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Gendered Morality: Classical Islamic Ethics of the Self, Family, and Society
by Zahra M. AyubiIslamic scriptural sources offer potentially radical notions of equality. Yet medieval Islamic philosophers chose to establish a hierarchical, male-centered virtue ethics. In Gendered Morality, Zahra Ayubi rethinks the tradition of Islamic philosophical ethics from a feminist critical perspective. She calls for a philosophical turn in the study of gender in Islam based on resources for gender equality that are unlocked by feminist engagement with the Islamic ethical tradition.Developing a lens for a feminist philosophy of Islam, Ayubi analyzes constructions of masculinity, femininity, and gender relations in classic works of philosophical ethics. In close readings of foundational texts by Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali, Nasir-ad Din Tusi, and Jalal ad-Din Davani, she interrogates how these thinkers conceive of the ethical human being as an elite male within a hierarchical cosmology built on the exclusion of women and nonelites. Yet in the course of prescribing ethical behavior, the ethicists speak of complex gendered and human relations that contradict their hierarchies. Their metaphysical premises about the nature of the divine, humanity, and moral responsibility indicate a potential egalitarian core. Gendered Morality offers a vital and disruptive new perspective on patriarchal Islamic ethics and metaphysics, showing the ways in which the philosophical tradition can support the aims of gender justice and human flourishing.
Gendered Politics and Law in Jordan
by Afaf JabiriThis book analyzes how the state constructs and reproduces gender identities in the context and geopolitics of Jordan. It addresses the relevance of the state and its web of relations in understanding the politics of gender in the Middle East, rather than a cultural or religious explanation for women's subjugation. Guardianship over women is examined as not only the basis of women's legal and social subordination, but also a key factor in the construction and reproduction of a gender hierarchy system. The author probes how a masculine state gives power and legitimacy through guardianship to institutions-including family, religion, and tribe-in managing, producing, and constructing gender identity. Does the masculine institution succeed in imposing a dominant form of femininity? Or are there ways by which women escape and resist the social and legal construction of femininity? Based on over 60 case studies of contemporary women in Jordan, the book additionally examines how the resultant strategies and tactics developed by women in Jordan are influenced by and affect their status within the guardianship system.
Gendered Risks
by Pat O'Malley Kelly Hannah-MoffatEdited and contributed to by a collection of eminent international scholars in the field, this is the first book to explore the gendered aspects of risk. It analyzes what is currently known and identifies some of the new directions and challenges for research and theory that emerge from thinking of risk as a governmental technique; as a form of consciousness and action and as a political issue, shaped by, and shaping gender in contemporary society.
Gendering Criminology: Crime and Justice Today
by Shelly Clevenger Jordana N. NavarroGendering Criminology provides a contemporary guide for understanding the role of gender in criminal engagement and experiences as well as reactions to these offenses among laypersons and agents of social control. The textbook provides evidence for the argument that gender socially situates people in their risks for criminal engagement, victimization, and what occurs in the aftermath of crime: arrest, the judicial process, and sentencing. Aside from investigating the role of men and women, the authors also explore the experiences of LGBTQIA+ communities involved in or working within the criminal-legal system. The volume provides a comprehensive account of various offenses—violent and nonviolent—and individual motivations, drives, and methods, to help students develop the skills they need to work as professionals in and around the criminal-legal system. Key features: Applies theoretical concepts to real-life applications, media bytes, and case studiesIncludes new and timely information regarding gender and online victimizationProvides an overview of each topic within eleven chapters, delving into the literature in each areaPromotes active learning activities in each chapter to fully immerse and engage students in the material
Gendering Modern Jewish Thought (New Jewish Philosophy and Thought)
by Andrea Dara CooperThe idea of brotherhood has been an important philosophical concept for understanding community, equality, and justice. In Gendering Modern Jewish Thought, Andrea Dara Cooper offers a gendered reading that challenges the key figures of the all-male fraternity of twentieth-century Jewish philosophy to open up to the feminine.Cooper offers a feminist lens, which when applied to thinkers such as Franz Rosenzweig and Emmanuel Levinas, reveals new ways of illuminating questions of relational ethics, embodiment, politics, and positionality. She shows that patriarchal kinship as models of erotic love, brotherhood, and paternity are not accidental in Jewish philosophy, but serve as norms that have excluded women and non-normative individuals.Gendering Modern Jewish Thought suggests these fraternal models do real damage and must be brought to account in more broadly humanistic frameworks. For Cooper, a more responsible and ethical reading of Jewish philosophy comes forward when it is opened to the voices of mothers, sisters, and daughters.
