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Implementation of EU Readmission Agreements
by Sergio CarreraBy examining the implementation dynamics of EU Readmission Agreements (EURAs), this book addresses the practical reasons why irregular immigrants cannot be expelled. EURAs are one of the vital legal instruments framing EU external migration law with regard to the expulsion of irregular immigrants, yet their implementation has met with various obstacles. Above all, the process of determining an individual s legal identity has proven to be one of the most controversial aspects in the implementation of EURAs. The analysis shows that the process of identifying who is whose national in the context of readmission creates two existential dilemmas: first from the perspective of the sovereignty of third countries of origin and the legal standards laid out in international instruments as regards states powers in determining nationality, and second regarding the agency of the individual as a holder of fundamental human rights. How do the EURAs deal with or aim at alleviating these identity determination dilemmas? The book provides a comparative analysis of the administrative procedures and rules envisaged by EURAs aimed at proving or presuming the nationality of the persons to be readmitted to their country of origin. It focuses on the ways in which nationality is to be determined or presumed in the scope of the 2010 EURA with Pakistan, and compares it with those foreseen in the EURAs with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cape Verde, Georgia, and Turkey. As such, the book provides a unique and up-to-date study of EURAs and their implementation challenges in the broader context of EU external migration law and policy. "
Implementation of Rights for Crime Victims in Theory and Practice: Lessons from India (Routledge Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice and Procedure)
by Anupama SharmaThere are many different ways in which victims’ rights can be implemented. The implementation pattern may vary depending on the type of rights a jurisdiction offers and the purposes it seeks to achieve via these rights. However, there are a few basic aspects that remain common to the variation in the implementation patterns across jurisdictions. This book provides a theoretical and practical overview of such implementation patterns, their features and underlying differences. It presents theoretical models capturing the different types of implementations of victims’ rights and the purposes that they can achieve. The book also offers a framework comprising the essential aspects involved in implementation of rights such as drafting and presentation, their visibility and accessibility to victims, enforcement of rights in case of breach, and assessment and evaluation of rights to ensure constant monitoring and improvement in implementation. The framework is tested by a sample case study in New Delhi, India, which showcases how the framework can be molded and applied to assess the existing implementation of victims’ rights and the scope for reform. The book will be of interest to those working in the areas of criminal justice, criminal procedure, victimology and human rights.
Implementation of the Data Protection Directive in Relation to Medical Research in Europe
by D. Townend S. Rouille-Mirza J. Wright D. BeyleveldThe Data Protection and Medical Research in Europe: PRIVIREAL series focuses on the 'Privacy in Research Ethics and Law' EC-funded project examining the implementation of Directive 95/46/EC on data protection in relation to medical research and the role of ethics committees in European countries. The series consists of five separate volumes following the complete development of the PRIVIREAL project. This volume relates to the first stage of this project concerning the implementation of the Data Protection Directive, in particular in the area of medical research. It contains reports from 26 European countries on the implementation of the Directive, or the data protection regime, all with a specific focus on issues and questions relating to medical research. Presenting a unique resource for all those involved in data protection, medical research and their implications for each other, this title provides a valuable insight into the actual workings across Europe, including both the New Member States and the Newly Associated Member States.
The Implementation of the EU Services Directive
by Ulrich Stelkens Wolfgang Weiß Michael MirschbergerThe Services Directive is one of the cornerstones for the realization of the EU internal market and is fundamental to economic and legal experts, as well as to the general public. This book analyses in detail the different steps taken by each of the 27 EU Member States in the implementation process of the Services Directive. It provides not only detailed information about the changes in national law adopted by the Member States, but also facilitates a comparison of the different implementation strategies. It gives an insight in the heterogeneity or homogeneity of implementation concepts and shows how European legislation affects legislation that were originally nationally dominated, such as the law of national administration. Valuable for academics interested in European and administrative law and the transposition of European lawmaking into domestic law, as well as for civil servants in ministries, chambers of commerce, local governments and other comparable institutions having to implement the Directive.
The Implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change (Law, Ethics and Governance)
by Vesselin PopovskiIn December 2015, 196 parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, seen as a decisive landmark for global action to stop human- induced climate change. The Paris Agreement will replace the 1997 Kyoto Protocol which expires in 2020, and it creates legally binding obligations on the parties, based on their own bottom-up voluntary commitments to implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The codification of the climate change regime has advanced well, but the implementation of it remains uncertain. This book focuses on the implementation prospects of the Agreement, which is a challenge for all and will require a fully comprehensive burden- sharing framework. Parties need to meet their own NDCs, but also to finance and transfer technology to others who do not have enough. How equity- based and facilitative the process will be, is of crucial importance. The volume examines a broad range of issues including the lessons that can be learnt from the implementation of previous environmental legal regimes, climate policies at national and sub-national levels and whether the implementation mechanisms in the Paris Agreement are likely to be sufficient. Written by leading experts and practitioners, the book diagnoses the gaps and lays the ground for future exploration of implementation options. This collection will be of interest to policy-makers, academics, practitioners, students and researchers focusing on climate change governance.
Implementation of the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines: A Legal and Policy Scan (MARE Publication Series #28)
by Julia Nakamura Ratana Chuenpagdee Svein JentoftThis book provides a transdisciplinary assessment of multiple countries’ legal and policy frameworks vis-à-vis the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication, adopted in 2014 by the Committee on Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Based on an appraisal framework used to facilitate the unpacking of those frameworks, this book collects country experiences and regional perspectives on a range of cross-cutting issues underpinning the protection of the rights and the promotion of justice for small-scale fishers and their communities.This book aims to be the first collection to present a systematic and in-depth assessment of existing national legal and policy frameworks vis-à-vis the SSF Guidelines. This assessment is done through the transdisciplinary and collaborative work of researchers, governments, and civil society organizations for the analysis of the cross-thematic questions, which the contributors of this book aim to address. Firstly, what are the relevant laws and policies that matter for securing rights of small-scale fishers and their communities? How are small-scale fisheries defined by national laws and policies? How are small-scale fisheries treated (i.e., specifically or generally) in these instruments? Are there specific provisions and references to small-scale fisheries or any of its associated terminologies (e.g., artisanal, subsistence, traditional, indigenous)? Secondly, how the relevant instruments address the 8 small-scale fisheries key issues outlined in that rapid appraisal study? What are the strengths and gaps in these instruments? Do they address issues that are not covered by the SSF Guidelines? Do they contribute to clarifying other legal issues that are relevant for sustainable small-scale fisheries? Finally, since the book also aims to explore the accessibility of these legal and policy instruments for those to which they matter the most (the small-scale fishers), the following questions were also considered: What challenges do they face in knowing and understanding the relevant laws and policies in place? Which tools, measures and processes are available in the countries to ensure small-scale fishers can claim for their rights? To what extent judicial courts have recognized and/or granted rights to small-scale fishers?Chapters 11 and 20 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: State Practice of China and Japan (Kobe University Monograph Series in Social Science Research)
by Dai Tamada Keyuan ZouThis book analyses he implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in the light of state practices of China and Japan. The special character of the book can be found in its structure of comparative analysis of the practices of China and Japan in each part. The focus is on historical aspects (Part I), implementation of the UNCLOS (Part II), navigation (Part III), mid-ocean archipelagos (Part IV), the marine environment (Part V), and dispute settlement (Part VI). By taking this approach, the book elucidates a variety of aspects of history, difficulties, problems, and controversies arising from the implementation of the UNCLOS by the two nations. Furthermore, contributors from China and Japan tend to show different perspectives on the UNCLOS, which, by clarifying the need for further debate, are expected to contribute to the continuing cooperation between the academics of the two states.
