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Kernel Mode Decomposition and the Programming of Kernels (Surveys and Tutorials in the Applied Mathematical Sciences #8)
by Houman Owhadi Clint Scovel Gene Ryan YooThis monograph demonstrates a new approach to the classical mode decomposition problem through nonlinear regression models, which achieve near-machine precision in the recovery of the modes. The presentation includes a review of generalized additive models, additive kernels/Gaussian processes, generalized Tikhonov regularization, empirical mode decomposition, and Synchrosqueezing, which are all related to and generalizable under the proposed framework.Although kernel methods have strong theoretical foundations, they require the prior selection of a good kernel. While the usual approach to this kernel selection problem is hyperparameter tuning, the objective of this monograph is to present an alternative (programming) approach to the kernel selection problem while using mode decomposition as a prototypical pattern recognition problem. In this approach, kernels are programmed for the task at hand through the programming of interpretable regression networks in the context of additive Gaussian processes.It is suitable for engineers, computer scientists, mathematicians, and students in these fields working on kernel methods, pattern recognition, and mode decomposition problems.
Kernel Ridge Regression in Clinical Research
by Ton J. Cleophas Aeilko H. ZwindermanIBM (international business machines) has published in its SPSS statistical software 2022 update a very important novel regression method entitled Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR). It is an extension of the currently available regression methods, and is suitable for pattern recognition in high dimensional data, particularly, when alternative methods fail. Its theoretical advantages are plenty and include thekernel trick for reduced arithmetic complexity,estimation of uncertainty by Gaussians unlike histograms,corrected data-overfit by ridge regularization,availability of 8 alternative kernel density models for datafit.A very exciting and wide array of preliminary KRR research has already been published by major disciplines (like studies in quantum mechanics and nuclear physics, studies of molecular affinity / dynamics, atomisation energy studies, but also forecasting economics studies, IoT (internet of things) studies for e-networks, plant stress response studies, big data streaming studies, etc). In contrast, it is virtually unused in clinical research. This edition is the first textbook and tutorial of kernel ridge regressions for medical and healthcare students as well as recollection / update bench, and help desk for professionals. Each chapter can be studied as a standalone, and, using, real as well as hypothesized data, it tests the performance of the novel methodology against traditional regression analyses. Step by step analyses of over 20 data files stored at Supplementary Files at Springer Interlink are included for self-assessment. We should add that the authors are well qualified in their field. Professor Zwinderman is past-president of the International Society of Biostatistics (2012-2015) and Professor Cleophas is past-president of the American College of Angiology (2000-2002). From their expertise they should be able to make adequate selections of modern KRR methods for the benefit of physicians, students, and investigators. The authors have been working and publishing together for 24 years and their research can be characterized as a continued effort to demonstrate that clinical data analysis is not mathematics but rather a discipline at the interface of biology and mathematics.
Kernel Smoothing: Principles, Methods and Applications
by Sucharita GhoshComprehensive theoretical overview of kernel smoothing methods with motivating examples Kernel smoothing is a flexible nonparametric curve estimation method that is applicable when parametric descriptions of the data are not sufficiently adequate. This book explores theory and methods of kernel smoothing in a variety of contexts, considering independent and correlated data e.g. with short-memory and long-memory correlations, as well as non-Gaussian data that are transformations of latent Gaussian processes. These types of data occur in many fields of research, e.g. the natural and the environmental sciences, and others. Nonparametric density estimation, nonparametric and semiparametric regression, trend and surface estimation in particular for time series and spatial data and other topics such as rapid change points, robustness etc. are introduced alongside a study of their theoretical properties and optimality issues, such as consistency and bandwidth selection. Addressing a variety of topics, Kernel Smoothing: Principles, Methods and Applications offers a user-friendly presentation of the mathematical content so that the reader can directly implement the formulas using any appropriate software. The overall aim of the book is to describe the methods and their theoretical backgrounds, while maintaining an analytically simple approach and including motivating examples—making it extremely useful in many sciences such as geophysics, climate research, forestry, ecology, and other natural and life sciences, as well as in finance, sociology, and engineering. A simple and analytical description of kernel smoothing methods in various contexts Presents the basics as well as new developments Includes simulated and real data examples Kernel Smoothing: Principles, Methods and Applications is a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in statistics, as well as a reference book for applied statisticians and advanced researchers.
