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Algebraic and Differential Topology
by R.V. GamkrelidzeAlgebraic and Differential Topology presents in a clear, concise, and detailed manner the fundamentals of homology theory. It first defines the concept of a complex and its Betti groups, then discusses the topolgoical invariance of a Betti group. The book next presents various applications of homology theory, such as mapping of polyhedrons onto other polyhedrons as well as onto themselves. The third volume in L.S. Pontryagin's Selected Works, this book provides as many insights into algebraic topology for today's mathematician as it did when the author was making his initial endeavors into this field.
Algebraic and Stochastic Coding Theory
by Dave K. Kythe Prem K. KytheUsing a simple yet rigorous approach, Algebraic and Stochastic Coding Theory makes the subject of coding theory easy to understand for readers with a thorough knowledge of digital arithmetic, Boolean and modern algebra, and probability theory. It explains the underlying principles of coding theory and offers a clear, detailed description of each code. More advanced readers will appreciate its coverage of recent developments in coding theory and stochastic processes. After a brief review of coding history and Boolean algebra, the book introduces linear codes, including Hamming and Golay codes. It then examines codes based on the Galois field theory as well as their application in BCH and especially the Reed–Solomon codes that have been used for error correction of data transmissions in space missions. The major outlook in coding theory seems to be geared toward stochastic processes, and this book takes a bold step in this direction. As research focuses on error correction and recovery of erasures, the book discusses belief propagation and distributions. It examines the low-density parity-check and erasure codes that have opened up new approaches to improve wide-area network data transmission. It also describes modern codes, such as the Luby transform and Raptor codes, that are enabling new directions in high-speed transmission of very large data to multiple users. This robust, self-contained text fully explains coding problems, illustrating them with more than 200 examples. Combining theory and computational techniques, it will appeal not only to students but also to industry professionals, researchers, and academics in areas such as coding theory and signal and image processing.
Algebraic and Symbolic Computation Methods in Dynamical Systems (Advances in Delays and Dynamics #9)
by Alban Quadrat Eva ZerzThis book aims at reviewing recent progress in the direction of algebraic and symbolic computation methods for functional systems, e.g. ODE systems, differential time-delay equations, difference equations and integro-differential equations. In the nineties, modern algebraic theories were introduced in mathematical systems theory and in control theory. Combined with real algebraic geometry, which was previously introduced in control theory, the past years have seen a flourishing development of algebraic methods in control theory. One of the strengths of algebraic methods lies in their close connections to computations. The use of the above-mentioned algebraic theories in control theory has been an important source of motivation to develop effective versions of these theories (when possible). With the development of computer algebra and computer algebra systems, symbolic methods for control theory have been developed over the past years. The goal of this book is to propose a partial state of the art in this direction. To make recent results more easily accessible to a large audience, the chapters include materials which survey the main mathematical methods and results and which are illustrated with explicit examples.
An Algebraic Approach to Geometry: Geometric Trilogy II
by Francis BorceuxThis is a unified treatment of the various algebraic approaches to geometric spaces. The study of algebraic curves in the complex projective plane is the natural link between linear geometry at an undergraduate level and algebraic geometry at a graduate level, and it is also an important topic in geometric applications, such as cryptography. 380 years ago, the work of Fermat and Descartes led us to study geometric problems using coordinates and equations. Today, this is the most popular way of handling geometrical problems. Linear algebra provides an efficient tool for studying all the first degree (lines, planes) and second degree (ellipses, hyperboloids) geometric figures, in the affine, the Euclidean, the Hermitian and the projective contexts. But recent applications of mathematics, like cryptography, need these notions not only in real or complex cases, but also in more general settings, like in spaces constructed on finite fields. And of course, why not also turn our attention to geometric figures of higher degrees? Besides all the linear aspects of geometry in their most general setting, this book also describes useful algebraic tools for studying curves of arbitrary degree and investigates results as advanced as the Bezout theorem, the Cramer paradox, topological group of a cubic, rational curves etc. Hence the book is of interest for all those who have to teach or study linear geometry: affine, Euclidean, Hermitian, projective; it is also of great interest to those who do not want to restrict themselves to the undergraduate level of geometric figures of degree one or two.