Implementing a Gender-Based Arts Program for Juvenile Offenders
by Jill Leslie Rosenbaum Shelley SpivackStudies have shown that arts-based programming in juvenile detention settings can be an effective tool in rehabilitating and reintegrating youth who have come into contact with the juvenile justice system. Implementing a Gender-Based Arts Program for Juvenile Offenders focuses on a 2012-2013 program in Flint, Michigan and demonstrates that visual arts and poetry can be used effectively with young people in detention centers to improve self-image, increase confidence, and improve writing skills. Describing the program in detail, including the subjects addressed, the unforeseen pitfalls, and how individual lessons evolved over time, Implementing a Gender-Based Arts Program for Juvenile Offenders combines practical advice with a discussion of current literature on the use of integrating arts in juvenile correctional settings, as well as the literature identifying the need for gender-based programs, to provide guidance to juvenile justice and corrections professionals in their efforts to rehabilitate young people. About the Real-World Criminology Series More than just textbooks, the short books in the Real-World Criminology series are designed to be of interest to particular fields within criminology. They can be policy primers, spurring innovations in policing and corrections, theoretical works dealing with policy implications, or program evaluations incorporating theoretical foundations. Each book covers something that is happening –or should be happening—in the world of criminal justice.
Implementing and Working with the Youth Criminal Justice Act across Canada
by Marc Alain Susan Reid Raymond R. CorradoSince its implementation in 2003, the Youth Criminal Justice Act has been the subject of intense political and scholarly debate. A complicated mixture of provisions intended to provide harsher punishments for serious violent crimes while encouraging positive, non-punitive interventions in less serious cases, its impact on the youth justice system remains controversial.Implementing and Working with the Youth Criminal Justice Act across Canada provides the first comprehensive, province-by-province analysis of how each Canadian jurisdiction has implemented the Act in accordance with its own history, traditions, and institutional arrangements. Drawing on in-depth interviews with probation officers, counselors, educators, and social workers, the contributors use the experiences of practitioners to offer a new analytical perspective on a complicated and contentious aspect of the Canadian justice system. Their conclusions provide vital policy and program information for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers concerned with Canada's youth justice systems.
Implementing Article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
by Sutherland Elaine E. Macfarlane Lesley-Anne BarnesThe UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is acknowledged as a landmark in the development of children's rights. Article 3 makes the child's best interests a primary consideration in all actions concerning children, and requires States Parties to ensure their care and protection. This volume, written by experts in children's rights from a range of jurisdictions, explores the implementation of Article 3 around the world. It opens with a contextual analysis of Article 3, before offering a critique of its implementation in various settings, including parenting, religion, domestic violence and baby switching. Amongst the themes that emerge are the challenges posed by the content of 'best interests', 'welfare' and 'well-being'; the priority to be accorded them; and the legal, socio-economic and other obstacles to legislating for children's rights. This book is essential for all readers who interact with one of the Convention's most fundamental principles.
Implementing Business and Human Rights Norms in Africa: Law And Policy Interventions (Routledge Research in Corporate Law)
by Oyeniyi AbeThis book examines the contemporary and contentious question of the critical connections between business and human rights, and the implementation of socially responsible norms in developing countries, with particular reference to Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa. Business enterprises and transnational corporate actors operate in a complex global environment, especially when operating in high risks sectors such as oil and gas, mining, construction, banking, and health care amongst others. Understanding human rights responsibilities, impacts and socially responsible behaviour for companies is therefore an essential component of corporate risk management in our current world. The release of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, an instrument consisting of 31 principles on this issue, has further underscored the emergence of a rapidly developing set of international law norms on human rights responsibilities of businesses and transnational corporations. It has also shaped the discourse on corporate accountability for human rights. In addition to minimizing litigation, financial and reputational risks, understanding and demonstrating corporate respect for human rights is vital to building a culture of trust and integrity amongst local communities, investors, and shareholders. While Africa has been at the receiving end of deleterious activities of corporate actors, it has failed to address corporate impunity and human rights violations by non-state actors. Questions abound revolving around the underpinnings of a corporate responsibility to respect human rights, that is, how non-western and particularly African conceptions of respect may help develop a ‘beyond do no harm’ approach to respect; policy discourses on human rights due diligence, human rights impact assessment; mandating corporate respect for human rights in both domestic and international law. This book examines, clarifies, and unpacks the guiding principles of a rights-based approach to development and social inclusion. It offers an excellent exposition of regulatory capacity, institutional efficacy and democratic legitimacy of governance institutions that shape development including a comprehensive analysis of how states are shaping business and human rights discourses locally to develop a critical understanding of identified issues by exploring the latest theories through comparative lenses
