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Umweltschutz und Gefahrguttransport für Binnen- und Seeschifffahrt: Internationale, nationale und kommunale Übereinkommen
by Uwe JacobshagenDas Buch fasst die Rechtsgrundlagen auf internationaler, nationaler und kommunaler Ebene auf den Gebieten Umweltschutz und Gefahrgutrecht zusammen. Es werden Rechtsanwendungen für die Praxis dargestellt und Besonderheiten kommentiert. Der Einsatz in der Lehre ist mögliche, es kann aber auch als Fachbuch gute Dienste leisten und stellt vor allem für die Praxis einen Wissensspeicher dar.
Umweltstrafrecht (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by René BörnerDas vorliegende Lehrbuch vermittelt Studierenden und Rechtspraktikern eine schnelle Orientierung und sichere Wege zur Lösung praxisnaher Fälle im Umweltstrafrecht, dessen Bedeutung im Studium und in der Rechtspraxis rasant zunimmt. Die tiefgründig behandelte Rechtsdogmatik wird anhand klarer Strukturen und zahlreicher Beispiele didaktisch aufbereitet.
Umweltökonomik
by Bodo Sturm Carsten VogtUmweltökonomik bedeutet, nach Mitteln zur möglichst effizienten Bereitstellung von Umweltgütern wie etwa sauberes Wasser und Klimaschutz zu suchen. Dieses Buch führt in die Grundlagen der Umweltökonomik ein, stellt aber auch aktuelle Forschungsfragen vor. Die Theorie externer Effekte sowie die Besonderheiten von Umweltgütern werden ausführlich erläutert, ebenso umweltpolitische Instrumente - Steuern, Emissionshandel und Auflagen - zur Lösung von umweltrelevantem Marktversagen. Dabei legen die Autoren Wert auf Anwendungsorientierung und verständliche Darstellung mit geringem Einsatz formaler Methoden. Fallstudien beschäftigen sich mit externen Kosten des Verkehrs, der Ökologischen Steuerreform, dem EU-Emissionshandel und CO2-Standards für PKWs. Ein Themenschwerpunkt gilt dem Klimawandel und der Klimapolitik.
Un Acto Patriota
by Kenneth EadeLa muerte, la ley, en este orden en la Bahía de Guantánamo. Cuando un ciudadano americano nacionalizado aparece desaparecido en Irak, Brent Marks lucha contra el gobierno Goliat de EE.UU. con su propia Constitución. El contador de Santa Bárbara Ahmed Khury responde a la petición de su hermano, Sabeen, un presunto lavador de dinero en Irak. Antes de que Ahmed se dé cuenta de lo que le ha pasado, está en el campo de detención de la bahía de Guantánamo, siendo sometido a tortura para extraer información que no tiene. El drama fuera de la sala del tribunal explota, y cuando el asesinato, la corrupción y el encubrimiento entran en escena, nadie, incluyendo a Brent, está a salvo.
Un negocio verdadero: Cómo crear un lugar de trabajo rico en fe y en valores
by Michael CardoneFe. Oración. Generosidad. Liderazgo servicial.Si bien tales palabras rara vez llegan a escucharse en la sagacidad empresarialde hoy en día, CARDONE Industries las ha puesto en práctica durante casi cuatrodécadas para formar una de las fábricas de más éxito en todo el país.Con más de 5,000 empleados a nivel mundial, Michael CardoneJr., presidente de CARDONE Industries, argumenta que no importa cuál sea elambiente económico, los líderes pueden establecer principios sabios que fortalecenlos balances finales de cualquier compañía. Cardone escribe: "Al fondo, sé que soy un 'empresario conun alma', y como una extensión natural de mí mismo, quiero crear una 'empresacon alma'". Y lo que él empezó con su padre hace 40 años es más rentable, mejorenfocado y más fuerte que nunca.En Un negocio verdadero, Cardoneintroduce el Triple Balance Final, entre otros principios, mientras desafía alos líderes a medir el éxito de sus compañías a través de su prosperidadfinanciera, social y espiritual.