Algebraic Approaches to Nuclear Structure
by A. CastenholzThis book is devoted to algebraic models and their applications. It presents a simple, but thorough, pedagogic approach, starting from the most elementary ideas and building up to the most recent results of advanced theories. The book is designed for a graduate level treatment.
Algebraic Approaches to Partial Differential Equations (Springer Monographs in Mathematics)
by Xiaoping XuThis book presents the various algebraic techniques for solving partial differential equations to yield exact solutions, techniques developed by the author in recent years and with emphasis on physical equations such as: the Maxwell equations, the Dirac equations, the KdV equation, the KP equation, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, the Davey and Stewartson equations, the Boussinesq equations in geophysics, the Navier-Stokes equations and the boundary layer problems. In order to solve them, I have employed the grading technique, matrix differential operators, stable-range of nonlinear terms, moving frames, asymmetric assumptions, symmetry transformations, linearization techniques and special functions. The book is self-contained and requires only a minimal understanding of calculus and linear algebra, making it accessible to a broad audience in the fields of mathematics, the sciences and engineering. Readers may find the exact solutions and mathematical skills needed in their own research.
Algebraic Circuits (Intelligent Systems Reference Library #66)
by Antonio Lloris Ruiz Encarnación Castillo Morales Luis Parrilla Roure Antonio García RíosThis book presents a complete and accurate study of algebraic circuits, digital circuits whose performance can be associated with any algebraic structure. The authors distinguish between basic algebraic circuits, such as Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) and cellular automata and algebraic circuits, such as finite fields or Galois fields. The book includes a comprehensive review of representation systems, of arithmetic circuits implementing basic and more complex operations and of the residue number systems (RNS). It presents a study of basic algebraic circuits such as LFSRs and cellular automata as well as a study of circuits related to Galois fields, including two real cryptographic applications of Galois fields.
Algebraic Coding Theory Over Finite Commutative Rings (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
by Steven T. DoughertyThis book provides a self-contained introduction to algebraic coding theory over finite Frobenius rings. It is the first to offer a comprehensive account on the subject. Coding theory has its origins in the engineering problem of effective electronic communication where the alphabet is generally the binary field. Since its inception, it has grown as a branch of mathematics, and has since been expanded to consider any finite field, and later also Frobenius rings, as its alphabet. This book presents a broad view of the subject as a branch of pure mathematics and relates major results to other fields, including combinatorics, number theory and ring theory. Suitable for graduate students, the book will be of interest to anyone working in the field of coding theory, as well as algebraists and number theorists looking to apply coding theory to their own work.
Algebraic Combinatorics (Chapman Hall/crc Mathematics Ser. #6)
by Chris GodsilThis graduate level text is distinguished both by the range of topics and the novelty of the material it treats--more than half of the material in it has previously only appeared in research papers. The first half of this book introduces the characteristic and matchings polynomials of a graph. It is instructive to consider these polynomials together because they have a number of properties in common. The matchings polynomial has links with a number of problems in combinatorial enumeration, particularly some of the current work on the combinatorics of orthogonal polynomials. This connection is discussed at some length, and is also in part the stimulus for the inclusion of chapters on orthogonal polynomials and formal power series. Many of the properties of orthogonal polynomials are derived from properties of characteristic polynomials. The second half of the book introduces the theory of polynomial spaces, which provide easy access to a number of important results in design theory, coding theory and the theory of association schemes. This book should be of interest to second year graduate text/reference in mathematics.