Kernel Smoothing (ISSN #60)
by M.P. Wand M.C. JonesKernel smoothing refers to a general methodology for recovery of underlying structure in data sets. The basic principle is that local averaging or smoothing is performed with respect to a kernel function.This book provides uninitiated readers with a feeling for the principles, applications, and analysis of kernel smoothers. This is facilita
Key Concepts in Teaching Primary Mathematics (SAGE Key Concepts series)
by Derek HaylockCovering the key principles and concepts in the teaching and learning of mathematics in primary schools, this text provides trainee and practising teachers with a quick and easy reference to what they need to know for their course, and in the classroom. The entries are arranged alphabetically, and each contains a brief definition, followed by an explanation and discussion, practical examples and annotated suggestions for further reading. Examples of the wide-ranging material include: Anxiety about mathematics; Assessment for Learning; Cognitive conflict; Concept learning; Creativity in mathematics; Differentiation; Equivalence; Explanation; Investigation; Low attainment; Making connections; Meaningful context; Mental calculation; Numeracy; Play as a context for learning mathematics; Problem-solving; Questioning; Talk.
Key Demographics in Retirement Risk Management
by Leroy O StoneKey Demographics in Retirement Risk Management argues that the weakening of public and employer-sponsored social safety nets in several countries will permanently increase pre-retirees' risk-anxiety and create pressure towards readjustment of their expectations about the quality of their lives in retirement. The result will be to raise the priority of achieving effective comprehensive retirement related risk management. This achievement requires an emphasis upon the cascading of linked risks, and careful attention to the optimization of scarce resources used to manage those linked risks. Professional financial and retirement planning advisors comprise a key source of help. This book develops new knowledge concerning the factors that help to explain three important aspects of access to these professional advisors. The results of this analysis are used to illustrate the process of identifying distinctive population segments, key demographics, on the basis of multiple population attributes treated simultaneously. The illustration is further extended with an identification of distinctive population segments relative to performance on a composite indicator of the conduct of multiple retirement risk management activities. The book also discusses implications of the pattern of gender differences in preparedness to address retirement's challenges, highlighting subgroups of women in which inadequate preparedness is pronounced.
Key Labor Market Indicators: Analysis with Household Survey Data
by Ina Pietschmann Sajaia Michael Lokshin Evangelia Bourmpoula Steven KapsosKey Labor Market Indicators: Analysis with Household Survey Data is an introduction to labor market indicator analysis and a guide for analyzing household survey data using the ADePT ILO (International Labour Organization) Labor Market Indicators Module. The analytical framework and approach taken up in this book are based on the ILO's Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM). KILM indicators provide a strong basis on which to address key questions related to productive employment and decent work. The ADePT ILO Labor Market Indicators Module is a powerful tool for producing and analyzing KILM indicators using household survey data. The software allows researchers and practitioners to automate data production, to minimize data production errors, and to quickly produce a wide range of labor market data from labor force surveys or other household surveys that contain labor market information. ABOUT ADePT Streamlined Analysis with ADePT Software is a series that provides academics, students, and policy practitioners with a theoretical foundation, practical guidelines, and software tools for applied analysis in various areas of economic research. ADePT Platform is a software package developed in the research department of the World Bank (see www.worldbank.org/adept). The series examines such topics as sector performance and inequality in education, the effectiveness of social transfers, labor market conditions, the effects of macroeconomic shocks on income distribution and labor market outcomes, child anthropometrics, and gender inequalities.