Un pueblo llamado Gaviotas: El lugar donde se reinventó el mundo
by Alan WeismanLos Lla nos #la región lluviosa situada en la zona oriental de Colombia, en guerra desde hace décadas# es una de las zonas más hostiles de la Tierra y el sorprendente escenario de una de las historias medioambientales más esperanzadoras jamás contadas. A finales de los 60, un joven experto en desarrollo, Paolo Lugari, se preguntó si la casi desierta y árida región podría hacerse habitable para la creciente población de su país. No podía imaginar que cuarenta años más tarde su experimento constituiría uno de los ejemplos más importantes de desarrollo sostenible, un pueblo permanente llamado Gaviotas.
Un-Veiling Dichotomies: European Secularism and Women’s Veiling (Boundaries of Religious Freedom: Regulating Religion in Diverse Societies)
by Giorgia BaldiThis book analyzes the implication of secular/liberal values in Western and human rights law and its impact on Muslim women. It offers an innovative reading of the tension between the religious and secular spheres. The author does not view the two as binary opposites. Rather, she believes they are twin categories that define specific forms of lives as well as a specific notion of womanhood. This divergence from the usual dichotomy opens the doors for a reinterpretation of secularism in contemporary Europe. This method also helps readers to view the study of religion vs. secularism in a new light. It allows for a better understanding of the challenges that contemporary Europe now faces regarding the accommodation of different religious identities. For instance, one entire section of the book concerns the practice of veiling and explores the contentious headscarf debate. It features case studies from Germany, France, and the UK. In addition, the analysis combines a wide range of disciplines and employs an integrated, comparative, and inter-disciplinary approach. The author successfully brings together arguments from different fields with a comparative legal and political analysis of Western and Islamic law and politics. This innovative study appeals to students and researchers while offering an important contribution to the debate over the role of religion in contemporary secular Europe and its impact on women’s rights and gender equality.
Una receta para no morir: Cartas a un joven médico
by Arnoldo Kraus«Arnoldo Kraus ha hecho de su vida una pasión por la muerte, o más bien una pasión por la vida y por el bien morir.» Eduardo Matos Moctezuma En esta obra, Arnoldo Kraus ofrece una visión integral y sucinta sobre saberes, coyunturas y deudas que ha debido adquirir, enfrentar y resolver a lo largo de sus años en el ejercicio de la medicina. El sustento de estas reflexiones es la experiencia práctica, pero no sólo ella; también varias lecturas, una posición de compromiso ético y la certeza de no saberlo todo. Tanto los aspirantes a médico como los lectores en general encontrarán aquí motivos para confiar en que no se ha roto definitivamente el vínculo entre humanismo y medicina.
Unacceptable: Privilege, Deceit & the Making of the College Admissions Scandal
by Melissa Korn Jennifer LevitzAn explosive true crime story of fraud, corruption, greed, celebrity, and justice in the cheating scandal that shattered the myth of meritocracy.The largest college admissions scam ever prosecuted by the Department of Justice broke on March 12, 2019, sending shock waves through American schools and families. In Unacceptable, veteran Wall Street Journal reporters Melissa Korn and Jennifer Levitz trace the wiretapped calls, covert payments, and blatant deceit that brought the feds to Beverly Hills mansions and Upper East Side apartments, their residents all linked by one man: college whisperer and ultimate hustler Rick Singer. The shocking tale at the heart of Unacceptable is how, over decades, the charismatic Singer easily exploited a system rigged against regular people. Exploring the status obsession that seduced entitled parents in search of an edge, Korn and Levitz detail a scheme that eventually entangled more than fifty conspirators—a catalog of wealth and privilege that included CEOs, lawyers, real-estate developers, financiers, and famous actresses, mingling in jail cells and courtrooms. Detailing Singer&’s steady rise and dramatic fall, woven with stories of key players in the case, Unacceptable exposes the ugly underbelly of elite college admissions as a game with no rule book—paid-off proctors and storied college coaches turning a blind eye, helicopter parents and coddled teens spinning lies—opening loopholes and side doors into America&’s most exclusive institutions.
