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Ethical Innovation for Global Health: Pandemic, Democracy and Ethics in Research
by Chieko Kurihara Dirceu Greco Ames DhaiThis volume captures the recent changes and evolution in ethics in research involving humans and provides future directions to achieve alternative drug development strategies for equitable global health. It presents ethical considerations in current day clinical trials and new trends of ethics in research. It also describes the historical context, illustrates the process in alternative paradigms to achieve democracy after World War II, how the framework of ethics in research was established in different regions, and policies implemented to protect research participants from the exploitation of new drug development. The book is organized into three themed parts: relevant constructions from Brazil, South Africa, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan; historical and international perspectives of principles of ethics in research; and alternative frameworks of clinical development and innovation. Ethical Innovation for Global Health: Pandemic, Democracy and Ethics in Research is an informative resource for academic researchers, the global pharmaceutical industry, regulators, civil society and other role players involved in global health. It is contributed to by leaders in global policy development in research ethics, and experts in drug development activities with its trajectory being global health. The COVID-19 pandemic, as a global disaster, necessitated not only socio-economic but also cultural transformation. While effective vaccines were developed under a successful new methodology, there remains inequity of distribution of these vaccines globally. The book re-engages with the notion of the primacy of distributing results of scientific innovation to those who most require the benefits.
Ethical Inquiries after Wittgenstein (Nordic Wittgenstein Studies #8)
by Salla Aldrin Salskov Ondřej Beran Nora HämäläinenThis volume showcases contemporary, ground-up ethical essays in the tradition of Wittgenstein’s broader philosophy and Wittgenstein-inspired ethical reflection. It takes the ethical relevance of Wittgenstein as a substantial and solid starting point for a broad range of ongoing thinking about contemporary ethical issues.The texts are organised in two sections. The first consists of chapters exploring questions around what could be called the “grammar” of our moral forms of life, and thus represents a more traditional approach in ethics after Wittgenstein. The second part represents a recent turn in the tradition towards investigating moral conceptions, perspectives and concepts that are undergoing change, either because the world itself is changing (for instance with new technologies) or because human agency, such as social movements, has brought us to reconsider previously unquestioned ideas and structures.Within the book, the authors’ contributions are inspired, in their ways of working with ethical questions, by Wittgenstein’s conceptions of language, understanding and the nature of philosophical inquiry. This book is of interest to philosophers influenced by Wittgenstein, as well as to all ethicists seeking ideas for how to do philosophy in a manner close to lived experience and practice.
Ethical Intelligence: Five Principles for Untangling Your Toughest Problems at Work and Beyond
by Bruce WeinsteinEthical intelligence may not get as much attention as other forms of “smarts,” but as Bruce Weinstein shows, it is the most practical, valuable, and even courageous form, determining success on the job, ful?llment in relationships, and sense of self-worth. After reviewing the ?ve basic ethical principles agreed upon by cultures and religious traditions around the world and throughout time, Weinstein shows readers how to develop their ethics IQ by applying these principles in daily life. Real-world examples and interviews — with CEOs, athletes, celebrities, and political leaders — illustrate ethics in action, and their absence. Most strikingly, Weinstein shows that ethical principles aren’t just good; they are good for us, bene?ting our health, happiness, and prosperity. While ethical ignorance grabs headlines, it is ethical intelligence that creates the most ful?lling life.
Ethical Intuitionism
by Michael HuemerA defence of ethical intuitionism where (i) there are objective moral truths; (ii) we know these through an immediate, intellectual awareness, or 'intuition'; and (iii) knowing them gives us reasons to act independent of our desires. The author rebuts the major objections to this theory and shows the difficulties in alternative theories of ethics.
