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The Four Mistakes: Avoiding the Legal Landmines that Lead to Business Disaster
by Michael G. Trachtman“[T]his book will…provide substantial advantages for business owners, executives and managers seeking a competitive edge. Much of the information and strategies…can be utilized not only as a shield, but also as a sword.” – Michael G. Trachtman, Esq.According to a 2007 “Litigation Trends Survey”:- Of the smallest companies surveyed, 17% had at least one lawsuit where $20 million or more was claimed- Among mid-sized companies, 98% had from one to twenty $20 million lawsuitsLawsuits destroy companies and careers—but with a little forethought, they CAN be prevented. Attorney Michael Trachtman provides a lively and clear guide to the four most common legal mistakes made by business owners, executives, and employees—errors that can lead to loss of money, creative capital…or worse. Each chapter examines one of the mistakes through the dramatic story of a fictional lawsuit, along with tangible advice on avoiding the problem. Trachtman even reveals how to take advantage of a competitor’s mistakes and turn their unmanaged risks into opportunities. THE FOUR MISTAKES:Mistake One: Losing the Documentation WarMistake Two: Losing the Employee versus Employer WarMistake Three: Giving Away the Secrets of Your SuccessMistake Four: Climbing Mountains that Should Have Been Molehills, Fighting Battles That Don’t Have to be Fought
Four Philosophers and the Bomb: Russell, Aron, Jaspers, and Anders on Atomic Warfare (Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought)
by Alberto Castelli Giunia Gatta Micaela Latini Francesco RaschiIn this book, Alberto Castelli, Giunia Gatta, Micaela Latini, and Francesco Raschi examine how four prominent intellectuals of the 20th century (Bertrand Russell, Karl Jaspers, Raymond Aron, and Günther Anders) understood atomic warfare. With a chapter devoted to the philosophical ideas of each thinker and how they understood and interpreted war, the authors analyze the historic-political context in which these ideas emerged and what they proposed to avoid a nuclear disaster.Four Philosophers and the Bomb will be of interest to students and researchers of peace studies, international relations, political philosophy, and moral philosophy.
The Four Virtues
by Tobin HartIn a world with greater knowledge, more advanced technology, and more groundbreaking innovation than ever at our fingertips, we are still looking to find our way. We are still searching for that essential insight on how to lead a really good life. By drawing from across tradition and time, from neuroscience to ancient wisdom, Tobin Hart reveals that we all possess four essential virtues--Presence, Heart, Wisdom, Creation--that help us to build, balance, and integrate our psychological and spiritual life on earth. While these virtues may be universal, the way they live in each of us is unique. With the Spiritual Assessment Matrix (SAM) and expert practices and tools, this highly accessible, thought-provoking guide shows us how to grow and activate these powers from the inside out. When in balance, these four virtues serve as a field guide to the inner life, bringing you heart and wisdom as well as helping you recognize beauty, rekindle awe, and find your own voice.hether religious or secular--looking to live by a contemporary set of ethics to frame their self-development and happiness. Highly accessible, thought provoking, and interactive, The Four Virtues provides a groundbreaking way to engage and flourish in life.
Four Volumes on Christianity: The Essence of Faith, Pilgrimage to Humanity, The Quest of the Historical Jesus, and The Light Within Us
by Albert SchweitzerFour of the Nobel Peace Prize–winning author&’s most influential, insightful, and inspiring works on theology and ethics in the modern world. Famous for founding the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in what is now the West African country of Gabon, Albert Schweitzer&’s ethical philosophy of &“Reverence for Life&” became one of the most influential ideas of the twentieth century. These four volumes chart the development of Schweitzer&’s philosophy from his student days to his career as a globally revered intellectual. The Essence of Faith: While studying for his PhD at the Sorbonne, Schweitzer developed his views on theology through an analysis of Immanuel Kant&’s philosophy of religion. In The Essence of Faith, Schweitzer explores Kantian ideas to arrive at an inspiring meditation on God, faith, and the limits of human understanding. Pilgrimage to Humanity: In Pilgrimage to Humanity, Schweitzer discusses his philosophy, his ministry in Africa, and his pursuit of world peace. He also explores the important contributions to civilization made by figures such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, J. S. Bach, and Jesus of Nazareth. The Quest of the Historical Jesus: In this landmark work of Biblical criticism, Schweitzer deconstructs the traditional myths of Jesus&’s life by offering rigorous textual analysis and historical evidence. By establishing the social and political climate of Jesus&’s time, Schweitzer not only dismantles the previously dominant images of Jesus, but also presents a compelling new theory of his own. The Light Within Us: In The Light Within Us, Schweitzer&’s longtime friend Richard Kik has compiled many of his most insightful and inspiring quotations. Drawn from his many writings, these quotations share Schweitzer&’s thoughts on service, gratitude, God, missionary work, and much more.