Unaccompanied Children in European Migration and Asylum Practices: In Whose Best Interests? (Routledge Research in Asylum, Migration and Refugee Law)
by Mateja Sedmak Birgit Sauer Barbara GornikUnaccompanied minor migrants are underage migrants, who for various reasons leave their country and are separated from their parents or legal/customary guardians. Some of them live entirely by themselves, while others join their relatives or other adults in a foreign country. The concept of the best interests of a child is widely applied in international, national legal documents and several guidelines and often pertains to unaccompanied minor migrants given that they are separated from parents, who are not able to exercise their basic parental responsibilities. This book takes an in-depth look at the issues surrounding the best interests of the child in relation to unaccompanied minor migrants drawing on social, legal and political sciences in order to understand children’s rights not only as a matter of positive law but mainly as a social practice depending on personal biographies, community histories and social relations of power. The book tackles the interpretation of the rights of the child and the best interests principle in the case of unaccompanied minor migrants in Europe at political, legal and practical levels. In its first part the book considers theoretical aspects of children’s rights and the best interests of the child in relation to unaccompanied minor migrants. Adopting a critical approach to the implementation of the Convention of Rights of a Child authors nevertheless confirm its relevance for protecting minor migrants’ rights in practice. Authors deconstruct power relations residing within the discourses of children’s rights and best interests, demonstrating that these rights are constructed and decided upon by those in power who make decisions on behalf of those who do not possess authority. Authors further on explore normative and methodological aspects of Article 3 of the Convention on the Rights of a Child and its relevance for asylum and migration legislation. The second part of the book goes on to examine the actual legal framework related to unaccompanied minor migrants and implementation of children’s’ rights and their best interests in the reception, protection, asylum and return procedures. The case studies are based on from the empirical research, on interviews with key experts and unaccompanied minor migrants in Austria, France, Slovenia and United Kingdom. Examining age assessment procedures, unaccompanied minors’ survivals strategies and their everyday life in reception centres the contributors point to the discrepancy between the states’ obligations to take the best interest of the child into account when dealing with unaccompanied minor migrants, and the lack of formal procedures of best interest determination in practice. The chapters expose weaknesses and failures of institutionalized systems in selected European countries in dealing with unaccompanied children and young people on the move.
Unauthorized Love: Mixed-Citizenship Couples Negotiating Intimacy, Immigration, and the State
by Jane Lilly LópezA rich, narrative exploration of the ways love defies, survives, thrives, and dies as lovers contend with US immigration policy. For mixed-citizenship couples, getting married is the easy part. The US Supreme Court has confirmed the universal civil right to marry, guaranteeing every couple's ability to wed. But the Supreme Court has denied that this right to marriage includes married couples' right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness on US soil, creating a challenge for mixed-citizenship couples whose individual-level rights do not translate to family-level protections. While US citizens can extend legal inclusion to their spouses through family reunification, they must prove their worthiness and the worthiness of their love before their relationship will be officially recognized by the state. In Unauthorized Love, Jane López offers a comprehensive, critical look at US family reunification law and its consequences as experienced by 56 mixed-citizenship American couples. These couples' stories––of integration and alienation, of opportunity and inequality, of hope and despair––make tangible the consequences of current US immigration laws that tend to favor Whiteness, wealth, and heteronormativity, as well as the individual rather than the family unit, in awarding membership and official belonging. In examining the experiences of couples struggling to negotiate intimacy under the constraints of immigration policy, López argues for a rethinking of citizenship as a family affair.
Unbemannte Luftfahrtsysteme: Zivile Drohnen im Spannungsfeld von Wirtschaft, Recht, Sicherheit und gesellschaftlicher Akzeptanz
by Andreas Del Re Norbert Kämper Andreas Schoch Philipp ScheeleDrohnen sind längst von einer vielversprechenden Zukunftstechnologie zu einer etablierten Größe am Himmel geworden. Durch die zunehmenden Möglichkeiten ziviler Nutzung nimmt ihre Präsenz dabei immer noch zu, wodurch Fragen aufgeworfen werden, die schon heute beantwortet werden müssen. Neben den obligatorischen rechtlichen Fragen geht es dabei auch um den gesellschaftlichen Einfluss, den neue Technologie seit je her mit sich bringen. Welche rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen sind nötig, wenn immer mehr Drohnen sich den Luftraum mit anderen Luftverkehrsteilnehmern teilen? Wie ist es um die Sicherheit, auch IT-Sicherheit bestellt, wenn zunehmend Drohnen über der Bevölkerung schweben? Welche ethischen Herausforderungen bringen unbemannte Systeme mit sich, die zunehmend autonom operieren? All jenen Fragen widmen sich die Autoren dieses Sammelbandes und schaffen so neue Zugänge und Perspektiven auf das Zukunftsthema der Unbemannten Luftfahrtsysteme.