Ethical Issues in AI for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics
by Yashwant Pathak, Surovi Saikia, Sarvadaman Pathak, Jayvadan Patel and Jigna PrajapatiThis unique volume presents AI in relation to ethical points of view in handling big data sets. Issues such as algorithmic biases, discrimination for specific patterns and privacy breaches may sometimes be skewed to affect research results so that certain fields to appear more appealing to funding agencies. The discussion on the ethics of AI is highly complex due to the involvement of many international stakeholders such as the UN, OECD, parliaments, industry groups, professional bodies, and individual companies. The issue of reliability is addressed including the emergence of synthetic life, 5G networks, intermingling of human artificial intelligence, nano-robots and cyber security tools. Features Discusses artificial intelligence and ethics, the challenges and opportunities Presents the issue of reliability in the emergence of synthetic life, 5G networks, intermingling of human artificial intelligence, nano-robots, and cyber security tools Ethical responsibility and reasoning for using AI in Big Data Addresses practicing medicine and ethical issues when applying artificial intelligence
Ethical Issues in Anesthesiology and Surgery
by Barbara G. JerichoEach chapter includes an ethical challenge presented as a clinical case scenario that readers may relate to in their daily practice of anesthesiology and surgery. The ethical issues surrounding each chapter's content are examined in an easily understandable manner for the specific target audience to improve the understanding and management of ethical dilemmas in patient care. Informed consent issues for the adult and pediatric patient, perioperative considerations of do-not-resuscitate orders, ethical issues of drug shortages, transplantation ethics, surgical care of patients and futility, conscientious objection, informed consent and disclosure of surgeon experience, and research and publication ethics are included and based on the experience of the Editor and the roster of contributors.
Ethical Issues in Aviation
by Elizabeth A. HoppeThe aviation industry is unique in two major ways: firstly, it has a long history of government involvement dating back to the early days of aviation; and secondly, its primary concern is the safety of its passengers and crew. These features highlight the importance of ethical decision-making at all levels of the industry. However, well-publicized problems such as the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 highlight the need for ethics to take a more prominent role in the field. Ethical Issues in Aviation focuses on both past and current topics in aviation, providing the reader with an overview of the major themes in aviation ethics that cover a broad range of subjects. Contributors include academics who do research in the field as well as professionals who provide first-hand accounts of the ethical situations that arise in the aviation industry. This second edition has been thoroughly revised throughout to bring it up to date, and features several new chapters that cover recent events and topics. This book enhances student learning by providing faculty, students, and those interested in aviation with discussion of the most pressing ethical issues that continue to impact the industry.
Ethical Issues in Biomedical Publication
by Anne Hudson Jones Faith McLellanWhen the editors of two of the most prominent medical journals in the world—the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)—were fired in the same year, under circumstances that ranged from acrimonious to politically sensational, media attention again focused on biomedical publication. The controversy highlighted yet another ethical dimension of scientific research and its publication, topics that have generated intense scrutiny in recent years. As research funding has become scarcer and competition fiercer, with links between scientific discovery and commercial applications increasingly tighter and more lucrative, allegations of misconduct have also increased. Universities and research institutions, notably the NIH, have created offices of scientific integrity and mandated educational programs to investigate such allegations and to train researchers in the highest standards of sound, ethical scientific research.Focusing on publication ethics as an essential aspect of responsible scientific conduct, Ethical Issues in Biomedical Publication examines a variety of troublesome issues, including authorship, peer review, repetitive publication, conflict of interest, and electronic publishing. The contributors include the editors of distinguished biomedical journals (among them, past or present editors of Academic Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal, JAMA, and the Lancet), humanities scholars, scientists, lawyers, and a university administrator. Chapters address specific ethical issues and offer recommendations for preventing or solving problems associated with them. The result is a book that will serve as a standard reference for biomedical researchers, authors, editors, and teachers of research ethics."Educators, administrators, scientists, editors, and students should all welcome this comprehensive new book. Anne Hudson Jones and Faith McLellan have gathered a veritable who's who in the field of publication ethics for biomedical research. All those with a stake in biomedical research will surely want this volume on their bookshelf."—from the Foreword by Jordan J. Cohen, M.D., President, Association of American Medical Colleges
Ethical Issues in Cardiovascular Medicine (Routledge Annals of Bioethics)
by David M. Zientek Mark J. CherryThis book provides an exploration of the ethics of cardiology practice. It provides a variety of frameworks for analyzing ethical issues that arise in cardiovascular medicine. Cardiovascular medicine—the diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired diseases of the heart, major arteries, and veins—has seen rapid change in diagnosis, treatment, and the organization of practice in the last half of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty first century. The complexity of these developments has resulted in increasing subspecialization, and many practitioners are challenged to stay abreast with the latest developments in cardiology. These changes also bring with them various ethical challenges. The chapters in this volume are divided by five broad areas of practice: beginning-of-life, end-of-life, transplantation and allocation of expensive or scarce resources, professionalism, and research. The case-based approach presented across the volume provides a perspective that will allow readers to reason through current and future ethical issues as they arise in this rapidly changing field. Ethical Issues in Cardiovascular Medicine will be of interest to researchers working in bioethics, clinical ethics, and the philosophy of medicine, as well as practicing physicians, nurses, and students who work in cardiovascular medicine.
