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Tax Policy, Women and the Law
by Ann MumfordTax policy frequently targets the choices that women face in many aspects of their lives. Decisions regarding working away from home, having children, marrying, registering a partnership or cohabiting with a partner all entail tax consequences. The end of the twentieth century saw progress in women's legal and social equality, but many governments began to increase their reliance on the tax system as a means of influencing the choices that women make. The juxtaposition of this instrumentalist deployment of tax with persisting economic inequality for women is the starting point for this book. Employing a range of theoretical approaches, and grounding its investigations in sociological theory and cultural philosophy, it provides the foundation for a comparative, contextual consideration of the issues that arise at the intersection of women, tax policy and the law.
Tax Savvy for Small Business: A Complete Tax Strategy Guide
by Frederick W. DailyUnderstanding taxes is an essential part of any small business—small business owners need to know about business deductions, writing off business assets, and the tax consequences of business decisions. <P><P> This book provides all this information and more so business owners can make the best tax-related decisions about how to run their business. <P><P> It is completely updated to cover the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and how it affects small business owners.
Tax Savvy for Small Business
by Frederick W. Daily Jeffrey A QuinnGetting your tax matters on track will free up your time to do what really counts: run a profitable business. Tax Savvy for Small Business can help you create a business tax strategy that can save you time, energy and money. It shows you how to: deduct operating expenses deduct travel, vehicle and entertainment expenses take advantage of tax credits write off long-term assets compare business structures keep solid business records handle an IRS audit ThIS completely updated edition of Tax Savvy for Small Business explains the latest tax breaks and IRS rules and forms.
Tax Savvy for Small Business: A Complete Tax Strategy Guide
by Frederick W. Daily Jeffrey A QuinnCreate a business tax strategy that will save you time, energy and money Getting your tax matters on track will free up your time to do what really counts: run a profitable business. Tax Savvy for Small Business shows you how to: deduct operating expenses deduct travel, vehicle and entertainment expenses take advantage of tax credits write off long-term assets compare business structures keep solid business records, and handle an IRS audit. This completely updated edition of Tax Savvy for Small Business explains the latest tax breaks and IRS rules and forms.
Tax Sovereignty and the Law in the Digital and Global Economy (Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Law)
by Francesco FarriThis book discusses which is the most appropriate tax dimension to best manage the new horizons of the global and digital economy. In this perspective, the efficiency of the main models is examined and two fundamental proposals are put forth: the first one aims at a coordination of the Destination-Based approach with the role of some specific digital assets, such as user data; the second one is a framework for a possible futuristic tax phenomenon all internal to the world of the internet and not linked to traditional territorial States. The compliance of these models with the constitutional principles that western democratic systems have affirmed over time in matters of taxation is then analyzed with particular regard to legal certainty, consent to taxation and to the re-distributive function of taxes. A specific evaluation of the role of the European Union is carried out and the jurisprudence on financial interests of the Union and on State aids is analyzed and tackled in light of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and of the tax sovereignty of member States. The conclusion is that the model of the organization with a general political purpose, from which modern States take their inspiration, appears unfailing for a tax project that would focus on the good and the growth of the person and of the social aggregations in which everyone lives. A model that therefore deserves to be safeguarded, although with new methods and instruments, starting from a Destination-Based Asset-Coordinated approach, in the Third Millennium. The book will be of interest to researchers and academics in international tax law, constitutional law and in political science.
Tax Tips That Add Up: 150 Tax Saving Strategies
by Darren GleesonThis book details 150 tax saving strategies and ideas that if implemented will save you tax. It doesn't matter whether you are an employee, investor, or business owner; there are tax strategies that may apply to your circumstances. Often taxpayers, and even many accounting professionals, are unaware of all the tax saving strategies that are available. This is understandable really as the Australian taxation system is extremely complicated and ever changing. Up to date information is the key to ensuring you are not paying more tax than necessary. The focus of this book is to educate and enlighten taxpayers and professionals alike about 150 selected tax saving strategies that are legally available. Taxpayers should only pay the exact amount of tax they are legally required too and not a dollar more. How knowledgeable and 'switched on' is your accounting professional?
