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Self-Trust and Reproductive Autonomy
by Carolyn McleodThe power of new medical technologies, the cultural authority of physicians, and the gendered power dynamics of many patient-physician relationships can all inhibit women's reproductive freedom.
Self-determination in Health Care: A Property Approach to the Protection of Patients' Rights
by Leroy C. EdozienIt is generally accepted in legal and bioethical discourse that the patient has a right to self-determination. In practice though, this is often not the case. Paternalism is waning and it is increasingly recognised that there are values other than medical factors which determine the choices that patients make. Unfortunately, these developments have not resulted in huge advances for patient self-determination, which is largely because the consent model has fundamental flaws that constrain its effectiveness. This book sets out to offer an alternative model to consent. In the property model proposed here, the patient’s bodily integrity is protected from unauthorised invasion, and their legitimate expectation to be provided with the relevant information to make an informed decision is taken to be a proprietary right. It is argued that the property model potentially overcomes the limitations of the consent model, including the obstacle caused by the requirement to prove causation in consent cases. The author proposes that this model could in the future provide an alternative or complementary approach for the courts to consider when dealing with cases relating to self-determination in health care.
Self-neglect: A Practical Approach to Risks and Strengths Assessment (Critical Skills for Social Work)
by Shona Britten Karen WhitbySelf-neglect covers a wide range of behaviours, from neglecting to care for one's personal hygiene and health to one's surroundings; this can include behaviours such as hoarding of objects and/or animals. As presentation of self-neglect cases vary greatly, assessment and support planning should be made on an individualised case by case basis.Self-neglect describes a Risks and Strengths assessment model which has been developed by practitioners as an aid to frontline workers across all sectors, as well as agencies holding responsibilities in Safeguarding Adults. It aims to support and structure the effective, timely and consistent assessment of risk in relation to key social and healthcare factors of self-neglect both on an individual case level and at a strategic level in contributing to community/locality needs analysis and reporting mechanisms; including annual Safeguarding Adults Board Reports.
Self-restoration of People Living with HIV/AIDS in China
by Rongting HouThis book adopts an approach based on relational psychoanalysis, developed in the USA in and since the 1990s and guided by the self-psychology championed by Kohut and the Post-Kohutians. How people infected with HIV/AIDS live their lives is a growing concern in China. The book, based on relational psychoanalysis, explores their self-restoration, and more specifically, how adopting an attitude of “dying to live” helps them face tremendous challenges in life. By interviewing selected individuals at a given organization, the author focuses on their life experiences and on corresponding interventional mechanisms. The book’s three most important features are as follows: 1) its application of self-psychology by Heinz Kohut into the context of psychological intervention; 2) a wealth of qualitative data gathered through in-depth interviews; and 3) the author’s self-reflection and analysis. The book offers a valuable guide for graduate students, researchers, and policymakers alike.By interviewing selected individuals at a given organization, the book focuses on the life histories of selected individuals after being diagnosed with AIDS (screening HIV positive) and on corresponding interventional mechanisms. Further, itemploys the self and self-object as key explanatory terms for the necessary psychotherapeutic interventions,and in order to create guidelines that sufficiently reflect the illness and corresponding interventions. Given its scope and focus, the book offers a valuable guide for graduate students, researchers, and policymakers alike.
Self-sufficiency of Law
by Mariano CroceThe book investigates the role of law and legal experts in the organisational dynamics of a population, demonstrating that law is a stable practice among those who (in virtue of the special knowledge they master) are called upon to select the 'normative facts' of a population, i.e. the interactional standards that are proclaimed as binding for the entire population by the publicly recognised legal experts (whose peremptory judgments can be only revised by peers). It proposes an integration of the recent research outcomes achieved in three different areas of study: legal positivism, legal institutionalism and legal pluralism and examines the notions of rule, coercion, institution, practice elaborated by significant theorists in the mentioned areas and illumine both their merits and flaws. Furthermore it advances a notion of law and a description of the legal field which are able to account for the nature of the legal filed as the cradle of the social order. new back cover copy: In an era characterized by a streaking global pluralism, the collapse of many state agencies, the emergence of multiple sources of law, and the rise of informal justice, the idea of a unitary and homogenous legal system seems old-fashioned. But philosophers, sociologists and anthropologists still hold many debates on the nature of law and its function, which is that law represents an institution that characterizes any orderly social context of human beings, and this book plunges into the center of those debates. Self-sufficiency of Law: A Critical-institutional Theory of Social Order investigates the role of law and legal experts in the organizational dynamics of a population. It demonstrates that law is a stable practice among those who are called upon to select the "normative facts" of a population, that is, the interactional standards that are proclaimed as binding for the entire population by the publicly recognized legal experts. To do this, the author proposes an integration of the recent research outcomes achieved in three different areas of study--legal positivism, legal institutionalism and legal pluralism. He examines the notions of rule, coercion, institution and practice elaborated on by significant theorists in these fields, highlighting both the merits and flaws and ultimately advancing a notion of law and a description of the legal field which are able to account for the nature of the legal field as the cradle of social order. This text covers key guidelines for empirical research and political activities in Western and non-Western countries.