Ethical Issues in Chronic Pain Management (Pain Management Ser. #Vol. 1)
by Michael E. SchatmanSpecifically designed to address the needs of all specialists involved in the care of chronic pain patients, this source clarifies the ethical and legal issues associated with the diagnosis, assessment, and care of patients suffering from long-term pain. Divided into five comprehensive sections, this source covers a variety of topics to help the ch
Ethical Issues in Clinical Forensic Psychiatry
by Artemis IgoumenouThis work explores and discusses the ethical dilemmas clinicians face in everyday forensic psychiatry practice. We discuss and reflect on ethical issues involving treatment decisions such as antipsychotic polypharmacy, high doses antipsychotics and prescribing anti-libidinal medications. Ethical issues surrounding the use of technology for the management of mentally disordered offenders are explored in depth. The use of the polygraph test, a controversial method of truth facilitation for sex offenders, is discussed. Similarly, we discuss the use of "tagging" for serious offenders that despite being used in the United States of America for a while it has been heavily criticized and opposed. Tagging is gradually being introduced in the UK and other European countries, making consideration of the ethical issues and dilemmas surrounding its use both timely and necessary. This work is a valuable guide for clinicians working in forensic psychiatry settings, particularly when faced with ethical dilemmas concerning decisions around interventions.
Ethical Issues in Community and Patient Stakeholder–Engaged Health Research (Philosophy and Medicine #146)
by Emily E. AndersonThis book provides in-depth analyses of a wide range of topics surrounding ethical issues in community and patient stakeholder–engaged health research, and highlights where consensus exists, is emerging, or remains elusive. Topics in this book cover the history of stakeholder engagement in health research; how codes of ethics and regulations have (or have not) addressed stakeholder engagement; how to promote equitable collaboration; the ethical perspectives of different stakeholders; and the unique challenges posed by stakeholder- engaged research to the protection of human research participants and the research ethics review process. The book includes discussion of unique issues that arise in stakeholder engagement relevant to different populations, settings, and research designs. This book is relevant for anyone with a role or interest in stakeholder-engaged research, including patient and community research partners; academic researchers; research ethics scholars and educators; and funders.
Ethical Issues in Dementia Care: Making Difficult Decisions
by Clive Baldwin Julian C. HughesBradford Dementia Group Good Practice Guides There are always difficult day to day decisions to be faced when caring for a person with dementia - from knowing how to deal with wandering to end of life decisions. Many of these decisions are underpinned by value judgments about right and wrong and reflect a particular view of dementia. This book considers these ethical decisions in the context of relationships, treatment, safety and quality of life, offering practical guidance and advice. It draws on the experiences of family carers as well as on existing research and emphasizes the importance of empathy and the need to acknowledge different perspectives in order to reach the best decision for the person with dementia. In particular the authors discuss the way that decision makers are themselves changed by the decisions they make, and the impact of this on the decision-making process. This book should be read by all those who work caring for people with dementia.