Taxation: A Fieldwork Research Handbook
by Lynne OatsTaxation is a subject of enquiry that cuts across a range of disciplines, including law, economics, politics, psychology, history and accountancy, to name a few. However, research into taxation as a social and institutional phenomenon – rather than as abstraction from the real world – is largely neglected. Taxation: A Fieldwork Research Handbook opens up new avenues of enquiry in the research of taxation by offering suggestions on how research might be conducted into actual tax practice, rather than abstract models. This book: Introduces tax as a field of enormous potential for research to all social scientists Explains the methodological issues relating to tax research Provides new opportunities for tax researchers to widen the scope of their enquiries Encourages researchers to think differently about this subject Given the importance of taxation to modern society, not only as a revenue raising mechanism, but also as a tool of governance used to influence social actors, this unique text is a vital read for any social science researcher interested in this subject.
Taxation History, Theory, Law and Administration (Springer Texts in Business and Economics)
by Parthasarathi ShomeTax practitioners are unfamiliar with tax theory. Tax economists remain unfamiliar with tax law and tax administration. Most textbooks relate mainly to the US, UK or European experiences. Students in emerging economies remain unfamiliar with their own taxation history. This textbook fills those gaps. It covers the concept of taxes in regards to their rationale, principles, design, and common errors. It addresses distortions in consumer choices and production decisions caused by tax and redressals. The main principles of taxation—efficiency, equity, stabilization, revenue productivity, administrative feasibility, international neutrality—are presented and discussed. The efficiency principle requires the minimisation of distortions in the market caused by tax. Equity in taxation is another principle that is maintained through progressivity in the tax structure. Similarly, other principles have their own ramifications that are also addressed. A country’s constitutional specification of tax assignment to different levels of government—central, state, municipal—are elaborated. The UK is more centralised than the US and India. India has amended its constitution to introduce a goods and services tax (GST) covering both central and state governments. Drafting of tax law is crucial for clarity and this aspect is addressed. Furthermore, the author illustrates different types of taxes such as individual income tax, corporate income tax, wealth tax, retail sales/value added/goods and services tax, selective excises, property tax, minimum taxes such as the minimum alternate tax (MAT), cash-flow tax, financial transactions tax, fringe benefits tax, customs duties and export taxes, environment tax and global carbon tax, and user charges. An emerging concern regarding the inadequacy of international taxation of multinational corporations is covered in some detail. Structural aspects of tax administration are given particular attention.
Taxation in the Digital Economy: New Models in Asia and the Pacific (Routledge Studies in Development Economics)
by Nella Hendriyetty, Chris Evans, Chul Ju Kim, and Farhad Taghizadeh-HesaryA robust and efficient tax administration in a modern tax system requires effective tax policies and legislation. Policy frameworks should cover all aspects of tax administration and include the essential processes of capturing, processing, analyzing, and responding to information provided by taxpayers and others concerning taxpayers’ affairs. By far the greatest challenges facing tax administrations in all countries are those posed by the continuing developments in the digital economy. Whereas societies are grappling to come to terms with the transitions from the third industrial or digital revolutions, revenue authorities grapple with the consequences for the sustainability of their tax bases and the efficient administration and collection of taxes. This book presents a critical review of the status of tax systems in Asia and the Pacific in the era of the digital economy. The book suggests how countries can maximize their domestic resource mobilization when confronted by the challenges that digitalization inevitably produces, as well as how they can best harness or take advantage of aspects of digitalization to serve their own needs. The full implications of the COVID-19 crisis are still too uncertain to predict, but it is clear that the crisis will accelerate the trend towards digitalization and also increase pressures on public finances. This, in turn, may shape the preference for, and the nature of, both multilateral and unilateral responses to the tax challenges posed by digitalization and the need to address them. This book will be a timely reference for those researching on taxation in digital economy and for policy makers.
Taxation of Big Data
by Xavier Oberson Alara Efsun YazıcıoğluThis book has the merit of being the first book analysing different aspects of data taxation from a wide perspective encompassing not only tax law but also other significant issues related to data, such as data protection and economic inefficiencies. The main aim is to provide data-specific solutions to data-driven problems. In the midst of a number of critical issues and a great deal of uncertainty currently reigning in the field, the authors attempt to put forward easy-to-implement and efficient proposals on the basis of an interdisciplinary analysis. The core idea of this book consists of segregating the utilisation of data into four different yet interdependent steps and constructing the tax law analysis on top of these four corner stones. Step one, occurring in the generation and collection phases of the data’s life cycle, comprises ‘the digital barter’ and other collection of data. Step two, taking place during the processing and analytics phases of the data’s life cycle, consists of microwork. Step three, situated in the storage, processing, analytics and use phases of the data’s life cycle, encompasses aggregation and internal use of data. Step four, materialising during the distribution and use phases of the data’s life cycle, covers sale of data, transfer of data and granting the right to use a database. The main issues occurring in each of the four steps are analysed separately, and yet interdependently, with an emphasis on international tax law. The book also comprises a VAT analysis; suggestion of a new type of tax, namely «data collection tax»; and a brief opinion on a potential future «robo-data tax». The subjects explored in this book are of interest for researchers, lawyers as well as tax administrations. Albeit being an academic publication, the developments made in this contribution are also relevant for the general public. After all, data, the youngest intangible, constitute the raw material of the fourth industrial revolution; and their use and taxation affect each and every citizen!
