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The Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability
by Paul HawkenA visionary new program that businesses can follow to help restore the planet.
The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in Tune with Nature and Community
by Fritjof Capra Ugo MatteiThe Ecology of Law Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei argue that at the root of many of the environmental, economic, and social crises we face today is a legal system based on an obsolete worldview. Capra, a bestselling author, physicist, and systems theorist, and Mattei, a distinguished legal scholar, explain how, by incorporating concepts from modern science, the law can become an integral part of bringing about a better world, rather than facilitating its destruction. This is the first book to trace the fascinating parallel history of law and science from antiquity to modern times, showing how the two disciplines have always influenced each other--until recently. In the past few decades, science has shifted from seeing the natural world as a kind of cosmic machine best understood by analyzing each cog and sprocket to a systems perspective that views the world as a vast network of fluid communities and studies their dynamic interactions. The concept of ecology exemplifies this approach. But law is stuck in the old mechanistic paradigm: the world is simply a collection of discrete parts, and ownership of these parts is an individual right, protected by the state. Capra and Mattei show that this has led to overconsumption, pollution, and a general disregard on the part of the powerful for the common good. Capra and Mattei outline the basic concepts and structures of a legal order consistent with the ecological principles that sustain life on this planet. This is a profound and visionary reconceptualization of the very foundations of the Western legal system, a kind of Copernican revolution in the law, with profound implications for the future of our planet.
The Ecology of the New Economy: Sustainable Transformation of Global Information, Communications and Electronics Industries
by Jacob Park Nigel RoomeA "revolution" is taking place in the development of global information and communications technologies. In slightly more than a decade, the World Wide Web has gone from the idea of an obscure English scientist to a consumer-oriented technology system with an expected one billion users by 2005. The technologies that enable this to happen are advancing rapidly, which is leading to both an unprecedented number of start-up companies and a host of innovative new alliances between companies. The growth has been so rapid and unexpected that little research and analysis has yet been done on what impact this transformation has had or will have on the ability of companies to meet the global sustainability challenge. As environmental strategy has traditionally been portrayed in terms of risk cutting and resource efficiency, there is a danger that critical business issues such as information technology, R&D and e-commerce development are examined in isolation from the wider sustainable business perspective. An important objective of the book is to explore, document and raise awareness of sustainability concerns arising from the emerging global information economy. The information economy is defined in the broadest sense possible, including software, hardware, telecommunication – traditional and wireless – and advanced communication technologies. Some of the key issues and questions that are examined include:Case studies on how and to what degree sustainability concerns are being integrated into the business model of electronic, telecommunication and dot.com firms. The relationship between the diffusion of information and communication technologies and the energy and resource intensity of companies. The role of information and communication technologies in the shaping of policies for sustainability, its impacts on sustainable or unsustainable lifestyles and its implications for the interaction between companies and other actors. Corporations and the global digital divide. The Ecology of the New Economy will be of interest to academics, governments, businesses, and non-governmental groups who are trying to understand the linkages and relationship between the two of our greatest global challenges: the information revolution and environmental sustainability.
Ecology, Sustainable Development and Accounting (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies)
by Seleshi SisayeAccounting literature has viewed sustainability in terms of social, economic and environmental performances. There have been concerns that the relationship between sustainability, accounting and organizational performance cannot be explained unless we can deduce patterns of administrative behaviour that chronicle management practices. Ecology, Sustainable Development and Accounting argues that, despite the broader social and economic development dimensions of sustainability and the limitations of its extension to corporate and organizational behaviour; an ecological framework is capable of providing the overall societal and community chronologies that describe corporate sustainable operations. Drawing examples from international development and federal government organizations, this book documents the link between ecology, corporate sustainable development, and sustainability accounting and reporting. It draws together the literature from several disciplines to elaborate the contribution of the ecological approach to sustainable development in the accounting literature. This book will be of particular interest to students, academics and practitioners in the areas of environmental studies, ecological economics, sustainable development studies, and social and environmental accounting. The sociological and anthropological perspectives make this book the first of its kind to apply the population ecology of sociology to both the sustainability and accounting literature.