Implementing Climate Change Policy: Designing and Deploying Net Zero Carbon Governance
by Ottavio Quirico Walter BaberThe chapters in this volume provide an interdisciplinary and comparative analysis of the implementation of climate change policies worldwide to assess whether they are meeting the aims set out in the 'Paris Agreement'. The first part compares climate policies employed by the EU, the US, Latin America, Russia, China, the Middle East, and Africa. The second explores ways of improving key regulatory mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation measures. This book argues that the international community should improve the effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms from the standpoint of secondary norms through an integrated approach. It is an indispensable resource for undergraduate and graduate students of environmental policy and governance, public policy, law and political science, as well as policy makers. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available as Open Access. Check our website - Cambridge Core - for details. (150, 992)
Implementing Codes of Conduct: How Businesses Manage Social Performance in Global Supply Chains
by Ivanka MamicAt the start of the 21st century manufacturing is in the midst of a major transformation, with goods moving from factories in São Paulo, Ho Chi Minh and Guanzhou to the shelves of stores in New York, Hamburg and Sydney. As production of goods has become increasingly global, with an impact on workers and societies around the world, the ILO has sought to answer the challenging question: how best to implement voluntary corporate initiatives in value chains that stretch around the globe from a constantly changing supply base of factories both large and small? In order to address growing pressures from stakeholders, a number of global companies have adopted codes of conduct with the aim of influencing the practices of their suppliers in less-developed countries and providing a baseline of expected standards. Typically, codes of conduct draw on international labour standards, setting guidelines on a range of issues, including child labour, forced labour, wages and benefits, working hours, disciplinary practices, the right to freedom of association, health and safety, and environmental practices. Notwithstanding the array of initiatives that has emerged, anecdotal evidence suggests that, in many cases, managers both at the company and supplier level have struggled and continue to struggle with the issue of how to implement their codes of conduct. Based on interviews with hundreds of managers, activists, government officials, factory workers and workers' representatives, Implementing Codes of Conduct represents the most extensive research conducted to date into the emerging nature of corporate social responsibility and global supply chains. Its objective is to provide useful examples and lessons learned to companies, policy-makers and others interested in implementing their own code of conduct or who are actively involved in this field. This book has broad implications for firms that are serious about seeing the social and environmental objectives expressed in their corporate codes become a reality at the supplier level – implications that stretch from the boardroom to the factory floor. The book presents a model that maps a route from the creation of a vision to its implementation at the operational level. Based on research conducted in the sports footwear, apparel and retail sectors, this book provides a detailed account of the approaches currently used by leading brands and retailers and practical suggestions for other companies to follow in addressing social pressures. Given an increasingly clear link between corporate social responsibility and profits, this book serves as an invaluable tool in assisting those interested in balancing the complex demands of society and competitive concerns.
Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility
by Subhasis Ray S. Siva RajuThis book is a compilation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) theory and practices, with special reference to the Indian context. Over the last few decades, which have seen the onset of globalization, emergence of the industrial sector and an increased focus on community development, much attention has been focused on the role of corporations towards developing those societies where their operations are based. The introduction and evolution of CSR theories and practice in the developed countries has given CSR theorists and practitioners the guidance to appropriately place and implement CSR initiatives to help develop their role in the developed societies. However, while ample literature exists on such CSR practices, little has been done to aid the development of CSR in developing countries. Characterized by peculiar economic, political and social settings, the developing world needed its own blueprint for how CSR works and how it could best succeed. The need for doing is especially pertinent to a country like India, which is presently at a very crucial threshold, economically, politically and socially. Given the need to contextualize CSR theory and practice to the developing context, several CSR theories and practices have been explored in this book, which will provide readers with a thorough understanding of CSR and its successful implementation.