The Taxation of Corporate Groups under Consolidation
by Antony TingThe rise of corporate groups in the last century dictates a shift in the income tax law: instead of treating each company as a separate taxpayer, the tax consolidation regime is increasingly common. Antony Ting presents the first comprehensive comparative study of eight consolidation regimes in Australia, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain and the USA. In the study, he critically analyses and compares alternative policy options with respect to ten key structural elements. The study improves understanding of the design and implementation of consolidation regimes and sets the stage for the search for a model. It provides valuable information with respect to the best practices, as well as the pitfalls, in the design of a consolidation regime. The book is essential to countries contemplating the introduction of a new consolidation regime and offers important insights into the management of such a complex structure through careful policy-orientated choices.
The Taxation of Energy-Sector Assets: Polish Tax Legislation on the Eve of Energy Transformation (SpringerBriefs in Energy)
by Wojciech Morawski Adam KałążnyThis book answers the question: is Polish property tax legislation ready for the upcoming energy transformation?In Poland, real estate tax (property tax) is a material cost for property owners in energy because of the high value assets used by the sector. At the same time, unclear provisions of Polish tax law and variable jurisprudence can make it challenging for entrepreneurs to predict their tax bills. The current provisions of Polish tax law are often not well adjusted to the reality of modern economy, particularly in the case of assets used in the renewable energy sector. The book describes the problems that face taxpayers, tax authorities, and the administrative courts trying to apply current real estate tax provisions to renewable energy assets. The authors also examine the question of whether Polish legislators treat traditional and renewable sources of energy fairly.The readers of this book will be practitioners and researchers who are interested in issues of renewable energy taxation.
Taxation of Hybrid Financial Instruments and the Remuneration Derived Therefrom in an International and Cross-border Context: Issues and Options for Reform
by Sven-Eric BärschDespite the enormous diversity and complexity of financial instruments, the current taxation of hybrid financial instruments and the remuneration derived therefrom are characterized by a neat division into dividend-generating equity and interest-generating debt as well as by a coexistence of source- and residence-based taxation. This book provides a comparative analysis of the classification of hybrid financial instruments in the national tax rules currently applied by Australia, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands as well as in the relevant tax treaties and EU Directives. Moreover, based on selected hybrid financial instruments, mismatches in these tax classifications, which lead to tax planning opportunities and risks and thus are in conflict with the single tax principle, are identified. To address these issues, the author provides reform options that are in line with the dichotomous debt-equity framework, as he/she suggests the coordination of either tax classifications or tax treatments.
Taxation of Income from Domestic and Cross-border Collective Investment: A Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison
by Markus Hammer Andreas OestreicherThe Fund Reporting Cloud® has made tax reporting less complex, but comparing the effective tax treatment of investment funds and their investors in an international environment is still an ambitious task. Against this background, this study examines the tax consequences at fund, asset, and investor level. In geographical terms our comparison covers eleven European countries, the USA, and Japan. Our analysis of the relevant tax provisions, which is of a primarily qualitative nature, is complemented by a quantitative comparison of the tax burden for a model investor investing assets nationally in the form of a collective investment. It will be of interest both for investors seeking tax advantages and for governments to check whether there is a need for tax reforms. It also ties in perfectly with the current evaluations at OECD level in the context of TRACE.
Taxation of Individual Income
by J. Martin Burke Michael K. FrielThe twelfth edition of Taxation of Individual Income approaches the study of individual income tax through the problem method. The text is designed as a series of self-contained chapters featuring a set of problems, assignments to pertinent Code and Regulation provisions, an overview of the chapter topic, and edited cases and administrative materials as well as self-assessment tools.