Econo-Legal Studies: Thinking Through the Lenses of Economics and Law
by Takashi Yanagawa Hiroshi Takahashi Shinya OuchiThis book is the first attempt to establish a collaborative and interdisciplinary field of economics and legal studies. It is designed to help readers – advanced undergraduate and graduate students, but also fellow scholars who are interested in interdisciplinarity – to think through the dual lenses of economics and law. “Econo-Legal Studies,” as we call it, is an economics that pays greater attention to the perspective and heritage of legal studies, and at the same time legal studies that fully utilize the views and methods of economics – while “law and economics” is just a one-way economic approach to law focusing on the effects of the latter on efficiency. The aim of this book is to encourage readers to think like economists and, at the same time, legal scholars as they analyze complex real-world issues. It presents stimulating discussions on the intersection of law and economics, the differences and unexpected similarities between the two perspectives, and the new insights to be gained when approaching a problem from both angles. For this purpose, the extensive corpus of knowledge produced within the framework of the Econo-Legal Studies interdisciplinary program at Kobe University can be capitalized on. Basic knowledge of both economics and law is also included in this volume, making it an engaging read for beginners in both fields as well.
La economía de la extorsión: El lastre que despoja a México
by Luis De la CalleLa extorsión no es sólo una mancha en nuestro sistema. Es nuestro sistema. O, al menos, el peor compañero de viaje posible: uno que nos despoja a cada paso y nos sumerge en la incertidumbre. La extorsión no es sólo una mancha en nuestro sistema. Es nuestro sistema. O, al menos, el peor compañero de viaje posible: uno que nos despoja a cada paso y nos sumerge en la incertidumbre. En México, extorsiona el viene-viene para #cuidar# el coche, extorsiona el líder sindical al amenazar con huelgas a mansalva, extorsiona el burócrata que exige una #ayuda# para destrabar un trámite, extorsiona el gerente de una trasnacional al pedir moches, extorsiona el político que solicita un porcentaje para soltar una concesión... La extorsión permeó en prácticamente todas las capas de nuestra sociedad y hoy define buena parte de nuestra economía y nuestras políticas. Su impacto es brutal y causa una profunda desigualdad, no sólo en ingresos y oportunidades, sino en el acceso a los derechos más básicos. México, hoy, no se entiende sin este flagelo. Con todo rigor, Economía de la extorsión desmenuza el problema, nos presenta todas sus facetas y nos alerta del futuro que nos espera de seguir por esa vía.
Economic Analysis and Law: The Economics of the Courtroom
by Christopher E.S. WarburtonA comprehensive presentation of the use of economics in judicial decisions, the book is structured to provide all the foundational concepts that are important for the application of economics to the development and interpretation of statutes that emanate from economic conditions. The diversity of the economic field defines the scope of the book and its relevance to the study of law and rule adjudication. Beyond the positive dimensions of law and economics, the book evaluates the normative aspects of law and economics when laws are imprecise, and markets are inefficient. The ethical scope of transactions and rule adjudication are further considered in the context of professional ethics and the rationale for ethical considerations in the practice of law and economics. It presents a unique analysis of law, finance, and economics, by taking a look at the intricate quantitative requirements that are essential for scientific knowledge in the courtroom and the international dimensions of the practice of law and economics beyond municipal frontiers. It alerts entrepreneurs to risk exposures in the global economy and provides foundational information for readers who are also interested in international law and economics, and the essence and interpretations of international conventions appertaining to money, expropriation, the environment, and investments in international financial markets. This book is a useful reference for both undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in law and economics, forensic economics, corporate white-collar crime, and legal studies. It is also valuable for certificate programs for paralegals who wish to have a basic understanding of economic and financial concepts.
Economic Analysis for Ecosystem-Based Management: Applications to Marine and Coastal Environments
by Robert Johnston Daniel Holland James Sanchirico Deepak JoglekaOcean and coastal management regimes are increasingly subject to competing demands from stakeholders. Regulations must not only address fishing, recreation, and shipping, but also sand and gravel mining, gas pipelines, harbor/port development, offshore wind and tidal energy facilities, liquefied natural gas terminals, offshore aquaculture, and desalinization plants. The growing variety and intensity of ocean and coastal uses increases the call for a more holistic, comprehensive, and coordinated management approach that recognizes the often complex relationships between natural and human systems. For both economist and non-economist audiences, this book describes ways in which economic analysis can be an important tool to inform and improve ecosystem-based management (EBM). Topics include modeling economic impacts, benefit-cost analysis, spatial considerations in EBM, incentives and human behaviors, and accounting for uncertainty in policy analysis. Throughout the book the authors elucidate the different kinds of insights which can be gained from the use of different economic tools. In this rigorous and accessible work, the authors defy the conventional stereotype that economic perspectives necessarily favor the greatest commercial development. Instead, they demonstrate how comprehensive economic analyses consider the full range of potential services offered by marine and coastal ecosystems, including the conservation of biodiversity and creation of recreational opportunities.
