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Imaging Heat and Mass Transfer Processes
by Krishnamurthy Muralidhar Pradipta Kumar PanigrahiImaging Heat and Mass Transfer Processes: Visualization and Analysis applies Schlieren and shadowgraph techniques to complex heat and mass transfer processes. Several applications are considered where thermal and concentration fields play a central role. These include vortex shedding and suppression from stationary and oscillating bluff bodies such as cylinders, convection around crystals growing from solution, and buoyant jets. Many of these processes are unsteady and three dimensional. The interpretation and analysis of images recorded are discussed in the text.
Imaging the Cheops Pyramid
by H. D. BuiIn this book Egyptian Archeology and Mathematics meet. The author is an expert in theories and applications in Solid Mechanics and Inverse Problems, a former professor at Ecole Polytechnique and now works with Electricité de France on maintenance operations on nuclear power plants. In the Autumn of 1986, after the end of the operation on the King's chamber conducted under the Technological and Scientific Sponsorship of EDF, to locate a cavity, he was called to solve a mathematical inverse problem, to find the unknown tomb of the King and the density structure of the whole pyramid based on measurements of microgravity made inside and outside of the pyramid. This book recounts the various search operations on the pyramid of Cheops made at the request of the Egyptian and French authorities in 1986-1987. After the premature end of the Cheops operation in the Autumn of 1986, following the fiasco of unsuccessful drillings in the area suspected by both architects G. Dormion and J.P. Goidin and microgravity auscultation, EDF and CPGF (a geophysical company) teams continued their researches with measurements already made, trying this time an inversion of the Newton gravity equation for the entire pyramid and using another theoretical team led by the author. The inverse problem solution confirmed the results of auscultations, but found no cavity. However, the image of the average density at the surface of the entire pyramid forms a sort of square "spiral" probably related to the construction method. In 2000, Jean-Pierre Houdin considered the author's results of 1988 as a confirmation of his theory of the internal ramp tunnel. Since then the author has done additional research and found that classical theories of the construction based on degrees and the particular mode of stones filling can also report the same densitogram. The book is richly illustrated with color figures. It is dotted with information concerning Physics, Mechanics and the History of Egyptian Antiquities. The book ends with the greatest mystery of the pyramid about the unknown tomb of the King and a dream to see the tomb at an unexpected place.
Imaging, Vision and Learning Based on Optimization and PDEs: IVLOPDE, Bergen, Norway, August 29 – September 2, 2016 (Mathematics and Visualization)
by Xue-Cheng Tai Egil Bae Marius LysakerThis volume presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the international conference Imaging, Vision and Learning Based on Optimization and PDEs (IVLOPDE), held in Bergen, Norway, in August/September 2016. The contributions cover state-of-the-art research on mathematical techniques for image processing, computer vision and machine learning based on optimization and partial differential equations (PDEs). It has become an established paradigm to formulate problems within image processing and computer vision as PDEs, variational problems or finite dimensional optimization problems. This compact yet expressive framework makes it possible to incorporate a range of desired properties of the solutions and to design algorithms based on well-founded mathematical theory. A growing body of research has also approached more general problems within data analysis and machine learning from the same perspective, and demonstrated the advantages over earlier, more established algorithms. This volume will appeal to all mathematicians and computer scientists interested in novel techniques and analytical results for optimization, variational models and PDEs, together with experimental results on applications ranging from early image formation to high-level image and data analysis.
Imagining Numbers: (particularly The Square Root Of Minus Fifteen)
by Barry MazurHow the elusive imaginary number was first imagined, and how to imagine it yourselfImagining Numbers (particularly the square root of minus fifteen) is Barry Mazur's invitation to those who take delight in the imaginative work of reading poetry, but may have no background in math, to make a leap of the imagination in mathematics. Imaginary numbers entered into mathematics in sixteenth-century Italy and were used with immediate success, but nevertheless presented an intriguing challenge to the imagination. It took more than two hundred years for mathematicians to discover a satisfactory way of "imagining" these numbers. With discussions about how we comprehend ideas both in poetry and in mathematics, Mazur reviews some of the writings of the earliest explorers of these elusive figures, such as Rafael Bombelli, an engineer who spent most of his life draining the swamps of Tuscany and who in his spare moments composed his great treatise "L'Algebra". Mazur encourages his readers to share the early bafflement of these Renaissance thinkers. Then he shows us, step by step, how to begin imagining, ourselves, imaginary numbers.
