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Special and Differential Treatment Reform in the WTO: 'The Differentiated Differentiation Approach
by Aniekan UkpeThis book proposes a new approach to differentiating between developing countries in the context of special and differential treatment (SDT) in the World Trade Organisation.Offering unique insights into SDT reform in the WTO, the book proposes the method of differentiated differentiation and demonstrates its operationalization using the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement. Through identifying key indicators to categorize constraints faced by developing countries, the book establishes objective criteria to depoliticize access to SDT. Promoting a case-by-case approach, the book also employs a statistics-based score procedure to determine a threshold for graduating countries out of SDT. Through flexible tracking and evidence-based arguments, the book provides a transitional method of reform which maintains full compliance with WTO members’ obligations.The book will be of importance to academics and students of international law, especially those with an interest in international trade law and the WTO, as well as legal professionals and policymakers.
Special Circumstances
by Sheldon SiegelIntroducing an electrifying new voice in legal fiction--in a phenomenal thriller unlike anything you've read before. . . Debut author Sheldon Siegel bursts into the legal arena with a riveting courtroom drama, exposing the world of big-time law firms and lawyers in a sharp-witted, wonderfully sardonic page-turner of a novel. Meet Mike Daley. Ex-priest. Ex-public defender. Ex-husband. And as of yesterday, ex-partner at Simpson & Gates, one of San Francisco's most prominent law firms. Today he's out on his own, setting up a private practice on the wrong side of town. Then his best friend and former colleague is charged with a brutal double murder. Daley has his first client--and is instantly catapulted into a high-profile case involving the prestigious law firm that just booted him. The victims are one of Simpson & Gates's most powerful partners and a beautiful young associate. There's a suicide note on the partner's computer, but neither the police nor the ambitious district attorney believe it's authentic--and they think the man they've arrested is the killer. It's up to Mike Daley to prove them wrong, but time is very short. As Daley prepares his case, he begins to uncover the firm's dirtiest secrets--and dirty they are--but he also discovers that his friend, too, has a lot to hide. Even as the trial is under way, Daley and his investigators are still frantically digging for evidence that will clear their client. Against a chorus of morning press reports and nightly TV commentaries picking apart each day's session, Daley comes to realize that ambition, politics, greed, and long-standing grudges will play just as important a role in the outcome as truth and justice. This is the real world of law practice at work, and it's as ruthless as it is startling. Brilliantly paced, witty, crackling with energy and suspense,Special Circumstancesnot only brings us to a stunning denouement; it zestfully reminds us why we love to hate lawyers--but can't get enough of courtroom drama when it's done this well. In a stunning turn of events, Daley's best friend, an ex-colleague, is charged with the double murder of two lawyers at the old firm and asks Daley to defend him. Cobbling together a defense team composed of himself, his ex-wife, and a onetime courtroom fixture named Mort Goldberg who's been wished on him against his better judgment, Daley finds he's got more to defend than his friend's innocence. The newly elected media-hungry District Attorn- ey, also a former colleague, will prosecute the case himself. As court is called into session, it becomes clear that in this trial ambition, honor, friendship, greed, and longstanding grudges will play as important a role as truth and justice. Rarely has a legal thriller debut so accurately depicted not only the inner workings of the legal system but the crack-ling energy it takes to build and defend a felony case. In SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES author Sheldon Siegel reminds us why we love to hate lawyers -- but can't get enough of courtroom drama when it's done this well. -->
The Special Counsel: The Mueller Report Retold
by Mark Caro"This is the end of my presidency. I'm fucked." -President Donald TrumpImagine Special Counsel Robert Mueller got so frustrated with the U.S. attorney general that, instead of letting the Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election speak for itself, he allowed the full narrative of corruption, high crimes, and cover-ups to be revealed...With more than 350,000 copies sold, the Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Election has taken its place as the defining document of the Trump administration. Replete with some of the most infamous characters and outlandish schemes in modern American history, the underlying evidence in the Special Counsel's written testimony could have been plucked from the script of a blockbuster movie. But at 400-plus pages of bewildering redactions and impenetrable legal analysis, the text itself is so dense that even our elected officials have admitted to leaving the report unread. Now, stripped of legalese while still faithful to fact, The Special Counsel tells the story of what really happened in a compulsively readable-yet comprehensive-narrative. Whisking readers from Manhattan's Trump Tower to the rural towns of Pennsylvania and the frosty streets of St. Petersburg, this book brings to vivid life the people, places, and politics that have shaped our post-2016 lives. One thing is bone-chillingly clear: our democracy is under attack and only an informed American public can save it. The Special Counsel is as necessary as it is thrilling.
