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Agricultural Policy in the United States: Evolution and Economics (Routledge Textbooks in Environmental and Agricultural Economics)
by James L. Novak Larry D. Sanders Amy D. HagermanAgricultural Policy in the United States: Evolution and Economics traces U.S. agricultural policy from its colonial roots to the present, using economic concepts to analyze and interpret political and economic consequences. It also examines the processes by which agricultural policies are developed, and the government structure which supports the implementation of legislation passed by Congress. The book includes arguments for and against common tools of U.S. agricultural policy, without influencing the reader in a particular direction. Each chapter contains questions and exercises to support students’ learning, and technical economic material is contained in optional appendices. This second edition examines the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 and sets the scene for future policy developments. Additionally, it looks at trade wars and the impact of Black Swan events like the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural resilience.
Agricultural Price Distortions, Inequality, and Poverty
by John Cockburn Will Martin Kym AndersonThe prices of farm products are crucial determinants of the extent of poverty and inequality in the world. The vast majority of the world's poorest households depend to a considerable extent on farming for their incomes, while food represents a large component of the consumption of all poor households. For generations, food prices have been heavily distorted by government policies in high-income and developing countries. Many countries began to reform their agricultural price and trade policies in the 1980s, but government policy intervention is still considerable and still favors farmers in high-income countries at the expense of many farmers in developing countries. What would be the poverty and inequality consequences of the removal of the remaining distortions to agricultural incentives? This question is of great relevance to governments in evaluating ways to engage in multilateral and regional trade negotiations or to improve their own policies unilaterally. 'Agricultural Price Distortions, Inequality, and Poverty' analyzes the effects of agricultural and trade policies around the world on national and regional economic welfare, on income inequality among and within countries, and on the level and incidence of poverty in developing countries. The studies include economy-wide analyses of the inequality and poverty effects of own-country policies compared with rest-of-the-world policies for 10 individual developing countries in three continents. This book also includes three chapters that each use a separate global economic model to examine the effects of policies on aggregate poverty and the distribution of poverty across many identified developing countries. This study is motivated by two policy issues: first, the World Trade Organization's struggle to conclude the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, in which agricultural policy reform is, again, one of the most contentious topics in the talks and, second, the struggle of the developing countries to achieve their Millennium Development Goals by 2015-notably the alleviation of hunger and poverty-which depends crucially on policies that affect agricultural incentives.
Agricultural Stability And Farm Programs: Concepts, Evidence, And Implications
by Daniel A. SumnerThis book attempts to contribute to a fuller understanding of perennial issues underlying farm problems and agricultural policies in the United States thus contributing to better projections of policy effects, to better forecasts of policy changes, and perhaps to better policy for agriculture.
Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box: Ensuring Coherence with Sustainable Development Goals
by Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz Christophe Bellmann Jonathan HepburnDo the World Trade Organization's rules on 'green box' farm subsidies allow both rich and poor countries to achieve important goals such as food security, or do they worsen poverty, distort trade and harm the environment? Current WTO requirements set no ceiling on the amount of green box subsidies that governments can provide, on the basis that these payments cause only minimal trade distortion. Governments are thus increasingly shifting their subsidy spending into this category, as they come under pressure to reduce subsidies that are more directly linked to production. However, growing evidence nonetheless suggests that green box payments can affect production and trade, harm farmers in developing countries and cause environmental damage. By bringing together new research and critical thinking, this book examines the relationship between green box subsidies and the achievement of sustainable development goals, and explores options for future reform.
Agricultural Trade, Policy Reforms, and Global Food Security (Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy)
by Kym AndersonThis book explores the potential for policy reform as a short-term, low-cost way to sustainably enhance global food security. It argues that reforming policies that distort food prices and trade will promote the openness needed to maximize global food availability and reduce fluctuations in international food prices. Beginning with an examination of historical trends in markets and policies, Anderson assesses the prospects for further reforms, and projects how they may develop over the next fifteen years. He pays particular attention to domestic policy changes made possible by the information technology revolution, which will complement global change to deal directly with farmer and consumer concerns.
Agricultural Valuations: A Practical Guide
by Jeremy Moody Nick MillardAgricultural Valuations: A Practical Guide has long been the standard text for students and professionals working on agricultural valuations. Taking a practical approach, it covers all the relevant techniques and legislation necessary to correctly value farms, assess farm rents, carry out arbitrations, inventories and records of condition, including valuation clauses on sales of farms, livestock, soils, management agreements, valuation in court proceedings and a glossary of useful information. In this fifth edition, Gwyn Williams's original text is taken on by Jeremy Moody and Nick Millard, renowned experts in the field, bringing the book right up to date to reflect recent changes in the rural economy, including development, diversification and renewable energy and specialist valuations and reference to all the latest legislation. Clear and accessible to students and professionals alike, readers will find Agricultural Valuations an invaluable guide to best practice in agricultural valuations.