Selfishness and Selflessness: New Approaches to Understanding Morality (WYSE Series in Social Anthropology #10)
by Linda L. LayneWe are said to be suffering a narcissism epidemic when the need for collective action seems more pressing than ever. Selfishness and selflessness address the ‘proper’ and ‘improper’ relationship between one’s self and others. The work they do during periods of social instability and cultural change is probed in this original, interdisciplinary collection. Contributions range from an examination of how these concepts animated the eighteenth-century anti-slavery campaigners to dissecting the way middle-class mothers’ experiences illustrate gendered struggles over how much and to whom one is morally obliged to give.
Selfishness and Selflessness: New Approaches to Understanding Morality (WYSE Series in Social Anthropology #10)
by Linda L. LayneWe are said to be suffering a narcissism epidemic when the need for collective action seems more pressing than ever. The traits of Selfishness and selflessness address the ‘proper’ and ‘improper’ relationship between one’s self and others. The work they do during periods of social instability and cultural change is probed in this original, interdisciplinary collection. Contributions range from an examination of how these concepts animated the eighteenth-century anti-slavery campaigners to a dissection of the way middle-class mothers’ experiences illustrate gendered struggles over how much and to whom one is morally obliged to give.
Selling Rights
by Lynette OwenNow in its ninth edition, Selling Rights has firmly established itself as the leading guide to all aspects of rights sales and co-publications throughout the world.Covering the full range of potential rights, from English-language territorial rights through to serial rights, permissions, rights for the reading-impaired, translation rights, dramatization and documentary rights, electronic and multimedia rights, this book constitutes a comprehensive introduction and companion to the topic. Besides individual types of rights, topics covered also include book fairs, Open Access, the ongoing impact of new electronic hardware, and the rights implications of acquisitions, mergers, and disposals.This fully updated edition includes:• New IP legislation and proposed legislation in the UK and the USA, including changes regarding TDM and the post-Brexit implications of EU directives and exhaustion of rights.• The implications of artificial intelligence (AI) for author contracts and licensing contracts.• The impact of the pandemic and its aftermath on the promotion and sale of rights.• Coverage of censorship in countries around the world, especially in relation to LGBTQI+ content, as well as political situations which have impacted on rights trading.• The impact of streaming services on opportunities for licensing television and film rights.• Major revisions to the chapters on audio and video recording rights, the internet and publishing, and electronic publishing and digital licensing.Selling Rights is an essential reference tool and an accessible and illuminating guide to current and future issues for rights professionals and students of publishing.
Selling Sickness: How the World's Biggest Pharmaceutical Companies Are Turning Us All Into Patients
by Ray Moynihan Alan CasselsThis book presents a valuable counterweight to the mind-numbing barrage of unproven diagnoses and just plain dysinformation that haunts the airwaves and even some medical journals.
Selling Sustainability Short?: The Private Governance of Labor and the Environment in the Coffee Sector (Organizations and the Natural Environment)
by Janina GrabsCan private standards bring about more sustainable production practices? This question is of interest to conscientious consumers, academics studying the effectiveness of private regulation, and corporate social responsibility practitioners alike. Grabs provides an answer by combining an impact evaluation of 1,900 farmers with rich qualitative evidence from the coffee sectors of Honduras, Colombia and Costa Rica. Identifying an institutional design dilemma that private sustainability standards encounter as they scale up, this book shows how this dilemma plays out in the coffee industry. It highlights how the erosion of price premiums and the adaptation to buyers' preferences have curtailed standards' effectiveness in promoting sustainable practices that create economic opportunity costs for farmers, such as agroforestry or agroecology. It also provides a voice for coffee producers and value chain members to explain why the current system is failing in its mission to provide environmental, social, and economic co-benefits, and what changes are necessary to do better.