Ethical Issues in International Communication
by Alexander G. NikolaevThisunique collectionexplores contemporary ethical issues and problems in international communication. Written by scholars from around the world focusing on global ethical issues for a global audience, the volume considers theoretical issues of international communication ethics and provides specific practical examples and case studies. Key areas within the field of international communication are discussed, includingjournalism, international PR and public communication, political rhetoric andeducation, making this an important inclusion to the current literature. "
Ethical Issues in Policing: Philosophical And Ethical Issues (Springerbriefs In Ethics Ser.)
by Seumas Miller John BlacklerPolice Studies constitute an important area of academic inquiry and policing raises a large number of ethical questions, yet to date there has been a paucity of research on the subject. This significant volume provides an integrated mix of ethico-philosophical analysis combined with practitioner knowledge and experience to examine and address the large number of difficult ethical questions involved in modern-day policing. Key features: ¢ Outlines a distinctive philosophical theory of policing which promotes the human rights dimension of police work. ¢ Analyzes the phenomenon of noble cause corruption and ways to combat it. ¢ Examines the role of restorative justice. ¢ Discusses the related notions of police authority and police discretion. ¢ Assesses the use of coercive and deadly force. ¢ Provides a detailed discussion of recent issues such as privacy and confidentiality in the context of new communication and information technologies, and entrapment. Philosophical in approach and written in an accessible style, the book will be a valuable guide for all those with an interest or involvement in Police Studies, Criminology, Philosophy and Ethics.
Ethical Issues in Prison Psychiatry
by Birgit Völlm David N. Weisstub Norbert KonradRecent surveys demonstrate a high and possibly increasing prevalence of mental disorders in prisoners. They have an increased risk of suffering from a mental disorder that transcends countries and diagnoses. Ethical dilemmas in prison psychiatry arise from resource allocation and include issues of patient choice and autonomy in an inherently coercive environment. Ethical conflicts may arise from the dual role of forensic psychiatrists giving raise to tensions between patient care/protection of the public.This book describes models and ethical issues of psychiatric healthcare in prison in several countries. Relevant issues are: the professional medical role of a psychiatrist and/or psychotherapist working in prison, the involvement of psychiatrists in disciplinary or coercive measures; consent to treatment, the use of coercion in forcing a prisoner to undergo treatment, hunger strike, confidentiality. The book ends with consensus guidelines concerning good practice in Prison Psychiatry.
Ethical Issues in Psychology (Foundations of Psychology)
by Philip Banyard Cara FlanaganHow do we know right from wrong, good from bad, help from hindrance, and how can we judge the behaviour of others? Ethics are the rules and guidelines that we use to make such judgements. Often there are no clear answers, which make this subject both interesting and potentially frustrating. In this book, the authors offer readers the opportunity to develop and express their own opinions in relation to ethics in psychology. There are many psychological studies that appear to have been harmful or cruel to the people or animals that took part in them. For example, memory researchers carried out studies on a man who had no memory for over forty years, but because he had no memory he was never able to agree to the studies. Is this a reasonable thing to do to someone? Comparative psychologist Harry Harlow found that he could create severe and lasting distress in monkeys by keeping them in social isolation. Is this a reasonable thing to do even if we find out useful things about human distress? If you were able to use psychological techniques to break someone down so that they revealed information that was useful to your government, would you do it? If so, why? If not, why not? These ethical issues are not easy to resolve and the debates continue as we encounter new dilemmas. This book uses examples from psychological research to look at: key ethical issues ethical guidelines of psychologists socially sensitive research ethics in applied psychology the use of animals in research This book is essential reading for undergraduate and pre-undergraduate students of psychology and related subjects such as philosophy and social policy.
Ethical Issues in Psychosurgery (Psychology Revivals)
by John KleinigFirst published in 1985, Ethical Issues in Psychosurgery examines the continuing debate surrounding the treatment of psychiatric disorder by psychosurgery and its ethical implications. Psychosurgery represents a radical treatment and it therefore raises, in a particularly acute and challenging fashion, questions which are implicit In most therapy. The book offers a focussed study in bioethics, a model for bioethical inquiry, as well as introduction to some of the major problems in bioethics. These range from detailed discussions of informed consent, the sanctity of the brain, and the use of experimental therapies, to wider questions of social contract and professionalization. John Kleinig’s balanced and informed treatment of the questions will make this book invaluable not only to those concerned with the philosophy of legal and medical ethics, but also to those in the fields of psychiatric practice and research.