The Fourteenth Amendment
by David L. HudsonIn The Fourteenth Amendment: Equal Protection Under the Law, author David L. Hudson, Jr., explores the significance of the Fourteenth Amendment through the country's history and legal cases. He discusses why there was a need for this amendment, how it was created, and fully explains the major sections and clauses. This amendment forever changed Constitutional law and will continue to have an impact on legal cases in the future.
The Fourth Amendment
by Charles M. WettererShows how the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution has been historically interpreted by the judicial system and presents cases which illustrate how it is currently being applied.
The Fourth Amendment in an Age of Surveillance
by David GrayThe Fourth Amendment is facing a crisis. New and emerging surveillance technologies allow government agents to track us wherever we go, to monitor our activities online and offline, and to gather massive amounts of information relating to our financial transactions, communications, and social contacts. In addition, traditional police methods like stop-and-frisk have grown out of control, subjecting hundreds of thousands of innocent citizens to routine searches and seizures. In this work, David Gray uncovers the original meaning of the Fourth Amendment to reveal how its historical guarantees of collective security against threats of 'unreasonable searches and seizures' can provide concrete solutions to the current crisis. This important work should be read by anyone concerned with the ongoing viability of one of the most important constitutional rights in an age of increasing government surveillance.
The Fourth Enemy: Journalism and Power in the Making of Peronist Argentina, 1930–1955
by James CaneThe rise of Juan Perón to power in Argentina in the 1940s is one of the most studied subjects in Argentine history. But no book before this has examined the role the Peronists’ struggle with the major commercial newspaper media played in the movement’s evolution, or what the resulting transformation of this industry meant for the normative and practical redefinition of the relationships among state, press, and public. In The Fourth Enemy, James Cane traces the violent confrontations, backroom deals, and legal actions that allowed Juan Domingo Perón to convert Latin America’s most vibrant commercial newspaper industry into the region’s largest state-dominated media empire. An interdisciplinary study drawing from labor history, communication studies, and the history of ideas, this book shows how decades-old conflicts within the newspaper industry helped shape not just the social crises from which Peronism emerged, but the very nature of the Peronist experiment as well.
The Fourth Enemy: Journalism and Power in the Making of Peronist Argentina, 1930–1955
by James CaneThe rise of Juan Perón to power in Argentina in the 1940s is one of the most studied subjects in Argentine history. But no book before this has examined the role the Peronists’ struggle with the major commercial newspaper media played in the movement’s evolution, or what the resulting transformation of this industry meant for the normative and practical redefinition of the relationships among state, press, and public. In The Fourth Enemy, James Cane traces the violent confrontations, backroom deals, and legal actions that allowed Juan Domingo Perón to convert Latin America’s most vibrant commercial newspaper industry into the region’s largest state-dominated media empire. An interdisciplinary study drawing from labor history, communication studies, and the history of ideas, this book shows how decades-old conflicts within the newspaper industry helped shape not just the social crises from which Peronism emerged, but the very nature of the Peronist experiment as well.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Ethics: Solving the Challenges of the Agenda 2030 (Sustainable Finance)
by Karen Wendt Katharina MillerThis book tackles the ethical problems of the “Fourth Industrial Revolution” (4IR) and offers readers an overview of the ethical challenges connected to Artificial Intelligence (AI), encryption and the finance industry. It specifically focuses on the situation of females in these industries, from women lawyers, judges, attorneys-at-law, investors and bankers, to portfolio managers, solicitors and civil servants. As the 4IR is more than “just” a technology-driven transformation, this book is a call to policymakers and business leaders to harness new technologies in order to create a more inclusive, human-centered future. It offers many practical cases of proactive change agents, and offers solutions to the ethical challenges in connection with implementing revolutionary disruptive products that often eliminate the intermediary. In addition, the book addresses sustainable finance in startups. In this context, education, training, agility and life-long learning in financial literacy are some of the key solutions highlighted here. The respective contributors supply a diverse range of perspectives, so as to promote a multi-stakeholder approach.
