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Violence and Messianism: Jewish Philosophy and the Great Conflicts of the Twentieth Century (Routledge Jewish Studies Series)
by Petar BojanićViolence and Messianism looks at how some of the figures of the so-called Renaissance of "Jewish" philosophy between the two world wars - Franz Rosenzweig, Walter Benjamin and Martin Buber - grappled with problems of violence, revolution and war. At once inheriting and breaking with the great historical figures of political philosophy such as Kant and Hegel, they also exerted considerable influence on the next generation of European philosophers, like Lévinas, Derrida and others. This book aims to think through the great conflicts in the past century in the context of the theory of catastrophe and the beginning of new messianic time. Firstly, it is a book about means and ends – that is, about whether good ends can be achieved through bad means. Second, it is a book about time: peace time, war time, time it takes to transfer from war to peace, etc. Is a period of peace simply a time that excludes all violence? How long does it take to establish peace (to remove all violence)? Building on this, it then discusses whether there is anything that can be called messianic acting. Can we – are we capable of, or allowed to – act violently in order to hasten the arrival of the Messiah and peace? And would we then be in messianic time? Finally, how does this notion of messianism – a name for a sudden and unpredictable event – fit in, for example, with our contemporary understanding of terrorist violence? The book attempts to understand such pressing questions by reconstructing the notions of violence and messianism as they were elaborated by 20th century Jewish political thought. Providing an important contribution to the discussion on terrorism and the relationship between religion and violence, this book will appeal to theorists of terrorism and ethics of war, as well as students and scholars of Philosophy, Jewish studies and religion studies.
Violence and Nonviolence: Conceptual Excursions into Phantom Opposites
by Peyman VahabzadehThrough an original and close reading of the key literature regarding both revolutionary violence and nonviolence, this book collapses the widely-assumed concepts of violence and nonviolence as mutually exclusive. By revealing that violence and nonviolence are braided concepts arising from human action, Peyman Vahabzadeh submits that in many cases the actions deemed to be either violent or nonviolent might actually produce outcomes that are not essentially different. Vahabzadeh offers a conceptual phenomenology of the key thinkers and theorists of both revolutionary violence and various approaches to nonviolence. Arguing that violence is inseparable from civilizations, Violence and Nonviolence concludes by making a number of original conceptualizations regarding the relationship between violence and nonviolence, exploring the possibility of a nonviolent future and proposing to understand the relationship between the two concepts as concentric, not opposites.
Violence and Propaganda in European Civil Wars: Dimensions of Conflict, 1917–1949
by Yiannis Kokosalakis Leira-Castiñeira, Francisco J.This volume offers a broad overview of the conditions, motives, and practices of violence during the most prominent intra‑state conflicts in Europe during the first half of the 20th century.This book seeks to move beyond accounts of civil war violence that focus on microlevel motives or grand cleavages, arguing instead that violence is best examined as a multidimensional phenomenon involving a range of structural, personal, and conjectural factors operating at various levels of societal interaction. Making a case for methodological pluralism, the volume brings together an interdisciplinary team of historians and social scientists to address the aspects of civil war violence from a broad range of empirical and methodological perspectives. The book consists of three thematic sections. The first section covers contextual issues related to civil war violence, including the role of ideology and social dynamics. The second and third sections comprise empirical case studies that examine the dimensions of violence in six prominent European civil wars. The volume focuses on these particular conflicts because they are almost universally recognized as instances of civil war, and this enables the volume to maintain its analytical focus on the dynamics of violence.This book will be of much interest to students of European history, civil wars, political violence, and International Relations in general.Chapter 8 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Violence and Responsibility
by John HarrisOriginally published in 1980 this book argues that we are all responsible for the harm we could have prevented and explores the effect of this conclusion on a morality which makes fundamental the belief that we ought not to harm others if we can possibly avoid it. A theory of responsibility is developed and defended which has consequences for the way we live as well as for a number of problems in contemporary moral, political and social philosophy, and in jurisprudence. In particular, the author attacks the view that there is a moral difference between killing and letting die and proposes a radical conception of violence. Among other controversial issues covered in the book are neutrality, the ethics of organ transplants and the allocation of scarce resources.