Algebraic Combinatorics: Walks, Trees, Tableaux, and More (Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics #38)
by Richard P. StanleyWritten by one of the foremost experts in the field, Algebraic Combinatorics is a unique undergraduate textbook that will prepare the next generation of pure and applied mathematicians. The combination of the author's extensive knowledge of combinatorics and classical and practical tools from algebra will inspire motivated students to delve deeply into the fascinating interplay between algebra and combinatorics. Readers will be able to apply their newfound knowledge to mathematical, engineering, and business models. The text is primarily intended for use in a one-semester advanced undergraduate course in algebraic combinatorics, enumerative combinatorics, or graph theory. Prerequisites include a basic knowledge of linear algebra over a field, existence of finite fields, and group theory. The topics in each chapter build on one another and include extensive problem sets as well as hints to selected exercises. Key topics include walks on graphs, cubes and the Radon transform, the Matrix-Tree Theorem, and the Sperner property. There are also three appendices on purely enumerative aspects of combinatorics related to the chapter material: the RSK algorithm, plane partitions, and the enumeration of labeled trees. Richard Stanley is currently professor of Applied Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Stanley has received several awards including the George Polya Prize in applied combinatorics, the Guggenheim Fellowship, and the Leroy P. Steele Prize for mathematical exposition. Also by the author: Combinatorics and Commutative Algebra, Second Edition, © Birkhauser.
Algebraic Combinatorics: Walks, Trees, Tableaux, and More (Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics #38)
by Richard P. StanleyWritten by one of the foremost experts in the field, Algebraic Combinatorics is a unique undergraduate textbook that will prepare the next generation of pure and applied mathematicians. The combination of the author’s extensive knowledge of combinatorics and classical and practical tools from algebra will inspire motivated students to delve deeply into the fascinating interplay between algebra and combinatorics. Readers will be able to apply their newfound understanding to mathematical, engineering, and business models. Prerequisites include a basic knowledge of linear algebra over a field, existence of finite fields, and rudiments of group theory. The topics in each chapter build on one another and include extensive problem sets as well as hints to selected exercises. Key topics include walks on graphs, cubes and the Radon transform, the Matrix-Tree Theorem, de Bruijn sequences, the Erdős–Moser conjecture, electrical networks, the Sperner property, shellability of simplicial complexes and face rings. There are also three appendices on purely enumerative aspects of combinatorics related to the chapter material: the RSK algorithm, plane partitions, and the enumeration of labeled trees.The new edition contains a bit more content than intended for a one-semester advanced undergraduate course in algebraic combinatorics, enumerative combinatorics, or graph theory. Instructors may pick and choose chapters/sections for course inclusion and students can immerse themselves in exploring additional gems once the course has ended. A chapter on combinatorial commutative algebra (Chapter 12) is the heart of added material in this new edition. The author gives substantial application without requisites needed for algebraic topology and homological algebra. A sprinkling of additional exercises and a new section (13.8) involving commutative algebra, have been added.From reviews of the first edition:“This gentle book provides the perfect stepping-stone up. The various chapters treat diverse topics … . Stanley’s emphasis on ‘gems’ unites all this —he chooses his material to excite students and draw them into further study. … Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.” —D. V. Feldman, Choice, Vol. 51(8), April, 2014
Algebraic Curves: Towards Moduli Spaces (Moscow Lectures #2)
by Maxim E. Kazaryan Sergei K. Lando Victor V. PrasolovThis book offers a concise yet thorough introduction to the notion of moduli spaces of complex algebraic curves. Over the last few decades, this notion has become central not only in algebraic geometry, but in mathematical physics, including string theory, as well. The book begins by studying individual smooth algebraic curves, including the most beautiful ones, before addressing families of curves. Studying families of algebraic curves often proves to be more efficient than studying individual curves: these families and their total spaces can still be smooth, even if there are singular curves among their members. A major discovery of the 20th century, attributed to P. Deligne and D. Mumford, was that curves with only mild singularities form smooth compact moduli spaces. An unexpected byproduct of this discovery was the realization that the analysis of more complex curve singularities is not a necessary