Special Economic Zones: Economic Development in Africa
by Gift MuganoThis book provides a guide to the challenges of special economic zones. Focusing on Africa, while also discussing China, Taiwan, Dominican Republic, Malaysia, and South Korea, the impact on economic development of special economic zones is analysed to highlight the successes and failures of these zones. New emerging issues, such as the sustainable development goals and the fourth industrial revolution, are presented as factors that need to be addressed in order for special economic zones to be productive in Africa. The role of foreign direct investments, job creation, industrialization, and regulation is also discussed.Special Economic Zones: Economic Development in Africa aims to set out an empirical framework on how to create effective special economic zones. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in African and development economics.
Special Economic Zones in Asian Market Economies (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia)
by Connie CarterSpecial Economic Zones (SEZs) have proliferated rapidly during the past decade and are set to multiply in the next – embracing not only Asia and Europe but also Africa and the Americas. This book is the first to examine the Asian experience of SEZs in China, India, Malaysia and the Philippines. SEZs are usually clearly defined geographic areas in which national, provincial or local governments use policy tools (such as tax holidays; improved infrastructure; less onerous or differentiated regulations and incentives other than those generally available in the rest of the country) to attract and promote private - usually foreign - investment from enterprises which commit to create employment and to export their products or services, and generating foreign currency for the host country. SEZs have been especially successful in bringing about economic development in Asia, especially in China. This book examines the origins, nature and status of special economic zones in Asia, together with the current trends connected with them, and the challenges they currently face. Although the World Trade Organisation cast doubts in 1995 on the future of special economic zones as a viable policy tool in the development agenda, special economic zones continue to be used, and favoured, as a way of encouraging foreign investment and economic development, with for example India, trying to emulate China, reincorporating special economic zones into its development policy. This book provides regional case studies of SEZs in Asian market economies to analyse the extent to which these zones serve the changing needs of Asian development.
Special Education Advocacy
by Ruth Colker Julie K. WaterstoneAn edition that uses the advocacy approach to develop a set of materials of teaching children in the special education sector. This book presents the major principles to successful advocacy on behalf of special needs children by using meaningful real life experience.
Special Education and the Law: A Guide for Practitioners (Third Edition)
by Allan G. Osborne Charles J. RussoThis essential guide translates legalese into your language and allows the special education teacher to focus on your core competency: providing excellent education for students with special needs.
Special Education Law: Cases and Materials
by Mark C. WeberThis new fifth edition contains case text as well as extensive analysis and commentary for Endrew F. v. Douglas County and Frye v. Napoleon Community Schools. It also includes carefully edited reports of a host of other recent court decisions, including <p><p> • Krawietz v. Galveston Independent, Spring Branch v. O.W., and P. v. West Hartford on child-find duties,<p> • Independent School District No. 283 v. E.M.D.H. on evaluation,<p> • D.L. v. St. Louis on services for children with autism spectrum disorder,<p> • Albright v. Mountain Home on IEPs,<p> • L.H. v. Hamilton County and C.D. v. Natick on least restrictive environment, and<p> • A.G. v. Paradise Valley and Stanek v. St. Charles on Section 504-ADA claims. <p><p> At the same time, the book maintains comprehensive coverage of legal issues affecting schools and students from the infant and toddler program through higher education. <p><p>The new edition gives special attention to claims concerning charter schools, police intervention issues, education of children in juvenile detention, and private school students. The text includes provocative questions for discussion as well as practical exercises for students to apply their knowledge and skills.