Violence and Social Injustice Against Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People
by Lacey Sloan Nora GustavssonViolence and Social Injustice Against Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People helps you look past the stereotypical picture of violence against sexual minorities--the public physical assaults on gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered youth by hypermasculine male thugs--and directs you toward the many daily acts of quiet violence that go on, unhindered, in the workaday settings of our legal, social, educational, and law-enforcement institutions. You’ll learn about the frightening prevelance of complacency, homophobic ignorance, and apathy that pervades our police departments, courts, high schools, and churches. Also, armed with this critical insight and statistical research, you’ll be better equipped to wage a non-violent war of fairness and mutual respect against the daily, senseless violence of policy and practice that threatens to render gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered people unwelcome and battered citizens in their own communities.You’ll find that Violence and Social Injustice Against Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People is ideal for aiding social workers, counselors, teachers, and criminal justice officials in removing the unseen acts of violence from the policies and practices of the public sector. These and other specific areas will give you the information and the fortitude necessary to evoke positive change in your community: legal issues relating to same-sex marriage the connection between social injustice and violence violence against sexual minority youth sexual identity and ethnic minorities practice and policy recommendationsAs this book shows, violence against sexual minorities can be subtly woven into the very fabric of some of our most long-standing, respected social institutions. For too long, the sexual minorities of color, for example, and the lesbian who suffers physical assault at the hands of a partner, have had little or no help from social workers, law enforcement, or education for fear of receiving either complete negligence or increased antagonism. But now, in Violence and Social Injustice Against Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People, you’ll find the facts and tools necessary for turning the ugliness of communal violence into social justice for people of all sexual orientations.
Violence as Seen Through a Prism of Color
by Letha A SeeSo many parts of society target citizens of color for violence--what can be done? Violence as Seen Through a Prism of Color examines violence from a structural perspective, including violence in prisons, schools and colleges, churches, homes, and within political/corporate structures.This unique, hard-hitting book argues that individual violence stems from the structure of our society and its institutions. Most of the contributors are African- American educators and practitioners who have a thorough understanding of structural violence. Some have experienced political violence; others have expert knowledge of structural violence within the criminal justice system, educational institutions, and elsewhere--even in churches and homes. Their writings are undeniably, unflinchingly authentic--it is impossible not to be moved and enraged by what they have to say. The good news is that in addition to calling attention to the structural violence in our society they provide excellent insights on how the situation might be resolved.Violence as Seen Through a Prism of Color shows: that much of the violence within the criminal justice system stems from decisions made at the highest levels of government that minority offenders are much more frequently convicted and more harshly sentenced than their white counterparts how cultural racism contributes to the construction of motives for lynching, hate crime, and police violence against Americans of color such as Abner Louima, Amadou Diallo, and Rodney King how the judicial system encourages black on black violence by neglecting to halt criminal activities in non-white neighborhoods how, in the words of Mahatma Gandhi, ”Poverty is the worst form of violence”You’ll also learn: how corporations are amassing great wealth through privatizing prisons and conscripting the labor of non-violent African-American prisoners how racial profiling affects people of color how the media has exploited black men imprisoned for minor drug offenses how and why violence occurs in and against the black churchHelpful charts and tables (like one that names the corporations that use prison labor) supplement the material--you’ll be surprised at what you learn! Extensive references are included at the end of each chapter.
Violence in Extreme Conditions: Ethical Challenges in Military Practice
by Eric-Hans Kramer Tine MolendijkAs an organization operating under extreme conditions, the military is often confronted with destructive behavior from individuals, organizations, and societies. Written by experts from a variety of disciplines, this open access book reflects on confrontations with violence under extreme conditions and the various challenges that arise.By examining real first-hand accounts of soldiers’ deployments, the contributions shed new light on the multifaceted and sometimes hidden dynamics of destructive violent behavior and offer an ethical reflection on military practices. In addition, they address topics such as moral decision-making in violent contexts, military trauma, organizational change, and military ethics education.The interdisciplinary exploration of these topics has been the primary focus of Désirée Verweij, who was the Chair of Military Ethics at the Netherlands Defence Academy from 2008 to 2021. The contributions in this book are written in honor of her scholarly achievements and help to ensure that these important issues continue to receive attention. The book will appeal to scholars of military studies, organizational studies and military ethics, and to professionals and decisionmakers in military organizations.