step in understanding the geometry of the moduli spaces. The book does not use the sophisticated machinery of modern algebraic geometry, and most classical objects related to curves – such as Jacobian, space of holomorphic differentials, the Riemann-Roch theorem, and Weierstrass points – are treated at a basic level that does not require a profound command of algebraic geometry, but which is sufficient for extending them to vector bundles and other geometric objects associated to moduli spaces. Nevertheless, it offers clear information on the construction of the moduli spaces, and provides readers with tools for practical operations with this notion. Based on several lecture courses given by the authors at the Independent University of Moscow and Higher School of Economics, the book also includes a wealth of problems, making it suitable not only for individual research, but also as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate coursework
Algebraic Curves and Riemann Surfaces for Undergraduates: The Theory of the Donut
by Anil Nerode Noam GreenbergThe theory relating algebraic curves and Riemann surfaces exhibits the unity of mathematics: topology, complex analysis, algebra and geometry all interact in a deep way. This textbook offers an elementary introduction to this beautiful theory for an undergraduate audience. At the heart of the subject is the theory of elliptic functions and elliptic curves. A complex torus (or “donut”) is both an abelian group and a Riemann surface. It is obtained by identifying points on the complex plane. At the same time, it can be viewed as a complex algebraic curve, with addition of points given by a geometric “chord-and-tangent” method. This book carefully develops all of the tools necessary to make sense of this isomorphism. The exposition is kept as elementary as possible and frequently draws on familiar notions in calculus and algebra to motivate new concepts. Based on a capstone course given to senior undergraduates, this book is intended as a textbook for courses at this level and includes a large number of class-tested exercises. The prerequisites for using the book are familiarity with abstract algebra, calculus and analysis, as covered in standard undergraduate courses.
Algebraic Design Theory and Hadamard Matrices: ADTHM, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, July 2014 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #133)
by Charles J. ColbournThis volume develops the depth and breadth of the mathematics underlying the construction and analysis of Hadamard matrices, and their use in the construction of combinatorial designs. At the same time, it pursues current research in their numerous applications in security and cryptography, quantum information, and communications. Bridges among diverse mathematical threads and extensive applications make this an invaluable source for understanding both the current state of the art and future directions. The existence of Hadamard matrices remains one of the most challenging open questions in combinatorics. Substantial progress on their existence has resulted from advances in algebraic design theory using deep connections with linear algebra, abstract algebra, finite geometry, number theory, and combinatorics. Hadamard matrices arise in a very diverse set of applications. Starting with applications in experimental design theory and the theory of error-correcting codes, they have found unexpected and important applications in cryptography, quantum information theory, communications, and networking.
Algebraic Equations: An Introduction to the Theories of Lagrange and Galois
by Edgar DehnMeticulous and complete, this presentation of Galois' theory of algebraic equations is geared toward upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. The theories of both Lagrange and Galois are developed in logical rather than historical form. And they are given a more thorough exposition than is customary. For this reason, and also because the author concentrates on concrete applications of algebraic theory, Algebraic Equations is an excellent supplementary text, offering students a concrete introduction to the abstract principles of Galois theory. Of further value are the many numerical examples throughout the book, which appear with complete solutions.A third of the text focuses on the basic ideas of algebraic theory, giving detailed explanations of integral functions, permutations, and groups. in addition to a very clear exposition of the symmetric group and its functions. A study of the theory of Lagrange follows. Using Lagrange's solvent as a basis for the solution of the general quadratic, cubic, and biquadratic equations. After a discussion of various groups (including isomorphic, transitive, and Abelian groups), a detailed study of Galois theory covers the properties of the Galoisian function, resolvent. and group, the general equation, reductions of the group, natural irrationality. and other features. The book concludes with the application of Galoisian theory to the solution of such special equations as Abelian, cyclic, metacyclic, and quintic equations.