Gendering the International Asylum and Refugee Debate
by Jane FreedmanThis study provides a comprehensive account of the situation of women refugees globally and explains how they differ from men. It looks at causes of refugee flows, international laws and conventions and their application, the policies and legislation of Western governments, and lived experiences of the refugees themselves.
Genderneutrale Sprache im Unternehmen: Zwischen unternehmerischem Können und arbeitsrechtlichem Dürfen (essentials)
by Daniel Graewe Mike BogenseeGender – kaum ein aktuelles Thema emotionalisiert die Gesellschaft derzeit mehr. Durch die breite Thematisierung der Gender Studies und deren gesellschaftlicher Polarisierung war es nur eine Frage der Zeit, bis die Diskussion auch in die unternehmerische Wirklichkeit vordringen würde. Und in der Tat findet sich das Thema, insbesondere bei Großunternehmen, die in der Öffentlichkeit stehen, auf der Agenda wieder. Obwohl Gendersprache von einer großen Mehrheit der Gesellschaft abgelehnt wird, plant mehr als die Hälfte der im DAX vertretenen Unternehmen die Einführung einer solchen Sprachregelung. Wo genderneutrale Sprache bislang eingeführt worden ist, ist dies auf freiwilliger Basis erfolgt. Die Erfahrung zeigt jedoch, dass es nur eine Frage der Zeit sein wird, bis die ersten Unternehmen von einer verpflichtenden Sprachregelung Gebrauch machen werden. Dies wirft zahlreiche rechtliche Frage- und Problemstellungen auf, denen sich das vorliegende Werk annimmt.
Gene Editing, Law, and the Environment: Life Beyond the Human (Law, Science and Society)
by Irus BravermanTechnologies like CRISPR and gene drives are ushering in a new era of genetic engineering, wherein the technical means to modify DNA are cheaper, faster, more accurate, more widely accessible, and with more far-reaching effects than ever before. These cutting-edge technologies raise legal, ethical, cultural, and ecological questions that are so broad and consequential for both human and other-than-human life that they can be difficult to grasp. What is clear, however, is that the power to directly alter not just a singular form of life but also the genetics of entire species and thus the composition of ecosystems is currently both inadequately regulated and undertheorized. In Gene Editing, Law, and the Environment, distinguished scholars from law, the life sciences, philosophy, environmental studies, science and technology studies, animal health, and religious studies examine what is at stake with these new biotechnologies for life and law, both human and beyond.
The Gene, the Clinic, and the Family: Diagnosing Dysmorphology, Reviving Medical Dominance (Genetics and Society)
by Joanna LatimerWhile some theorists argue that medicine is caught in a relentless process of ‘geneticization’ and others offer a thesis of biomedicalization, there is still little research that explores how these effects are accomplished in practice. Joanna Latimer, whose groundbreaking ethnography on acute medicine gave us the social science classic The Conduct of Care, moves her focus from the bedside to the clinic in this in-depth study of genetic medicine. Against current thinking that proselytises the rise of laboratory science, Professor Latimer shows how the genetic clinic is at the heart of the revolution in the new genetics. Tracing how work on the abnormal in an embryonic genetic science, dysmorphology, is changing our thinking about the normal, The Gene, the Clinic, and the Family charts new understandings about family, procreation and choice. Far from medicine experiencing the much-proclaimed ‘death of the clinic’, this book shows how medicine is both reasserting its status as a science and revitalising its dominance over society, not only for now but for societies in the future. This book will appeal to students, scholars and professionals interested in medical sociology, science and technology studies, the anthropology of science, medical science and genetics, as well as genetic counselling.