Imitation Market Modeling in Digital Economy: Game Theoretic Approaches (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #368)
by Elena G. PopkovaThis book includes the best studies on the results of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “New behaviors of market players in the digital economy,” which was held by the Institute of Scientific Communications on July 8, 2021, online, in YouTube format. This book is devoted to the study of digital economy markets from the standpoint of various market players—society (consumers), entrepreneurship, and the state—from the standpoint of various sciences—economic, managerial, social, and legal—which ensures the multidisciplinarity of the book. The uniqueness of the book lies in the application of a new scientific and methodological approach to the study of digital economy markets—simulation modeling. The advantages of a game-based scientific and methodological approach to reducing the uncertainty of economic processes and systems—a combination of quantitative and qualitative analytical methods, a systematic consideration of economic processes and systems from a socio-economic point of view—make it especially suitable for studying digital economy markets. The book identifies the impact of globalization and digitalization on the modern economy and industry markets. The trends and features of the use of advanced technologies in the digital economy markets are studied. The modern practices of business management and business integration in the digital economy are considered. The foundations of economic security and sustainable development of markets and enterprises in the digital economy are revealed. The book is suitable for scientists studying the markets of the digital economy, who will find in it scientific and methodological recommendations and developments on the application of game theory, as well as ready simulation models of the digital economy markets.
Immanent Reasoning or Equality in Action: A Plaidoyer For The Play Level (Logic, Argumentation And Reasoning Ser. #18)
by Shahid Rahman Nicolas Clerbout Zoe McConaughey Ansten KlevThis monograph proposes a new way of implementing interaction in logic. It also provides an elementary introduction to Constructive Type Theory (CTT). The authors equally emphasize basic ideas and finer technical details. In addition, many worked out exercises and examples will help readers to better understand the concepts under discussion.One of the chief ideas animating this study is that the dialogical understanding of definitional equality and its execution provide both a simple and a direct way of implementing the CTT approach within a game-theoretical conception of meaning. In addition, the importance of the play level over the strategy level is stressed, binding together the matter of execution with that of equality and the finitary perspective on games constituting meaning.According to this perspective the emergence of concepts are not only games of giving and asking for reasons (games involving Why-questions), they are also games that include moves establishing how it is that the reasons brought forward accomplish their explicative task. Thus, immanent reasoning games are dialogical games of Why and How.
Immersed Boundary Method: Development and Applications (Computational Methods in Engineering & the Sciences)
by Ashoke De Somnath Roy Elias BalarasThis volume presents the emerging applications of immersed boundary (IB) methods in computational mechanics and complex CFD calculations. It discusses formulations of different IB implementations and also demonstrates applications of these methods in a wide range of problems. It will be of special value to researchers and engineers as well as graduate students working on immersed boundary methods, specifically on recent developments and applications. The book can also be used as a supplementary textbook in advanced courses in computational fluid dynamics.
Immersions in Warped Product Spaces (Frontiers in Mathematics)
by Henrique Fernandes de Lima Giovanni Molica Bisci Marco Antonio VelásquezThis book offers a detailed exploration of the intrinsic geometrical properties of warped product spaces through the lens of mathematical analysis and global differential geometry. It touches upon key topics such as uniqueness results, height estimates, Riemannian immersions, and the geometrical behavior of submanifolds, while addressing complex phenomena that challenge traditional Euclidean assumptions. Divided into five comprehensive parts, the text provides clear refinements of recent findings, with connections to General Relativity and semi-Riemannian geometry. Accessible yet thorough, this monograph is ideal for post-graduate students, researchers, and specialists across mathematics, geometry, and theoretical physics.
Immigrant America: A Portrait
by Prof. Alejandro Portes Prof. Rubén G. RumbautThis revised and updated fifth edition of Immigrant America: A Portrait provides a comprehensive and current overview of immigration to the United States, including its history, the principal theories seeking to account for its diverse origins, the main types of immigrants, and the various forms of immigrants' incorporation within American society. With the latest available data, Immigrant America further explores the economic, political, regional, linguistic, and religious aspects of immigration. It offers detailed analyses of the adaptation process experienced by adult children of immigrants and adds an updated and expanded concluding chapter on changing immigration policy regimes both past and present.