The Fourth Pentecostal Wave in South Africa: A Critical Engagement (Routledge New Critical Thinking in Religion, Theology and Biblical Studies)
by Solomon KgatleThis book critically examines contemporary Pentecostalism in South Africa and its influence on some of the countries that surround it. Pentecostalism plays a significant role in the religious life of this region and so evaluating its impact is key to understanding how religion functions in Twenty-First Century Africa. Beginning with an overview of the roots of Pentecostalism in Southern Africa, the book moves on to identify a current "fourth" wave of this form of Christianity. It sets out the factors that have given rise to this movement and then offers the first academic evaluation of its theology and practice. Positive aspects as well as extreme or negative practices are all identified in order to give a balanced and nuanced assessment of this religious group and allow the reader to gain valuable insight into how it interacts with wider African society. This book is cutting-edge look at an emerging form of one of the fastest-growing religions in the world. It will, therefore, be of great use to scholars working in Pentecostalism, Theology, Religious Studies and African Religion as well as African Studies more generally.
Fox: negocios a la sombra del poder
by Raúl Olmos Valeria DuránUn libro explosivo de periodismo de denuncia que revela los negocios de un gestor de lujo ante el gobierno federal. Desde los primeros años de su presidencia, Vicente Fox estuvo en el centro del huracán mediático, y no sólo por sus fallidas reformas políticas o sus célebres tropiezos verbales. Su nombre ha estado implicado en diversas investigaciones por tráfico de influencias y conflicto de intereses. Tal como lo demuestra aquí Raúl Olmos, el mismo personaje bravucón que prometía terminar con las "víboras prietas y tepocatas", usó el poder Ejecutivo para asegurar su futuro. Antes de llegar a Los Pinos, Fox afrontaba una situación económica familiar muy adversa. Sin embargo, como se documenta a lo largo de estas páginas, muchas de las acciones que llevó a cabo durante su sexenio respondieron no sólo a fines gubernamentales, sino a una estrategia para resarcir su patrimonio personal. Tras su administración, Fox siguió haciendo negocios a la sombra del poder, diversificando sus ingresos como empresario y convirtiéndose en un cabildero de lujo que ha recibido millones de dólares por su labor como intermediario para inversionistas extranjeros. Así, a partir de un riguroso ejercicio periodístico, este libro sigue la opaca ruta de la prosperidad del ex mandatario, que lo mismo ha incursionado en negocios inmobiliarios, de transporte, agropecuarios y hasta petroleros. A pesar de lo anterior, el llamado presidente de la alternancia ha insistido en defender su pensión de 205 mil pesos mensuales#
Fox Is Framed: A Leo Maxwell Mystery (The Leo Maxwell Mysteries #3)
by Lachlan SmithLachlan Smith won great critical acclaim for his first novel in the Leo Maxwell series, Bear Is Broken, a Shamus Award finalist and a Kirkus Reviews best book of the year that William Bernhardt called "one of the best debuts I’ve read in years.” The second Leo Maxwell mystery, Lion Plays Rough, continued the story, and now, in the utterly suspenseful Fox Is Framed, Smith confronts anew the drama that has haunted Leo-and his recently brain-damaged elder brother, Teddy-since childhood. Faced with evidence of stunning prosecutorial misconduct, a San Francisco judge has ordered a new trial for the Maxwell brothers’ father, Lawrence, who was convicted of killing their mother twenty-one years before. A prison snitch soon turns up dead, with Lawrence the only suspect, and Leo teams up with hotshot attorney Nina Schuyler to defend Lawrence against murder charges both old and new. Working the streets while Nina handles the action in the courtroom, Leo is forced to confront the darkness at the center of his life as he follows a trail of corruption and danger that leads to the very steps of City Hall. A tense, twist-filled courtroom procedural, Fox Is Framed barrels toward an unexpected conclusion, as Leo struggles to do right both by the law and his blood.