Genealogies of Legal Vision
by Peter Goodrich Valérie HayaertIt was the classical task of legal rhetoric to make law both seen and understood. These conjoint goals came to be separated and opposed in modernity and a degree of blindness ensued. Legal reason was increasingly deemed to be a purely textual enterprise. Against this constraint and in furtherance of an incipient visual turn in legal studies, Genealogies of Legal Vision seeks to revive the classical ars iuris and to this end traces the history of regimes of visual control. Law always relied in significant measure upon the use of visual representations, upon pictures, architecture, costume and statuary to convey authority and sovereign norm. Military, religious, administrative and legal insignia found juridical codification and expression in collections of signs of office, in heraldic codes, in genealogical devices, and then finally in the juridical invention in the mid-sixteenth century of the legal emblem book. Genealogies of Legal Vision traces the complex lineage of the legal emblem and argues that the mens emblematica of the humanist lawyers was the inauguration of a visiocratic regime that continues into the multiple new technologies and novel media of contemporary governance. Bringing together leading experts on the history and art of legal emblems this collection provides a ground-breaking account of the long relationship between visibility, meaning and normativity.
The Genealogy of Morals (Dover Thrift Editions)
by Friedrich NietzscheWritten in response to a book on the origins of morality by his erstwhile friend Paul Rée, the three essays comprising The Genealogy of Morals -- all three advancing the critique of Christian morality set forth in Beyond Good and Evil -- are among Nietzsche's most sustained and cohesive work.In the first essay -- starting from a linguistic analysis of words such as "good," "bad," and "evil" -- Nietzsche sets up a contrast between what he calls "master" morality and "slave" morality and shows how strength and action have often been replaced by passivity and nihilism. The next essay, looking into the origins of guilt and punishment, shows how the concept of justice was born -- and how internalization of this concept led to the development of what people called "the soul." In the third essay, Nietzsche dissects the meaning of ascetic ideals.It is not Nietzsche's intention to reject ascetic ideals, "slave" morality, or internalized values out of hand; his main concern is to show that culture and morality, rather than being eternal verities, are human-made. Whether or not you agree with all of his conclusions, his writing is of such clarity and brilliance that you will find reading The Genealogy of Morals nothing short of exhilarating.
A Genealogy of Public Security: The Theory and History of Modern Police Powers
by Giuseppe CampesiThere are many histories of the police as a law-enforcement institution, but no genealogy of the police as a form of power. This book provides a genealogy of modern police by tracing the evolution of "police science" and of police institutions in Europe, from the ancien régime to the early 19th century. Drawing on the theoretical path outlined by Michel Foucault at the crossroads between historical sociology, critical legal theory and critical criminology, it shows how the development of police power was an integral part of the birth of the modern state’s governmental rationalities and how police institutions were conceived as political technologies for the government and social disciplining of populations. Understanding the modern police not as an institution at the service of the judiciary and the law, but as a complex political technology for governing the economic and social processes typical of modern capitalist societies, this book shows how the police have played an active role in actually shaping order, rather than merely preserving it.
The Genealogy of Terror: How to distinguish between Islam, Islamism and Islamist Extremism (Law and Religion)
by Matthew L. WilkinsonIn the first two decades of the twenty-first century, the events of 9/11, 7/7, the War on Terror and the Caliphate and atrocities of the so-called Islamic State have dominated Western consciousness and wreaked havoc in parts of the Muslim-majority world. In their wake, a spate of books has been written explaining the phenomenon of Islamist radicalisation and Jihadism. Nevertheless, for normal citizens, as well as scholars of religion and legal professionals, the crucial question remains unanswered: how is mainstream Islam different from both Islamism and the Islamist Extremism that is used to justify terrorist violence? In this highly original book, which draws upon the author’s experience as an expert witness in Islamic theology in 27 counter-terrorism trials, the author uses the idea of the Worldview, as well as traditional Islamic theology, to answer this question. The book explains not only what Mainstream Islam, Ideological Islamism and Islamist Extremism are in their broad philosophical characteristics and theological particulars, but also explains comprehensively how and why they are both superficially related and yet essentially and fundamentally different. In so doing, the book also illuminates the cast of characters and the development of their ideas that constitute Mainstream Islam, Ideological Islamism and the Non-Violent and Violent Islamist Extremists who constitute the Genealogy of Terror.
Genealogy Standards
by Board for Certification of GenealogistsHow do family historians know they are producing or receiving trustworthy results? This official manual from the Board of Certification for Genealogists, essentially a users' guide for family historians, provides standards for genealogical researchers to assess their own and others' work. <p><p>The revised second edition increases the clarity of DNA and privacy standards. Those standards are especially useful in the twenty-first century, when many genealogists use a complex new tool―DNA testing―and trace living people more often than they did in the past.