Special Education Law: Cases and Materials
by Mark C. Weber Ralph Mawdsley Sarah RedfieldThis book contains relevant statutory excerpts and carefully edited reports of the leading special education cases, together with extensive explanatory materials and provocative questions for class discussion. <p><p> The book also features practical exercises for home assignments or in-class projects. Two of the co-authors teach in law schools and have deep experience in special education law as well as allied subjects such as constitutional law, administrative law, civil procedure, federal courts, and general school law. Their background enables them to discuss the special education topics thoroughly and to draw connections to other parts of the law school curriculum. The third co-author, who is also a lawyer, teaches educational administration as well as special education law; that background enables him to add lessons on the real-world impact of the law on the daily work of the schools. <p><p> The Fourth Edition includes new cases on eligibility, damages, and other topics, as well as coverage of the new Infant and Toddler Program regulations.
Special Education Law Case Studies: A Review From Practitioners
by David F. BatemanTremendous changes have occurred over the past decade in the provision of services to students with disabilities. Federal mandates continue to define requirements for a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment. Additionally, there has been an increase in the number of lawsuits filed against school districts regarding the provision of educational services for students with disabilities. Case studies are a helpful way to understand these difficult issues. The case studies presented here are actual students eligible for special education and related services. The case studies are represented not to tell districts and parents that this is the only way questions about special education law can be answered, but to provide likely answers along with commentary for analysis. The cases were developed to help new (and experienced) special education leaders and supervisors survive the pressures of working with students with disabilities while working to provide appropriate services and prevent litigation.
Special Needs Financial Planning: A Comparative Perspective
by Lusina Ho Rebecca LeeCountries around the world are facing pressing needs to enhance financial planning mechanisms for individuals with cognitive impairment. The book provides the first comparative study of the three most common of such mechanisms in Asia and the West, namely guardianship, enduring/lasting powers of attorney, and special needs trusts. It involves not only scholarly overviews of the mechanisms in the jurisdictions studied, but also thorough, structured and critical reviews of their operational experiences. This book will have broad appeal to scholars, students, law and policy makers and practitioners in the fields of mental disability, healthcare and elder law. It is widely recognised in the field that books like this one are needed. This book will also be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students in mental health, disability law and elder law.
Special Needs Offenders in Correctional Institutions
by Lior GideonEffective treatment and preparation for successful reintegration can be better achieved if the needs and risks of incarcerated offenders are taken into consideration by correctional practitioners and scholars. Special Needs Offenders in Correctional Institutions offers a unique opportunity to examine the different populations behind bars (e.g. chronically and mentally ill, homosexual, illegal immigrants, veterans, radicalized inmates, etc.), as well as their needs and the corresponding impediments for rehabilitation and reintegration. Author Lior Gideon takes a rehabilitative and reiterative approach to discuss and differentiate between the needs of these various categories of inmates, and provides in depth discussions-not available in other correctional texts-about the specific needs, risks and policy recommendations when working with present-day special needs offenders. Each chapter is followed by suggested readings and relevant websites that will enable readers to further enhance understanding of the issues and potential solutions discussed in the chapter. Further, each chapter has discussion questions specifically designed to promote class discussions. The text concludes with a theoretical framework for future policy implications and practices.
Special Needs Trusts
by Stephen EliasCreate a special needs trust for a loved one's care and get peace of mind If you care for a child or other loved one with a disability, you've no doubt thought about what will happen when you're no longer able to give that care. Fortunately, there's a simple solution to this dilemma create a "special needs trust." Special Needs Trusts shows you how to leave any amount of money to your disabled loved one without jeopardizing government benefits. It provides plain English information and forms that let you create a special needs trust by modifying your will or living trust document. Funds in a special needs trust can make a big difference in quality of life by paying for: . annual independent check ups . personal care attendant or escort . vehicles and transportation . insurance . rehabilitation . essential dietary needs . materials for recreation . trips or vacations . entertainment . athletic training or competitions . and much more. Special Needs Trusts also provides a formal letter to the trustee, which explains this very important role, and a personal letter to the trustee, which provides crucial information about your loved one. This edition has been thoroughly revised to reflect the latest changes in the law, including updated eligibility requirements for government benefits, current resources, and an experienced perspective about when to make a special needs trust on your own and when to seek the services of an attorney. Forms are available to download at nolo.com.