Algebraic Extensions of Fields
by Paul J. Mccarthy"...clear, unsophisticated and direct..." -- MathThis textbook is intended to prepare graduate students for the further study of fields, especially algebraic number theory and class field theory. It presumes some familiarity with topology and a solid background in abstract algebra. Chapter 1 contains the basic results concerning algebraic extensions. In addition to separable and inseparable extensions and normal extensions, there are sections on finite fields, algebraically closed fields, primitive elements, and norms and traces. Chapter 2 is devoted to Galois theory. Besides the fundamental theorum of Galois theory and some examples, it contains discussions of cyclic extensions, Abelian extensions (Kummer theory), and the solutions of polynomial equations by radicals. Chapter 2 concludes with three sections devoted to the study of infinite algebraic extensions. The study of valuation theory, including a thorough discussion of prolongations of valuations, begins with Chapter 3. Chapter 4 is concerned with extensions of valuated field, and in particular, with extensions of complete valuated fields. Chapter 5 contains a proof of the unique factorization theorum for ideals of the ring of integers of an algebraic number field. The treatment is valuation-theoretic throughout. The chapter also contains a discussion of extensions of such fields. A special feature of this book is its more than 200 exercises - many of which contain new ideas and powerful applications - enabling students to see theoretical results studied in the text amplified by integration with these concrete exercises.
Algebraic Geometry: Part I: Schemes. With Examples and Exercises (Advanced Lectures in Mathematics)
by Ulrich Görtz Torsten WedhornThis book introduces the reader to modern algebraic geometry. It presents Grothendieck's technically demanding language of schemes that is the basis of the most important developments in the last fifty years within this area. A systematic treatment and motivation of the theory is emphasized, using concrete examples to illustrate its usefulness. Several examples from the realm of Hilbert modular surfaces and of determinantal varieties are used methodically to discuss the covered techniques. Thus the reader experiences that the further development of the theory yields an ever better understanding of these fascinating objects. The text is complemented by many exercises that serve to check the comprehension of the text, treat further examples, or give an outlook on further results. The volume at hand is an introduction to schemes. To get startet, it requires only basic knowledge in abstract algebra and topology. Essential facts from commutative algebra are assembled in an appendix. It will be complemented by a second volume on the cohomology of schemes.
Algebraic Geometry
by Solomon LefschetzThis text for advanced undergraduate students is both an introduction to algebraic geometry and a bridge between its two parts — the analytical-topological and the algebraic. Because of its extensive use of formal power series (power series without convergency), the treatment will appeal to readers conversant with analysis but less familiar with the formidable techniques of modern algebra. The book opens with an overview of the results required from algebra and proceeds to the fundamental concepts of the general theory of algebraic varieties: general point, dimension, function field, rational transformations, and correspondences. A concentrated chapter on formal power series with applications to algebraic varieties follows. An extensive survey of algebraic curves includes places, linear series, abelian differentials, and algebraic correspondences. The text concludes with an examination of systems of curves on a surface.
Algebraic Geometry and Statistical Learning Theory
by Sumio WatanabeThe Cambridge Monographs on Applied and computational Mathematics reflect the crucial role of mathematical and computational techniques in contemporary science. The series includes titles in the Library of Computational Mathematics, published under the auspices of the Foundations of Computational Mathematics organisation. Sure to be influential, this book lays the foundations for the use of algebraic geometry in statistical learning theory. Many widely used statistical models and learning machines applied to information science have a parameter space that is singular: mixture models, neural networks, HMMS, Bayesian networks, and stochastic context-free grammars are major examples. Algebraic geometry and singularity theory provide the necessary tools for studying such non-smooth models. Four main formulas are established: (1) the log likelihood function can be given a common standard form using resolution of singularities, even applied to more complex models; (2) the asymptotic behavior of the marginal likelihood or ôthe evidenceô is derived based on zeta function theory; (3) new methods are derived to estimate the generalization errors in Bayes and Gibbs estimations from training errors; (4) the generalization errors of ; maximum likelihood and a posteriori methods are clarified by empirical process theory on algebraic varieties. Book jacket.