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Book 1
by Sophie Goldie Luke RobinsonWith small steps and our carefully crafted questions, every pupil will achieve greater progress.Designed to be used flexibly, this second edition textbook has been updated to include more Mastery-style questions and whole-class activities. Whether you follow a full Mastery scheme, choose to use Mastery aspects or you're just looking for quality resources, our three textbooks support the way you want to teach.Each book gradually builds on prior knowledge, developing pupils' confidence, fluency, reasoning and problem-solving skills.· Secure understanding with differentiated questions and worked examples that build on prior knowledge, following the 'do it, secure it, deepen it' Mastery structure· Recap skills and topics from Key Stage 2, ensuring a smooth transition to Key Stage 3· Target key skills using the fluency, reasoning and problem-solving markers in the margin· Build confidence with starter activities and warm-up questions to introduce each concept· Develop reasoning skills using non-examples, where pupils identify mistakes in sample answers· Track progress through review questions, building key skills and knowledge· Benefit from the expertise of UK Mastery trained subject specialists with over 30 years of teaching experience· Cover the full UK National Curriculum and all four strands - number, algebra, geometry and measures, statistics and probability - within our three restructured textbooks for Key Stage 3Our flexible, Mastery-led approachOur flexible approach allows you to teach maths your way. You can choose to focus on building understanding using the graduated questions or take a Mastery approach to exposition using manipulatives and 'concrete, pictorial, abstract' in the optional class activities.Answers will be provided online.
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Book 2
by Sophie Goldie Luke Robinson Andrew GintyWith small steps and our carefully crafted questions, every pupil will achieve greater progress.Designed to be used flexibly, this second edition textbook has been updated to include more Mastery-style questions and whole-class activities. Whether you follow a full Mastery scheme, choose to use Mastery aspects or you're just looking for quality resources, our three textbooks support the way you want to teach.Each book gradually builds on prior knowledge, developing pupils' confidence, fluency, reasoning and problem-solving skills.· Secure understanding with differentiated questions and worked examples that build on prior knowledge, following the 'do it, secure it, deepen it' Mastery structure, building on prior knowledge from Book 1· Target key skills using the fluency, reasoning and problem-solving markers in the margin· Build confidence with starter activities and warm-up questions to introduce each concept· Develop reasoning skills using non-examples, where pupils identify mistakes in sample answers· Track progress through review questions, building key skills and knowledge· Benefit from the expertise of UK Mastery trained subject specialists with over 30 years of teaching experience· Cover the full UK National Curriculum and all four strands - number, algebra, geometry and measures, statistics and probability - within our three restructured textbooks for Key Stage 3Our flexible, Mastery-led approachOur flexible approach allows you to teach maths your way. You can choose to focus on building understanding using the graduated questions or take a Mastery approach to exposition using manipulatives and 'concrete, pictorial, abstract' in the optional class activities.Answers will be provided online.
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Book 3
by Sophie Goldie Luke Robinson Heather DavisWith small steps and our carefully crafted questions, every pupil will achieve greater progress.Designed to be used flexibly, this second edition textbook has been updated to include more Mastery-style questions and whole-class activities. Whether you follow a full Mastery scheme, choose to use Mastery aspects or you're just looking for quality resources, our three textbooks support the way you want to teach.Each book gradually builds on prior knowledge, developing pupils' confidence, fluency, reasoning and problem-solving skills.· Secure understanding with differentiated questions and worked examples that follow the 'do it, secure it, deepen it' Mastery structure, building on prior knowledge from Book 2· Target key skills using the fluency, reasoning and problem-solving markers in the margin· Build confidence with starter activities and warm-up questions to introduce each concept· Develop reasoning skills using non-examples, where pupils identify mistakes in sample answers· Track progress through review questions, building key skills and knowledge so students will be prepared for the next step up to GCSE· Benefit from the expertise of UK Mastery trained subject specialists with over 30 years of teaching experience· Cover the full UK National Curriculum and all four strands - number, algebra, geometry and measures, statistics and probability - within our three restructured textbooks for Key Stage 3Our flexible, Mastery-led approachOur flexible approach allows you to teach maths your way. You can choose to focus on building understanding using the graduated questions or take a Mastery approach to exposition using manipulatives and 'concrete, pictorial, abstract' in the optional class activities.Answers will be provided online.
