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The International Law of Migrant Smuggling
by Anne T. Gallagher AO Fiona DavidWhether forced into relocation by fear of persecution, civil war, or humanitarian crisis, or pulled toward the prospect of better economic opportunities, more people are on the move than ever before. Opportunities for lawful entry into preferred destinations are decreasing rapidly, creating demand for a range of services that is increasingly being met by migrant smugglers: individuals or criminal groups who facilitate unauthorized entry into in another country for profit. This book, a companion volume to the award-winning The International Law of Human Trafficking, presents the first-ever comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the international law of migrant smuggling. The authors call on their direct experience of working with the United Nations to chart the development of new international laws and to link these specialist rules to other relevant areas of international law, including law of the sea, human rights law, and international refugee law. Through this analysis, the authors identify and explain the major legal obligations of States with respect to migrant smuggling, including those related to criminalization, interdiction and rescue at sea, protection, prevention, detention, and return.
The International Law of Peacebuilding: Engaging the Conflict Resolution and Peace Community (Studies in Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding)
by Omar GrechThis book contributes to the debate on the international law of post-conflict peacebuilding and suggests a need for closer connections between practitioners and lawyers.The work argues that significant benefits accrue when lawyers and conflict/peace practitioners, and scholars work with each other to develop a normative framework for building peace. It also attempts to bridge the divisions that exist between lawyers and the conflict resolution/peace community in the specific context of the international law of post-conflict peacebuilding. After introducing the key concepts of the international law of peacebuilding, the book explores aspects of the relationship between lawyers and peacebuilding practitioners and offers ideas about how this relationship might be improved. It then proceeds to identify some principles and processes developed by conflict resolution specialists that may inform and influence discrete parts of the international law of peacebuilding. The work concludes by identifying sites and ways in which international lawyers and conflict resolution/peace specialists may engage with each other to shape this branch of international law.This book will be of much interest to students of peace and conflict studies, international law and International Relations.
The International Law of Responsibility for Economic Crimes: Holding State Officials Individually Liable for Acts of Fraudulent Enrichment
by Ndiva Kofele-KaleFocusing on the problem of indigenous spoliation in developing countries, this work explores the controversial issue of spoliation by national officials of the wealth of the states of which they are custodians. Due to constraints of the state system and the lack of appropriate substantive municipal law, efforts to punish those responsible for the economic rape of entire nations and to recover spoliated funds have been frustrated and rendered insubstantial. Taking a multidisciplinary approach and on the basis of data generated from empirical, cross-national research, this study makes the case for indigenous spoliation as a violation of international law. Substantially revised and updated to take account of recent legal and political developments, the second edition will be a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, NGOs, and policymakers.
The International Law of Sovereign Debt Dispute Settlement (Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law)
by Kei NakajimaThe first two decades of the twenty-first century witnessed a series of large-scale sovereign defaults and debt restructurings, in which sovereigns struggled to negotiate with recalcitrant bondholders, particularly hedge funds. Also, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 heralded a bleak financial outlook for many developing and emerging market countries, requiring sovereign debt restructuring in times of great macroeconomic uncertainty. Given the absence of a multilateral mechanism for sovereign debt restructuring equivalent to domestic corporate bankruptcy system, however, defaulted sovereigns often suffer from holdout litigation wrought by bondholders. This book proposes ways in which such legal actions could be regulated without the undue expense of bondholders' remedies by exploring the mechanism of balancing bondholder protection and respect for sovereign debt restructuring at various stages of litigation and arbitration proceedings.
The International Law of Transboundary Groundwater Resources (Earthscan Water Text)
by Gabriel EcksteinThis book provides a comprehensive review of the state of international law as it applies to transboundary groundwater resources and aquifers. The main focus is on recent developments and the emerging international law for transboundary aquifers as reflected in the practice of states and the work of the UN International Law Commission, UN Economic Commission for Europe, and International Law Association. The author takes an interdisciplinary approach to the subject matter and provides the scientific hydro-geological underpinning for the application of law and policy to transboundary groundwater resources. He also addresses the growing global dependence on this hidden resource, as well as both the historical and scientific context for development of the law. The book provides case examples throughout to illustrate the various concepts and developments. These include more detailed examinations of the few existing transboundary aquifer agreements in operation, such as for aquifers between France and Switzerland and Jordan and Saudi Arabia, as well as aquifers in North Africa and in South America.
The International Law of the Sea
by Yoshifumi TanakaThis new edition has been fully revised and updated to include the contemporary issues together with new cases delivered by international courts and tribunals, such as the ICJ, ITLOS and Arbitral Tribunals, treaties, UN resolutions, and other instruments. It retains the clear chapter structure of the first edition, but has expanded the topics on marine spaces beyond national jurisdiction, maritime delimitation, protection of the marine environment. A new concluding chapter has also been included and presents a perspective on the future development of the international law of the sea. Detailed footnotes and further reading sections, combined with illustrations and tables ensure understanding of the subject. By offering clarity of expression and academic rigour, The International Law of the Sea remains the best choice for students.
