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Geometric Structures of Information (Signals and Communication Technology)
by Frank NielsenThis book focuses on information geometry manifolds of structured data/information and their advanced applications featuring new and fruitful interactions between several branches of science: information science, mathematics and physics. It addresses interrelations between different mathematical domains like shape spaces, probability/optimization & algorithms on manifolds, relational and discrete metric spaces, computational and Hessian information geometry, algebraic/infinite dimensional/Banach information manifolds, divergence geometry, tensor-valued morphology, optimal transport theory, manifold & topology learning, and applications like geometries of audio-processing, inverse problems and signal processing. The book collects the most important contributions to the conference GSI’2017 – Geometric Science of Information.
Geometric Structures of Statistical Physics, Information Geometry, and Learning
by Frank Nielsen Frédéric BarbarescoMachine learning and artificial intelligence increasingly use methodological tools rooted in statistical physics. Conversely, limitations and pitfalls encountered in AI question the very foundations of statistical physics. This interplay between AI and statistical physics has been attested since the birth of AI, and principles underpinning statistical physics can shed new light on the conceptual basis of AI. During the last fifty years, statistical physics has been investigated through new geometric structures allowing covariant formalization of the thermodynamics. Inference methods in machine learning have begun to adapt these new geometric structures to process data in more abstract representation spaces. <P><P> This volume collects selected contributions on the interplay of statistical physics and artificial intelligence. The aim is to provide a constructive dialogue around a common foundation to allow the establishment of new principles and laws governing these two disciplines in a unified manner. The contributions were presented at the workshop on the Joint Structures and Common Foundation of Statistical Physics, Information Geometry and Inference for Learning which was held in Les Houches in July 2020. The various theoretical approaches are discussed in the context of potential applications in cognitive systems, machine learning, signal processing.
Geometric Structures: An Inquiry-Based Approach for Prospective Elementary and Middle School Teachers
by Douglas Aichele John WolfeFor prospective elementary and middle school teachers. This text provides a creative, inquiry-based experience with geometry that is appropriate for prospective elementary and middle school teachers. The coherent series of text activities supports each student’s growth toward being a confident, independent learner empowered with the help of peers to make sense of the geometric world. This curriculum is explicitly developed to provide future elementary and middle school teachers with experience recalling and appropriately using standard geometry ideas, experience learning and making sense of new geometry, experience discussing geometry with peers, experience asking questions about geometry, experience listening and understanding as others talk about geometry, experience gaining meaning from reading geometry, experience expressing geometry ideas through writing, experience thinking about geometry, and experience doing geometry. These activities constitute an “inquiry based” curriculum. In this style of learning and teaching, whole class discussions and group work replace listening to lectures as the dominant class activity.
Geometric Sturmian Theory of Nonlinear Parabolic Equations and Applications (Chapman & Hall/CRC Applied Mathematics & Nonlinear Science)
by Victor A. GalaktionovUnlike the classical Sturm theorems on the zeros of solutions of second-order ODEs, Sturm's evolution zero set analysis for parabolic PDEs did not attract much attention in the 19th century, and, in fact, it was lost or forgotten for almost a century. Briefly revived by P�lya in the 1930's and rediscovered in part several times since, it was not un
Geometric Theory of Information
by Frank NielsenThis book brings together geometric tools and their applications for Information analysis. It collects current and many uses of in the interdisciplinary fields of Information Geometry Manifolds in Advanced Signal, Image & Video Processing, Complex Data Modeling and Analysis, Information Ranking and Retrieval, Coding, Cognitive Systems, Optimal Control, Statistics on Manifolds, Machine Learning, Speech/sound recognition and natural language treatment which are also substantially relevant for the industry.
Geometric and Analytic Aspects of Functional Variational Principles: Cetraro, Italy 2022 (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2348)
by Giuseppe Mingione Rupert Frank Lubos Pick Ovidiu Savin Jean Van SchaftingenThis book is dedicated to exploring optimization problems of geometric-analytic nature, which are fundamental to tackling various unresolved questions in mathematics and physics. These problems revolve around minimizing geometric or analytic quantities, often representing physical energies, within prescribed collections of sets or functions. They serve as catalysts for advancing methodologies in calculus of variations, partial differential equations, and geometric analysis. Furthermore, insights from optimal functional-geometric inequalities enhance analytical problem-solving endeavors. The contributions focus on the intricate interplay between these inequalities and problems of differential and variational nature. Key topics include functional and geometric inequalities, optimal norms, sharp constants in Sobolev-type inequalities, and the regularity of solutions to variational problems. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of these concepts, deepening their appreciation for their relevance in mathematical and physical inquiries.