Selling Tourism Services at a Distance
by Josep Maria Bech SerratNew rules on distance contracts provided for the Consumer Rights Directive of 25 October 2011 do not apply to package holidays or contracts falling within the scope of the Timeshare Directive. Moreover, contracts for passenger transport services and contracts for the provision of accommodation, car rental, catering or leisure services if the contract provides for a specific date or period of performance are not covered by some of these rules. Yet measures aimed at protecting the consumer when a contract is concluded via the phone, the Internet, by mail or other means of distance communication play a role in tourism. This book helps readers to navigate through uncertainties in travel contracts regarding information requirements, the right of withdrawal or providing alternative services. Findings reveal that consumer acquis is inadequately adapted to the features of the tourism industry when an optional instrument based on the Draft Common Frame of Reference might be used in the future.
Selling Words: Free Speech in a Commercial Culture (Critical America #79)
by R. George WrightAll of us grumble, from time to time, about the ever-increasing commercialization of American life. Whether in the form of overt corporate sponsorship—as evidenced by the "branding" of every major sporting event—or the less conspicuous role of commercial interests in the funding of the arts, America's corporations are a ubiquitous presence. While debates rage over the televising of liquor ads and the degree to which Joe Camel encourages adolescent smoking, of far greater concern, R. George Wright argues, should be the passivity with which we accept excessive commercialization. For many, the spread of commercialization by any means other than fraud or deception today seems merely a reflection of the capitalist pursuit of well-being. Yet owning and spending, for the middle- class consumers Wright discusses, is at best only weakly related to their happiness. In recent years, corporate America has shrewdly sought shelter from reasonable regulation by embracing the First Amendment. Focusing on such flashpoint issues as the Internet, tobacco advertising, and intentionally controversial ads, and exposing the dangerous elephantiasis of our commercial culture, Selling Words serves up a forceful warning about the perils of conflating commerce with First Amendment rights.
Selling Your House
by Ilona Bray J.D. Alayna SchroederAcross the U.S., home prices are in flux - rising in some areas, stagnant in others. So what's the best way to get the highest return if you want to sell your home now? Selling Your House: Nolo's Essential Guide provides the practical and legal steps you'll need to take to reach your goal. Written with the current market and national economy in mind, this book goes over the specifics that homeowners need to know to make the sale. Whether you're selling your property because of a job change, growing family, or financial troubles, you'll get the information and guidance you need, including how to: check out your local market decide on the right price hire the best real estate professionals to help you dress up, market, and otherwise set your house apart from the pack make required disclosures negotiate and successfully close the sale. Selling Your House: Nolo's Essential Guide draws on input from a wide range of experts, helping you conclude a sale you'll be satisfied with, no matter the state of your local housing market.
Selling Your House: Nolo's Essential Guide
by Ilona BrayBuyers can’t wait to get a look at your home—but what’s the best way to earn the highest return? You may hope to inspire multiple offers, but also want to make sure to choose a buyer who will close the deal without last-minute issues or drama. Selling Your House: Nolo's Essential Guide provides the practical and legal guidance you'll need to make the deal happen. Whether you're moving up or downsizing, or selling because of a job change, growing family, or financial troubles, you'll get useful information that will help you: figure out how much comparable homes are selling for decide on the right price hire real estate professionals to help you dress up, market, and otherwise set your house apart from the pack make required disclosures, and negotiate and successfully close the sale. Selling Your House: Nolo’s Essential Guide draws on input from a wide range of experts, helping you conclude a sale you’ll be satisfied with, no matter the state of your local housing market.
Selling Your House: Nolo's Essential Guide
by Ilona Bray J.D.What’s the best way to get the highest return if you want to sell your home now? With pent-up demand for homes, you hope yours will inspire multiple offers; but want to make sure to choose a solid one that will proceed successfully to closing. Selling Your House: Nolo's Essential Guide provides the practical and legal steps you'll need to take to reach your goal. Written with the current market and national economy in mind, this book goes over the specifics that homeowners need to know in order to make the sale. Whether you're selling your property because of a job change, growing family, or financial troubles, you'll get the information and guidance you need, including how to: check out your local market decide on the right price hire the best real estate professionals to help you dress up, market, and otherwise set your house apart from the pack make required disclosures, and negotiate and successfully close the sale. Selling Your House: Nolo's Essential Guide draws on input from a wide range of experts, helping you conclude a sale you’ll be satisfied with, no matter the state of your local housing market.
Selling a ‘Just’ War
by Michael J. ButlerButler sheds light on how American political leaders sell the decision to intervene with military force to the public and how a just war frame is employed in US foreign policy. He provides three post-Cold War examples of foreign policy crises: the Persian Gulf War (1990-91), Kosovo (1999), and Afghanistan (2001).