Ethical Issues in Rural Health Care (Bioethics)
by Craig M. KlugmanKlugman and Dalinis initiate a much-needed conversation about the ethical and policy concerns facing health care providers in the rural United States.This volume initiates a much-needed conversation about the ethical and policy concerns facing health care providers in the rural United States. Although 21 percent of the population lives in rural areas, only 11 percent of physicians practice there. What challenges do health care workers face in remote locations? What are the differences between rural and urban health care practices? What particular ethical issues arise in treating residents of small communities? Craig M. Klugman and Pamela M. Dalinis gather philosophers, lawyers, physicians, nurses, and researchers to discuss these and other questions, offering a multidisciplinary overview of rural health care in the United States. Rural practitioners often practice within small, tight-knit communities, socializing with their patients outside the examination room. The residents are more likely to have limited finances and to lack health insurance. Physicians may have insufficient resources to treat their patients, who often have to travel great distances to see a doctor.The first part of the book analyzes the differences between rural and urban cultures and discusses the difficulties in treating patients in rural settings. The second part features the personal narratives of rural health care providers, who share their experiences and insights. The last part introduces unique ethical challenges facing rural health care providers and proposes innovative solutions to those problems. This volume is a useful resource for bioethicists, members of rural bioethics committees and networks, policy makers, teachers of health care providers, and rural practitioners themselves.
Ethical Issues in Youth Work
by Sarah BanksThis fully updated new edition of Ethical Issues in Youth Work presents a comprehensive overview and discussion of a range of ethical challenges facing youth workers in their everyday practice. The first part offers a clear outline of the nature of professional ethics, relevant ethical theories and an overview of the policy and organisational context of youth work. The second part is grounded firmly in practice, with experts in the field exploring specific issues that raise ethical difficulties for youth workers, such as: • when to breach confidentiality • information sharing in inter-professional contexts • the ethics of youth participation and active citizenship • how to balance the roles of control, empowerment and education • negotiating personal and professional values, interests and commitments in youth work • dilemmas for faith-based and black and minority ethnic workers • issues for practitioner researchers. Ethical Issues in Youth Work offers a timely and unique insight into both the dilemmas of youth work practice and some of the more recent challenges faced by youth workers and all those working with young people in the light of current public attitudes and government policies towards young people.
Ethical Issues of Human Genetic Databases: A Challenge to Classical Health Research Ethics? (Medical Law and Ethics)
by Bernice ElgerFollowing the boom in population databases in recent years there has been sustained and intense international debate about political processes and legal and ethical issues surrounding the protection and use of genetic data. As a result, several national and international organizations and committees have published widely differing guidelines and statements concerning genetic databases and biobanks. Ethical Issues of Human Genetic Databases compares the new area of biobanking with the tradition of ethically accepted classical research and highlights the distinctive features of existing databases and guidelines. The volume identifies areas of consensus and controversy while investigating the challenges posed to classical health research ethics by the existence of genetic databases, analyzing the reasons for such varying guidelines. The book will be essential to academics, biobankers, policy-makers and researchers in the field of medical ethics.