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Develop and Secure Practice Book 1
by Frances CarrBuild key fluency and reasoning skills and prepare for problem-solving with extra practice. This book is packed with questions that take small steps to enable sustained progress and is perfect for intervention.- Bridge the gap from KS2 to KS3 by recapping the key skills and content needed for KS3- Develop knowledge and understanding with practice questions that get progressively more difficult following a Mastery approach to learning- Support pupils with helpful reminders and explanations alongside hints for trickier questions- Help to engage pupils with questions that relate maths to outside of the classroom and plenty of colourful images- Enable home learning with answers available online
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Develop and Secure Practice Book 2
by Frances CarrBuild key fluency, reasoning and problem-solving skills with extra practice. This book is packed with questions that take small steps to enable sustained progress and is perfect for intervention.- Develop knowledge and understanding with practice questions that get progressively more difficult following a Mastery approach to learning- Support pupils with helpful reminders and explanations alongside hints for trickier questions- Help to engage pupils with questions that relate maths to outside of the classroom and plenty of colourful images- Enable home learning with answers available online
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Develop and Secure Practice Book 3
by Frances CarrBuild key fluency, reasoning and problem-solving skills with extra practice. This book is packed with questions that take small steps to enable sustained progress and is perfect for intervention.- Develop knowledge and understanding with practice questions that get progressively more difficult following a Mastery approach to learning- Support pupils with helpful reminders and explanations alongside hints for trickier questions- Help to engage pupils with questions that relate maths to outside of the classroom and plenty of colourful images- Enable home learning with answers available online
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Extend Practice Book 1
by Heather DavisStrengthen problem-solving skills and challenge more able pupils through extra practice. This book is packed with questions that are perfect for extension activities and learning beyond the curriculum.- Ensure sustained progress and greater depth for more able pupils with challenging practice questions designed to improve their fluency, reasoning and problem-solving skills- Follow a Mastery approach to learning with questions that get progressively more difficult through small steps - Promote conceptual understanding with questions that encourage pupils to apply and reflect on their knowledge- Enable home learning with answers available online
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Extend Practice Book 2
by Heather DavisStrengthen problem-solving skills and challenge more able pupils through extra practice. This book is packed with questions that are perfect for extension activities and learning beyond the curriculum.- Ensure sustained progress and greater depth for more able pupils with challenging practice questions designed to improve their fluency, reasoning and problem-solving skills- Follow a Mastery approach to learning with questions that get progressively more difficult through small steps - Promote conceptual understanding with questions that encourage pupils to apply and reflect on their knowledge- Enable home learning with answers available online
Key Stage 3 Mastering Mathematics Extend Practice Book 3
by Heather DavisStrengthen problem-solving skills and challenge more able pupils through extra practice. This book is packed with questions that are perfect for extension activities and learning beyond the curriculum.- Ensure sustained progress and greater depth for more able pupils with challenging practice questions designed to improve their fluency, reasoning and problem-solving skills- Follow a Mastery approach to learning with questions that get progressively more difficult through small steps - Promote conceptual understanding with questions that encourage pupils to apply and reflect on their knowledge- Enable home learning with answers available online
KI 2019: 42nd German Conference on AI, Kassel, Germany, September 23–26, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11793)
by Christoph Benzmüller Heiner StuckenschmidtThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 42nd German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, KI 2019, held in Kassel, Germany, in September 2019. The 16 full and 10 short papers presented together with 3 extended abstracts in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. KI 2019 has a special focus theme on "AI methods for Argumentation" and especially invited contributions that use methods from all areas of AI to understand, formalize or generate argument structures in natural language.