Geometric and Cohomological Group Theory (London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series #444)
by Ian J. Leary Peter H. Kropholler Conchita Martínez-Pérez BRITA E.A. NUCINKISThis volume provides state-of-the-art accounts of exciting recent developments in the rapidly-expanding fields of geometric and cohomological group theory. The research articles and surveys collected here demonstrate connections to such diverse areas as geometric and low-dimensional topology, analysis, homological algebra and logic. Topics include various constructions of Thompson-like groups, Wise's theory of special cube complexes, groups with exotic homological properties, the Farrell-Jones assembly conjectures and new applications of Garside structures. Its mixture of surveys and research makes this book an excellent entry point for young researchers as well as a useful reference work for experts in the field. This is the proceedings of the 100th meeting of the London Mathematical Society series of Durham Symposia.
Geometric and Ergodic Aspects of Group Actions (Infosys Science Foundation Series)
by S. G. Dani Anish GhoshThis book gathers papers on recent advances in the ergodic theory of group actions on homogeneous spaces and on geometrically finite hyperbolic manifolds presented at the workshop “Geometric and Ergodic Aspects of Group Actions,” organized by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India, in 2018. Written by eminent scientists, and providing clear, detailed accounts of various topics at the interface of ergodic theory, the theory of homogeneous dynamics, and the geometry of hyperbolic surfaces, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced graduate students in mathematics.
Geometric and Harmonic Analysis on Homogeneous Spaces and Applications: TJC 2015, Monastir, Tunisia, December 18-23 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #207)
by Ali Baklouti Takaaki NomuraThis book provides the latest competing research results on non-commutative harmonic analysis on homogeneous spaces with many applications. It also includes the most recent developments on other areas of mathematics including algebra and geometry.Lie group representation theory and harmonic analysis on Lie groups and on their homogeneous spaces form a significant and important area of mathematical research. These areas are interrelated with various other mathematical fields such as number theory, algebraic geometry, differential geometry, operator algebra, partial differential equations and mathematical physics. Keeping up with the fast development of this exciting area of research, Ali Baklouti (University of Sfax) and Takaaki Nomura (Kyushu University) launched a series of seminars on the topic, the first of which took place on November 2009 in Kerkennah Islands, the second in Sousse on December 2011, and the third in Hammamet on December 2013. The last seminar, which took place December 18th to 23rd 2015 in Monastir, Tunisia, has promoted further research in all the fields where the main focus was in the area of Analysis, algebra and geometry and on topics of joint collaboration of many teams in several corners. Many experts from both countries have been involved.
Geometric and Harmonic Analysis on Homogeneous Spaces: TJC 2017, Mahdia, Tunisia, December 17–21 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #290)
by Ali Baklouti Takaaki NomuraThis book presents a number of important contributions focusing on harmonic analysis and representation theory of Lie groups. All were originally presented at the 5th Tunisian–Japanese conference “Geometric and Harmonic Analysis on Homogeneous Spaces and Applications”, which was held at Mahdia in Tunisia from 17 to 21 December 2017 and was dedicated to the memory of the brilliant Tunisian mathematician Majdi Ben Halima. The peer-reviewed contributions selected for publication have been modified and are, without exception, of a standard equivalent to that in leading mathematical periodicals. Highlighting the close links between group representation theory and harmonic analysis on homogeneous spaces and numerous mathematical areas, such as number theory, algebraic geometry, differential geometry, operator algebra, partial differential equations and mathematical physics, the book is intended for researchers and students working in the area of commutative and non-commutative harmonic analysis as well as group representations.
Geometric and Numerical Optimal Control: Application to Swimming at Low Reynolds Number and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
by Bernard Bonnard Monique Chyba Jérémy RouotThis book introduces readers to techniques of geometric optimal control as well as the exposure and applicability of adapted numerical schemes. It is based on two real-world applications, which have been the subject of two current academic research programs and motivated by industrial use – the design of micro-swimmers and the contrast problem in medical resonance imaging. The recently developed numerical software has been applied to the cases studies presented here. The book is intended for use at the graduate and Ph.D. level to introduce students from applied mathematics and control engineering to geometric and computational techniques in optimal control.