Special Needs Trusts: Protect Your Child's Financial Future (2nd edition)
by Stephen EliasIf you care for a child or other loved one with a disability, you've no doubt thought about what will happen when you're no longer able to give that care. Fortunately, there's a simple solution to this dilemma -- create a "special needs trust." Special Needs Trusts shows you how to leave any amount of money to your disabled loved one, without jeopardizing government benefits. It provides plain-English information and forms that let you create a special needs trust by modifying your will or living trust document.
Special Needs Trusts: Protect Your Child's Financial Future
by Kevin Urbatsch Michele Fuller-UrbatchSpecial Needs Trusts shows you how to leave any amount of money to your disabled loved one -- without jeopardizing government benefits. It provides plain-English information and forms you need to create a special needs trust. Funds in a special needs trust can make a big difference in quality of life by paying for: annual independent check-ups personal care attendant or escort vehicles and transportation insurance rehabilitation essential dietary needs materials for recreation trips or vacations entertainment athletic training or competitions, and much more. Special Needs Trusts also provides a formal letter to the trustee, which explains this very important role, and a personal letter to the trustee, which provides crucial information about your loved one. Author Kevin Urbastch gives you an experienced perspective about when to make a special needs trust on your own and when to seek the services of an attorney. This edition has been thoroughly revised to provide: current eligibility requirements for government benefits helpful resources a new chapter on letters of intent a new chapter on ABLE accounts
Special Needs Trusts: Protect Your Child's Financial Future
by Kevin Urbatsch Michele Fuller-UrbatchLeave money to a loved one with a disability—without losing benefits Use a special needs trust to provide financial security for your child (or anyone) with a disability, without jeopardizing important government benefits. Funds in a special needs trust do not count against eligibility for benefits and can be used to improve the quality of your child’s life. This book provides everything you need to know about special needs trusts—whether you make one yourself or have an attorney draft one for you. The authors explain: how special needs trusts work the trustee’s role ways to pass important information to successor trustees the pros and cons of joining a pooled trust, and creating special needs trust with or without a lawyer. This edition is thoroughly updated and includes new chapters on ABLE accounts and letters of intent. All forms are downloadable through a special link in the book.
Special Operations Group
by Christophe GlaslThe Special Operations Group are ultra-fit, highly trained officers brought in to do the jobs other police cannot. Since he was a nineteen-year-old recruit with Victoria Police, Chris Glasl aspired to join this elite group - the SOG were untouchable, indestructible and bonded so closely together they were a brotherhood like no other. But when Chris achieved his dream in 1994, the brotherhood he thought he was joining didn't exist.Special Operations Group is Chris's story of his life in the SOG - where solidarity, camaraderie and loyalties were undermined by bullying, bastardisation, drug use, lies and betrayal. It is a raw, behind-the-scenes look at what went on at the SOG, and a gripping account of major jobs he attended: fatal shootings, a triple murder, a 100-million-dollar drug bust and the Port Arthur massacre, to name just a few. For Chris, eventually the work, culture and his struggle with drugs and alcohol took its toll. This is a white-knuckle ride of a story as he tells it like it was and comes to grips with his past.
Special Structural Topics (Architect's Guidebooks to Structures)
by Paul W. McMullin Jonathan S. Price Sarah SimchukSpecial Structural Topics covers specialty structural situations for students and professional architects and engineers, such as soil mechanics, structural retrofit, structural integrity, cladding design, blast considerations, vibration, and structural sustainability. As part of the Architect’s Guidebooks to Structures series, it provides a comprehensive overview using both imperial and metric units of measurement with more than 150 images. As a compact summary of key ideas, it is ideal for anyone needing a quick guide to specialty structural considerations.
Species Matters: Humane Advocacy and Cultural Theory
by Marianne DeKoven Michael LundbladWhy has the academy struggled to link advocacy for animals to advocacy for various human groups? Within cultural studies, in which advocacy can take the form of a theoretical intervention, scholars have resisted arguments that add "species" to race, class, gender, sexuality, disability, and other human-identity categories as a site for critical analysis. Species Matters considers whether cultural studies should pay more attention to animal advocacy and whether, in turn, animal studies should pay more attention to questions raised by cultural theory. The contributors to this volume explore these issues particularly in relation to the "humane" treatment of animals and various human groups and the implications, both theoretical and practical, of blurring the distinction between "the human" and "the animal." They address important questions raised by the history of representing humans as the only animal capable of acting humanely and provide a framework for reconsidering the nature of humane discourse, whether in theory, literary and cultural texts, or current advocacy movements outside of the academy.