Agricultural Valuations
by R.G. WilliamsAgricultural Valuations, now in its fourth edition is written by a practising agricultural valuer who has been working in property for over 50 years. His analysis updates recent changes to tenant right valuations, improvements, fixtures, milk quotas and dilapidations. The author uses numerous example claims and valuations which shed light on recent pipeline and electricity line wayleave claims, notices to remedy breaches, together with probate, income tax and compulsory purchase valuations. Further chapters deal with the guiding principles of how to correctly value farms, assess farm rents, carry out arbitrations, inventories and records of condition. valuation clauses on sales of farms, livestock, soils, management agreements, valuation in court proceedings and a glossary of useful information. This practical, but detailed title will be invaluable to students, agricultural valuers and land agents who are looking to be kept apprised of up to date best practices. The author was awarded the ‘Kenneth Glenny’ Prize by the Central Association of Agricultural Valuers when the first edition was published in 1984. Since then the book has been expanded brought up to date to reflect changes that have occurred to rural communities.The author, a member of a North Wales farming family, was Senior Partner of Coles Knapp and Kennedy, Ross-on-Wye. An experienced farmer himself, he keeps cattle and sheep, grows arable crops and also grows cider apples and hops in Herefordshire. He was involved for over 25 years in training candidates for the examination of the Central Association of Agricultural Valuers and for many years the RICS TPC in agricultural practice.
Agriculture and EU Environmental Law
by Brian JackThis book critically examines the development and current structure of European Union agri-environmental measures at a substantive level. Examining the measures in an integrated manner, showing how they interrelate linking different aspects of European Union agricultural law and policy, this volume examines the legislation adopted at European Union level as well as the impact of particular national measures to implement that legislation. Where appropriate, comparisons are drawn between the manner in which European Union legislation has been implemented among various Member States. Critically assessing European Union and national measures, in the light of other policy pressures such as the influence of world trade agreements and the political pressures exerted by the agricultural sector within the national legal systems of individual Member States, this volume is a valuable resource for academics researching and practitioners working in the areas of European Union environmental and agricultural law.
Agro-Technology
by R. Paul ThompsonHumans have been modifying plants and animals for millennia. The dawn of molecular genetics, however, has kindled intense public scrutiny and controversy. Crops, and the food products which include them, have dominated molecular modification in agriculture. Organisations have made unsubstantiated claims and scare mongering is common. In this textbook Paul Thompson presents a clear account of the significant issues - identifying harms and benefits, analysing and managing risk - which lie beneath the cacophony of public controversy. His comprehensive analysis looks especially at genetically modified organisms, and includes an explanation of the scientific background, an analysis of ideological objections, a discussion of legal and ethical concerns, a suggested alternative - organic agriculture - and an examination of the controversy's impact on sub-Saharan African countries. His book will be of interest to students and other readers in philosophy, biology, biotechnology and public policy.
Agroecological Transitions: From Theory To Practice In Local Participatory Design
by Jacques-Eric Bergez Elise Audouin Olivier TherondThis Open Access book presents feedback from the ‘Territorial Agroecological Transition in Action’- TATA-BOX research project, which was devoted to these specific issues. The multidisciplinary and multi-organisation research team steered a four-year action-research process in two territories of France. It also presents:i) the key dimensions to be considered when dealing with agroecological transition: diversity of agriculture models, management of uncertainties, polycentric governance, autonomies, and role of actors’ networks;ii) an operational and original participatory process and associated boundary tools to support local stakeholders in shifting from a shared diagnosis to a shared action plan for transition, and in so doing developing mutual understanding and involvement;iii) an analysis of the main effects of the methodology on research organisation and on stakeholders’ development and application;iv) critical analysis and foresights on the main outcomes of TATA-BOX, provided by external researchers.
El agua o la vida (Colección Vital): Otra guerra ha comenzado
by J. Jesús LemusHace años se temía que las guerras venideras fueran por el agua: el futuro nos alcanzó. El crimen organizado se convirtió en instrumento disuasivo de la movilización social. Hoy, en México, hay 916 batallas por el agua. Gobierno, empresas y delincuentes se han movilizado contra las poblaciones y los activistas en busca de su bien más preciado. Ya hay miles y miles de víctimas, y el cambio climático las multiplicará. En esta investigación periodística vienen los nombres y apellidos de los responsables, las redes de corrupción y los modus operandi. pero el desastre aún puede frenarse.