The International Law of the Sea: The Cases Of Zonal And Integrated Management In International Law Of The Sea (The\ashgate International Law Ser.)
by Yoshifumi TanakaThis new edition has been fully revised to include up-to-date coverage of essential issues of the international law of the sea. Covering a number of new and important issues, such as the headline debate of migrant movement across the seas, and the definition of islands in light of the South China Sea Arbitration, it also includes chapters on conservation of marine living resources and biological diversity, protection of the marine environment, and international peace and security at sea, as well as building further on such topics as the impact of climate change on the oceans. A precise and readable book, with many figures and tables, The International Law of the Sea continues to be the best choice for students wanting to understand the law of the sea.
The International Law of the Shipmaster (Maritime and Transport Law Library)
by John A. Cartner Richard Fiske Tara LeiterA comprehensive review of the laws and regulations governing the shipmaster including customary law, case law, statutory law, treaty law and regulatory law, covering: • A brief history of the shipmaster • Manning and crewing requirements in relation to vessel registration • Comparison of regimes of law of agency for shipmasters and crews across jurisdictions • Examination of shipmaster liability (civil and criminal)
The International Law on Climate Change
by Benoit MayerGlobal climate change is a topic of continuously growing interest. As more international treaties come into force, media coverage has increased and many universities are now starting to conduct courses specifically on climate change laws and policies. This textbook provides a survey of the international law on climate change, explaining how significant international agreements have sought to promote compliance with general norms of international law. Benoit Mayer provides an account of the rules agreed upon through lengthy negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and multiple other forums on mitigation, geoengineering, adaptation, loss and damage and international support. The International Law on Climate Change is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students studying climate, environmental or international law. It is supported by a suite of online resources featuring regularly updated lists of complementary materials and weblinks, and annually updated briefs for specific chapters.
The International Law on Foreign Investment
by M. SornarajahGiven recent seismic upheavals in the world's money markets, an updated edition of an authoritative, reliable textbook on the international law of foreign investment has rarely been so timely. Sornarajah's classic text surveys how international law has developed to protect foreign investments by multinational actors and to control any misconduct on their part. It analyses treaty-based methods, examining the effectiveness of bilateral and regional investment treaties. It also considers the reverse flow of investments from emerging industrialising powers such as China and Brazil and explores the retreat from market oriented economics to regulatory controls. By offering thought-provoking analysis of not only the law, but related developments in economics and political sciences, Sornarajah gives immediacy and relevance to the discipline. This book is required reading for all postgraduate and undergraduate international law students specialising in the law of foreign investments.
The International Law on Foreign Investment
by M. SornarajahFollowing the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), the demonstrations against investor-state arbitration and the wide discussion during the 2016 US presidential election, the climate surrounding foreign investment law is one of controversy and change, and with implications for human rights and environmental protection, foreign investment law has gained widespread public attention and visibility. Addressing the pressing need to examine foreign investment law in the context of public international law, the role of the multinational corporation in foreign investment and issues of liability for environmental and other damage, this new edition analyses contractual and treaty-based methods of investment protection and examines the effectiveness of bilateral and regional investment treaties. By offering thought-provoking analysis of the law in historical, political and economic contexts, this fully updated edition of Sornarajah's classic text captures leading trends and charts the possible course of future developments. Suitable for postgraduate and undergraduate students, The International Law on Foreign Investment is essential reading for anyone specialising in the law of foreign investments.
The International Law on Foreign Investment
by M. SornarajahThe climate surrounding foreign investment law is one of controversy and change, and with implications for human rights and environmental protection, foreign investment law has gained widespread public attention and visibility. This fully updated edition of Sornarajah's classic text offers thought-provoking analysis of the law in historical, political and economic contexts, capturing leading trends and charting the possible course of future developments. It takes into account the newer types of treaties that establish a regulatory space for states and moves away from inflexible investment protection, exploring the newly created defences relating to environment, human rights, indigenous rights and other areas ending the fragmentation of the law. It looks at the current debates on legitimacy of the system and current efforts at reform. Suitable for postgraduate and undergraduate students, The International Law on Foreign Investment is essential reading for anyone specialising in the law of foreign investments.