Immigrants and Boomers: Forging a New Social Contract for the Future of America
by Dowell Myers“This story of hope for both immigrants and native-born Americans is a well-researched, insightful, and illuminating study that provides compelling evidence to support a policy of homegrown human investment as a new priority. A timely, valuable addition to demographic and immigration studies. Highly recommended.” —Choice Virtually unnoticed in the contentious national debate over immigration is the significant demographic change about to occur as the first wave of the Baby Boom generation retires, slowly draining the workforce and straining the federal budget to the breaking point. In this forward-looking new book, noted demographer Dowell Myers proposes a new way of thinking about the influx of immigrants and the impending retirement of the Baby Boomers. Myers argues that each of these two powerful demographic shifts may hold the keys to resolving the problems presented by the other. Immigrants and Boomers looks to California as a bellwether state—where whites are no longer a majority of the population and represent just a third of residents under age twenty—to afford us a glimpse into the future impact of immigration on the rest of the nation. Myers opens with an examination of the roots of voter resistance to providing social services for immigrants. Drawing on detailed census data, Myers demonstrates that long-established immigrants have been far more successful than the public believes. Among the Latinos who make up the bulk of California’s immigrant population, those who have lived in California for over a decade show high levels of social mobility and use of English, and 50 percent of Latino immigrants become homeowners after twenty years. The impressive progress made by immigrant families suggests they have the potential to pick up the slack from aging boomers over the next two decades. The mass retirement of the boomers will leave critical shortages in the educated workforce, while shrinking ranks of middle-class tax payers and driving up entitlement expenditures. In addition, as retirees sell off their housing assets, the prospect of a generational collapse in housing prices looms. Myers suggests that it is in the boomers’ best interest to invest in the education and integration of immigrants and their children today in order to bolster the ranks of workers, taxpayers, and homeowners America they will depend on ten and twenty years from now. In this compelling, optimistic book, Myers calls for a new social contract between the older and younger generations, based on their mutual interests and the moral responsibility of each generation to provide for children and the elderly. Combining a rich scholarly perspective with keen insight into contemporary political dilemmas, Immigrants and Boomers creates a new framework for understanding the demographic challenges facing America and forging a national consensus to address them.
Immigrants in Regional Labour Markets of Host Nations
by Syed Ather AkbariThis book is the first to present a detailed analysis of economic integration of immigrants in smaller areas of their host nations. It uses Atlantic Canada as a case in point and uses unpublished data based on several databases of Statistics Canada and Citizenship and Immigration, Canada. It identifies best policy practices that can also be used in other countries to address demographic challenges similar to those facing Canada, for example population ageing and youth out-migration from smaller regions to larger regions, through immigration. Economic integration of immigrants in Atlantic Canada is faster and better than it is nationally. An overarching result is that an analysis of regional data can lead to very different policy conclusions than the analysis of national data, which means that it can be risky to devise immigration policy based only on national data. A clear message is that economic benefits from immigration can be enhanced by facilitating a broader geographic distribution of immigrants, rather than maintaining their concentration in a few larger urban regions. A must read for immigration and population policy makers, immigrant settlement agencies and academic researchers.