Ahmed the Philosopher: Thirty-Four Short Plays for Children and Everyone Else
by Alain BadiouEnglish-speaking readers might be surprised to learn that Alain Badiou writes fiction and plays along with his philosophical works and that they are just as important to understanding his larger intellectual project. In Ahmed the Philosopher, Badiou's most entertaining and accessible play, translated into English here for the first time, readers are introduced to Badiou's philosophy through a theatrical tour de force that has met with much success in France. <P><P> Ahmed the Philosopher presents its comic hero, the "treacherous servant" Ahmed, as a seductively trenchant philosopher even as it casts philosophy itself as a comic performance. The comedy unfolds as a series of lessons, with each "short play" or sketch illuminating a different Badiousian concept. Yet Ahmed does more than illustrate philosophical abstractions; he embodies and vivifies the theatrical and performative aspects of philosophy, mobilizing a comic energy that exposes the emptiness and pomp of the world. Through his example, the audience is moved to a living engagement with philosophy, discovering in it the power to break through the limits of everyday life.
Ahorradoras: 101 trucos para ahorrar ¡Y vivir mejor que nunca!
by Maria Pilar Amela Gasulla101 trucos para ahorrar ¡Y vivir mejor que nunca! Ahorrar no significa renunciar al bienestar, sino conseguirlo por menos dinero. Los 101 trucos de este libro te ayudarán a tomar las riendas de tu economía doméstica de forma muy sencilla, pero con grandes resultados. Aprenderemos a manejar inteligentemente nuestro dinero, pero también nuestro espacio y nuestro tiempo. Entiendo el ahorro como una vía para alcanzar la felicidad y deseo que disfrutemos juntas de este aprendizaje cuya meta es nuestra libertad financiera. ¿Sabes qué es lo mejor? Esa libertad, además, se traduce en tiempo para nosotras mismas.
AI and Chatbots in Fintech: Revolutionizing Digital Experiences and Predictive Analytics (Contributions to Finance and Accounting)
by Gioia ArnoneThis book is a comprehensive guide to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Financial Technology (FinTech) industry. It is comprised of ten chapters, each addressing a specific aspect of AI in FinTech. The reader is introduced to AI in FinTech, including its history and current state and the role of chatbots in FinTech and how they are used to improve customer service. Furthermore, the book explores the business framework of AI-based ChatGPT in FinTech, including the technology behind ChatGPT and how it can be applied to various financial sectors. The book examines the use of predictive analytics and machine learning in FinTech, highlighting how these tools are used to predict customer behavior and improve decision-making. The author delves into how ChatGPT is used to determine buying behavior and discusses the use of machine learning to reshape the digital experience in FinTech. Additionally, the book provides best practices for retaining customers in FinTech, including how to use AI to create personalized experiences that keep customers coming back, and explores the different applications of predictive models in FinTech, including how they are used to improve risk management and fraud detection. Lastly, the book discusses the use of ChatGPT for stock price prediction and the detection of financial fraud and examines the role of ChatGPT in the world of cryptocurrency, including how it can be used to make informed investment decisions. Overall, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the different ways AI is being used in FinTech and the potential it holds for improving customer experiences and driving innovation in the financial industry.
AI and Society: Tensions and Opportunities (Chapman & Hall/CRC Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Series)
by Christo El MorrAI's impact on human societies is and will be drastic in so many ways. AI is being adopted and implemented around the world, and government and universities are investing in AI studies, research, and development. However, very little research exists about the impact of AI on our lives. This book will address this gap; it will gather reflections from around the world to assess the impact of AI on different aspects of society as well as propose ways in which we can address this impact and the research agendas needed.
AI and the Law: A Practical Guide to Using Artificial Intelligence Safely
by Harry BorovickLearn how to maximize your use of, and benefit from AI, personally and professionally while staying safe. To satisfy professionals and businesses trying to modernize their approaches to work and personal tasks, this book will explain some of the basics of what AI is, what AI is likely to look like in the near future, and how not to get stung using it. You’ll quickly realize that AI isn’t coming, it’s here, along with its opportunities and challenges. While some of the advantages of using AI tools may seem too good to be true, you’ll discover that the key to navigating the early stages of the AI era is to understand its guiding principles and then to prioritize the guidelines. The book features general situations and use cases to help you experience AI for fun and for work while retaining the benefits, profits, creations, outputs, and efficiencies of it. If you’re going to use AI in your daily career, whether as a student, creative, executive, marketer or in sales this book will help you understand how to bypass obstacles and get value from AI with the guidance of an AI and tech lawyer. What You Will Learn Identify, debunk, and protect against business and legal risk in the AI eraDiscuss these issues on a high level with CTOs and COOsSee how professionals can mutually use AI to their benefit Who This Book is For Anyone who wants to know whether AI is really going to change the world through the lens of their industry, or to simply understand how AI can be safely harnessed to maximize daily value while minimizing practical risks.
