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Government Consolidation and Economic Development in Allegheny County and the City of Pittsburgh
by Sally Sleeper Rae W. ArchibaldThis report concludes that, although evidence is mixed and effects difficult to measure, consolidating the City of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County could enhance economic development by unifying leadership, improving policy direction and coordination, and sharpening economic-development initiatives. Increased collaboration with the private sector also is important, and combining only two governments still leaves the region highly fragmented.
Grade 1 Math Speed Drills: Beginning Arithmetic
by Rod and Staff PublishersThis small tablet of 72 speed drills provides timed practice of addition and subtractions facts. These drills begin at lesson 28 and continue through lesson 170. Speed drills are to be given every other day. Directions for using this tablet are in the teacher's manual.
Grade 5: Getting Ready for High Stakes Assessments
by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing CompanyGo Math! Getting Ready for High Stakes Assessments Student Edition Grade 5
Grade 7 Common Core Assessment Readiness
by Holt McdougalMathematics: Assessment Readiness Workbook Grade 7
Graded Finite Element Methods for Elliptic Problems in Nonsmooth Domains (Surveys and Tutorials in the Applied Mathematical Sciences #10)
by Hengguang LiThis book develops a class of graded finite element methods to solve singular elliptic boundary value problems in two- and three-dimensional domains. It provides an approachable and self-contained presentation of the topic, including both the mathematical theory and numerical tools necessary to address the major challenges imposed by the singular solution. Moreover, by focusing upon second-order equations with constant coefficients, it manages to derive explicit results that are accessible to the broader computation community. Although written with mathematics graduate students and researchers in mind, this book is also relevant to applied and computational mathematicians, scientists, and engineers in numerical methods who may encounter singular problems.
Graded Rings and Graded Grothendieck Groups
by Roozbeh HazratThis study of graded rings includes the first systematic account of the graded Grothendieck group, a powerful and crucial invariant in algebra which has recently been adopted to classify the Leavitt path algebras. The book begins with a concise introduction to the theory of graded rings and then focuses in more detail on Grothendieck groups, Morita theory, Picard groups and K-theory. The author extends known results in the ungraded case to the graded setting and gathers together important results which are currently scattered throughout the literature. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in ring theory.
Gradually-varied Flow Profiles in Open Channels
by Chyan-Deng JanGradually-varied flow (GVF) is a steady non-uniform flow in an open channel with gradual changes in its water surface elevation. The evaluation of GVF profiles under a specific flow discharge is very important in hydraulic engineering. This book proposes a novel approach to analytically solve the GVF profiles by using the direct integration and Gaussian hypergeometric function. Both normal-depth- and critical-depth-based dimensionless GVF profiles are presented. The novel approach has laid the foundation to compute at one sweep the GVF profiles in a series of sustaining and adverse channels, which may have horizontal slopes sandwiched in between them.
Graham Priest on Dialetheism and Paraconsistency (Outstanding Contributions to Logic #18)
by Can Başkent Thomas Macaulay FergusonThis book presents the state of the art in the fields of formal logic pioneered by Graham Priest. It includes advanced technical work on the model and proof theories of paraconsistent logic, in contributions from top scholars in the field. Graham Priest’s research has had a considerable influence on the field of philosophical logic, especially with respect to the themes of dialetheism—the thesis that there exist true but inconsistent sentences—and paraconsistency—an account of deduction in which contradictory premises do not entail the truth of arbitrary sentences. Priest’s work has regularly challenged researchers to reappraise many assumptions about rationality, ontology, and truth.This book collects original research by some of the most esteemed scholars working in philosophical logic, whose contributions explore and appraise Priest’s work on logical approaches to problems in philosophy, linguistics, computation, and mathematics. They provide fresh analyses, critiques, and applications of Priest’s work and attest to its continued relevance and topicality. The book also includes Priest’s responses to the contributors, providing a further layer to the development of these themes.
Grammar for Writing (Fifth Course Gr. #10)
by Phyllis Goldenberg Carol Domblewski Elaine Epstein Martin LeeThis book is designed to take the mystery out of grammar and to help you become a better, more confident writer.