Economic Analysis, Moral Philosophy, and Public Policy
by Daniel M. Hausman Michael S. McphersonThis 2006 book shows through accessible argument and numerous examples how understanding moral philosophy can improve economic analysis, how moral philosophy can benefit from economists' analytical tools, and how economic analysis and moral philosophy together can inform public policy. Part I explores rationality and its connections to morality. It argues that in defending their model of rationality, mainstream economists implicitly espouse contestable moral principles. Part II concerns welfare, utilitarianism and standard welfare economics, while Part III considers important moral notions that are left out of standard welfare economics, such as freedom, rights, equality, and justice. Part III also emphasizes the variety of moral considerations that are relevant to evaluating policies. Part IV then introduces technical work in social choice theory and game theory that is guided by ethical concepts and relevant to moral theorizing. Chapters include recommended readings and the book includes a glossary of relevant terms.
Economic Analysis of Contract Law
by Sugata BagThis book examines the main issues arising in economic analysis of contract law with special attention given to the incomplete contracts. It discusses both the main features of contract law as they relate to the problem of economic exchange, and how the relevant legal rules and the institutions can be analysed from an economic perspective. Evaluate the welfare impacts, analyses the effects and the desirability of different breach remedies and examines the optimal incentive structure of party-designed liquidated damages under the different dimensions of informational asymmetry. Overall the book aims to contribute to the legal debate over the adoption of the specific breach remedies when the breach victim's expectation interest is difficult to assess, and to the debate over courts' reluctance to implement large penalties in the event of breach of contracts.
An Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights Infringement: Field Studies in Developing Countries (Palgrave Studies in Institutions, Economics and Law)
by Koji DomonUsing unique field research from across Asia, this book examines the real markets of illicit products that breach intellectual property rights (IPR). The text presents three case studies regarding IPR infringements: unauthorised music content; fake spare parts of motorcycles; and fake Japanese food. Each study has unique characteristics, though their general concepts and problems have similar roots. The book shows what is happening in the black market and systems of illicit trade, providing information for stakeholders in Intellectual Property Rights to consider in devising effective methods for minimizing profits lost to copied and fake products.
Economic Analysis of Liability Rules
by Satish Kumar JainThis book focuses on the analysis of liability rules of tort law from an efficiency perspective, presenting a comprehensive analysis of these rules in a self-contained and rigorous yet accessible manner. It establishes general results on the efficiency of liability rules, including complete characterizations of efficient liability rules and efficient incremental liability rules. The book also establishes that the untaken precaution approach and decoupled liability are incompatible with efficiency. The economic analysis of tort law has established that for efficiency it is necessary that each party to the interaction must be made to internalize the harm resulting from the interaction. The characterization and impossibility theorems presented in this book establish that, in addition to internalization of the harm by each party, there are two additional requirements for efficiency. Firstly, rules must be immune from strategic manipulation. Secondly, rules must entail closure with respect to the parties involved in the interaction giving rise to the negative externality, i. e. , the liability must not be decoupled.
Economic Analysis of Property Law Cases: A Casebook (The Economics of Legal Relationships)
by Boudewijn R. BouckaertThe discipline of law and economics has earned a reputation for developing plausible and empirically testable theories on the social functions and the impact of legal institutions. Property rights are a field in which this has been very successful. In this book, economic property rights theories are applied to case law in order to examine the practice and solution of real life conflicts. The author examines the economic problems which are dealt with in these cases and evaluate the courts’ decisions from an economic angle. Cases are examined from across the UK, the US, Germany, Belgium and Canada to allow international comparisons to be made. These comparisons reveal that, regardless of the legal system, many legal issues have similar economic roots and therefore similar models of economic analysis can be applied. The analysis of these cases also shows that the discipline of law and economics is not only successful in developing explanatory models but also useful to generate better considerations and solutions for legal conflicts in individual cases. This book aims to bridge the gap between the academic and professional literature and demonstrate the benefits of the economic analysis of property rights cases to all those who are interested in law and economics.
Economic Analysis of Public Law (Springer Textbooks in Law)
by Michael RodiThis textbook analyses from an economic perspective the phenomena of public law, the constitution, the democratic and political process, federalism, NGOs, administration and state decisions. It also examines selected fields of administrative law, including finance and tax law, public economic law and environmental law. Although the book uses examples from different legal orders, it maintains a focus on continental European law, as it aims to advance the law and economics approach in Europe.