Unbinding Isaac: The Significance of the Akedah for Modern Jewish Thought
by Aaron KollerUnbinding Isaac takes readers on a trek of discovery for our times into the binding of Isaac story. Nineteenth-century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard viewed the story as teaching suspension of ethics for the sake of faith, and subsequent Jewish thinkers developed this idea as a cornerstone of their religious worldview. Aaron Koller examines and critiques Kierkegaard&’s perspective—and later incarnations of it—on textual, religious, and ethical grounds. He also explores the current of criticism of Abraham in Jewish thought, from ancient poems and midrashim to contemporary Israel narratives, as well as Jewish responses to the Akedah over the generations. Finally, bringing together these multiple strands of thought—along with modern knowledge of human sacrifice in the Phoenician world—Koller offers an original reading of the Akedah. The biblical God would like to want child sacrifice—because it is in fact a remarkable display of devotion—but more than that, he does not want child sacrifice because it would violate the child&’s autonomy. Thus, the high point in the drama is not the binding of Isaac but the moment when Abraham is told to release him. The Torah does not allow child sacrifice, though by contrast, some of Israel&’s neighbors viewed it as a religiously inspiring act. The binding of Isaac teaches us that an authentically religious act cannot be done through the harm of another human being. Download a Study Guide
Unbound in War?: International Law in Canada and Britain’s Participation in the Korean War and Afghanistan
by Sean RichmondIn Unbound in War?, Sean Richmond examines the influence and interpretation of international law in the use of force by two important but understudied countries, Canada and Britain, during two of the most significant conflicts since 1945, namely the Korean War and the Afghanistan Conflict. Through innovative application of sociological theories in International Relations (IR) and International Law (IL), and rigorous qualitative analysis of declassified documents and original interviews, the book advances a two-pronged argument. First, contrary to what some dominant IR perspectives might predict, international law can play four underappreciated roles when states use force. It helps constitute identity, regulate behaviour, legitimate certain actions, and structure the development of new rules. However, contrary to what many IL approaches might predict, it is unclear whether these effects are ultimately attributable to an obligatory quality in law. This ground-breaking argument promises to advance interdisciplinary debates and policy discussions in both IR and IL.
Unbreakable Laws of Business Credit
by Corey P. SmithThe Unbreakable Laws of Business Credit is an entrepreneurs guide to establishing any corporate structure and build great business credit at the same time. It reveals how to accumulate start up capital for any business without using a personal guarantee and step by step instructions on applying for corporate credit cards. Learn some of the secrets about using, buying and establishing Shelf Corporation.
Uncanceled: Finding Meaning and Peace in a Culture of Accusations, Shame, and Condemnation
by Phil RobertsonWin the War for Your Own IntegrityAfter Phil Robertson quoted Scripture in an interview with a national magazine, his hit show, Duck Dynasty, put him on &“indefinite hiatus.&” Phil immediately knew what had happened: he had become a target of cancel culture.Since that time, Phil has spoken out against public shaming, strategic campaigns to get Bible-believing employees fired, and other tactics that are wreaking havoc in our society. In a deeply divided country, with so many bent on condemning and silencing others, Phil calls for us to carry out the unifying message of Jesus Christ.In Uncanceled, Phil shares his own experiences with cancel culture as heencourages us to turn to Scripture as we navigate politics, personal conversations, and new cultural norms;helps us see the psychological and political motivations behind silencing conservative voices;reminds us that the goal is not to convince others to like us but to win the war for our own integrity by refusing to bow down to the god of political correctness; andshows us how to trade retaliation for the love and forgiveness that God offers.Uncanceled is a blueprint for standing up for the truth of Jesus Christ in a culture that has forgotten how to have respectful conversations. As Phil reminds us, when we embrace the truth that Jesus Christ already paid an enormous debt to cancel our sins, we find a path to redemption, a way to forgiveness, and a means for godly connection.
Uncertain Bioethics: Moral Risk and Human Dignity (Routledge Annals of Bioethics)
by Stephen NapierBioethics is a field of inquiry and as such is fundamentally an epistemic discipline. Knowing how we make moral judgments can bring into relief why certain arguments on various bioethical issues appear plausible to one side and obviously false to the other. Uncertain Bioethics makes a significant and distinctive contribution to the bioethics literature by culling the insights from contemporary moral psychology to highlight the epistemic pitfalls and distorting influences on our apprehension of value. Stephen Napier also incorporates research from epistemology addressing pragmatic encroachment and the significance of peer disagreement to justify what he refers to as epistemic diffidence when one is considering harming or killing human beings. Napier extends these developments to the traditional bioethical notion of dignity and argues that beliefs subject to epistemic diffidence should not be acted upon. He proceeds to apply this framework to traditional and developing issues in bioethics including abortion, stem cell research, euthanasia, decision-making for patients in a minimally conscious state, and risky research on competent human subjects.