Violence in Intimate Spaces: Law and Beyond (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by Pinki Mathur Anurag Santwana DwivedyThis book provides a textured understanding of intimate violence across the unlimited stretch of human relationships, institutions, and social structures. The volume has been conceptualized with the overarching objective to provide the reader with a collection of thoughtfully selected chapters that critically examine existing literature for an in-depth analysis of institutions through the lens of violence, beyond disciplinary and topical boundaries, from a range of methodologies. The book encourages reflections on the complexities of society, its institutions and gendered norms that enmesh violence and intimate relationships. It further examines the socio-normative contexts within which violence operates as a tool for maintaining inequalities in society. The chapters in this volume attempt to address questions such as: What are the complexities in the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim which sustain and legitimize violence? What are the diverse dimensions of violence in intimate relationships? What role does violence in intimate spaces play in preserving status quo and the pervasive gendered hierarchies within society and its institutions? Who is vulnerable to violence and why? The book covers conversations on intimate space violence and relationships that have not been explored hitherto in mainstream academic debates. The volume pivots violence fundamentally as a product of ‘entitlements’ based on gendered social hierarchies and critical intersectionalities to examine its manifestations in a variety of intimate situations and relationships beyond socio-cultural, religious and geographical boundaries. The book provides invaluable learnings for academics, researchers, students, lawyers, sociologists, social workers, health professionals and policymakers.
Violence in Roman Egypt: A Study in Legal Interpretation (Empire and After)
by Ari Z. BryenWhat can we learn about the world of an ancient empire from the ways that people complain when they feel that they have been violated? What role did law play in people's lives? And what did they expect their government to do for them when they felt harmed and helpless?If ancient historians have frequently written about nonelite people as if they were undifferentiated and interchangeable, Ari Z. Bryen counters by drawing on one of our few sources of personal narratives from the Roman world: over a hundred papyrus petitions, submitted to local and imperial officials, in which individuals from the Egyptian countryside sought redress for acts of violence committed against them. By assembling these long-neglected materials (also translated as an appendix to the book) and putting them in conversation with contemporary perspectives from legal anthropology and social theory, Bryen shows how legal stories were used to work out relations of deference within local communities.Rather than a simple force of imperial power, an open legal system allowed petitioners to define their relationships with their local adversaries while contributing to the body of rules and expectations by which they would live in the future. In so doing, these Egyptian petitioners contributed to the creation of Roman imperial order more generally.
Violence in Today's School Workplace: Protecting Teachers and School Employees in a Violent Age
by Diane H. Williamson David E. Strecker Henry TownsendIncreasingly, headlines today report out-of-control student violence occurring in our schools and colleges. Yet so little concrete action is being taken to protect the bystanding victims of this trauma, the school worker. Classroom teachers, administrators, coaches, school bus drivers, cafeteria workers, custodians, and other school employees a
Violence, Gender and the State: ‘Not Just’ A Legal Analysis
by Saumya UmaThis book examines the adequacy of laws in India as a response to sexual and gender-based violence against women. It addresses questions such as: is law doing enough in responding to violence against women in India? Where are the barriers and bottlenecks, particularly for women from marginalised communities? What can be done to ensure that justice is rendered? Based on women’s experience of violence, not solely on the basis of gender, but a combination of caste, class, and religious and gender identities, the book examines law as a response to gendered violence against women in India through the lens of intersectionality. It combines socio-legal and feminist analyses of relevant statutes on sexual and gender-based violence, their judicial interpretations, their implementation by law enforcement agencies, and their ramifications for women’s lives. This book will be of interest to academics, research scholars, and students in a range of disciplines, including law, women’s studies, gender and sexuality studies, victimology, sociology, political science, and human rights. It will also be useful for policymakers, advocates, judicial officers, paralegal workers, women’s rights campaigners, non-profit organisations and, globally, anyone interested in and concerned with justice for women in India.