Grammar-Based Feature Generation for Time-Series Prediction
by Anthony Mihirana De Silva Philip H. W. LeongThis book proposes a novel approach for time-series prediction using machine learning techniques with automatic feature generation. Application of machine learning techniques to predict time-series continues to attract considerable attention due to the difficulty of the prediction problems compounded by the non-linear and non-stationary nature of the real world time-series. The performance of machine learning techniques, among other things, depends on suitable engineering of features. This book proposes a systematic way for generating suitable features using context-free grammar. A number of feature selection criteria are investigated and a hybrid feature generation and selection algorithm using grammatical evolution is proposed. The book contains graphical illustrations to explain the feature generation process. The proposed approaches are demonstrated by predicting the closing price of major stock market indices, peak electricity load and net hourly foreign exchange client trade volume. The proposed method can be applied to a wide range of machine learning architectures and applications to represent complex feature dependencies explicitly when machine learning cannot achieve this by itself. Industrial applications can use the proposed technique to improve their predictions.
Grammatical Inference
by Wojciech WieczorekThis book focuses on grammatical inference, presenting classic and modern methods of grammatical inference from the perspective of practitioners. To do so, it employs the Python programming language to present all of the methods discussed. Grammatical inference is a field that lies at the intersection of multiple disciplines, with contributions from computational linguistics, pattern recognition, machine learning, computational biology, formal learning theory and many others. Though the book is largely practical, it also includes elements of learning theory, combinatorics on words, the theory of automata and formal languages, plus references to real-world problems. The listings presented here can be directly copied and pasted into other programs, thus making the book a valuable source of ready recipes for students, academic researchers, and programmers alike, as well as an inspiration for their further development. >
Grandchildhood in Multigenerational Living: Practices, Meanings, Relations
by Adéla SouralováGrandchildhood in Multigenerational Living: Practices, Meanings, Relations is the first book to sociologically analyse grandchild-grandparent relationships from the perspective of grandchildren. Expanding the knowledge about hitherto under-researched grandchildren, this book puts grandchildren’s perspectives in the centre of qualitative analysis focuses. Presenting grandchildhood in its complexity, the author addresses its multiple dimensions from 54 in-depth interviews with grandchildren living in three-generation households with their parents and grandparents. Drawing upon 'family practices', this book conceptionally develops ‘grandchild practices’ as a new approach to see the diversities and similarities, harmonies and tensions, joys and obligations, or, simply put, the daily ambivalences of family relationships. This unique book is an indispensable resource for researchers and students of family studies and sociology of generations who wish to investigate how grandchildren understand, negotiate and make sense of their relationships with grandparents.
Granular Computing in Decision Approximation
by Lech Polkowski Piotr ArtiemjewThis book presents a study in knowledge discovery in data with knowledge understood as a set of relations among objects and their properties. Relations in this case are implicative decision rules and the paradigm in which they are induced is that of computing with granules defined by rough inclusions, the latter introduced and studied within rough mereology, the fuzzified version of mereology. In this book basic classes of rough inclusions are defined and based on them methods for inducing granular structures from data are highlighted. The resulting granular structures are subjected to classifying algorithms, notably k--nearest neighbors and bayesian classifiers. Experimental results are given in detail both in tabular and visualized form for fourteen data sets from UCI data repository. A striking feature of granular classifiers obtained by this approach is that preserving the accuracy of them on original data, they reduce substantially the size of the granulated data set as well as the set of granular decision rules. This feature makes the presented approach attractive in cases where a small number of rules providing a high classification accuracy is desirable. As basic algorithms used throughout the text are explained and illustrated with hand examples, the book may also serve as a textbook.
Graph Algebras and Automata (Chapman & Hall/CRC Pure and Applied Mathematics)
by Andrei KelarevGraph algebras possess the capacity to relate fundamental concepts of computer science, combinatorics, graph theory, operations research, and universal algebra. They are used to identify nontrivial connections across notions, expose conceptual properties, and mediate the application of methods from one area toward questions of the other four. After
Graph Algorithms
by Guy Even Shimon EvenShimon Even's Graph Algorithms, published in 1979, was a seminal introductory book on algorithms read by everyone engaged in the field. This thoroughly revised second edition, with a foreword by Richard M. Karp and notes by Andrew V. Goldberg, continues the exceptional presentation from the first edition and explains algorithms in a formal but simple language with a direct and intuitive presentation. The book begins by covering basic material, including graphs and shortest paths, trees, depth-first-search, and breadth-first search. The main part of the book is devoted to network flows and applications of network flows, and it ends with chapters on planar graphs and testing graph planarity.