Uncertain Causation in Tort Law
by Diego M. Papayannis Martín-Casals, Miquel and Papayannis, Diego M. Miquel Martín-CasalsThis discussion of causal uncertainty in tort liability adopts a comparative approach in order to highlight the important normative, epistemological and procedural implications of the various proposed solutions. Occupying a middle ground between the legal perspective and the philosophical views that are at stake when it comes to the resolution of tort law cases in a context of causal uncertainty, the arguments will be of great interest to legal scholars, legal philosophers and advanced tort law students.
Uncertain Justice: Canadian Women and Capital Punishment, 1754-1953
by F. Murray Greenwood Beverley BoisseryIn 1754 Eleanor Powers was hung for a murder committed during a botched robbery. She was the first woman condemned to die in Canada, but would not be the last.In Uncertain Justice, Beverley Boissery and Murray Greenwood portray a cast of women characters almost as often wronged by the law as they have wronged society. Starting with the Powers trial and continuing to the not-too-distant past, the authors expose the patriarchal values that lie at the core of criminal law, and the class and gender biases that permeate its procedures and applications.The writing style is similar to that of a popular mystery: "Harriet Henry lay dead. Horribly and indubitably. Her body sprawled against the bed, the head twisted at a grotesque angle. Foam engulfed the grinning mouth." Scholarly analysis combines with the narrative to make Uncertain Justice a fascinating and engaging read.There is a wealth of information about the emerging and evolving legal system and profession, the state of forensic science, the roles of juries, and the political turmoil and growing resistance to a purely class-based aristocratic form of government.
Uncertain Justice: The Roberts Court and the Constitution
by Laurence Tribe Joshua Matz“Illuminating. . . . [Tribe and Matz] offer well-crafted overviews of key cases decided by the Roberts Court [and] chart the Supreme Court’s conservative path.” —Chicago TribuneFrom Citizens United to its momentous rulings regarding Obamacare and gay marriage, the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Roberts has profoundly affected American life. Yet the court remains a mysterious institution, and the motivations of the nine men and women who serve for life are often obscure. In Uncertain Justice, Laurence Tribe and Joshua Matz show the surprising extent to which the Roberts Court is revising the meaning of our Constitution.Political gridlock, cultural change, and technological progress mean that the court’s decisions on key topics—including free speech, privacy, voting rights, and presidential power—could be uniquely durable. Acutely aware of their opportunity, the justices are rewriting critical aspects of constitutional law and redrawing the ground rules of American government. Tribe—one of the country’s leading constitutional lawyers—and Matz dig deeply into the court’s rulings, stepping beyond tired debates over judicial “activism” to draw out hidden meanings and silent battles. The undercurrents they reveal suggest a strikingly different vision for the future of our country, one that is sure to be hotly debated.Filled with original insights and compelling human stories, Uncertain Justice illuminates the most colorful story of all—how the Supreme Court and the Constitution frame the way we live.“A brilliantly layered account . . . Filled with memorable stories and striking references to literature, baseball and popular culture, this book is a joy to read from start to finish.” —Doris Kearns Goodwin, Pulitzer Prize winner and #1 New York Times–bestselling author of Team of Rivals“Well-written and highly readable . . . The strength of the book is its painstaking explanation of all sides of the critical cases, giving full voice and weight to conservative and liberal views alike.” —The Washington Post
Uncertain Risks Regulated (Law, Science and Society)
by Ellen Vos Michelle EversonUncertain Risks Regulated compares various models of risk regulation in order to understand how these systems shape the relationship between law and science, and how they attempt to overcome public distrust in science-based decision-making. The book contributes to the ongoing debate relating to uncertainty and risks - and the difficulties faced by the European Union in particular - in regulating theses issues, taking account of both national and international constraints. The term 'uncertain risk' is comparable with notions of hazard and indeterminate risk, as deployed within the social sciences; but it also aims to capture the modern regulatory reality that a non-quantifiable hazard must still be addressed by society, law and its regulators. Decisions must be taken in the face of uncertainty. And, whilst it is not possible to provide clear cut models of risk regulation, in focusing on regulatory practices at a national, EU and international level, the contributors to this volume aim to use fact finding as a core instrument of learning for risk regulation.