Geometric and Topological Aspects of the Representation Theory of Finite Groups: Pims Summer School And Workshop, July 27-august 5 2016 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #242)
by Jon F. Carlson Srikanth B. Iyengar Julia PevtsovaThese proceedings comprise two workshops celebrating the accomplishments of David J. Benson on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday. The papers presented at the meetings were representative of the many mathematical subjects he has worked on, with an emphasis on group prepresentations and cohomology. The first workshop was titled "Groups, Representations, and Cohomology" and held from June 22 to June 27, 2015 at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. The second was a combination of a summer school and workshop on the subject of "Geometric Methods in the Representation Theory of Finite Groups" and took place at the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver from July 27 to August 5, 2016. The contents of the volume include a composite of both summer school material and workshop-derived survey articles on geometric and topological aspects of the representation theory of finite groups. The mission of the annually sponsored Summer Schools is to train and draw new students, and help Ph.D students transition to independent research.
Geometric and Topological Inference (Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics #57)
by Jean-Daniel Boissonnat Frédéric Chazal Mariette YvinecGeometric and topological inference deals with the retrieval of information about a geometric object using only a finite set of possibly noisy sample points. It has connections to manifold learning and provides the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of the rapidly evolving field of topological data analysis. Building on a rigorous treatment of simplicial complexes and distance functions, this self-contained book covers key aspects of the field, from data representation and combinatorial questions to manifold reconstruction and persistent homology. It can serve as a textbook for graduate students or researchers in mathematics, computer science and engineering interested in a geometric approach to data science.
Geometric and Topological Mesh Feature Extraction for 3D Shape Analysis
by Jean-Luc Mari Franck Hétroy-Wheeler Gérard SubsolThree-dimensional surface meshes are the most common discrete representation of the exterior of a virtual shape. Extracting relevant geometric or topological features from them can simplify the way objects are looked at, help with their recognition, and facilitate description and categorization according to specific criteria. This book adopts the point of view of discrete mathematics, the aim of which is to propose discrete counterparts to concepts mathematically defined in continuous terms. It explains how standard geometric and topological notions of surfaces can be calculated and computed on a 3D surface mesh, as well as their use for shape analysis. Several applications are also detailed, demonstrating that each of them requires specific adjustments to fit with generic approaches. The book is intended not only for students, researchers and engineers in computer science and shape analysis, but also numerical geologists, anthropologists, biologists and other scientists looking for practical solutions to their shape analysis, understanding or recognition problems.
Geometrical Formulation of Renormalization-Group Method as an Asymptotic Analysis: With Applications to Derivation of Causal Fluid Dynamics (Fundamental Theories of Physics #206)
by Teiji Kunihiro Yuta Kikuchi Kyosuke TsumuraThis book presents a comprehensive account of the renormalization-group (RG) method and its extension, the doublet scheme, in a geometrical point of view. It extract long timescale macroscopic/mesoscopic dynamics from microscopic equations in an intuitively understandable way rather than in a mathematically rigorous manner and introduces readers to a mathematically elementary, but useful and widely applicable technique for analyzing asymptotic solutions in mathematical models of nature. The book begins with the basic notion of the RG theory, including its connection with the separation of scales. Then it formulates the RG method as a construction method of envelopes of the naive perturbative solutions containing secular terms, and then demonstrates the formulation in various types of evolution equations. Lastly, it describes successful physical examples, such as stochastic and transport phenomena including second-order relativistic as well as nonrelativistic fluid dynamics with causality and transport phenomena in cold atoms, with extensive numerical expositions of transport coefficients and relaxation times. Requiring only an undergraduate-level understanding of physics and mathematics, the book clearly describes the notions and mathematical techniques with a wealth of examples. It is a unique and can be enlightening resource for readers who feel mystified by renormalization theory in quantum field theory.
Geometrical Kaleidoscope (Dover Books on Mathematics)
by Boris PritskerA high school course in geometry and some curiosity and enthusiasm for the subject are the only prerequisites for tackling this original exploration into the field, long a favorite for readers whose interest in math is not only practical and educational, but also recreational. The book centers on geometric thinking—what it means, how to develop it, and how to recognize it. Readers will discover fascinating insights into many aspects of geometry and geometrical properties and theorems, including such classic examples as Archimedes' law of the lever, Euler's line and circle properties, Fagnano's problem, and Napoleon's theorem.The volume is divided into sections on individual topics such as "Medians of a Triangle," and "Area of a Quadrilateral." Chapters typically begin with some interesting geometrical history, some relevant theorems, and some worked examples of problems followed by problems for readers to figure out for themselves (solutions are provided at the end of the book). The result is a many-faceted exploration, rather like a kaleidoscope, focusing on the mysteries and the pleasures of geometry.