Geneaology of Morals
by Friedrich NietzscheMajor work on ethics, by one of the most influential thinkers of the last two centuries, deals with master/slave morality and modern man's current moral practices; the evolution of man's feelings of guilt and bad conscience; and how ascetic ideals help maintain human life under certain conditions.
General Average: Law and Practice (Lloyd's Shipping Law Library)
by Francis RoseAn account of the underlying law and the practical rules which govern the adjustment of rights and liabilities between parties to a maritime adventure when extraordinary measures have been incurred for the benefit of the common adventure. The third edition incorporates international case law developments to bring the text up to date and analyses the revision of the basic practical rules underlying general average adjustment internationally. It is essential for all those involved with maritime affairs to understand the implications of these new rules and how they fit with existing law and practice.
General Aviation Law (Third Edition)
by Jerry A. EichenbergerFully revised throughout, General Aviation Law, Third Edition, is an essential legal guide for those who work in aviation, including mechanics, pilots, aircraft owners, and aviation business owners. This practical reference answers all questions regarding aviation law in understandable layperson's terms.
General Aviation Security: Aircraft, Hangars, Fixed-Base Operations, Flight Schools, and Airports
by Ph.D, Daniel BennyAfter 9/11, the initial focus from the U.S. government, media, and the public was on security at commercial airports and aboard commercial airlines. Soon, investigation revealed the hijackers had trained at flight schools operating out of general aviation airports, leading to a huge outcry by the media and within the government to mandate security
General Defences in Criminal Law: Domestic and Comparative Perspectives (Substantive Issues in Criminal Law)
by Alan Reed Michael BohlanderThe law relating to general defences is one of the most important areas in the criminal law, yet the current state of the law in the United Kingdom reveals significant problems in the adoption of a consistent approach to their doctrinal and theoretical underpinnings, as exemplified by a number of recent developments in legislation and case law. A coherent and joined-up approach is still missing. This volume provides an analysis of the main contentious areas in British law, and proposes ways forward for reform. The collection includes contributions from leading experts across various jurisdictions. Part I examines the law in the United Kingdom, with specialist contributions on Irish and Scottish law. Part II consists of contributions by authors from a number of foreign jurisdictions, all written to a common research grid for maximum comparability, which provide a wider background of how other legal systems treat problems relating to general defences in the context of the criminal law, and which may serve as points of reference for domestic law reform.
The General Exception Clauses of the Trips Agreement
by Edson Beas Rodrigues Jr.The general exception clauses of the TRIPS Agreement of the World Trade Organization permit exceptions to copyrights and to the rights conferred by trademarks, industrial designs and patents. These clauses are intended to facilitate access to diverse forms of proprietary knowledge and therefore foster the interdependent pillars of sustainable development: economic progress, realization of human rights and the conservation of the environment. In this book, Edson Beas Rodrigues, Jr argues that the TRIPS Agreement, in its current configuration, does not hinder the establishment of exceptions to intellectual property rights, devised to promote vital socioeconomic interests such as the freedom to carry out creative and inventive activities, freedom of expression, the strengthening of free competition, and increased access to educational materials by underprivileged students and to technical knowledge for humanitarian purposes.
General Interests of Host States in International Investment Law
by Giorgio Sacerdoti Pia Acconci Mara Valenti Anna De Luca Giorgio Sacerdoti Pia Acconci Mara ValentiSignatory States have the right to take action in order to maintain their financial stability, stimulate economic development or further their non-economic interests (such as health, the environment and food security). However, such measures can potentially conflict with the rights of foreign investors. Regulators and policy makers must take States' international commitments toward foreign investors into account when making decisions. They must also avoid resorting to protectionism in drafting new treaties. With this tension in mind, this book offers a balanced reappraisal of bilateral treaties and regional agreements on foreign investments. The sensitive issues are examined in the light of the case law of arbitral investment tribunals and other international courts, and the analysis highlights how cross-fertilisation between trade and investment can assist in resolving conflicts.