Selling the Church
by Robert C. PalmerIn the years of expanding state authority following the Black Death, English common law permitted the leasing of parishes by their rectors and vicars, who then pursued interests elsewhere and left the parish in the control of lay lessees. But a series of statutes enacted by Henry VIII between 1529 and 1540 effectively reduced such clerical absenteeism. Robert Palmer examines this transformation of the English parish and argues that it was an important part of the English Reformation.Palmer analyzes an extensive set of data drawn from common law records to reveal a vigorous and effective effort by the laity to enforce the new statutes. Motivated by both economic and traditional ideals, the litigants made the commercial activities of leaseholding and buying for resale and profit the exclusive domain of the laity and acquired the power to regulate the clergy. According to Palmer, these parish-level reformations presaged and complemented other initiatives of the crown that have long been considered central to the reign of Henry VIII.
Semantic Web Technologies and Legal Scholarly Publishing
by Silvio PeroniThis work deals with the applications of Semantic Publishing technologies in the legal domain, i. e. , the use of Semantic Web technologies to address issues related to the Legal Scholarly Publishing. Research in the field of Law has a long tradition in the application of semantic technologies, such as Semantic Web and Linked Data, to real-world scenarios. This book investigates and proposes solutions for three main issues that Semantic Publishing needs to address within the context of the Legal Scholarly Publishing: the need of tools for linking document text to a formal representation of its meaning; the lack of complete metadata schemas for describing documents according to the publishing vocabulary and the absence of effective tools and user interfaces for easily acting on semantic publishing models and theories. In particular, this work introduces EARMARK, a markup meta language that allows one to create markup documents without the structural and semantic limits imposed by markup languages such as XML. EARMARK is a platform to link the content layer of a document with its intended formal semantics and it can be used with the Semantic Publishing and Referencing (SPAR) Ontologies, another topic in this book. SPAR Ontologies are a collection of formal models providing an upper semantic layer for describing the publishing domain. Using EARMARK as a foundation for SPAR descriptions opens up to a semantic characterisation of all the aspects of a document and of its parts. Finally, four user-friendly tools are introduced: LODE, KC-Viz, Graffoo and Gaffe. They were expressly developed to facilitate the interaction of publishers and domain experts with Semantic Publishing technologies by shielding such users from the underlying formalisms and semantic models of such technologies.
Semantik und Moralität: Zum Unterschied zwischen dem menschlichen und dem maschinellen epistemischen Zugang zur Welt
by Antonio BikićMuss man eine Situation verstanden haben, um in ihr moralisch handeln zu können? Dieser Frage widmet sich der Autor mit Bezug auf Maschinen, die mit Künstlicher Intelligenz betrieben werden, jedoch die Probleme, die sie lösen, nicht verstehen: Reinforcement-Learning-Agenten. Aktuell werden viele Konzepte im Kontext der Künstlichen Intelligenz genutzt, hinter denen eine lange Entwicklungsgeschichte steht. Diese Konzepte werden zunächst historisch und systematisch aufgearbeitet bzw. eingeordnet. Der Fokus liegt allerdings auf den rezenten Ansätzen zur Umsetzung Künstlicher Intelligenz, insbesondere auf dem subsymbolischen Machine-Learning-Ansatz. Dabei ist die Frage zentral, ob eine Maschine tatsächlich von Normen geleitet werden kann, wenn sie zur Gänze auf Elimination von Bedeutung setzt, um funktionieren zu können.
Semblances of Sovereignty: The Constitution, the State, and American Citizenship
by T. Alexander AleinikoffIn a set of cases decided at the end of the nineteenth century, the Supreme Court declared that Congress had "plenary power" to regulate immigration, Indian tribes, and newly acquired territories. Not coincidentally, the groups subject to Congress' plenary power were primarily nonwhite and generally perceived as "uncivilized." The Court left Congress free to craft policies of assimilation, exclusion, paternalism, and domination.Despite dramatic shifts in constitutional law in the twentieth century, the plenary power case decisions remain largely the controlling law. The Warren Court, widely recognized for its dedication to individual rights, focused on ensuring "full and equal citizenship"--an agenda that utterly neglected immigrants, tribes, and residents of the territories. The Rehnquist Court has appropriated the Warren Court's rhetoric of citizenship, but has used it to strike down policies that support diversity and the sovereignty of Indian tribes.Attuned to the demands of a new century, the author argues for abandonment of the plenary power cases, and for more flexible conceptions of sovereignty and citizenship. The federal government ought to negotiate compacts with Indian tribes and the territories that affirm more durable forms of self-government. Citizenship should be "decentered," understood as a commitment to an intergenerational national project, not a basis for denying rights to immigrants.