Speciesism in Biology and Culture: How Human Exceptionalism is Pushing Planetary Boundaries
by Brian Swartz Brent D. MishlerThis open access book explores a wide-ranging discussion about the sociopolitical, cultural, and scientific ramifications of speciesism and world views that derive from it. In this light, it integrates subjects across the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. The 21st-century western world is anthropocentric to an extreme; we adopt unreasonably self-centered and self-serving ideas and lifestyles. Americans consume more energy resources per person than most other nations on Earth and have little concept of how human ecology and population biology interface with global sustainability. We draw upon religion, popular culture, politics, and technology to justify our views and actions, yet remain self-centered because our considerations rarely extend beyond our immediate interests. Stepping upward on the hierarchy from “racism,” “speciesism” likewise refers to the view that unique natural kinds (species) exist and are an important structural element of biodiversity. This ideology manifests in the cultural idea that humans are distinct from and intrinsically superior to other forms of life. It further carries a plurality of implications for how we perceive ourselves in relation to nature, how we view Judeo-Christian religions and their tenets, how we respond to scientific data about social problems such as climate change, and how willing we are to change our actions in the face of evidence.
Specimen Science: Ethics and Policy Implications (Basic Bioethics)
by Holly Lynch Barbara Bierer I. Cohen Suzanne RiveraLegal, regulatory, and ethical perspectives on balancing social benefit and human autonomy in research using human biospecimens.Advances in medicine often depend on the effective collection, storage, research use, and sharing of human biological specimens and associated data. But what about the sources of such specimens? When a blood specimen is drawn from a vein in your arm, is that specimen still you? Is it your property, intellectual or otherwise? Should you be allowed not only to consent to its use in research but also to specify under what circumstances it may be used? These and other questions are at the center of a vigorous debate over the use of human biospecimens in research. In this book, experts offer legal, regulatory, and ethical perspectives on balancing social benefit and human autonomy in biospecimen research.After discussing the background to current debates as well as several influential cases, including that of Henrietta Lacks, the contributors consider the rights, obligations, risks, and privacy of the specimen source; different types of informed consent under consideration (broad, blanket, and specific); implications for special patient and researcher communities; and the governance of biospecimen repositories and the responsibilities of investigators.ContributorsRebecca A. Anderson, Heide Aungs, Avery Avrakotos, Mark Barnes, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Benjamin Berkman, Barbara E. Bierer, Mark A. Borreliz, Jeffrey R. Botkin, Dan Brock, Ellen Wright Clayton, I. Glenn Cohen, Lisa Eckstein, Barbara J. Evans, Emily Chi Fogler, Nanibaa' A. Garrison, Pamela Gavin, Aaron J. Goldenberg, Christine Grady, Kate Gallin Heffernan, Marylana Saadeh Helou, Sara Chandros Hull, Elisa A. Hurley, Steven Joffe, Erin P. Johnson, Julie Kaneshiro, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Isaac Kohane, David Korn, Russell Korobkin, Bernard Lo, Geoffrey Lomax, Kimberly Hensle Lowrance, Holly Fernandez Lynch, Bradley A. Malin, Karen J. Maschke, Eric M. Meslin, P. Pearl O'Rourke, Quinn T. Ostrom, David Peloquin, Rebecca Pentz, Jane Perlmutter, Ivor Pritchard, Suzanne M. Rivera, Erin Rothwell, Andrew P. Rusczek, Rachel E. Sachs, Carol Weil, David Wendler, Benjamin Wilfond, Susan M. Wolf
Spectacles and Specters: A Performative Theory of Political Trials
by Başak ErtürSpectacles and Specters draws on theories of performativity to conceptualize the entanglements of law and political violence, offering a radical departure from accounts that consider political trials as instrumental in exercising or containing political violence. Legal scholar Başak Ertür argues instead that making sense of the often incalculable interpenetrations of law, politics, and violence in trials requires shifting the focus away from law’s instrumentality to its performativity.Ertür develops a theory of political trials by reconstructing and building on a legacy of critical thought on Nuremberg in close engagement with theories of performativity. She then offers original case studies that introduce a new perspective by looking beyond the Holocaust trials, to the Armenian genocide and its fragmentary legal aftermaths. These cases include the 1921 trial of Soghomon Tehlirian, the 2007-21 Hrant Dink Murder Trial, and the 2015 case before the European Court of Human Rights concerning the denial of the Armenian genocide. Enabling us to capture the various modalities in which the political emerges in, through and in relation to legal forms on the stage of the trial, this focus on law’s performativity also allows us to account for how sovereign schemes can misfire and how trials can come to have unintended political lives and afterlives. Further, it reveals how law is entangled with and perpetuates certain histories of violence, rather than simply ever mastering these histories or providing closure.