Violence, Imagination, and Resistance: Socio-legal Interrogations of Power
by Katrin Roots Mariful Alam Patrick DwyerMuch of the discussion of social transformation and resistance in socio-legal studies centres around the question of whether and how the law can be used to achieve practical change. However, the editors of this volume argue that it will never be possible to enact change through the law because it is inseparable from violence, be it metaphysical, social, or political. They posit that a “just world,” free from oppressive power relations, requires us to imagine communities where the state and its law cease to exist. Contributors address the underexplored questions of what alternatives to law could look like: how communities could organize their everyday lives, and how they could address social and interpersonal conflicts outside of an apparatus of violence. These essays contribute to the ongoing interrogation of settler colonialism, racism, and structural violence in Canada by demonstrating how to expose the violence the law produces, how to deconstruct law’s power, and, finally, how to identify modes of resistance that have transformative potential.
Violence, Law and the Impossibility of Transitional Justice
by Catherine TurnerThe field of transitional justice has expanded rapidly since the term first emerged in the late 1990s. Its intellectual development has, however, tended to follow practice rather than drive it. Addressing this gap, Violence, Law and the Impossibility of Transitional Justice pursues a comprehensive theoretical inquiry into the foundation and evolution of transitional justice. Presenting a detailed deconstruction of the role of law in transition, the book explores the reasons for resistance to transitional justice. It explores the ways in which law itself is complicit in perpetuating conflict, and asks whether a narrow vision of transitional justice – underpinned by a strictly normative or doctrinal concept of law – can undermine the promise of justice. Drawing on case material, as well as on perspectives from a range of disciplines, including law, political science, anthropology and philosophy, this book will be of considerable interest to those concerned with the theory and practice of transitional justice.
Viral Hate: Containing Its Spread on the Internet
by Christopher Wolf Abraham H. FoxmanEmboldened by anonymity, individuals and organizations from both left and right are freely spewing hateful vitriol on the Internet without worrying about repercussions.Lies, bullying, conspiracy theories, bigoted and racist rants, and calls for violence targeting the most vulnerable circulate openly on the web.And thanks to the guarantees of the First Amendment and the borderless nature of the Internet,governing bodies are largely helpless to control this massive assault on human dignity and safety. Abe Foxman and Christopher Wolf expose the threat that this unregulated flow of bigotry poses to the world.They explore how social media companies like Facebook and YouTube, as well as search engine giant Google, are struggling to reconcile the demands of business with freedom of speech and the disturbing threat posed by today's purveyors of hate. And they explain the best tools available to citizens, parents, educators, law enforcement officers, and policy makers toprotect thetwin values of transparency and responsibility. As Foxman and Wolf show, only an aroused and engaged citizenry can stop the hate contagion before it spirals out of control - with potentially disastrous results.
Virtual Competition
by Ariel EzrachiAriel Ezrachi and Maurice Stucke take a hard look at today's app-assisted paradise of digital shopping. The algorithms and data-crunching that make online purchasing so convenient are also changing the nature of the market by shifting power into the hands of the few, with risks to competition, our democratic ideals, and our overall well-being.
Virtual Freedom
by Dawn C. NunziatoCommunications giants like Google, Comcast, and AT&T enjoy increasingly unchecked control over speech. As providers of broadband access and Internet search engines, they can control online expression. Their online content restrictions-from obstructing e-mail to censoring cablecasts-are considered legal because of recent changes in free speech law. In this book, Dawn Nunziato criticizes recent changes in free speech law in which only the government need refrain from censoring speech, while companies are permitted to self-regulate. By enabling Internet providers to exercise control over content, the Supreme Court and the FCC have failed to protect the public's right to access a broad diversity of content. Nunziato argues that regulation is necessary to ensure the free flow of information and to render the First Amendment meaningful in the twenty-first century. This book offers an urgent call to action, recommending immediate steps to preserve our free speech rights online.