Economic Analysis of Tort Law: The Negligence Determination
by Malabika PalThis book looks at the negligence concept of tort law and studies the efficiency issue arising from the determination of negligence. It does so by scrutinizing actual court decisions from three common law jurisdictions – Britain, India and the United States of America. This volume fills a very significant gap, scrutinizing 52 landmark judgments from these three countries, by focussing on the negligent affliction of economic loss determined by common law courts and how these findings relate to the existing theoretical literature. By doing so, it examines the formalization of legal concepts in theory, primarily the question of negligence determination and liability, and their centrality in theories concerning tort law. This book will be very helpful for students, professors and practitioners of law, jurisprudence and legal theory. It will additionally be of use to researchers and academics interested in law and economics, procedure and legal history.
Economic and Environmental Regulation of International Aviation: From Inter-national to Global Governance (Routledge Research in International Commercial Law)
by Steven TruxalThe core structure of the regulatory regime for international civil aviation (the ‘Chicago System’) is inter–national. The features of the Chicago System were designed in an era when the world’s airlines were State–owned, and the most pressing international concerns were for navigation and safety regulation. Economic liberalization and intense globalization since the Second World War have impacted on the industry; today, it is global. This book observes the developing governance of global aviation, taking into account the concepts of sovereignty, jurisdiction and territoriality, and the proliferation of actors and participants as partners in a global public policy network, to posit that an upgraded system of global governance for civil aviation helps to explain the emerging complex landscape for global governance of civil aviation. As evidence of the emerging, complex matrix of governance of global aviation, this book identifies and reviews a selection of contemporary, transnational economic and environmental challenges facing the globalized aviation sector, e.g. fair competition safeguards, consumer protection, noise pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and the respective ‘legal’ and policy actions taken at national level (United Arab Emirates, Qatar and People’s Republic of China), regional level (the European Union) and international level (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and International Civil Aviation Organization). The book concludes that economic and environmental regulation of international aviation, designed for an inter–national world of yesterday, evolves into global governance of aviation, which is more suited for today’s global world. This book will be of particular interest to scholars and practitioners of aviation law, competition law and environmental law, as well as in the areas of transnational law, global governance and international relations.
Economic and Financial Analysis for Criminal Justice Organizations
by Daniel Adrian Doss William H. Sumrall III David H. McElreath Don W. JonesFrom small law offices to federal agencies, all entities within the justice system are governed by complicated economic factors and face daily financial decision-making. A complement to Strategic Finance for Criminal Justice Organizations, this volume considers the justice system from a variety of economic and financial perspectives and introduces
Economic and Financial Crime, Sustainability and Good Governance (Contributions to Finance and Accounting)
by Monica Violeta AchimThis book addresses the most widespread forms of financial crime today, namely corporate fraud, corruption, tax fraud, the shadow economy, informal entrepreneurship, money laundering, international informal capital flows, cybercrimes, and cryptocurrency scams. Given the rapid rise of digitalization, especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a huge surge in financial crime, especially in the form of cybercrime, which affects people’s financial security. Hence, the aim of this book is to stress the connected nature of financial crime and good governance, in order to achieve the most positive, sustainable development of society. The book analyzes financial crime in the context of digitalization. On the one hand, digitalization offers clear advantages in terms of reducing classical types of fraud such as tax evasion, corruption, the shadow economy, etc. On the other hand, digitalization offers new channels for criminals to gain illegal benefits when operating in digital space, e.g. through cybercrime, bank fraud, FinTech fraud, e-commerce fraud, etc. In this context, the term “digital shadow economy” has recently emerged in the literature as an expression of the types of fraud committed in digital space. In addition, the book explores issues concerning changes in regulations for various financial crimes around the world, statistics, and ways to combat digital crimes including punitive, preventive and other measures. Special attention is paid to cybercrime and cybersecurity issues, the goal being to raise readers’ awareness of these threats.
Economic and Financial Sanctions of the United States: Legal Perspectives
by Caf DowlahFrom the Cold War era to the current century, the United States has wielded substantial authority in imposing sanctions. This book delves into the intricate and multifaceted landscape of US economic and financial sanctions, unravelling their historical development, legal foundations, and geopolitical motivations. Case studies on five of the most-sanctioned countries in the world – Russia, Iran, Iraq, Cuba, and Venezuela—provide a deeper understanding of how the sanctioning measures allow the US to extend its reach beyond its national boundaries through extraterritorial laws, sophisticated enforcement mechanisms, and the pervasive dollar-denominated global economic structure. Meticulous and nuanced, this book is a go-to resource for understanding sanction regimes from both multilateral and unilateral perspective and the relevant international laws and jurisprudence.