Semiotics of International Law
by Evandro Menezes de CarvalhoLanguage carries more than meanings; language conveys a means of conceiving the world. In this sense, national legal systems expressed through national languages organize the Law based on their own understanding of reality. International Law becomes, in this context, the meeting point where different legal cultures and different views of world intersect. The diversity of languages and legal systems can enrich the possibilities of understanding and developing international law, but it can also represent an instability and unsafety factor to the international scenario. This multilegal-system and multilingual scenario adds to the complexity of international law and poses new challenges. One of them is legal translation, which is a field of knowledge and professional skill that has not been the subject of theoretical thinking on the part of legal scholars. How to negotiate, draft or interpret an international treaty that mirrors what the parties, - who belong to different legal cultures and who, on many occasions, speak different mother tongues - ,want or wanted to say? By analyzing the decision-making process and the legal discourse adopted by the WTO's Appellate Body, this book highlights the active role of language in diplomatic negotiations and in interpreting international law. In addition, it also shows that the debate on the effectiveness and legitimacy of International Law cannot be separated from the linguistic issue.
Semiotics, Law & Art: Between Theory of Justice and Theory of Law (Law and Visual Jurisprudence #2)
by Eduardo C.B. BittarThis book presents an interdisciplinary study of the relation between semiotics, law & art. Focusing on Greimasian semiotics, it examines specific works of art (from Giotto to Banksy) that deal with the theme of justice, promoting a more sensitive and humanized perception of the values that surround law. The book offers readers a comprehensive review of the semiotics of law, critically examining the relation between law & art. It covers a variety of topics, including semiotics, law and art; semiotics, art and experience; and society, law and art, as well as semiotics, law and painting; semiotics, law and architecture; semiotics, law and theatre; semiotics, law and literature; and semiotics, law and culture. In doing so, it uses the semiotics of painting to explain the symbology of justice and its significance in history; the semiotics of architecture to explain the setting of justice; the semiotics of theatre to explain the logic of the legal process; and the semiotics of literature to explain the narrative logic of legal decisions. Lastly, drawing on the semiotics of culture, it discusses ways of promoting justice, citizenship and human rights. Written from both philosophical and semiotical perspectives, the book enhances the centrality of visual jurisprudence studies to promote a better understanding of the role of law.
Sending Law to the Countryside
by Suli ZhuBased on empirical investigation and an interdisciplinary approach, this book offers a crucial theoretical work on China's basic-level judicial system and a masterpiece by Professor Suli Zhu, a prominent jurist on modern China. Its primary goal is to identify issues - ones that can only be effectively sensed and raised by China's jurists because of their unique circumstances and cultural background - that are of practical significance in China's basic-level judicial system, and of theoretical significance to juristic systems in general. Divided into four parts, the book begins with a discussion of the systematic and theoretical problems in China's basic-level judicial system at the macro-, meso- and micro- scale. In the second part, it examines the technology and knowledge to be found in the basic-level judicial system, so as to make the traditionally "invisible" technology and knowledge of trial judges available for general theoretical analyses. The third part focuses on the judge and other legal personnel in the judicial system, while the last part discusses the value of legal sociology surveys as powerful resources. This book not only presents essential features of China's judicial system by precisely describing key issues in its basic-level judicial system, but also offers well-founded content that accentuates the significance of social management innovation.
Seneca: Moral and Political Essays
by John M. Cooper Lucius Annaeus Seneca J. F. ProcopéThis volume offers new translations of the most important of Seneca's "Moral Essays": On Anger, On Mercy, On the Private Life, and the first four books of On Favours. They give a full picture of the social and moral outlook of an ancient Stoic thinker. A General Introduction describes Seneca's life and career and explains the fundamental ideas underlying the Stoic moral, social and political philosophy in the essays. Individual introductions, footnotes and biographical notes explain their historical and philosophical contexts.
Senicide and Old Age Killing: An Overdue Discourse (essentials)
by Raimund PoussetRaimund Pousset gives in this essential a concise account of senicide, the modern form of cultural killing of the elderly. He sheds light on both the history and the current situation of an ancient method. Practiced for millennia almost everywhere in the world, this custom of actively disposing of old 'useless' people or passively putting oneself to death is increasingly being revived today. Senicide is a nameless and silent scandal in our modern, enlightened society. The author wishes to bring this silent death into the focus of a mindful professional public, for the segregation of old age and the avalanche of costs in health care suggest that senicide will continue to grow in sad significance