Algebraic Geometry between Tradition and Future: An Italian Perspective (Springer INdAM Series #53)
by Gilberto BiniAn incredible season for algebraic geometry flourished in Italy between 1860, when Luigi Cremona was assigned the chair of Geometria Superiore in Bologna, and 1959, when Francesco Severi published the last volume of the treatise on algebraic systems over a surface and an algebraic variety. This century-long season has had a prominent influence on the evolution of complex algebraic geometry - both at the national and international levels - and still inspires modern research in the area. "Algebraic geometry in Italy between tradition and future" is a collection of contributions aiming at presenting some of these powerful ideas and their connection to contemporary and, if possible, future developments, such as Cremonian transformations, birational classification of high-dimensional varieties starting from Gino Fano, the life and works of Guido Castelnuovo, Francesco Severi's mathematical library, etc. The presentation is enriched by the viewpoint of various researchers of the history of mathematics, who describe the cultural milieu and tell about the bios of some of the most famous mathematicians of those times.
Algebraic Geometry for Coding Theory and Cryptography: IPAM, Los Angeles, CA, February 2016 (Association for Women in Mathematics Series #9)
by Everett W. Howe Kristin E. Lauter Judy L. WalkerCovering topics in algebraic geometry, coding theory, and cryptography, this volume presents interdisciplinary group research completed for the February 2016 conference at the Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM) in cooperation with the Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM). The conference gathered research communities across disciplines to share ideas and problems in their fields and formed small research groups made up of graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, junior faculty, and group leaders who designed and led the projects. Peer reviewed and revised, each of this volume's five papers achieves the conference's goal of using algebraic geometry to address a problem in either coding theory or cryptography. Proposed variants of the McEliece cryptosystem based on different constructions of codes, constructions of locally recoverable codes from algebraic curves and surfaces, and algebraic approaches to the multicast network coding problem are only some of the topics covered in this volume. Researchers and graduate-level students interested in the interactions between algebraic geometry and both coding theory and cryptography will find this volume valuable.
Algebraic Graph Algorithms: A Practical Guide Using Python (Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science)
by K. ErciyesThis textbook discusses the design and implementation of basic algebraic graph algorithms, and algebraic graph algorithms for complex networks, employing matroids whenever possible. The text describes the design of a simple parallel matrix algorithm kernel that can be used for parallel processing of algebraic graph algorithms. Example code is presented in pseudocode, together with case studies in Python and MPI. The text assumes readers have a background in graph theory and/or graph algorithms.
Algebraic Graph Theory (Graduate Texts in Mathematics #207)
by Chris Godsil Gordon RoyleThis book presents and illustrates the main tools and ideas of algebraic graph theory, with a primary emphasis on current rather than classical topics. It is designed to offer self-contained treatment of the topic, with strong emphasis on concrete examples.
Algebraic Groups: The Theory of Group Schemes of Finite Type over a Field (Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics #170)
by J. S. MilneAlgebraic groups play much the same role for algebraists as Lie groups play for analysts. This book is the first comprehensive introduction to the theory of algebraic group schemes over fields that includes the structure theory of semisimple algebraic groups, and is written in the language of modern algebraic geometry. The first eight chapters study general algebraic group schemes over a field and culminate in a proof of the Barsotti-Chevalley theorem, realizing every algebraic group as an extension of an abelian variety by an affine group. After a review of the Tannakian philosophy, the author provides short accounts of Lie algebras and finite group schemes. The later chapters treat reductive algebraic groups over arbitrary fields, including the Borel-Chevalley structure theory. Solvable algebraic groups are studied in detail. Prerequisites have also been kept to a minimum so that the book is accessible to non-specialists in algebraic geometry.
Algebraic Inequalities (Problem Books in Mathematics)
by Hayk Sedrakyan Nairi SedrakyanThis unique collection of new and classical problems provides full coverage of algebraic inequalities. Many of the exercises are presented with detailed author-prepared-solutions, developing creativity and an arsenal of new approaches for solving mathematical problems. Algebraic Inequalities can be considered a continuation of the book Geometric Inequalities: Methods of Proving by the authors. This book can serve teachers, high-school students, and mathematical competitors. It may also be used as supplemental reading, providing readers with new and classical methods for proving algebraic inequalities.