General Principles in the Risale-i Nur Collection for a True Understanding of Islam
by Ali UnalTheRisale-i Nur Collection is full of "general principles," not only related to the Islamic Jurisprudence but also to all the fields of Islam or Islamic life and Islamic branches of knowledge. Based on or specially favored with profound wisdom having its source in the Divine Wisdom or the Divine Name of the All-Wise, the Risale-i Nur Collection contains numerous principles, precepts, or maxims which are standards or brilliant criteria enabling people to think, believe, and live according to Islam, and to evaluate and judge things and events in Islam&’s light. They also provide people with the essentials or basic principles on which the branches of Islamic knowledge and Islamic science are based. Thus, we have tried to collect many of these principles in this book under certain titles, and in certain parts or sections according to the fields of thought and branches of knowledge to which they have a greater relevance.
General Principles of Law - The Role of the Judiciary
by Laura PineschiThis book examines the role played by domestic and international judges in the "flexibilization" of legal systems through general principles. It features revised papers that were presented at the Annual Conference of the European-American Consortium for Legal Education, held at the University of Parma, Italy, May 2014. This volume is organized in four sections, where the topic is mainly explored from a comparative perspective, and includes case studies. The first section covers theoretical issues. It offers an analysis of principles in shaping Dworkin's theories about international law, a reflection on the role of procedural principles in defining the role of the judiciary, a view on the role of general principles in transnational judicial communication, a study on the recognition of international law from formal criteria to substantive principles, and an inquiry from the viewpoint of neo-constitutionalism. The second section contains studies on the role of general principles in selected legal systems, including International Law, European Union Law as well as Common Law systems. The third section features an analysis of select legal principles in a comparative perspective, with a particular focus on the comparison between European and American experiences. The fourth and last section explores selected principles in given areas of law, including the misuse of the lex specialis principle in the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law, the role of the judiciary in Poland as regards discrimination for sexual orientation, and the impact of the ECtHR case law on Italian criminal law with regard to the principle of legality. Overall, the book offers readers a thoughtful reflection on how the interpretation, application, and development of general principles of law by the judiciary contribute to the evolution of legal systems at both the domestic and international levels as well as further their reciprocal interactions.
General Principles of Thai Criminal Law
by Alessandro StasiThis book is centered around the major issues relating to criminal law in Thailand and aims to offer a detailed and systematic overview of the Thai criminal justice system. It is designed as a traditional textbook of criminal law which provides a succinct focused coverage of all the relevant aspects of laws, judgments, and legal reforms in a concise and readable form. Although all topics have been previously treated in the Thai language, this is the first and most comprehensive work in the English language about Thai criminal law. The book covers not only the legal system, starting from the Penal Code of 1908 and emphasizing the substantial changes that have been introduced in the past decades, but also the deep influence of doctrine and case law. It is built up in several layers, starting from the general rule, to gradually examine the more specific ones. The book begins with the elementary legal concepts to be learned by the reader, by defining the fundamental principles underlying the Thai criminal system and outlining its objectives. It then extensively describes the main offences under the Thai Penal Code and classifies those breaches of law which are crimes from those which are merely illegal without being criminal.
General Reference Architecture Frameworks (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #73)
by Octavian IordacheStudying high complexity projects implementation is the object of this book. Multiple interactions and emergences are the core of higher complexity and of associated models and projects. The starting point of our approach is the observed similarity or isomorphism of roadmaps toward higher complexity and of reference architectures for different domains of reality. The objective is to propose a General Polytopic Roadmaps (GPTR) and a General Reference Architecture Framework (GRAF) and use these for 8D Program implementation. The GPTR shows the stages: 0D, 1D, 2D, 4D, and 8D. The book is divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the GRAF as a 4D of 4D polytope. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role for the dialogue of processes in duality, of the logic of contradiction, of iteration and of included middle to face high complexity. Chapter 3 refers to operations and equipments of engineering interest as permutations, mixings and separations. Chapter 4 refers to modeling and simulation. Chapter 5 concerns creative design models. Dual process design, and processes integration are presented. Industry 4.0, future developments to Industry 8.0 and chemical engineering paradigms are evaluated in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 focuses on complex systems as production systems of systems architecture frameworks, decision models, operations processes, and cyber-physical social systems. Chapter 8 discusses implementation of high complexity projects for different levels of reality. The book is useful to engineers, researchers, entrepreneurs, and students in different branches of production, science, and engineering of high complexity.