Fracking the Neighborhood: Reluctant Activists and Natural Gas Drilling (Urban and Industrial Environments)
by Jessica Smartt GullionWhat happens when natural gas drilling moves into an urban area: how communities in North Texas responded to the environmental and health threats of fracking.When natural gas drilling moves into an urban or a suburban neighborhood, a two-hundred-foot-high drill appears on the other side of a back yard fence and diesel trucks clog a quiet two-lane residential street. Children seem to be having more than the usual number of nosebleeds. There are so many local cases of cancer that the elementary school starts a cancer support group. In this book, Jessica Smartt Gullion examines what happens when natural gas extraction by means of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” takes place not on wide-open rural land but in a densely populated area with homes, schools, hospitals, parks, and businesses. Gullion focuses on fracking in the Barnett Shale, the natural-gas–rich geological formation under the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. She gives voice to the residents—for the most part educated, middle class, and politically conservative—who became reluctant anti-drilling activists in response to perceived environmental and health threats posed by fracking.Gullion offers an overview of oil and gas development and describes the fossil-fuel culture of Texas, the process of fracking, related health concerns, and regulatory issues (including the notorious “Halliburton loophole”). She chronicles the experiences of community activists as they fight to be heard and to get the facts about the safety of fracking.Touted as a greener alternative and a means to reduce dependence on foreign oil, natural gas development is an important part of American energy policy. Yet, as this book shows, it comes at a cost to the local communities who bear the health and environmental burdens.
The Fracturing of the American Corporate Elite
by Mark S. MizruchiIn the aftermath of a financial crisis marked by bank-friendly bailouts and loosening campaign finance restrictions, a chorus of critics warns that business leaders have too much influence over American politics. Mark Mizruchi worries about the ways they exert too little. The Fracturing of the American Corporate Elite advances the surprising argument that American CEOs, seemingly more powerful today than ever, have abrogated the key leadership role they once played in addressing national challenges, with grave consequences for American society. Following World War II, American business leaders observed an ethic of civic responsibility and enlightened self-interest. Steering a course of moderation and pragmatism, they accepted the legitimacy of organized labor and federal regulation of the economy and offered support, sometimes actively, as Congress passed legislation to build the interstate highway system, reduce discrimination in hiring, and provide a safety net for the elderly and needy. In the 1970s, however, faced with inflation, foreign competition, and growing public criticism, corporate leaders became increasingly confrontational with labor and government. As they succeeded in taming their opponents, business leaders paradoxically undermined their ability to act collectively. The acquisition wave of the 1980s created further pressures to focus on shareholder value and short-term gain rather than long-term problems facing their country. Todayâe(tm)s corporate elite is a fragmented, ineffectual group that is unwilling to tackle the big issues, despite unprecedented wealth and political clout. Mizruchiâe(tm)s sobering assessment of the dissolution of Americaâe(tm)s business class helps explain the polarization and gridlock that stifle U. S. politics.
Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin
by Ben Judah&“A beautifully written and very lively study of Russia that argues that the political order created by Vladimir Putin is stagnating&” (Financial Times). From Kaliningrad on the Baltic to the Russian Far East, journalist Ben Judah has traveled throughout Russia and the former Soviet republics, conducting extensive interviews with President Vladimir Putin&’s friends, foes, and colleagues, government officials, business tycoons, mobsters, and ordinary Russian citizens. Fragile Empire is the fruit of Judah&’s thorough research: A probing assessment of Putin&’s rise to power and what it has meant for Russia and her people. Despite a propaganda program intent on maintaining the cliché of stability, Putin&’s regime was suddenly confronted in December 2011 by a highly public protest movement that told a different side of the story. Judah argues that Putinism has brought economic growth to Russia but also weaker institutions, and this contradiction leads to instability. The author explores both Putin&’s successes and his failed promises, taking into account the impact of a new middle class and a new generation, the Internet, social activism, and globalization on the president&’s impending leadership crisis. Can Russia avoid the crisis of Putinism? Judah offers original and up-to-the-minute answers. &“[A] dynamic account of the rise (and fall-in-progress) of Russian President Vladimir Putin.&” —Publishers Weekly &“[Judah] shuttles to and fro across Russia&’s vast terrain, finding criminals, liars, fascists and crooked politicians, as well as the occasional saintly figure.&” —The Economist &“His lively account of his remote adventures forms the most enjoyable part of Fragile Empire, and puts me in mind of Chekhov&’s famous 1890 journey to Sakhalin Island.&” —The Guardian
Fragile Finitude: A Jewish Hermeneutical Theology
by Michael FishbaneThe world we engage with is a vibrant collage brought to consciousness by language and our creative imagination. It is through the symbolic forms of language that the human world of value is revealed—this is where religious scholar Michael Fishbane dwells in his latest contribution to Jewish thought. In Fragile Finitude, Fishbane clears new ground for a theological life through a novel reinterpretation of the Book of Job. On this basis, he offers a contemporary engagement with the four classical types of Jewish Scriptural exegesis. The first focuses on worldly experience, the second on communal forms of practice and thought in the rabbinical tradition, the third on personal development, and the fourth on transcendent, cosmic orientations. Through these four modes, Fishbane manages to transform Jewish theology from within, at once reinvigorating a long tradition and moving beyond it. What he offers is nothing short of a way to reorient our lives in relation to the divine and our fellow humans. Written from within the Jewish tradition, Fragile Finitude is intended for readers across the religious spectrum.