AI Development and the ‘Fuzzy Logic' of Chinese Cyber Security and Data Laws
by Max ParasolThe book examines the extent to which Chinese cyber and network security laws and policies act as a constraint on the emergence of Chinese entrepreneurialism and innovation. Specifically, how the contradictions and tensions between data localisation laws (as part of Network Sovereignty policies) affect innovation in artificial intelligence (AI). The book surveys the globalised R&D networks, and how the increasing use of open-source platforms by leading Chinese AI firms during 2017–2020, exacerbated the apparent contradiction between Network Sovereignty and Chinese innovation. The drafting of the Cyber Security Law did not anticipate the changing nature of globalised AI innovation. It is argued that the deliberate deployment of what the book refers to as 'fuzzy logic' in drafting the Cyber Security Law allowed regulators to subsequently interpret key terms regarding data in that Law in a fluid and flexible fashion to benefit Chinese innovation.
AI Ethics: A Textbook (Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms)
by Paula BoddingtonThis book introduces readers to critical ethical concerns in the development and use of artificial intelligence. Offering clear and accessible information on central concepts and debates in AI ethics, it explores how related problems are now forcing us to address fundamental, age-old questions about human life, value, and meaning. In addition, the book shows how foundational and theoretical issues relate to concrete controversies, with an emphasis on understanding how ethical questions play out in practice. All topics are explored in depth, with clear explanations of relevant debates in ethics and philosophy, drawing on both historical and current sources. Questions in AI ethics are explored in the context of related issues in technology, regulation, society, religion, and culture, to help readers gain a nuanced understanding of the scope of AI ethics within broader debates and concerns. Written with both students and educators in mind, the book is easy to use, with key terms clearly explained, and numerous exercises designed to stretch and challenge. It offers readers essential insights into the evolving field of AI ethics. Moreover, it presents a range of methods and strategies that can be used to analyse and understand ethical questions, which are illustrated throughout with case studies.
AI Ethics (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)
by Mark CoeckelberghAn accessible synthesis of ethical issues raised by artificial intelligence that moves beyond hype and nightmare scenarios to address concrete questions.Artificial intelligence powers Google's search engine, enables Facebook to target advertising, and allows Alexa and Siri to do their jobs. AI is also behind self-driving cars, predictive policing, and autonomous weapons that can kill without human intervention. These and other AI applications raise complex ethical issues that are the subject of ongoing debate. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers an accessible synthesis of these issues. Written by a philosopher of technology, AI Ethics goes beyond the usual hype and nightmare scenarios to address concrete questions.Mark Coeckelbergh describes influential AI narratives, ranging from Frankenstein's monster to transhumanism and the technological singularity. He surveys relevant philosophical discussions: questions about the fundamental differences between humans and machines and debates over the moral status of AI. He explains the technology of AI, describing different approaches and focusing on machine learning and data science. He offers an overview of important ethical issues, including privacy concerns, responsibility and the delegation of decision making, transparency, and bias as it arises at all stages of data science processes. He also considers the future of work in an AI economy. Finally, he analyzes a range of policy proposals and discusses challenges for policymakers. He argues for ethical practices that embed values in design, translate democratic values into practices and include a vision of the good life and the good society.
AI, Ethics, and Discrimination in Business: The DEI Implications of Algorithmic Decision-Making (Palgrave Studies in Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Indigenization in Business)
by Marco MarabelliThis book takes a historical approach to explore data, algorithms, their use in practice through applications of AI in various settings, and all of the surrounding ethical and DEI implications. Summarizing our current knowledge and highlighting gaps, it offers original examples from empirical research in various settings, such as healthcare, social media, and the GIG economy.The author investigates how systems relying on a binary structure (machines) work in systems that are instead analogic (societies). Further, he examines how underrepresented populations, who have been historically penalized by technologies, can play an active role in the design of automated systems, with a specific focus on the US legal and social system.One issue is that main tasks of machines concern classification, which, while efficient for speeding up decision-making processes, are inherently biased. Ultimately, this work advocates for ethical design and responsible implementation and deployment of technology in organizations and society through through government-sponsored social justice, in contrast with free market policies.This interdisciplinary text contributes to the timely and relevant debate on algorithmic fairness, biases, and potential discriminations. It will appeal to researchers in business ethics and information systems while building on theories from anthropology, psychology, sociology, management, marketing, and economics.