Virtual Freedoms, Terrorism and the Law (Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Law)
by Giovanna De MinicoThis book examines the risks to freedom of expression, particularly in relation to the internet, as a result of regulation introduced in response to terrorist threats. The work explores the challenges of maintaining security in the fight against traditional terrorism while protecting fundamental freedoms, particularly online freedom of expression. The topics discussed include the clash between freedom of speech and national security; the multijurisdictional nature of the internet and the implications for national sovereignty and transnational legal structures; how to determine legitimate and illegitimate association online; and the implications for privacy and data protection. The book presents a theoretical analysis combined with empirical research to demonstrate the difficulty of combatting internet use by terror organizations or individuals and the range of remedies that might be drawn from national and international law. The work will be essential reading for students, researchers and policy makers in the areas of Constitutional law; Criminal Law, European and International law, Information and Technology law and Security Studies.
Virtual Justice
by Greg LastowkaTens of millions of people today are living part of their life in a virtual world. In places like World of Warcraft, Second Life, and Free Realms, people are making friends, building communities, creating art, and making real money. Business is booming on the virtual frontier, as billions of dollars are paid in exchange for pixels on screens. But sometimes things go wrong. Virtual criminals defraud online communities in pursuit of real-world profits. People feel cheated when their avatars lose virtual property to wrongdoers. Increasingly, they turn to legal systems for solutions. But when your avatar has been robbed, what law is there to assist you? InVirtual Justice,Greg Lastowka illustrates the real legal dilemmas posed by virtual worlds. Presenting the most recent lawsuits and controversies, he explains how governments are responding to the chaos on the cyberspace frontier. After an engaging overview of the history and business models of today's virtual worlds, he explores how laws of property, jurisdiction, crime, and copyright are being adapted to pave the path of virtual law. Virtual worlds are becoming more important to society with each passing year. This pioneering study will be an invaluable guide to scholars of online communities for years to come.
Virtual Law Practice: How to Deliver Legal Services Online
by Stephanie L. KimbroThe legal market has recently experienced a dramatic shift as lawyers seek out alternative methods of practicing law and providing more affordable legal services. Virtual law practice is revolutionizing the way the public receives legal services and how legal professionals work with clients. Stephanie Kimbro's practical guide teaches lawyers how to set up and run a virtual law firm. It provides case studies of individual virtual law practices along with client scenarios to show how web-based technology may be used by legal professionals to work with online clients and avoid malpractice risks.
Virtual Searches: Regulating the Covert World of Technological Policing
by Christopher SloboginChoice Outstanding Academic Title 2023A close look at innovations in policing and the law that should govern themA host of technologies—among them digital cameras, drones, facial recognition devices, night-vision binoculars, automated license plate readers, GPS, geofencing, DNA matching, datamining, and artificial intelligence—have enabled police to carry out much of their work without leaving the office or squad car, in ways that do not easily fit the traditional physical search and seizure model envisioned by the framers of the Constitution. Virtual Searches develops a useful typology for sorting through this bewildering array of old, new, and soon-to-arrive policing techniques. It then lays out a framework for regulating their use that expands the Fourth Amendment’s privacy protections without blindly imposing its warrant requirement, and that prioritizes democratic over judicial policymaking. The coherent regulatory regime developed in Virtual Searches ensures that police are held accountable for their use of technology without denying them the increased efficiency it provides in their efforts to protect the public. Whether policing agencies are pursuing an identified suspect, constructing profiles of likely perpetrators, trying to find matches with crime scene evidence, collecting data to help with these tasks, or using private companies to do so, Virtual Searches provides a template for ensuring their actions are constitutionally legitimate and responsive to the polity.
Virtual Worlds and Criminality
by Dieter Hermann Kai Cornelius, LL.M.The fusion between virtuality and reality has created a new quality of experience establishing metaverses and virtual worlds. Second Life, Twinity, Entropia Universe or Fregger have experienced rapid growth in recent years and show no signs of slowing down. Not only have countless companies discovered these "virtureal worlds" as marketplaces, but so have fraudsters and other criminals. In this book, European experts from different academic disciplines show how to meet the new challenges arising from virtual worlds. They discuss the reasons for and the impacts of these new forms of criminality as well as the necessity and means of combating them. Moreover, other fundamental issues are examined, such as the addictive potential of virtual-world use, media violence, and conflict resolution problems arising in the context of virtual worlds.