Geometrical Methods for Power Network Analysis
by Stefano Bellucci Neeraj Gupta Bhupendra Nath TiwariThis book is a short introduction to power system planning and operation using advanced geometrical methods. The approach is based on well-known insights and techniques developed in theoretical physics in the context of Riemannian manifolds. The proof of principle and robustness of this approach is examined in the context of the IEEE 5 bus system. This work addresses applied mathematicians, theoretical physicists and power engineers interested in novel mathematical approaches to power network theory.
Geometrical Objects
by Anthony GerbinoThis volume explores the mathematical character of architectural practice in diverse pre- and early modern contexts It takes an explicitly interdisciplinary approach, which unites scholarship in early modern architecture with recent work in the history of science, in particular, on the role of practice in the "scientific revolution" As a contribution to architectural history, the volume contextualizes design and construction in terms of contemporary mathematical knowledge, attendant forms of mathematical practice, and relevant social distinctions between the mathematical professions As a contribution to the history of science, the volume presents a series of micro-historical studies that highlight issues of process, materiality, and knowledge production in specific, situated, practical contexts Our approach sees the designer's studio, the stone-yard, the drawing floor, and construction site not merely as places where the architectural object takes shape, but where mathematical knowledge itself is deployed, exchanged, and amplified among various participants in the building process.
Geometrical Themes Inspired by the N-body Problem (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2204)
by Luis Hernández-Lamoneda Haydeé Herrera Rafael HerreraPresenting a selection of recent developments in geometrical problems inspired by the N-body problem, these lecture notes offer a variety of approaches to study them, ranging from variational to dynamical, while developing new insights, making geometrical and topological detours, and providing historical references. A. Guillot’s notes aim to describe differential equations in the complex domain, motivated by the evolution of N particles moving on the plane subject to the influence of a magnetic field. Guillot studies such differential equations using different geometric structures on complex curves (in the sense of W. Thurston) in order to find isochronicity conditions. R. Montgomery’s notes deal with a version of the planar Newtonian three-body equation. Namely, he investigates the problem of whether every free homotopy class is realized by a periodic geodesic. The solution involves geometry, dynamical systems, and the McGehee blow-up. A novelty of the approach is the use of energy-balance in order to motivate the McGehee transformation. A. Pedroza’s notes provide a brief introduction to Lagrangian Floer homology and its relation to the solution of the Arnol’d conjecture on the minimal number of non-degenerate fixed points of a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism.
Geometrical Vectors (Chicago Lectures In Physics Ser.)
by Gabriel WeinreichEvery advanced undergraduate and graduate student of physics must master the concepts of vectors and vector analysis. Yet most books cover this topic by merely repeating the introductory-level treatment based on a limited algebraic or analytic view of the subject. <P><P> Geometrical Vectors introduces a more sophisticated approach, which not only brings together many loose ends of the traditional treatment, but also leads directly into the practical use of vectors in general curvilinear coordinates by carefully separating those relationships which are topologically invariant from those which are not. Based on the essentially geometric nature of the subject, this approach builds consistently on students' prior knowledge and geometrical intuition. <P><P> Written in an informal and personal style, Geometrical Vectors provides a handy guide for any student of vector analysis. Clear, carefully constructed line drawings illustrate key points in the text, and problem sets as well as physical examples are provided.
Geometrical Vectors (Chicago Lectures in Physics)
by Gabriel WeinreichEvery advanced undergraduate and graduate student of physics must master the concepts of vectors and vector analysis. Yet most books cover this topic by merely repeating the introductory-level treatment based on a limited algebraic or analytic view of the subject.Geometrical Vectors introduces a more sophisticated approach, which not only brings together many loose ends of the traditional treatment, but also leads directly into the practical use of vectors in general curvilinear coordinates by carefully separating those relationships which are topologically invariant from those which are not. Based on the essentially geometric nature of the subject, this approach builds consistently on students' prior knowledge and geometrical intuition. Written in an informal and personal style, Geometrical Vectors provides a handy guide for any student of vector analysis. Clear, carefully constructed line drawings illustrate key points in the text, and problem sets as well as physical examples are provided.