Taxation of Individual Income (Tenth Edition)
by J. Martin Burke Michael K. FrielTaxation of Individual Income is a leading casebook that employs a unique problem method, which many past students have found to be highly effective, stimulating, challenging and enjoyable. Students are provided material that allow them to arrive at their own conclusions about income tax concepts, rather than the text merely setting out such concepts for them. Each chapter begins with a set of problems with learning objectives and a list of relevant terms without definitions. These features are then followed by a detailed overview, relevant cases, administrative rulings, and legislative history. After reading the materials, students return to the beginning of the chapter to address the problems and define the vocabulary terms.
The Taxation of Permanent Establishments: A Critical Analysis of the Authorised OECD Approach and Its Implementation in German Tax Law under Specific Consideration of the Challenges Imposed to the PE Concept by the Digitalisation of the Economy (Hallesche Schriften zur Betriebswirtschaft #37)
by Sven HentschelThis book provides a comprehensive analysis of the rules governing the taxation of permanent establishments as implemented in the OECD Model Tax Convention and German national tax law. Deviations between the OECD approach and the German approach are identified and modifications to the rules as a result of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project are examined. Moreover, challenges imposed to the PE concept as a result of the digitalisation of the economy are identified and discussed. Against this background, the Pillar One Blueprint proposing a long-term solution to overcome the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy is presented and assessed against widely accepted overarching principles of tax policy.
The Taxation of Petroleum and Minerals: Principles, problems and practice
by Philip Daniel Michael Keen Charles McphersonThere are few areas of economic policy-making in which the returns to good decisions are so highâ "and the punishment of bad decisions so cruelâ "as in the management of natural resource wealth. Rich endowments of oil, gas and minerals have set some countries on courses of sustained and robust prosperity; but they have left others riddled with corruption and persistent poverty, with little of lasting value to show for squandered wealth. And amongst the most important of these decisions are those relating to the tax treatment of oil, gas and minerals. This book will be of interest to Economics postgraduates and researchers working on resource issues, as well as professionals working on taxation of oil, gas and minerals/mining.
Taxes in America: What Everyone Needs to Know
by Leonard E. Burman Joel SlemrodThe book focuses on U.S. tax policy and offers an overview of state and local taxation in the United States, with main focus on federal taxes.
Taxi! Cabs and Capitalism in New York City
by Biju MathewIn recent years, however, the working conditions and the nature of cab ownership have changed. As Biju Mathew reveals in this lively account of the benefits and hardships in the lives of today's taxi drivers, just about everything has changed dramatically except the yellow paint. At once a passionate declaration of worker solidarity and an ethnography of work, Taxi is a compelling narrative of the lives of immigrant taxi drivers in New York City. This updated edition covers the formation of the International Taxi Workers Alliance, the unusual collaboration with the Central Labor Council, and 2007 taxi strikes protesting New York City's plan requiring taxicabs to install costly global positioning systems and credit-card machines.
Taxing America (Critical America #44)
by Mary Louise Fellows Karen B. BrownIn the winter of 1996, Steve Forbes--publisher, heir, and presidential candidate--captured the American imagination with his proposal for a flat tax. But while Mr. Forbes claimed that such a tax would level the economic playing field by eliminating countless loopholes and miles of red tape, his actual proposal betrayed such claims to fairness by overtaxing workers and undertaxing financial capital. In the face of recent proposals for dramatic and far-reaching tax reform, Taxing America takes a critical look at the way the federal government collects its revenue and exposes the bias at the heart of a system which claims to be objective and fair. Contrary to traditional tax scholarship, these writers argue that an awareness of disability discrimination, economic exploitation, heterosexism, sexism and racism is crucial to any analysis of tax policy. Gathering together essays whose topics range from federal housing policy to environmental clean-up costs to tax treaty policy making, Karen B. Brown and Mary Louise Fellows present a philosophy that is as simple as it is radical: economic arrangements contribute significantly to the creation of social hierarchies and the perpetuation of discrimination. Given this reality, Brown and Fellows maintain that the goal of the federal tax law should be social justice and the disruption of discriminatory and exploitative practices.
Taxing Culture: Towards a Theory of Tax Collection Law (Socio-Legal Studies #14)
by Ann MumfordThe introduction of self-assessment for income tax collection in the late 1990s marked a striking moment of cultural convergence between the UK and the US. This book analyses the socio-political factors leading to and resulting from this fundamental change in the relationship between taxpayers and the Inland Revenue, using perspectives in comparative law and the new outlooks of modern tax and cultural theory. It will be of interest to those studying theories of compliance, cultural legal studies, and law and society.