Graph Algorithms: Practical Examples in Apache Spark and Neo4j
by Mark Needham Amy E. HodlerDiscover how graph algorithms can help you leverage the relationships within your data to develop more intelligent solutions and enhance your machine learning models. You’ll learn how graph analytics are uniquely suited to unfold complex structures and reveal difficult-to-find patterns lurking in your data. Whether you are trying to build dynamic network models or forecast real-world behavior, this book illustrates how graph algorithms deliver value—from finding vulnerabilities and bottlenecks to detecting communities and improving machine learning predictions.This practical book walks you through hands-on examples of how to use graph algorithms in Apache Spark and Neo4j—two of the most common choices for graph analytics. Also included: sample code and tips for over 20 practical graph algorithms that cover optimal pathfinding, importance through centrality, and community detection.Learn how graph analytics vary from conventional statistical analysisUnderstand how classic graph algorithms work, and how they are appliedGet guidance on which algorithms to use for different types of questionsExplore algorithm examples with working code and sample datasets from Spark and Neo4jSee how connected feature extraction can increase machine learning accuracy and precisionWalk through creating an ML workflow for link prediction combining Neo4j and Spark
Graph Coloring: From Games to Deterministic and Quantum Approaches (Advances in Metaheuristics)
by Maurice ClercThis book explores the problem of minimal valid graph coloring, first in the form of games and then of resolution algorithms. Emphasis is placed on deterministic, guaranteed and non-guaranteed methods. Stochastic methods are then just mentioned because they are already widely described in previous publications.The study then details a general quantum algorithm of polynomial complexity. A final chapter provides elements of reflection on diplomatic algorithms that, for the problem of coloring under resource constraints, seek a compromise minimizing frustrations. The appendix includes some mathematical additions and the source codes of the main algorithms presented, in particular the one of the quantum method.
Graph Data Science with Neo4j: Learn how to use Neo4j 5 with Graph Data Science library 2.0 and its Python driver for your project
by Estelle ScifoSupercharge your data with the limitless potential of Neo4j 5, the premier graph database for cutting-edge machine learningPurchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBookKey FeaturesExtract meaningful information from graph data with Neo4j's latest version 5Use Graph Algorithms into a regular Machine Learning pipeline in PythonLearn the core principles of the Graph Data Science Library to make predictions and create data science pipelines.Book DescriptionNeo4j, along with its Graph Data Science (GDS) library, is a complete solution to store, query, and analyze graph data. As graph databases are getting more popular among developers, data scientists are likely to face such databases in their career, making it an indispensable skill to work with graph algorithms for extracting context information and improving the overall model prediction performance.Data scientists working with Python will be able to put their knowledge to work with this practical guide to Neo4j and the GDS library that offers step-by-step explanations of essential concepts and practical instructions for implementing data science techniques on graph data using the latest Neo4j version 5 and its associated libraries. You'll start by querying Neo4j with Cypher and learn how to characterize graph datasets. As you get the hang of running graph algorithms on graph data stored into Neo4j, you'll understand the new and advanced capabilities of the GDS library that enable you to make predictions and write data science pipelines. Using the newly released GDSL Python driver, you'll be able to integrate graph algorithms into your ML pipeline.By the end of this book, you'll be able to take advantage of the relationships in your dataset to improve your current model and make other types of elaborate predictions.What you will learnUse the Cypher query language to query graph databases such as Neo4jBuild graph datasets from your own data and public knowledge graphsMake graph-specific predictions such as link predictionExplore the latest version of Neo4j to build a graph data science pipelineRun a scikit-learn prediction algorithm with graph dataTrain a predictive embedding algorithm in GDS and manage the model storeWho this book is forIf you're a data scientist or data professional with a foundation in the basics of Neo4j and are now ready to understand how to build advanced analytics solutions, you'll find this graph data science book useful. Familiarity with the major components of a data science project in Python and Neo4j is necessary to follow the concepts covered in this book.
Graph Databases: Applications on Social Media Analytics and Smart Cities
by Christos TjortjisWith social media producing such huge amounts of data, the importance of gathering this rich data, often called "the digital gold rush", processing it and retrieving information is vital. This practical book combines various state-of-the-art tools, technologies and techniques to help us understand Social Media Analytics, Data Mining and Graph Databases, and how to better utilize their potential. Graph Databases: Applications on Social Media Analytics and Smart Cities reviews social media analytics with examples using real-world data. It describes data mining tools for optimal information retrieval; how to crawl and mine data from Twitter; and the advantages of Graph Databases. The book is meant for students, academicians, developers and simple general users involved with Data Science and Graph Databases to understand the notions, concepts, techniques, and tools necessary to extract data from social media, which will aid in better information retrieval, management and prediction.