Implementing Digital Forensic Readiness: From Reactive to Proactive Process, Second Edition
by Jason SachowskiImplementing Digital Forensic Readiness: From Reactive to Proactive Process, Second Edition presents the optimal way for digital forensic and IT security professionals to implement a proactive approach to digital forensics. The book details how digital forensic processes can align strategically with business operations and an already existing information and data security program. Detailing proper collection, preservation, storage, and presentation of digital evidence, the procedures outlined illustrate how digital evidence can be an essential tool in mitigating risk and redusing the impact of both internal and external, digital incidents, disputes, and crimes. By utilizing a digital forensic readiness approach and stances, a company’s preparedness and ability to take action quickly and respond as needed. In addition, this approach enhances the ability to gather evidence, as well as the relevance, reliability, and credibility of any such evidence. New chapters to this edition include Chapter 4 on Code of Ethics and Standards, Chapter 5 on Digital Forensics as a Business, and Chapter 10 on Establishing Legal Admissibility. This book offers best practices to professionals on enhancing their digital forensic program, or how to start and develop one the right way for effective forensic readiness in any corporate or enterprise setting.
Implementing Enterprise Cyber Security with Open-Source Software and Standard Architecture: Volume II (River Publishers Series in Digital Security and Forensics)
by Anand Handa Rohit Negi S. Venkatesan Sandeep K. ShuklaCyber security is one of the most critical problems faced by enterprises, government organizations, education institutes, small and medium scale businesses, and medical institutions today. Creating a cyber security posture through proper cyber security architecture, deployment of cyber defense tools, and building a security operation center are critical for all such organizations given the preponderance of cyber threats. However, cyber defense tools are expensive, and many small and medium-scale business houses cannot procure these tools within their budgets. Even those business houses that manage to procure them cannot use them effectively because of the lack of human resources and the knowledge of the standard enterprise security architecture. In 2020, the C3i Center at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur developed a professional certification course where IT professionals from various organizations go through rigorous six-month long training in cyber defense. During their training, groups within the cohort collaborate on team projects to develop cybersecurity solutions for problems such as malware analysis, threat intelligence collection, endpoint detection and protection, network intrusion detection, developing security incidents, event management systems, etc. All these projects leverage open-source tools, and code from various sources, and hence can be also constructed by others if the recipe to construct such tools is known. It is therefore beneficial if we put these recipes out in the form of book chapters such that small and medium scale businesses can create these tools based on open-source components, easily following the content of the chapters. In 2021, we published the first volume of this series based on the projects done by cohort 1 of the course. This volume, second in the series has new recipes and tool development expertise based on the projects done by cohort 3 of this training program. This volume consists of nine chapters that describe experience and know-how of projects in malware analysis, web application security, intrusion detection system, and honeypot in sufficient detail so they can be recreated by anyone looking to develop home grown solutions to defend themselves from cyber-attacks.
Implementing Environmental Constitutionalism: Current Global Challenges
by Erin Daly James R. MayConstitutions can play a central role in responding to environmental challenges, such as pollution, biodiversity loss, lack of drinking water, and climate change. The vast majority of people on earth live under constitutional systems that protect the environment or recognize environmental rights. Such environmental constitutionalism, however, falls short without effective implementation by policymakers, advocates and jurists. Implementing Environmental Constitutionalism: Current Global Challenges explains and explores this 'implementation gap'. This collection is both broad and deep. While some of the essays analyze crosscutting themes, such as climate change and the need for rule of law that affect the implementation of environmental constitutionalism throughout the world, others delve deeply into geographically contextual experiences for lessons about how constitutional environmental law might be more effectively implemented. This volume informs global conversations about whether and how environmental constitutionalism can be made more effective to protect the natural environment.