The International Legal Governance of the Human Genome (Genetics and Society)
by Chamundeeswari KuppuswamyThe human genome is a well known symbol of scientific and technological progress in the twenty-first century. However, concerns about the exacerbation of inequalities between the rich and the poor, the developing and the developed states, the healthy and the unhealthy are causing problems for the progress of scientific research. The international community is moving towards a human rights approach in addressing these concerns. Such an approach will be piecemeal and ineffective so long as fundamental issues about economic, social and cultural rights, the so-called second generation of human rights, are not addressed. This book argues that, in order to be able to meaningfully apply a human rights framework to the governance of the human genome, the international human rights framework should be based on a unified theory of human rights where the distinction between positive and negative rights is set aside. The book constructs a common heritage concept with the right to development at its core and explores the content of the right to development through rational human rights theory. It is argued that the notion of property rights in the human genome should be placed within the context of protecting human rights, including the right to development. The concept of common heritage of humanity, contrary to the widely held belief that it is in opposition to patenting of gene sequences, supports human rights-based conceptions of property rights. This book fills a gap in the literature on international legal governance of the human genome will provide an essential reference point for research into the right to development, development issues in bioethics, the role of international institutions in law making and research governance.
The International Legal Order in Global Governance: Norms, Power and Policy
by Alain GermeauxThe space occupied by international law in shaping political action is subject to continuing debate and controversy. This book aims to answer the question of how and why international law impacts the behaviour of actors on the international stage in the absence of central authority and faced with asymmetric power. At a time when the role of normative restraints in international relations, and international law in particular, has come under renewed questioning, it advances an analytical framework for understanding the effect of norms on behaviour that is not contingent on material restraints or a given political constellation, while being informed by the practical realities and practice of international organisation. In doing so, this book draws on an interdisciplinary range of sources, including international law, political theory, cognitive psychology and behavioural economics to explore a communicative action-based approach of how norms and ideas persuade actors to engage in a course of action consonant with international law to achieve a particular outcome. In probing the role of norms on questions such as the use of force and accountability, and issues of equity and justice, it examines the challenges international law faces and what the way forward may look like.
The International Maritime Organisation: Volume 1 (Routledge Revivals)
by Samir MankabadyOriginally published in 1984, this book provides a survey of the shipping rules adopted under the auspices of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) during the latter part of the 20th Century. Its scope is wide-ranging, and, since the measures adopted by the IMO cover a great variety of disciplines, the papers in this book are written with clarity and authority by a number of experts
The International Maritime Organisation: Volume 2: Accidents at Sea (Routledge Revivals)
by Samir MankabadyOriginally published in 1987, this book provides a comprehensive manual to the international law governing accidents at sea during the 1980s. It is a complementary study to International Maritime Organisation, now recognised as a standard work on this UN agency. Among the subjects covered in Part 1 are: reporting and investigation of accidents; accidents caused by collision; civil and criminal liability; accidents caused by non-marking wrecks. Part 2 deals with the consequences of accidents and contains a considerable body of law and regulations on oil and chemical pollution, salvage and personal injury
The International Tax Revolution (Cambridge Tax Law Series)
by Christine Kim Reuven S. Avi-YonahThe International Tax Revolution offers the first comprehensive analysis of the profound changes in international taxation over the past decade, culminating in the landmark October 2021 agreement by over 140 countries to implement a global corporate minimum tax and modify profit allocation and nexus rules for the digital economy. The book provides a historical narrative of how the original International Tax Regime (ITR) crumbled under the pressures of globalization and tax competition between 1980 and 2008, and how the financial crisis of 2008-2010 and subsequent cuts to social welfare programs spurred governments to adopt new approaches to taxing multinational corporations. Chapters explore the impact of globalization and tax competition on countries' ability to provide a social safety net for their citizens, and outline how the world has come together to limit such competition, modify the outdated rules, and promote greater equity in the global tax system.
The International Trafficking of Human Organs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective (Advances in Police Theory and Practice)
by Leonard Territo Rande MattesonInternational illicit trade in human organs is on the increase, fueled by growing demand and unscrupulous traffickers. In order to truly understand the problem of organ trafficking, an analysis should take into account the various perspectives that come into play in this multifaceted issue. With contributions from international scholars and experts
The International Workers’ Relief, Communism, and Transnational Solidarity (Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements)
by Kasper BraskénThe International Workers’ Relief, Communism, and Transnational Solidarity.
The Internationalisation of Competition Rules (Routledge Research in Competition Law)
by Brendan J. SweeneyThe widespread move towards more market-driven models of political economy combined with the expanding internationalisation of business and commerce has led to a series of proposals for global competition rules. To date these proposals have been hotly contested. The purpose of this book is to investigate in some depth whether there is a rational foundation for pursuing international competition rules, and what form these laws should take. The book takes examples from existing competition laws around the world, in particular the US and the EU both of which have a long history of enforcing established competition rules.