KI 2024: 47th German Conference on AI, Würzburg, Germany, September 25–27, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14992)
by Andreas Hotho Sebastian RudolphThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 47th German Conference on AI, KI 2024, which was held in Würzburg, Germany, during September 25–27, 2024. The 19 full papers, 7 short papers and 5 other papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. KI is one of the major European AI conferences and traditionally brings together academic and industrial researchers from all areas of AI, providing an ideal place for exchanging news and research results on theory and applications. The papers have been categorized into the following sections: full technical papers; technical communications; extended abstracts of papers from other AI conferences.
Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation: MICCAI 2023 Challenge, KiTS 2023, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2023, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 8, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14540)
by Nicholas Heller Andrew Wood Fabian Isensee Tim Rädsch Resha Teipaul Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos Christopher WeightThis book constitutes the Third International Challenge on Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation, KiTS 2023, which was held in conjunction with the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2023. The challenge took place in Vancouver, BC, Canada, on October 8, 2023. The 22 contributions presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. This challenge aims to develop the best system for automatic semantic segmentation of kidneys, renal tumors and renal cysts.
Kinder thematisieren Differenzerfahrungen: Eine rekonstruktive Studie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sachunterrichtsdidaktik und des Sozialen Lernens (Sachlernen & kindliche Bildung – Bedingungen, Strukturen, Kontexte)
by Florian SchrumpfWelches Potenzial hat der Sachunterricht für die Thematisierung kindlicher Differenzerfahrungen? Und kann in diesem Zusammenhang der Begriff des Sozialen Lernens didaktische und forschungsmethodologische Impulse für die fachdidaktische Forschung zu Differenzerfahrungen bereithalten? Florian Schrumpf geht in dem vorliegenden Buch diesen Fragen nach und entfaltet seine Argumentation durch Überlegungen zum Passungsverhältnis zwischen Sachunterrichtsdidaktik und Sozialem Lernen. Die bildungstheoretische Diskussion wird dabei mit einem soziologischen Zugang zu Kinderkulturen verbunden: Ein empirisches Forschungsvorhaben rekonstruiert das Sprechen über Differenz von Kindern in Gruppendiskussionen. Aus den theoretischen und empirischen Erkenntnissen werden für die Sachunterrichtsdidaktik und das Soziale Lernen didaktische Konsequenzen gezogen. Abschließend werden das Gruppendiskussionsverfahren sowie die Dokumentarische Methode hinsichtlich ihrer Potenziale und Herausforderungen für die fachdidaktische Forschung mit Kindern kritisch reflektiert.
Kindergarten Math With Confidence Instructor Guide (Math with Confidence #1)
by Kate SnowComprehensive coverage of all essential kindergarten math topics. With this scripted, open-and-go program, parents can help their children master all the concepts typically covered in kindergarten: counting to 100 writing numbers beginning addition and subtraction shapes and patterns coins, time, and measurement Carefully-sequenced, confidence-building lessons will help children develop a strong understanding of math, step by step. Daily review will ensure they fully master what they have learned. With this blend of conceptual understanding and traditional skill practice, children will be well-prepared for first grade. This book is the Instructor Guide to Kindergarten Math With Confidence: Student Workbook
Kindergarten Math With Confidence Student Workbook (Math With Confidence Ser. #2)
by Kate SnowQuick and easy workbook pages will help children review and practice what they've learned. They'll also develop children's fine-motor skills and help them get used to pencil-and-paper work, which will prepare them for greater independence in first grade. This simple, beautiful, age-appropriate workbook is colorfully illustrated by Itamar Katz. This Student Workbook accompanies Kindergarten Math With Confidence: Instructor Guide .