Implementing Environmental, Social and Governance: A Practical Guide in Sustainability Management (Responsible Leadership and Sustainable Management)
by Tracy Dathe Marc Helmold René Dathe Isabel DatheThe concept of environmental, social and governance (ESG) is rapidly emerging as the new global industry standard and an important benchmarking tool for socially responsible investments. Major corporations seek the expertise of specialized consultants to develop and implement tailored ESG framework for their businesses. This book offers a guide to ESG and its practical applications. Beyond introducing the structured procedures of the most common ESG approaches, it delves into the comprehensive impact on the value chain, providing practical insights. The text explores the latest trends in various business sectors, offering insights into their ESG practices. Closing with a forward-looking perspective, the book anticipates future developments such as climate change management and ESG certifications, while also addressing potential pitfalls encapsulated by the term “greenwashing”.Written by authors with a solid background in teaching and research, the book establishes a robust theoretical foundation. The inclusion of numerous practical examples and country-specific recommendations enhances this book’s applicability and makes it an invaluable resource to those navigating the complexities of ESG.
Implementing EU Mobility Partnerships: Putting Soft Law into Practice (Law and Migration)
by Fanny Tittel-MosserThis book provides a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of Mobility Partnerships and their consequences for third countries. Mobility partnerships between the EU and third countries are usually viewed as reflecting asymmetric power relations where development aid, trade relations and visa policies are made conditional upon the cooperation by third countries with an EU agenda of migration control. This book argues that three main factors condition the relevance of Mobility Partnerships: the state of relations between EU Member States and a third country, and in particular, the role of postcolonial ties; the power of negotiation of a third country, which is linked to its geopolitical importance for the EU; and its administrative capacity, which is understood as the capacity of a state to define and implement policies and to legislate and enforce the law. The work combines a comparative legal analysis of the development of the legal and policy frameworks in the cases of Morocco and Cape Verde with an empirical study of the implementation of Mobility Partnerships’ projects. The analysis demonstrates that Mobility Partnerships, despite their non-binding nature, have legal and policy relevance for these third countries with regard to the regulation of migration, asylum, human trafficking and even labour law. As such, this book makes a contribution to the understanding of the interplay between the interests of EU, Member State and third country actors in the implementation of the Mobility Partnerships. The book will be a key resource for academics and students focusing on Migration Law, EU Studies, Geopolitics and African Studies. The empirical approach will also appeal to policy-makers, international organisation representatives and NGOs.
Implementing Integrated Reporting: Lessons from the Field (SpringerBriefs in Accounting)
by Cristiana BernardiSustainability, the environment, corporate accountability, social justice, integration – these are the buzzwords of our century. This book takes readers on a journey through the landscape of standard-setting giants and corporate reporting paradigms through the eyes of two companies that have taken very different paths toward integrated thinking. Both stories provide new insights into the transition to integrated reporting, as envisaged by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), and how integrated reporting is reshaping our views on transparency. However, the top-down approach adopted in studies of integrated reporting in practice has left many questions unanswered: Is it effective? How does it evolve into established practice? Is it just another management fad? This bottom-up critique answers all these questions and one more: Could integrated reporting become the corporate reporting norm? We shall see.Given its depth of coverage, the book appeals to IIRC academic community, participants in integrated reporting networks, and others interested in integrated reporting.
Implementing International Disability Law in the European Union: A Substantive and Procedural Appraisal (Routledge Research in EU Law)
by Ottavio QuiricoThis book investigates the implementation of disability rights and duties in the European Union, aiming to understand its functioning and explore ways forward through a critical analysis of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) within the context of international regulation. Along the lines of the integration of fundamental rights within the common market, the EU has indeed progressively adopted meaningful regulation to advance disability rights, which are now essentially shaped by the CRPD. The research considers the interaction between law and policy at the international, EU and Member States’ level, focusing on three essential elements, including the sources of disability law, institutional mechanisms and substantive regulation. Grounded in the distinction between primary rules on law-making and secondary norms on enforcement, the analysis unfolds against the background of the ‘twin’ transitions on sustainability and digitalisation and encompasses the Council of Europe system, particularly in the light of the foreseeable accession of the EU to the European Convention on Human Rights. Arguably, following the progressive development it has facilitated in other regulatory areas, the Court of Justice of the European Union can provide a decisive contribution to advancing inclusiveness for people with disabilities in the Union.The book is a useful resource for practitioners, policymakers, academics, students, researchers and anyone interested in EU and international disability law and politics.