Immigration and the Remaking of Black America
by Douglas S. Massey Tod G. HamiltonOver the last four decades, immigration from the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa to the U. S. has increased rapidly. In several states, African immigrants are now major drivers of growth in the black population. While social scientists and commentators have noted that these black immigrants’ social and economic outcomes often differ from those of their native-born counterparts, few studies have carefully analyzed the mechanisms that produce these disparities. In Immigration and the Remaking of Black America, sociologist and demographer Tod Hamilton shows how immigration is reshaping black America. He weaves together interdisciplinary scholarship with new data to enhance our understanding of the causes of socioeconomic stratification among both the native-born and newcomers. Hamilton demonstrates that immigration from the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa is driven by selective migration, meaning that newcomers from these countries tend to have higher educational attainment than those who stay behind. As a result, they arrive in the U.S. with some advantages over native-born blacks, and, in some cases, over whites. He also shows the importance of historical context: prior to the Civil Rights Movement, black immigrants’ socioeconomic outcomes resembled native-born blacks’ much more closely, regardless of their educational attainment in their country of origin. Today, however, certain groups of black immigrants have better outcomes than native-born black Americans—such as lower unemployment rates and higher rates of homeownership—in part because they immigrated at a time of expanding opportunities for minorities and women in general. Hamilton further finds that rates of marriage and labor force participation among native-born blacks that move away from their birth states resemble those of many black immigrants, suggesting that some disparities within the black population stem from processes associated with migration, rather than from nativity alone. Hamilton argues that failing to account for this diversity among the black population can lead to incorrect estimates of the social progress made by black Americans and the persistence of racism and discrimination. He calls for future research on racial inequality to disaggregate different black populations. By richly detailing the changing nature of black America, Immigration and the Remaking of Black America helps scholars and policymakers to better understand the complexity of racial disparities in the twenty-first century.
Immigration in the Court of Public Opinion (Immigration and Society)
by Matthew Wright Jack Citrin Morris S. LevyWhat does a nation of immigrants think and feel about immigration? Recent accounts of immigration policy routinely cast Americans as divided into two warring camps – one fueled by threat to livelihoods and way of life, the other by a fervent cosmopolitanism that sees the nation-state as passé. This counter-intuitive book shows that these accounts miss the mark. First, almost all Americans hold a mix of ""pro-"" and ""anti-immigrant"" opinions. Their views are pragmatic and flexible rather than dead-set. Second, opinions about immigration are more powerfully influenced by liberal values and concerns about the well-being of American society as a whole than by identity politics. Third, the assimilation Americans demand from immigrants matches patterns of integration that Hispanic and Asian immigrants overwhelmingly follow. Finally, American attitudes toward immigrants are ""exceptional"" for their openness and respect for cultural pluralism. In Citrin, Levy, and Wright's view, long-elusive comprehensive immigration reform can win in the court of public opinion – but only if leaders heed their constituents rather than the polarized activists who claim to speak on their behalf. This expert analysis rethinks the role of public opinion in immigration matters: its insights will be welcomed by all interested in immigration debates and public policy.
Immunoinformatics
by Rajat K. De Namrata TomarAt the intersection of experimental and computational sciences, the second edition of Immunoinformatics provides biological insights as well as a simpler way to implement approaches and algorithms in the immunoinformatics research domain. After an introductory section, this extensive volume moves on to cover topics such as databases, tools for prediction, systems biology approaches, as well as a variety of immunoinformatics applications. As part of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the type of detailed information and implementation advice to ensure successful results. Comprehensive and practical, Immunoinformatics, Second Edition aims at students and researchers from diverse backgrounds and levels interested in working with immunological problems.
Immunological Computation: Theory and Applications
by Dipankar Dasgupta Fernando NinoClearly, nature has been very effective in creating organisms that are capable of protecting themselves against a wide variety of pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The powerful information-processing capabilities of the immune system, such as feature extraction, pattern recognition, learning, memory, and its distributive nature prov
Impact Evaluation: Treatment Effects and Causal Analysis
by Markus Frölich Stefan SperlichIn recent years, interest in rigorous impact evaluation has grown tremendously in policy-making, economics, public health, social sciences and international relations. Evidence-based policy-making has become a recurring theme in public policy, alongside greater demands for accountability in public policies and public spending, and requests for independent and rigorous impact evaluations for policy evidence. Frölich and Sperlich offer a comprehensive and up-to-date approach to quantitative impact evaluation analysis, also known as causal inference or treatment effect analysis, illustrating the main approaches for identification and estimation: experimental studies, randomization inference and randomized control trials (RCTs), matching and propensity score matching and weighting, instrumental variable estimation, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity designs, quantile treatment effects, and evaluation of dynamic treatments. The book is designed for economics graduate courses but can also serve as a manual for professionals in research institutes, governments, and international organizations, evaluating the impact of a wide range of public policies in health, environment, transport and economic development.