Virtue Epistemology Naturalized: Bridges Between Virtue Epistemology and Philosophy of Science (Synthese Library #366)
by Abrol FairweatherThis book presents four bridges connecting work in virtue epistemology and work in philosophy of science (broadly construed) that may serve as catalysts for the further development of naturalized virtue epistemology. These bridges are: empirically informed theories of epistemic virtue; virtue theoretic solutions to under determination; epistemic virtues in the history of science; and the value of understanding.Virtue epistemology has opened many new areas of inquiry in contemporary epistemology including: epistemic agency, the role of motivations and emotions in epistemology, the nature of abilities, skills and competences, wisdom and curiosity.Value driven epistemic inquiry has become quite complex and there is a need for a responsible and rigorous process of constructing naturalized theories of epistemic virtue. This volume makes the involvement of the sciences more explicit and looks at the empirical aspect of virtue epistemology.Concerns about virtue epistemology are considered in the essays contained here, including the question: can any virtue epistemology meet both the normativity constraint and the empirical constraint? The volume suggests that these worries should not be seen as impediments but rather as useful constraints and desiderata to guide the construction of naturalized theories of epistemic virtue.
Virtue Ethics and Human Enhancement
by Barbro FrödingThis book shows how pressing issues in bioethics - e.g. the ownership of biological material and human cognitive enhancement - successfully can be discussed with in a virtue ethics framework. This is not intended as a complete or exegetic account of virtue ethics. Rather, the aim here is to discuss how some key ideas in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, when interpreted pragmatically, can be a productive way to approach some hot issues in bioethics. In spite of being a very promising theoretical perspective virtue ethics has so far been underdeveloped both in bioethics and neuroethics and most discussions have been conducted in consequentialist and/or deontological terms.
Virtue Ethics and Professional Journalism
by Aaron QuinnThis book examines the moral role of news media practitioners and organizations, and applies a modified philosophical account of Virtue Ethics as a framework for the role of journalists—and journalism organizations—in public life. It shows how journalists and news organizations that adopt an aim towards professional excellence (virtue) by putting a premium on investigative journalism—with both large and small measures depending on the nature of the reporting—can achieve lofty professional goals under modern deadlines. The news media, both electronic and traditional, are imperative to an informed public, and an informed public is critical to a properly functioning cross-section of social, government and corporate domains. The book emphasizes the virtues of justice and integrity as foundational to professional practice. It examines the modern ethical challenges presented by organizations ranging from online upstarts to massive media conglomerates, each that have economic challenges that can inhibit professional excellence through corruption or corrosion. The author applies his account of virtue—bolstered by suggestions for complementary reforms in education and regulation—to improve an ethically challenged industry as it undergoes significant technological change.
Virtue Ethics and the Environment (Routledge Environmental Ethics)
by Dominika DzwonkowskaThis book addresses one of today’s most burning issues, namely the environmental crisis, by offering an insight into the problem from the perspective of virtue ethics.Virtue ethics is an approach to ethics that centralizes the concept of moral virtue, which can be extended to environmental ethics via environmental virtue ethics (EVE). Beginning with a comprehensive overview, the book explores the renaissance of contemporary virtue ethics and the beginnings of EVE in the second half of the 20th century and presents the main characteristics, proponents, and criticisms of EVE. The book then goes on to analyze its development by distinguishing the three most influential concepts: the classical; the naturalistic, teleological, and pluralistic; and the narrative conception of environmental virtue ethics. The author also discusses the most influential works on EVE, including a revision of Louke van Wensveen’s postulate to use virtue language in environmental ethics. By synthesizing such works on EVE alongside an analysis of the three most important concepts, the book offers a new concept that is universalistic, positive, and pragmatic.The book will be useful for students, scholars, and researchers studying environmental ethics, sustainable development, environmental psychology, moral philosophy, and philosophy of education.