The Specter of Dictatorship: Judicial Enabling of Presidential Power (Stanford Studies in Law and Politics)
by David M. DriesenReveals how the U.S. Supreme Court's presidentialism threatens our democracy and what to do about it. Donald Trump's presidency made many Americans wonder whether our system of checks and balances would prove robust enough to withstand an onslaught from a despotic chief executive. In The Specter of Dictatorship, David Driesen analyzes the chief executive's role in the democratic decline of Hungary, Poland, and Turkey and argues that an insufficiently constrained presidency is one of the most important systemic threats to democracy. Driesen urges the U.S. to learn from the mistakes of these failing democracies. Their experiences suggest, Driesen shows, that the Court must eschew its reliance on and expansion of the "unitary executive theory" recently endorsed by the Court and apply a less deferential approach to presidential authority, invoked to protect national security and combat emergencies, than it has in recent years. Ultimately, Driesen argues that concern about loss of democracy should play a major role in the Court's jurisprudence, because loss of democracy can prove irreversible. As autocracy spreads throughout the world, maintaining our democracy has become an urgent matter.
Specters of the Atlantic: Finance Capital, Slavery, and the Philosophy of History
by Ian BaucomIn September 1781, the captain of the British slave ship Zong ordered 133 slaves thrown overboard, enabling the ship's owners to file an insurance claim for their lost "cargo. " Accounts of this horrific event quickly became a staple of abolitionist discourse on both sides of the Atlantic. Ian Baucom revisits, in unprecedented detail, the Zong atrocity, the ensuing court cases, reactions to the event and trials, and the business and social dealings of the Liverpool merchants who owned the ship. Drawing on the work of an astonishing array of literary and social theorists, including Walter Benjamin, Giovanni Arrighi, Jacques Derrida, and many others, he argues that the tragedy is central not only to the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the political and cultural archives of the black Atlantic but also to the history of modern capital and ethics. To apprehend the Zong tragedy, Baucom suggests, is not to come to terms with an isolated atrocity but to encounter a logic of violence key to the unfolding history of Atlantic modernity. Baucom contends that the massacre and the trials that followed it bring to light an Atlantic cycle of capital accumulation based on speculative finance, an economic cycle that has not yet run its course. The extraordinarily abstract nature of today's finance capital is the late-eighteenth-century system intensified. Yet, as Baucom highlights, since the late 1700s, this rapacious speculative culture has had detractors. He traces the emergence and development of a counter-discourse he calls melancholy realism through abolitionist and human-rights texts, British romantic poetry, Scottish moral philosophy, and the work of late-twentieth-century literary theorists. In revealing how the Zong tragedy resonates within contemporary financial systems and human-rights discourses, Baucom puts forth a deeply compelling, utterly original theory of history: one that insists that an eighteenth-century atrocity is not past but present within the future we now inhabit.
Spectrum Auctions and Competition in Telecommunications
by Gerhard Illing Ulrich KlühThis book collects essays on this topic by leading analysts of telecommunications and the European auction experience, all but one presented at a November 2001 CESifo conference; comments and responses are included as well, to preserve some of the controversy .