Kinderlosigkeit im Alter – (k)ein Thema?!: Eine biographische Perspektive auf die sozialen Beziehungen und Generativität kinderloser älterer Menschen
by Katrin AlertDie Studie zeigt die Vielfältigkeit kinderloser Lebensentwürfe und -verläufe auf. Dabei wird insbesondere das Phänomen erworbene Kinderlosigkeit differenzierter als in vielen bisherigen Untersuchungen beleuchtet. Zudem wird der Prozesscharakter von Kinderlosigkeit deutlich herausgearbeitet und gezeigt, dass mit dem zeitlichen Abstand im Alter die Entstehung der eigenen Kinderlosigkeit zum Teil eine Umdeutung erfährt, um von den kinderlosen Älteren sinnhaft in die Biographie gefügt werden zu können.Die AutorinKatrin Alert ist derzeit Geschäftsführerin des Forschungskollegs Wohlbefinden bis ins hohe Alter (gefördert vom Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen) mit zehn Doktorand*innen an der Universität zu Köln.
Kinematics of General Spatial Mechanical Systems
by M. Kemal OzgorenGuide to kinematic theory for the analysis of spatial mechanisms and manipulators Kinematics of General Spatial Mechanical Systems is an effective and proficient guide to the kinematic description and analysis of the spatial mechanical systems such as serial manipulators, parallel manipulators and spatial mechanisms. The author highlights the analytical and semi-analytical methods for solving the relevant equations and considers four main elements: The mathematics of spatial kinematics with the necessary theorems, formulas and methods; The kinematic description of the links and joints including the rolling contact joints; Writing the kinematic chain and loop equations for the systems to be analyzed; and Solving these equations for the unspecified variables both in the forward and inverse senses together with the multiplicity and singularity analyses. Comprehensive in scope, the book covers topics ranging from rather elementary subjects such as spatial mechanisms with single degree of freedom to more advanced topics such as serial manipulators including redundant and deficient ones, parallel manipulators, and non-holonomic spatial cam mechanisms that involve rolling without slipping motions. The author presents an effective and accessible symbolic manipulation method making it possible to obtain neat and transparent expressions that describe the systems showing all the kinematic details. Such expressions readily lead to analytical or semi-analytical solutions. They also facilitate the identification and analysis of the multiplicities and singularities. This all-time beneficial book: Provides an easy-to-use systematic formulation method that is applicable to all sorts of spatial machanisms and manipulators Introduces a symbolic manipulation method, which is effective and straightforward to use, so that kinematic relationships can be simplified by using all the special geometric features of the system Offers an accessible format that uses a systematic and easy-to-conceive notation which has proven successful Presents content written by an author who is a renowned expert in the field Includes an accompanying website Written for academicians, students, engineers, computer scientists and any other people working in the area of spatial mechanisms and manipulators, Kinematics of General Spatial Mechanical Systems provides a clear notation, formulation, and a logical approach to the topic and offers a fresh presentation of challenging material.
Kinetic Simulations of Ion Transport in Fusion Devices
by Andrés de Bustos MolinaThis thesis deals with the problem of ion confinement in thermonuclear fusion devices. It is a topic of general interest, as it helps to understand via numerical simulations the ion confinement properties in complex geometries, in order to predict their behavior and maximize the performance of future fusion reactors. The main work carried out in this thesis is the improvement and exploitation of an existing simulation code called ISDEP. This code solves the so-called ion collisional transport in arbitrary plasma geometry, improving in this sense other existing codes. Additionally, it presents outstanding portability and scalability in distributed computing architectures, such as Grid or Volunteer Computing. The main physical results can be divided into two blocks. First, the study of 3D ion transport in ITER is presented. ITER is the largest fusion reactor (under construction) and most of the simulations so far assume the axis-symmetry of the device. Unfortunately, this symmetry is only an approximation because of the discrete number of magnetic coils used. ISDEP has shown, using a simple model of the 3D magnetic field, how the ion confinement is affected by this symmetry breaking. Secondly, ISDEP has been applied successfully to the study of fast ion dynamics in fusion plasmas. The fast ions, with energies much larger than the thermal energy, are a product of the device's heating system. Thus, a numerical predictive tool can be used to improve the heating efficiency. ISDEP has been combined with the FAFNER2 code to study such ions in stellarator (TJ-II, LHD) and tokamak (ITER) geometries. It has also been validated by experimental results. In particular, comparisons with the CNPA diagnostic in the TJ-II stellarator are remarkable.