Graph Drawing and Network Visualization
by Emilio Di Giacomo Anna LubiwThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rdInternational Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, GD 2015,held in Los Angeles, Ca, USA, in September 2015. The 35 full papers presented together with 7 short papersand 8 posters in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 77submissions. Graph Drawing is concerned with the geometric representation ofgraphs and constitutes the algorithmic core of Network Visualization. GraphDrawing and Network Visualization are motivated by applications where it iscrucial to visually analyze and interact with relational datasets. Examples ofsuch application areas include social sciences, Internet and Web computing,information systems, computational biology, networking, VLSI circuit design,and software engineering. This year the Steering Committee of GD decided to extendthe name of the conference from the "International Symposium on GraphDrawing" to the "International Symposium on Graph Drawing and NetworkVisualization" in order to better emphasize the dual focus of theconference on combinatorial and algorithmic aspects as well as the design ofnetwork visualization systems and interfaces.
Graph Drawing and Network Visualization
by Yifan Hu Martin NöllenburgThis book constitutes revised selected papers from the 24th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, GD 2016, held in Athens, Greece, in September 2016. The 45 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 99 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: large graphs and clutter avoidance; clustered graphs; planar graphs, layered and tree drawings; visibility representations; beyond planarity; crossing minimization and crossing numbers; topological graph theory; special graph embeddings; dynamic graphs, contest report.
Graph Energy
by Xueliang Li Ivan Gutman Yongtang ShiThis book is about graph energy. The authors have included many of the important results on graph energy, such as the complete solution to the conjecture on maximal energy of unicyclic graphs, the Wagner-Heuberger's result on the energy of trees, the energy of random graphs or the approach to energy using singular values. It contains an extensive coverage of recent results and a gradual development of topics and the inclusion of complete proofs from most of the important recent results in the area. The latter fact makes it a valuable reference for researchers looking to get into the field of graph energy, further stimulating it with occasional inclusion of open problems. The book provides a comprehensive survey of all results and common proof methods obtained in this field with an extensive reference section. The book is aimed mainly towards mathematicians, both researchers and doctoral students, with interest in the field of mathematical chemistry.
Graph Learning and Network Science for Natural Language Processing (Computational Intelligence Techniques)
by Muskan Garg, Amit Kumar Gupta and Rajesh PrasadAdvances in graph-based natural language processing (NLP) and information retrieval tasks have shown the importance of processing using the Graph of Words method. This book covers recent concrete information, from the basics to advanced level, about graph-based learning, such as neural network-based approaches, computational intelligence for learning parameters and feature reduction, and network science for graph-based NPL. It also contains information about language generation based on graphical theories and language models. Features: -Presents a comprehensive study of the interdisciplinary graphical approach to NLP -Covers recent computational intelligence techniques for graph-based neural network models -Discusses advances in random walk-based techniques, semantic webs, and lexical networks -Explores recent research into NLP for graph-based streaming data -Reviews advances in knowledge graph embedding and ontologies for NLP approaches This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in computer science, natural language processing, and deep and machine learning.
Graph Neural Network Methods and Applications in Scene Understanding
by Weibin Liu Weiwei Xing Hui Wang Huaqing Hao Zhiyuan ZouThe book focuses on graph neural network methods and applications for scene understanding. Graph Neural Network is an important method for graph-structured data processing, which has strong capability of graph data learning and structural feature extraction. Scene understanding is one of the research focuses in computer vision and image processing, which realizes semantic segmentation and object recognition of image or video. In this book, the algorithm, system design and performance evaluation of scene understanding based on graph neural networks have been studied. First, the book elaborates the background and basic concepts of graph neural network and scene understanding, then introduces the operation mechanism and key methodological foundations of graph neural network. The book then comprehensively explores the implementation and architectural design of graph neural networks for scene understanding tasks, including scene parsing, human parsing, and video object segmentation. The aim of this book is to provide timely coverage of the latest advances and developments in graph neural networks and their applications to scene understanding, particularly for readers interested in research and technological innovation in machine learning, graph neural networks and computer vision. Features of the book include self-supervised feature fusion based graph convolutional network is designed for scene parsing, structure-property based graph representation learning is developed for human parsing, dynamic graph convolutional network based on multi-label learning is designed for human parsing, and graph construction and graph neural network with transformer are proposed for video object segmentation.
Graph Neural Network for Feature Extraction and Classification of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images (Intelligent Perception and Information Processing)
by Yijun Zhang Yao Ding Zhili Zhang Haojie Hu Fang He Shuli ChengThis book deals with hyperspectral image classification using graph neural network methods, focusing on classification model designing, graph information dissemination, and graph construction. In the book, various graph neural network based classifiers have been proposed for hyperspectral image classification to improve the classification accuracy. This book has promoted the application of graph neural network in hyperspectral image classification, providing reference for remote sensing image processing. It will be a useful reference for researchers in remote sensing image processing and image neural network design.