The Internationalisation of Corruption: Scale, Impact and Countermeasures
by Clare Fletcher Daniela HerrmannCorruption scandals hit the headlines all around the world, across a diverse range of institutional, organisational and cultural settings. Corruption is a major obstacle to political, social and economic development - its 'internationalisation' has had profound implications for counter corruption efforts. The Internationalisation of Corruption provides readers with an analytical framework with which to approach the issue of corruption in international affairs, from the perspective of international studies as an interdisciplinary space in the social sciences. The authors also examine the implications of corruption in world politics, international business and global finance; how corruption is linked to transnational crime networks; and the consequences of corruption for international development and world health. The Internationalisation of Corruption addresses the following questions: ¢
The Internationalisation of Criminal Evidence
by Sarah J. Summers John D. JacksonAlthough there are many texts on the law of evidence, surprisingly few are devoted specifically to the comparative and international aspects of the subject. The traditional view that the law of evidence belongs within the common law tradition has obscured the reality that a genuinely cosmopolitan law of evidence is being developed in criminal cases across the common law and civil law traditions. By considering the extent to which a coherent body of common evidentiary standards is being developed in both domestic and international jurisprudence, John Jackson and Sarah Summers chart this development with particular reference to the jurisprudence on the right to a fair trial that has emerged from the European Court of Human Rights and to the attempts in the new international criminal tribunals to fashion agreed approaches towards the regulation of evidence.
The Internationalisation of Legal Education
by Christophe Jamin William Van CaenegemThis volume provides an overview of thestate of internationalisation of legal education (IOLE) in many civil law andcommon law countries. It provides a picture of the status of the debate aboutthe shape and degree of internationalisation in the curriculum in the differentcountries, and the debates surrounding the adoption of a more internationalapproach to legal education in the contemporary world. It is a compilation of the NationalReports submitted for the August 2014 Congress of the IACL held at Vienna, andcontains an introductory general report. Together, the reports examine suchquestions as: Why is the topic of internationalization of legal education on theagenda now? Why is it a relevant subject for examination today? Does the topic generatethe same level of interest everywhere in the world? Is enthusiasm for IOLEmainly driven by the academic sector, by government, by multinationalcorporations? Is the interest closely linked with the globalization of thepractice of law? Or is globalisation of law itself something of a myth, or areality reserved for only a very small percentage of practising lawyers aroundthe world? The general andnational reports make clear that there is indeed widespread interest in IOLE,and numerous disparate initiatives around the world. Nonetheless, some NationalReporters state that the topic is simply not on the agenda at all. All in all,the volume shows that the approachesto internationalisation are many and varied, but every jurisdiction recognisesthe importance of introducing aspiring lawyers to a more integrated globalenvironment.
The Internationalization of Palace Wars: Lawyers, Economists, and the Contest to Transform Latin American States
by Dezalay Yves Garth Bryant G.How does globalization work? Focusing on Latin America, Yves Dezalay and Bryant G. Garth show that exports of expertise and ideals from the United States to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico have played a crucial role in transforming their state forms and economies since World War II. Based on more than 300 extensive interviews with major players in governments, foundations, law firms, universities, and think tanks, Dezalay and Garth examine both the production of northern exports such as neoliberal economics and international human rights law and the ways they are received south of the United States. They find that the content of what is exported and how it fares are profoundly shaped by domestic struggles for power and influence-"palace wars"-in the nations involved. For instance, challenges to the eastern intellectual establishment influenced the Reagan-era export of University of Chicago-style neoliberal economics to Chile, where it enjoyed a warm reception from Pinochet and his allies because they could use it to discredit the previous regime. Innovative and sophisticated, The Internationalization of Palace Wars offers much needed concrete information about the transnational processes that shape our world.
The Internet Is Not What You Think It Is: A History, a Philosophy, a Warning
by Justin E. SmithAn original deep history of the internet that tells the story of the centuries-old utopian dreams behind it—and explains why they have died todayMany think of the internet as an unprecedented and overwhelmingly positive achievement of modern human technology. But is it? In The Internet Is Not What You Think It Is, Justin Smith offers an original deep history of the internet, from the ancient to the modern world—uncovering its surprising origins in nature and centuries-old dreams of radically improving human life by outsourcing thinking to machines and communicating across vast distances. Yet, despite the internet’s continuing potential, Smith argues, the utopian hopes behind it have finally died today, killed by the harsh realities of social media, the global information economy, and the attention-destroying nature of networked technology.Ranging over centuries of the history and philosophy of science and technology, Smith shows how the “internet” has been with us much longer than we usually think. He draws fascinating connections between internet user experience, artificial intelligence, the invention of the printing press, communication between trees, and the origins of computing in the machine-driven looms of the silk industry. At the same time, he reveals how the internet’s organic structure and development root it in the natural world in unexpected ways that challenge efforts to draw an easy line between technology and nature.Combining the sweep of intellectual history with the incisiveness of philosophy, The Internet Is Not What You Think It Is cuts through our daily digital lives to give a clear-sighted picture of what the internet is, where it came from, and where it might be taking us in the coming decades.