Uncertainty and Explanation in Medicine and the Health Sciences
by Olaf DammannThis book offers a comprehensive account of how uncertainty is tackled in medicine and the health sciences. Olaf Dammann explores recent accounts of medicine as ineffective and suggests that the impression that medicine does not achieve its goal is, at least in part, due to the aleatoric (natural) uncertainty of biomedical processes and the subsequent epistemic (cognitive) uncertainty of those who desire solid information about such processes. Dammann shows how concepts like inference, explanation, and causometry help mitigate this disconnect. He points toward the possibility that some of the statistically rigid and formalized approaches (such as the randomized controlled trial as the gold standard for the justification of medical interventions) might better be replaced by approaches that emphasize the coherence of evidence and the people’s needs for helpful health interventions (auxiliarianism).
Uncertainty in Comparative Law and Legal History: Known Unknowns (Transforming Legal Histories)
by Andrew J. Bell and Joanna McCunnLaws are imposed on facts. But what is the law to do when its rules for establishing facts do not—because they cannot—produce a satisfactory answer? Scenarios that raise this intractable uncertainty problem have been treated as isolated concerns, but are in fact endemic across legal systems. They can cross jurisdictional and doctrinal boundaries, have recurred throughout history, and demand creative thinking from those faced with them. This book explores the law’s understandings of and responses to such situations from a comparative historical perspective. It investigates how the law has framed these most difficult problems of uncertainty; dealt with uncertainty’s often unclear boundaries; and developed a broad range of different responses to solve or avoid it, across doctrine, time, and jurisdiction. The work examines a selection of key uncertainty problems across private law as elements of a singular uncertainty issue endemic in legal systems. This analysis will be of interest to historians and comparatists, but also to doctrinal, theoretical, and other scholars and practitioners. The analysis leaves us better informed and better equipped for dealing with future scenarios where uncertainty arises, including insights beyond national and doctrinal confines.
Uncertainty in International Law: A Kelsenian Perspective
by Jörg KammerhoferRe-engaging with the Pure Theory of Law developed by Hans Kelsen and the other members of the Viennese School of Jurisprudence, this book looks at the causes and manifestations of uncertainty in international law. It considers both epistemological uncertainty as to whether we can accurately perceive norms in international law, and ontological problems which occur inter alia where two or more norms conflict. The book looks at these issues of uncertainty in relation to the foundational doctrines of public international law, including the law of self-defence under the United Nations Charter, customary international law, and the interpretation of treaties. In viewing international law through the lens of Kelsen’s theory Jörg Kammerhofer demonstrates the importance of the theoretical dimension for the study of international law and offers a critique of the recent trend towards pragmatism and eclecticism in international legal scholarship. The unique aspect of the monograph is that it is the only book to apply the Pure Theory of Law as theoretical approach to international law, rather than simply being a piece of intellectual history describing it. This book will of great interest to students and scholars of public international law, legal theory and jurisprudence.
Uncertainty in Pharmacology: Epistemology, Methods, and Decisions (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #338)
by Adam LaCaze Barbara OsimaniThis volume covers a wide range of topics concerning methodological, epistemological, and regulatory-ethical issues around pharmacology. The book focuses in particular on the diverse sources of uncertainty, the different kinds of uncertainty that there are, and the diverse ways in which these uncertainties are (or could be) addressed. Compared with the more basic sciences, such as chemistry or biology, pharmacology works across diverse observable levels of reality: although the first step in the causal chain leading to the therapeutic outcome takes place at the biochemical level, the end-effect is a clinically observable result—which is influenced not only by biological actions, but also psychological and social phenomena. Issues of causality and evidence must be treated with these specific aspects in mind. In covering these issues, the book opens up a common domain of investigation which intersects the deeply intertwined dimensions of pharmacological research, pharmaceutical regulation and the related economic environment. The book is a collective endeavour with in-depth contributions from experts in pharmacology, philosophy of medicine, statistics, scientific methodology, formal and social epistemology, working in constant dialogue across disciplinary boundaries.