Fragile Hope: Seeking Justice for Hate Crimes in India (South Asia in Motion)
by Sandhya FuchsAgainst the backdrop of the global Black Lives Matter movement, debates around the social impact of hate crime legislation have come to the political fore. In 2019, the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice urgently asked how legal systems can counter bias and discrimination. In India, a nation with vast socio-cultural diversity, and a complex colonial past, questions about the relationship between law and histories of oppression have become particularly pressing. Recently, India has seen a rise in violence against Dalits (ex-untouchables) and other minorities. Consequently, an emerging "Dalit Lives Matter" movement has campaigned for the effective implementation of India's only hate crime law: the 1989 Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes Prevention of Atrocities Act (PoA). Drawing on long-term fieldwork with Dalit survivors of caste atrocities, human rights NGOs, police, and judiciary, Sandhya Fuchs unveils how Dalit communities in the state of Rajasthan interpret and mobilize the PoA. Fuchs shows that the PoA has emerged as a project of legal meliorism: the idea that persistent and creative legal labor can gradually improve the oppressive conditions that characterize Dalit lives. Moving beyond statistics and judicial arguments, Fuchs uses the intimate lens of personal narratives to lay bare how legal processes converge and conflict with political and gendered concerns about justice for caste atrocities, creating new controversies, inequalities, and hopes.
The Fragile Middle Class: Americans in Debt
by Teresa A. Sullivan Elizabeth Warren Jay Lawrence WestbrookThis book is about the middle class as viewed through the lens of bankruptcy. Since 1997, the number of American families filing for federal bankruptcy annually has exceeded one million. By most measures, those who file are members of the middle class -- a group that has long provided stability and vitality for the American economic system. This raises the troubling question: why, during the most remarkable period of prosperity in our history, are unprecedented numbers of Americans encountering such serious financial trouble?The authors of this important book analyze court records and demographic data on thousands of bankruptcy cases, as well as debtors' own poignant accounts of the reasons for their bankruptcies. For many middle-class Americans, the findings show, financial stability is fragile -- almost any setback can be disastrous. The erosion of job stability, divorce and family instability, the visible and invisible costs of medical care, the burden of home ownership, and the staggering weight of consumer debt financed with plastic combine to threaten the financial security of growing numbers of middle-class families. The authors view the bankruptcy process in the light of changing cultural and economic factors and consider what this may signify for the future of a large, secure, and dynamic middle class.
Fragile Moralities and Dangerous Sexualities: Two Centuries of Semi-Penal Institutionalisation for Women
by Alana BartonIn this book Alana Barton explores the social control and disciplining of unruly and 'deviant' women from the early nineteenth century to the present day. Her particular focus is the 'semi penal' institution, a category that includes refuges, reformatories and homes. She suggests that these occupy a unique position within the social control 'continuum', somewhere between the formal regulation of the prison and the informal control of the 'community' or domestic sphere, but at the same time incorporating methods of discipline from both arenas. The book draws on Dr Barton's extensive fieldwork at one such institution, currently a women's bail and probation hostel, which opened as a reformatory in 1823. Barton begins by examining the ideological and social conditions underpinning the creation of this institution, deconstructing the dominant feminising discourses around domesticity, respectability, motherhood, sexuality and pathology that were mobilised to categorise and control its nineteenth-century residents. She goes on to discuss the contemporary experiences of women within the hostel and their strategies for coping with or resisting the disciplinary regimes and discourses imposed upon them. Her analysis reveals that many of the discourses used to characterise and discipline women in reformatories during the nineteenth century continue to be utilised for the same purpose in a probation hostel nearly two hundred years later. She also reveals that the distribution of power in institutions is not fixed, but can be subtly negotiated and redistributed. Concluding with an examination of current developments in community punishments for women, this book will make a significant contribution to the literature around alternatives to custody for female offenders by strongly challenging contemporary debates liberal, critical and feminist around ’appropriate’ and relevant penal policy for women.