Geometrical and Statistical Methods of Analysis of Star Configurations Dating Ptolemy's Almagest
by A.T. FomenkoThis easy-to-follow book offers a statistico-geometrical approach for dating ancient star catalogs. The authors' scientific methods reveal statistical properties of ancient catalogs and overcome the difficulties of their dating originated by the low accuracy of these catalogs. Methods are tested on reliably dated medieval star catalogs and applied to the star catalog of the Almagest. Here, the dating of Ptolemy's famous star catalog is reconsidered and recalculated using modern mathematical techniques.The text provides necessary information from astronomy and astrometry. It also covers the history of observational equipment and methods for measuring coordinates of stars. Many chapters are devoted to the Almagest, from a preliminary analysis to a global statistical processing of the catalog and its basic parts. Mathematics are simplified in this book for easy reading. This book will prove invaluable for mathematicians, astronomers, astrophysicists, specialists in natural sciences, historians interested in mathematical and statistical methods, and second-year mathematics students.Features:
Geometrical methods of mathematical physics
by Bernard F. SchutzIn recent years the methods of modern differential geometry have become of considerable importance in theoretical physics and have found application in relativity and cosmology, high-energy physics and field theory, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and mechanics. This textbook provides an introduction to these methods - in particular Lie derivatives, Lie groups and differential forms - and covers their extensive applications to theoretical physics. The reader is assumed to have some familiarity with advanced calculus, linear algebra and a little elementary operator theory. The advanced physics undergraduate should therefore find the presentation quite accessible. This account will prove valuable for those with backgrounds in physics and applied mathematics who desire an introduction to the subject. Having studied the book, the reader will be able to comprehend research papers that use this mathematics and follow more advanced pure-mathematical expositions.
Geometrically Constructed Markov Chain Monte Carlo Study of Quantum Spin-phonon Complex Systems
by Hidemaro SuwaIn this thesis, novel Monte Carlo methods for precisely calculating the critical phenomena of the effectively frustrated quantum spin system are developed and applied to the critical phenomena of the spin-Peierls systems. Three significant methods are introduced for the first time: a new optimization algorithm of the Markov chain transition kernel based on the geometric weight-allocation approach, the extension of the worm (directed-loop) algorithm to nonconserved particles, and the combination with the level spectroscopy. Utilizing these methods, the phase diagram of the one-dimensional XXZ spin-Peierls system is elucidated. Furthermore, the multi-chain and two-dimensional spin-Peierls systems with interchain lattice interaction are investigated. The unbiased simulation shows that the interesting quantum phase transition between the 1D-like liquid phase and the macroscopically-degenerated dimer phase occurs on the fully-frustrated parameter line that separates the doubly-degenerated dimer phases in the two-dimensional phase diagram. The spin-phonon interaction in the spin-Peierls system introduces the spin frustration, which usually hinders the quantum Monte Carlo analysis, owing to the notorious negative sign problem. In this thesis, the author has succeeded in precisely calculating the critical phenomena of the effectively frustrated quantum spin system by means of the quantum Monte Carlo method without the negative sign.
Geometrically Unfitted Finite Element Methods and Applications: Proceedings Of The Ucl Workshop 2016 (Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering #121)
by Mats G. Larson Stéphane P. A. Bordas Erik Burman Maxim A. OlshanskiiThis book provides a snapshot of the state of the art of the rapidly evolving field of integration of geometric data in finite element computations. The contributions to this volume, based on research presented at the UCL workshop on the topic in January 2016, include three review papers on core topics such as fictitious domain methods for elasticity, trace finite element methods for partial differential equations defined on surfaces, and Nitsche’s method for contact problems. Five chapters present original research articles on related theoretical topics, including Lagrange multiplier methods, interface problems, bulk-surface coupling, and approximation of partial differential equations on moving domains. Finally, two chapters discuss advanced applications such as crack propagation or flow in fractured poroelastic media. This is the first volume that provides a comprehensive overview of the field of unfitted finite element methods, including recent techniques such as cutFEM, traceFEM, ghost penalty, and augmented Lagrangian techniques. It is aimed at researchers in applied mathematics, scientific computing or computational engineering.