Taxing Ourselves, fifth edition: A Citizen's Guide to the Debate over Taxes (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Joel Slemrod Jon BakijaThe new edition of a popular guide to the key issues in tax reform, presented in a clear, nontechnical, and unbiased way.To follow the debate over tax reform, the interested citizen is often forced to choose between misleading sound bites and academic treatises. Taxing Ourselves bridges the gap between the oversimplified and the arcane, presenting the key issues clearly and without a political agenda. Tax policy experts Joel Slemrod and Jon Bakija lay out in accessible language what is known and not known about how taxes affect the economy and offer guidelines for evaluating tax systems—both the current tax system and proposals to reform it. This fifth edition has been extensively revised to incorporate the latest data, empirical evidence, and tax law. It offers new material on recent tax reform proposals, expanded coverage of international tax issues, and the latest enforcement initiatives. Offering historical perspectives, outlining the basic criteria by which tax policy should be judged (fairness, economic impact, enforceability), examining proposals for both radical change (replacement of the income tax with a flat tax or consumption tax) and incremental changes to the current system, and concluding with a voter's guide, the book provides readers with enough background to make informed judgments about how we should tax ourselves.Praise for earlier editions“An excellent book.”—Jeff Medrick, New York Times“A fair-minded exposition of a politically loaded subject.”—Kirkus Reviews
Taxing the Digital Economy: Theory, Policy and Practice (Cambridge Tax Law Series)
by Craig ElliffeThe question of how to tax multinational companies that operate highly digitalised business models is one of the most contested areas of international taxation. The tax paid in the jurisdictions in which these companies operate has not kept pace with their immense growth and the OECD has proposed a new international tax compromise that will allocate taxing rights to market jurisdictions and remove the need to have a physical presence in the taxing jurisdictions in order to sustain taxability. In this work, Craig Elliffe explains the problems with the existing international tax system and its inability to respond to challenges posed by digitalised companies. In addition to looking at how the new international tax rules will work, Elliffe assesses their likely effectiveness and highlights features that are likely to endure in the next waves of international tax reform.
TAXTOPIA: How I Discovered the Injustices, Scams and Guilty Secrets of the Tax Evasion Game
by The Rebel Accountant'A shocking, enraging, sometimes hilarious exposé of a tax system that lives down to all our worst fears of further enriching the wealthy at the expense of the little guys.' - Piers Morgan'Very funny (and furious)... By the end of the book you may be spluttering with rage at the injustice of it all. Page after page shows how the rich are exploiting loopholes to reduce their tax bill.... But this is not some crazed figure on the extreme left hoping to bring down the establishment. The book is written by an accountant who has spent his career coming up with the very tax avoidance schemes the super-wealthy use to evade the clutches of HMRC.' - The Telegraph'Funny, clever and really quite brilliant. Taxtopia will make you furiously angry and possibly even filthy rich.' - Tom Peck, The Independent'If you want to know how skewed the system is and how the rich always get richer and stay that way, while you don't, then read this book. Then get angry.' - Patrick Alley, Co-founder of Global Witness and author of Very Bad People'Taxtopia's anonymous author has done the impossible - created a hilarious and deeply troubling expose about how the world's shady tax system is exploited and proves what we always suspected - that our tax system is rigged against us. Read it and weep.' - Geraint Anderson author of City Boy'Would I recommend the book? For readers of Spear's, my answer is 'yes, and it may also be worth going back over some of the more interesting ideas with your accountant' -Spear's'The book is enormously readable ... I would very much recommend reading Taxtopia because it's the most hilarious book about tax I've ever read!' - Siân Pattenden, The BunkerIn TAXTOPIA a rogue accountant breaks ranks to share his journey from clueless naïf to skilled tax consultant -and in doing so blows the lid on the murky world of making the tax burdens of the ultra-wealthy disappear.In the topsy-turvy world of tax avoidance, you can get richer by buying a yacht, the world's biggest exporter of coffee is Switzerland, and billionaires like Jeff Bezos, Donald Trump and the Duke of Westminster often pay less tax than you do.Written with sharp wit and over-brimming with inside secrets, the anonymous author shows us that not only does the global tax system encourage dubious practice which favours the rich, but that it was specifically founded with that in mind.If you suspect that tax is a rigged game, a con, designed to fleece the little guy, you are about to find out just how shockingly true that really is.Welcome to TAXTOPIA.