Implementing International Environmental Law and Policy: An Interactive Approach to Environmental Regulation (Routledge Research in International Environmental Law)
by Joanna Miller SmallwoodThis book introduces a novel discourse, based on socio-legal theory of compliance with international environmental law, which addresses the overarching question: When can international environmental law and policy achieve implementation, compliance, and be effective?Offering an important contribution to academic and practical understandings of implementation and compliance with international environmental obligations, the book firstly critiques existing multidisciplinary theories of law and then brings together international and domestic legal theories to highlight their symbiotic relationship. It also stresses the importance of interactions between domestic and international legal and policy processes. This pioneering discourse is argued to be transformative to international environmental regimes and offers a way for them to be truly normative and to achieve compliance.The book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of socio-legal studies and international environmental law and policy.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Implementing International Humanitarian Law: From The Ad Hoc Tribunals to a Permanent International Criminal Court
by Yusuf AksarImplementing International Humanitarian Law examines the international humanitarian law rules and their application by the ad hoc tribunals with regard to the substantive laws of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal Rwanda (ICTR). The practice of the ICTY and the ICTR and their contribution to international humanitarian law, together with their possible impact on the International Criminal Court, is examined in light of the decisions rendered by the ad hoc tribunals and of the latest international humanitarian law instruments such as the 1996 ILC Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind and the ICC Statute.
Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform: The Federal Role
by Committee on a Prioritized Plan to Implement a Developmental Approach in Juvenile Justice ReformIn the past decade, a number of state, local, and tribal jurisdictions have begun to take significant steps to overhaul their juvenile justice systems - for example, reducing the use of juvenile detention and out-of-home placement, bringing greater attention to racial and ethnic disparities, looking for ways to engage affected families in the process, and raising the age at which juvenile court jurisdiction ends. These changes are the result of heightening awareness of the ineffectiveness of punitive practices and accumulating knowledge about adolescent development. Momentum for reform is growing. However, many more state, local, and tribal jurisdictions need assistance, and practitioners in the juvenile justice field are looking for guidance from the federal government, particularly from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) in the Department of Justice. "Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform" identifies and prioritizes strategies and policies to effectively facilitate reform of the juvenile justice system and develop an implementation plan for OJJDP. Based on the 2013 report "Reforming Juvenile Justice," this report is designed to provide specific guidance to OJJDP regarding the steps that it should take, both internally and externally, to facilitate juvenile justice reform grounded in knowledge about adolescent development. The report identifies seven hallmarks of a developmental approach to juvenile justice to guide system reform: accountability without criminalization, alternatives to justice system involvement, individualized response based on needs and risks, confinement only when necessary for public safety, genuine commitment to fairness, sensitivity to disparate treatment, and family engagement. "Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform" outlines how these hallmarks should be incorporated into policies and practices within OJJDP, as well as in actions extended to state, local, and tribal jurisdictions to achieve the goals of the juvenile justice system through a developmentally informed approach. This report sets forth a detailed and prioritized strategic plan for the federal government to support and facilitate developmentally oriented juvenile justice reform. The pivotal component of the plan is to strengthen the role, capacity, and commitment of OJJDP, the lead federal agency in the field. By carrying out the recommendations of "Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform," the federal government will both reaffirm and advance the promise of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act.
Implementing Quality in Laboratory Policies and Processes: Using Templates, Project Management, and Six Sigma
by Donnell R. Christian Jr. Stephanie DrillingIn order to gain accreditation, every laboratory must have a superior quality assurance program. The keys to a successful program are the operational and technical manuals and associated documents which define the program and its various components. Written by experts with global experience in setting up laboratories, Implementing Quality in Labora