Ethical Judgment: The Use of Science in Ethics
by Abraham EdelIn Ethical Judgment, Abraham Edel makes clear the part played by biological and social scientific Information In ethical Judgment and moral action using psychological, anthropological, and economic materials as well as historical studies. Edel suggests that many controversies In ethical theory have emerged because different ethical theories made different scientific assumptions. In the almost forty years since his book was first published, life has become more complex and technological change has accelerated, bringing changes to our morality and ethical theory as well as our conduct. If anything, his observations are even more pertinent, compelling us to examine the empirical core of ethical statements., Edel maintains that since our knowledge of social life and history Is constantly growing, moral theories and ethical judgments ought to embody the best knowledge available at any point in time. However, because all knowledge and belief Is only probable, there is never absolute certainty but only what Edel calls residual Indeterminacy in human life and knowledge due to complexity and change., Edel lists four factors that form the basis for moral decisions: universal needs (food); perennial aspirations (friendships); central necessary conditions (job security); and critical contingent factors under special circumstances (land reform in a landholder-ruled society). In his new introduction, Edel applies those factors to the present day, discussing societal changes over the past forty years, such as the number of women in the work force, the impact of the civil rights movement, and the fact that isolationism as a national policy Is no longer feasible. Ethical Judgment Is a recognized classic in the modern study of ethical theory. It will be valuable reading for sociologists, historians, and all scholars interested in the study of ethics and American culture.
Ethical Leadership: Indian and European Spiritual Approaches
by Madhumita Chatterji László ZsolnaiThis original contribution to business ethics brings together chapters by leading European and Indian scholars and practitioners. Addressing issues of human values, ethics, spirituality and leadership in business the authors aim to create a dialogue and interchange between Indian and European cultural traditions. Topics include spiritual orientations to business in Hindu, Buddhist and Christian traditions; the effect of spirituality upon contemporary leadership theories; sustainable business models in India and Europe and a comparison between Indian and European philosophies of leadership. In exploring what India and Europe can offer to one another in the development of ethical business leadership, Ethical Leadership aims to demonstrate ways to achieve sustainability, peace and well-being.
Ethical Leadership
by Andrew LeighEthical Leadership shines a light on the role of both culture and ethics in organizations by making the issues more transparent, accessible and above all, connected. Business leaders are now accountable for showing that they have the correct ethical policies and culture in place. Andrew Leigh focuses on the fact that ethical culture is manifest in the actual behaviour and attitudes of all staff, rather than in policy documents. His book is full of practical strategies, case studies and action points which will help leaders to improve and manage ethical culture and climate in their organizations.
Ethical Leadership: A Primer
by Robert M. McManus Stanley J. Ward Alexandra K. PerryThe world cries out for ethical leaders. We expect the best, but we are often left profoundly disappointed. While leadership programs may feature ethics as part of their curriculum, the approach is often either simplistic or overly esoteric. This book addresses this scarcity of resources for training ethical leaders by providing a primer of several ethical frameworks accompanied by extended examples to help inform decision-making. The text also presents a number of leadership models that claim an ethical component. By providing a consistent case analysis based on the Five Components of Leadership Model, readers benefit from a uniform approach to evaluating ethical leadership. <p><p>By using the Five Components of Leadership Model as a consistent point of reference, McManus, Ward, and Perry offer readers a variety of insights on ethical leadership. Conclusions include the importance of drawing from multiple ethical and leadership perspectives, moving away from exclusively leader-centric approaches to ethical leadership, the importance of asking questions to maximize self-awareness, and considering multiple points of view whenever addressing an ethical conundrum. To connect 'ethical thinking' and 'ethical doing', the text uses classroom-friendly framing questions, timelines, visual models, summary tables, case studies, discussion questions, and recommended resources for additional study. <p><p>After reading the book, students will benefit from a foundational understanding of theories and models of both ethics and leadership, as well as a concrete view of what these theories and models look like in practice. Professors will benefit by having all these resources in one text, viewed through the lens of the Five Components of Leadership Model. <p><p>Striving to be both comprehensive and approachable, this book is an excellent resource for upper-level students studying leadership, especially those who are new to philosophy or ethics. It is inclusive enough to serve as a primary text or as a supplement for a well-rounded ethics or leadership course. <p><p>Contributors include: J. Cervantes, A. Council, B.P. Dean, G.G. Enck, R.M. McManus, B.A. Pauchnik, A.K. Perry, S. Raible, M. Saleem-Tanner, P.H. Sarkaria, L. Sequeira, M. Sowcik, J.N. Thomas, S.C. Trainor, S. Varnon-Hughes, S.J. Ward