Economic and Legal Considerations of Optimal Privatization: Case Studies of Mortgage Firms (DePfa Group and Fannie Mae)
by Hans-Joachim Beyer Claudia Dziobek John R. GarrettA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Economic and Social Rights and the Maintenance of International Peace and Security
by Claire BreenThis text comprises cutting-edge research on one of the greatest global challenges: the failure to address systematic economic and social exclusion, and attendant violations of economic and social rights (ESR), as a driver of conflict. The text explores what the UN's obligation to maintain international peace and security can mean when it is informed by the requirement to protect and promote ESR, rights that play a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security but which are often overlooked. The book considers the extent to which Security Council mandated peace operations have been informed by human rights and efforts to promote economic and social development. The approach is to analyse the extent to which the Security Council has interacted with the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council as well as other Charter-based mechanisms such as the Human Rights Council, and its predecessor, with particular reference to the role of the Special Procedure Mechanisms. The role of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights is also considered. In this way, the text shows that the connection between peace and security and human rights is well recognised by these organs. In addition, the text considers States’ ESR obligations stemming from the extraterritorial application of such rights in the context of peace operations. Given that States’ obligations stemming from ESR have often been neglected, the book examines how such provision could be improved using ESR-grounded plans reflecting the rights to health, food, water, education, work and life. The text concludes with a call to reimagine what international peace and security can look like when it is informed by the need to recognise the emergence of post-conflict legal obligations based on broader concepts of international peace and security that draw from ESR. This text will appeal to legal scholars, policy advisors, members of the military, those working in the area of development, NGOs and final-year undergraduate and/or postgraduate students working in the areas of international law, political science and international relations, and associated fields of research.
Economic and Social Rights Law: Incorporation, Justiciability and Principles of Adjudication (Routledge Research in Human Rights Law)
by Katie BoyleThis book develops principles of adjudication to facilitate accountability for violations of Economic and Social Rights. Economic and Social Rights engage with areas relating to social justice and their violation tends to impact on the most vulnerable members of society. Taking the UK as a case study, the book draws on international experience and comparative practice, including progressive reform at the devolved subnational level, that demonstrate the potential reach of Economic and Social Rights when the rights are given legal standing in domestic settings according to their status in international law. The work looks at different models of incorporation of rights into domestic law and sets out existing justiciability mechanisms for their enforcement as well as future models open to development. In so doing the book develops principles of adjudication drawn from deliberative democracy theory that help address some of the critiques of social rights adjudication. This book will have a global and cross-sectoral appeal to legal practitioners, the judiciary and the civil services, as well as to researchers, academics and students in the fields of human rights law, comparative constitutional law and deliberative democracy theory.
An Economic Approach to the Plagiarism of Music (Cultural Economics & the Creative Economy)
by Samuel CameronThis book is an economic analysis of plagiarism in music, focusing on social efficiency and questions of inequity in the revenue of authors/artists. The organisation into central chapters on the traditional literary aspect of composition and the technocratic problem of ‘sampling’ will help clarify disputes about social efficiency and equity. It will also be extremely helpful as an expository method where the text is used in courses on the music business.These issues have been explored to a great extent in other areas of musical content—notably piracy, copying and streaming. Therefore it is extremely helpful to exclude consumer use of musical content from the discussion to focus solely on the production side. This book also looks at the policy options in terms of the welfare economics of policy analysis.
Economic Concepts of Ibn Taimiyah
by Abdul Azim IslahiThis valuable work presents Ibn Taimiyah's thoughts on the concept of Islamic economics, the state in the economy, on public finance, money, interest, prices, partnership, and profit-sharing, and offers a comparison of his ideas with those of some medieval scholars in Europe, along with a study of his influence on Islamic thinkers in later periods.
Economic Crime: From Conception to Response (Global Issues in Crime and Justice)
by Mark Button Branislav Hock David ShepherdThis book is the first attempt to establish 'economic crime' as a new sub-discipline within criminology. Fraud, corruption, bribery, money laundering, price-fixing cartels and intellectual property crimes pursued typically for financial and professional gain, have devastating consequences for the prosperity of economic life. While most police forces in the UK and the USA have an ‘economic crime’ department, and many European bodies such as Europol use the term and develop strategies and structures to deal with it, it is yet to grain traction as a widely used term in the academic community. Economic Crime: From Conception to Response aims to change that and covers: definitions of the key premises of economic crime as the academic sub-discipline within criminology; an overview of the key research on each of the crimes associated with economic crime; public, private and global responses to economic crime across its different forms and sectors of the economy, both within the UK and globally. This book is an essential resource for students, academics and practitioners engaged with aspects of economic crime, as well as the related areas of financial crime, white-collar crime and crimes of the powerful.