Impact Mathematics: Grade 3
by Frances Basich Whitney Robyn Silbey Jane D. Gawronski Viken HovsepianNIMAC-sourced textbook
Impact Mathematics: Grade 4
by Frances Basich Whitney Robyn Silbey Jane D. Gawronski Viken HovsepianNIMAC-sourced textbook
Impact Mathematics: Grade 5
by Frances Basich Whitney Robyn Silbey Jane D. Gawronski Viken HovsepianNIMAC-sourced textbook
Impact of AI and Data Science in Response to Coronavirus Pandemic (Algorithms for Intelligent Systems)
by Bhabani Shankar Prasad Mishra Pradeep Kumar Mallick Gyoo-Soo Chae Hrudaya Kumar Tripathy Sushruta MishraThe book presents advanced AI based technologies in dealing with COVID-19 outbreak and provides an in-depth analysis of variety of COVID-19 datasets throughout globe. It discusses recent artificial intelligence based algorithms and models for data analysis of COVID-19 symptoms and its possible remedies. It provides a unique opportunity to present the work on state-of-the-art of modern artificial intelligence tools and technologies to track and forecast COVID-19 cases. It indicates insights and viewpoints from scholars regarding risk and resilience analytics for policy making and operations of large-scale systems on this epidemic. A snapshot of the latest architectures, frameworks in machine learning and data science are also highlighted to gather and aggregate data records related to COVID-19 and to diagnose the virus. It delivers significant research outcomes and inspiring new real-world applications with respect to feasible AI based solutions in COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, it discusses strong preventive measures to control such pandemic.
Impact of Advances in Computing and Communications Technologies on Chemical Science and Technology: Report of a Workshop
by Chemical Sciences RoundtableThe Chemical Sciences Roundtable provides a forum for discussing chemically related issues affecting government, industry and government. The goal is to strengthen the chemical sciences by foster communication among all the important stakeholders. At a recent Roundtable meeting, information technology was identified as an issue of increasing importance to all sectors of the chemical enterprise. This book is the result of a workshop convened to explore this topic.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Business Success: Proceedings of The International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT 2021) (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #485)
by Allam Hamdan Bahaaeddin AlareeniThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2021) organized by EuroMid Academy of Business & Technology (EMABT), held in Istanbul, between 06–07 November 2021. In response to the call for papers for ICBT2021, 485 papers were submitted for presentation and inclusion in the proceedings of the conference. After a careful blind refereeing process, 292 papers were selected for inclusion in the conference proceedings from forty countries. Each of these chapters was evaluated through an editorial board, and each chapter was passed through a double-blind peer-review process.The book highlights a range of topics in the fields of technology, entrepreneurship, business administration, accounting, and economics that can contribute to business development in countries, such as learning machines, artificial intelligence, big data, deep learning, game-based learning, management information system, accounting information system, knowledge management, entrepreneurship, and social enterprise, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, business policy and strategic management, international management and organizations, organizational behavior and HRM, operations management and logistics research, controversial issues in management and organizations, turnaround, corporate entrepreneurship, innovation, legal issues, business ethics, and firm gerial accounting and firm financial affairs, non-traditional research, and creative methodologies.These proceedings are reflecting quality research contributing theoretical and practical implications, for those who are wise to apply the technology within any business sector. It is our hope that the contribution of this book proceedings will be of the academic level which even decision-makers in the various economic and executive-level will get to appreciate.
Impact: Mathematics, Grade K
by Frances Basich Whitney Robyn Silbey Jane D. Gawronski Viken HovsepianNIMAC-sourced textbook
Impending Inquisitions in Humanities and Sciences
by Mohan Varkolu Kranthi Priya Oruganti M P MalleshIn an era of increasing specialization, the need for cross-disciplinary dialogue demands an integrated approach that transcends the artificial boundaries between disciplines. "Impending Inquisitions in Humanities and Sciences" presents a groundbreaking tapestry of cutting-edge research across the spectrum of humanities and sciences. This volume presents a meticulously curated selection of research papers presented at the conference, a forum where scholars from diverse fields – English, Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry – converged to engage in rigorous dialogue and push the boundaries of knowledge. From the nuanced interpretations of literary texts to the elegant formulations of mathematical models, from the awe-inspiring revelations of physics to the meticulous experiments of chemistry, each contribution challenges assumptions and provokes fresh perspectives. This collection serves as a valuable resource for scholars, students, and academic fraternity with an insatiable curiosity about the world around us.