AI Ethics and Governance: Black Mirror and Order
by Zhiyi Liu Yejie ZhengThis book deeply analyzes the theoretical roots of the development of global artificial intelligence ethics and AI governance, the ethical issues in AI application scenarios, and the discussion of artificial intelligence governance issues from a global perspective. From the perspective of knowledge, the book includes not only the metaphysical research of traditional Western ethics, but also the interpretation of AI-related practical cases and international policies. The purpose of this book is not only to study AI ethics and governance issues academically, but to seek a path to solve problems in the real world. It is a very meaningful monograph in both academic theory and reality. This book responds to the implementation of China's digital economy governance and other topics. It is a cutting-edge academic monograph that combines industry, policy, and thought.In this book, the author not only discusses the humanities thoughts such as ethics, political economy, philosophy, and sociology, but also involves computer science, biology, and medicine and other science and engineering disciplines, effectively using interdisciplinary thinking as readers clarify how to explore ethical consensus and establish smart social governance rules in the era of artificial intelligence, so as to provide the most comprehensive and unique scientific and technological insights for smart economy participants, related practitioners in the artificial intelligence industry, and government policy makers. For academia, this is a representative book of Chinese scholars' systematic thinking on AI ethical propositions from a global perspective. For the industry, this is a book that understands the policies and ethical propositions faced by the development of AI industry. An important reference book, for policy makers, this is a monograph for understanding how policies in the AI industry make decisions that conform to AI industry practices and people's moral order.
AI Ethics in Higher Education: Insights from Africa and Beyond (SpringerBriefs in Ethics)
by Caitlin C. Corrigan Simon Atuah Asakipaam Jerry John Kponyo Christoph LuetgeThis open access book tackles the pressing problem of integrating concerns related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics into higher education curriculums aimed at future AI developers in Africa and beyond. For doing so, it analyzes the present and future states of AI ethics education in local computer science and engineering programs. The authors share relevant best practices and use cases for teaching, develop answers to ongoing organizational challenges, and reflect on the practical implications of different theoretical approaches to AI ethics. The book is of great interest to faculty members, researchers, and students in the fields of artificial intelligence, computer science, mathematics, computer engineering, and related areas, as well as higher education administration.
AI for Diversity (AI for Everything)
by Roger A. SøraaArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly impacting many aspects of people’s lives across the globe, from relatively mundane technology to more advanced digital systems that can make their own decisions. While AI has great potential, it also holds great peril depending on how it is designed and used. AI for Diversity questions how AI technology can lead to inclusion or exclusion for diverse groups in society. The way data is selected, trained, used, and embedded into societies can have unfortunate consequences unless we critically investigate the dangers of systems left unchecked, and can lead to misogynistic, homophobic, racist, ageist, transphobic, or ableist outcomes. This book encourages the reader to take a step back to see how AI is impacting diverse groups of people and how diversity-awareness strategies can impact AI.
AI for Healthcare Robotics (AI for Everything)
by Eduard Fosch-Villaronga Hadassah DrukarchWhat is artificial intelligence (AI)? What is healthcare robotics? How can AI and healthcare robotics assist in contemporary medicine? Robotics and AI can offer society unimaginable benefits, such as enabling wheelchair users to walk again, performing surgery in a highly automated and minimally invasive way, and delivering care more efficiently. AI for Healthcare Robotics explains what healthcare robots are and how AI empowers them in achieving the goals of contemporary medicine.
AI For Lawyers: How Artificial Intelligence is Adding Value, Amplifying Expertise, and Transforming Careers
by Noah Waisberg Alexander HudekDiscover how artificial intelligence can improve how your organization practices law with this compelling resource from the creators of one of the world’s leading legal AI platforms. AI for Lawyers: How Artificial Intelligence is Adding Value, Amplifying Expertise, and Transforming Careers explains how artificial intelligence can be used to revolutionize your organization’s operations. Noah Waisberg and Dr. Alexander Hudek, a lawyer and a computer science Ph.D. who lead prominent legal AI business Kira Systems, have written an approachable and insightful book that will help you transform how your firm functions. AI for Lawyers explains how artificial intelligence can help your law firm: Win more business and find more clients Better meet and exceed client expectations Find hidden efficiencies Better manage and eliminate risk Increase associate and partner engagement Whether focusing on small or big law, AI for Lawyers is perfect for any lawyer who either feels uneasy about how AI might change law or is looking to capitalize on the evolving practice. With contributions from experts in the fields of e-Discovery, legal research, expert systems, and litigation analytics, it also belongs on the bookshelf of anyone who’s interested in the intersection of law and technology.