Fragile Rights: Disability, Public Policy, and Social Change
by Anne RevillardThe French version of this book was the winner of the 2022 Grand Prix de la Protection Sociale. Over the years many disability-related rights have been legally recognized, but how has this changed the everyday lives of people with disabilities? Drawing on biographical interviews collected from individuals with mobility or visual impairments in France, this book analyses the reception of disability policies in the fields of education, employment, social rights and accessibility. It examines to what extent these policies contribute to the realization of associated rights among disabled people. The book demonstrates that the rights associated with disability suffer from major implementation flaws, while shedding light on the very active role of disabled citizens in the realization of their rights.
The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy
by Martha C. NussbaumThis book is a study of ancient views about "moral luck. " It examines the fundamental ethical problem that many of the valued constituents of a well-lived life are vulnerable to factors outside a person's control, and asks how this affects our appraisal of persons and their lives. The Greeks made a profound contribution to these questions, yet neither the problems nor the Greek views of them have received the attention they deserve. This updated edition contains a new preface.
The Fragility of Law: Constitutional Patriotism and the Jews of Belgium, 1940–1945
by David FraserThe Fragility of Law examines the ways in which, during the Second World War, the Belgian government and judicial structure became implicated in the identification, exclusion and killing of its Jewish residents, and in the theft - through Aryanization - of Jewish property. David Fraser demonstrates how a series of political and legal compromises meant that the infrastructure for antisemitic persecutions and ultimately the deaths of thousands of Belgian Jews was Belgian. Based on extensive archival research in Belgium, France, the United States and Israel, The Fragility of Law offers the first detailed exploration in English of this intriguing and virtually unexplored episode of Holocaust history. Belgian legal officials did not hesitate to invoke the provisions of international law found in the Hague Convention and those guarantees of individual freedom found in the national Constitution to oppose the demands of the German Occupying Authority. However, they remained largely silent when anti-Jewish persecution was at stake. Indeed, despite the 2007 official report of expert historians on Belgian state collaboration in the persecution of the country’s Jewish population, the mythology of "passive collaboration" which has dominated Belgian historiography and accounts of the Holocaust in that country, must be radically rethought.
Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed: Analyzing the Role of PTA-DSMs Based on Their Adjudication of General Exception Clauses (European Yearbook of International Economic Law #32)
by Patrick WasilczykThis book provides innovative and empirically based insights into the ongoing debate on the fragmentation of international trade law. It offers the reader a much-needed doctrinal overview of the different approaches to the issue of fragmentation and reveals their inherent methodological advantages and limitations. On this basis, the book then approaches the issue of fragmentation from an empirical standpoint by applying a novel dataset on Preferential Trade Agreements’ Dispute Settlement Mechanisms (PTA-DSMs), which have been used to adjudicate general exception clauses within the context of the individual PTA Members’ obligation to liberalize trade in goods. Although the results remain limited to the single issue of PTA-DSM adjudication for liberalization of trade in goods, they are indicative of key misconceptions regarding the fragmentation of ITL. As the findings confirm, the PTA-DSMs assessed have ultimately come to equivalent decisions, taking into consideration their overall use, the nature of the legal commitments embedded in the respective PTAs, and the economic wellbeing of the respective PTA partners. The book reveals the influence of specific PTA-DSMs on other PTA-DSMs and thereby paves the way for legal unification, rather than fragmentation.
Fragmentation vs the Constitutionalisation of International Law: A Practical Inquiry (Routledge Research in International Law)
by Andrzej Jakubowski Karolina WierczyńskaThe current system of international law is experiencing profound transformations. Indeed, the simultaneous processes of globalization combined with the disintegration of international systems of governance and law-making pose complex challenges for legal scholarship. The doctrinal response to these challenges has been theorized within two seemingly contradictory discourses in international law: fragmentation and constitutionalisation. This book takes an innovative approach to international law, viewing the processes of the fragmentation and constitutionalisation as being profoundly interconnected and reflective of each other. It brings together a select group of contributors, including both established and emerging scholars and practitioners, in order to explore the ways in which the problems of fragmentation and constitutionalisation are viscerally linked one to the other and thus mutually conditioning and stimulating. The book considers the theory and practice of international law looking at the two phenomena in relation to the various fields of international law such as international criminal law, cultural heritage law and international environmental law.