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A Kinetic View of Statistical Physics
by Pavel L. Krapivsky Sidney Redner Eli Ben-NaimAimed at graduate students, this book explores some of the core phenomena in non-equilibrium statistical physics. It focuses on the development and application of theoretical methods to help students develop their problem-solving skills. The book begins with microscopic transport processes: diffusion, collision-driven phenomena, and exclusion. It then presents the kinetics of aggregation, fragmentation and adsorption, where the basic phenomenology and solution techniques are emphasized. The following chapters cover kinetic spin systems, both from a discrete and a continuum perspective, the role of disorder in non-equilibrium processes, hysteresis from the non-equilibrium perspective, the kinetics of chemical reactions, and the properties of complex networks. The book contains 200 exercises to test students' understanding of the subject. A link to a website hosted by the authors, containing supplementary material including solutions to some of the exercises, can be found at www. cambridge. org/9780521851039.
Kinetics of Evaporation (Springer Series in Surface Sciences #68)
by Eugeny I. Yurin Denis N. GerasimovThis monograph discusses the essential principles of the evaporationprocess by looking at it at the molecular and atomic level.In the first part methods of statistical physics, physical kinetics andnumerical modeling are outlined including the Maxwell’s distributionfunction, the Boltzmann kinetic equation, the Vlasov approach, and theCUDA technique.The distribution functions of evaporating particles are then defined.Experimental results on the evaporation coefficient and the temperaturejump on the evaporation surface are critically reviewed and compared tothe theory and numerical results presented in previous chapters.The book ends with a chapter devoted to evaporation in differentprocesses, such as boiling and cavitation.This monograph addressesgraduate students and researchers working on phase transitions andrelated fields.
The King of Infinite Space
by David BerlinskiGeometry defines the world around us, helping us make sense of everything from architecture to military science to fashion. And for over two thousand years, geometry has been equated with EuclidOCOs "Elements," arguably the most influential book in the history of mathematics In "The King of Infinite Space," renowned mathematics writer David Berlinski provides a concise homage to this elusive mathematician and his staggering achievements. Berlinski shows that, for centuries, scientists and thinkers from Copernicus to Newton to Einstein have relied on EuclidOCOs axiomatic system, a method of proof still taught in classrooms around the world. EuclidOCOs use of elemental logicOCoand the mathematical statements he and others built from itOCohave dramatically expanded the frontiers of human knowledge. "The King of Infinite Space" presents a rich, accessible treatment of Euclid and his beautifully simple geometric system, which continues to shape the way we see the world. "
The King of Infinite Space: Euclid and His Elements
by David BerlinskiGeometry defines the world around us, helping us make sense of everything from architecture to military science to fashion. And for over two thousand years, geometry has been equated with Euclid’s Elements, arguably the most influential book in the history of mathematics In The King of Infinite Space, renowned mathematics writer David Berlinski provides a concise homage to this elusive mathematician and his staggering achievements. Berlinski shows that, for centuries, scientists and thinkers from Copernicus to Newton to Einstein have relied on Euclid’s axiomatic system, a method of proof still taught in classrooms around the world. Euclid’s use of elemental logic—and the mathematical statements he and others built from it—have dramatically expanded the frontiers of human knowledge. The King of Infinite Space presents a rich, accessible treatment of Euclid and his beautifully simple geometric system, which continues to shape the way we see the world.
The Kings Commissioners (A Marilyn Burns Brainy Day Book)
by Aileen FriedmanA delightful beginning for those learning the concepts of counting, addition, and the place value system encourages children to have fun while learning important math skills. <P><P>Lexile Measure: 630L
Kingsley Davis: A Biography and Selections from His Writings
by David M. Heer"Kingsley Davis (1908-1997) was one of the pioneers in social demography, and was particularly identified with the theory of the demographic transition. This holds that the process of industrialization first causes mortality to decline, leading to a substantial rate of population growth and only later causes fertility to fall, leading eventually to the cessation of population growth. Kingsley Davis is especially remembered for his arresting and forceful critique of family-planning programs intended to achieve zero population growth.Before he devoted his major attention to social demography, Davis had distinguished himself through influential articles on the structure of family and kinship, including the topics of jealousy and sexual property, the sociology of prostitution, and illegitimacy. He had an early interest in structural-functional analysis, which resulted in his famous and controversial article on stratification, co-authored with Wilbert Moore, and his equally famous presidential address to the American Sociological Association in 1959.David Heer's biography of Kingsley Davis is based on material contained in the Kingsley Davis Archive at the Hoover Institution Library at Stanford University, the Kingsley Davis graduate file at Harvard University, the interview of Kingsley Davis by Jean van der Tak in Demographic Destinies (1990), and David Heer's personal relationship with Kingsley Davis. The book also contains thirty of the most important writings by Kingsley Davis. These were chosen, in part, for the number of citations received in the Cumulative Social Science Citation Index, and in part to ensure that readers would be able to assess the continuity of Kingsley Davis's ideas at all stages of his career."
Kiss My Math: Showing Pre-Algebra Who's Boss
by Danica MckellarKiss My Math will help math-phobic teenagers everywhere chill out about math, and finally negative numbers, variables, absolute values, exponents, and more. Each chapter features: Step-by-step instruction, time-saving tips and tricks, illuminating practice problems with detailed solutions etc.
Klassische Finanzmathematik: Grundideen, zentrale Formeln und Begriffe im Überblick (essentials)
by Bernd LudererDieses essential vermittelt grundlegende Formeln, Methoden und Ideen der klassischen Finanzmathematik. Da die klassische Finanzmathematik mit elementaren mathematischen Hilfsmitteln auskommt, kann jede/r interessierte Leser/in mit durchschnittlichen mathematischen Schulkenntnissen diesem Text gut folgen. Das Kernstück bilden Zins- und Zinseszinsrechnung, Rentenrechnung, Tilgungsrechnung und Kursrechnung. Eine größere Zahl praktischer Beispiele veranschaulicht die mathematischen Fragestellungen.
Klüger irren - Denkfallen vermeiden mit System
by Timm GramsKurz entschlossen — danebengehauen.... Vorher nachdenken, nachmessen oder kalkulieren wäre wohl besser gewesen! Dieses Buch hilft Ihnen, Ihre Denkmechanismen zu erkunden und zu verbessern. Fehler und Zufall treiben den Fortschritt an. So entsteht das Neue. Wer es sehen will, braucht Wissen und die Fähigkeit, überraschende Beobachtungen richtig einzuordnen.Es ist jedoch kein Erfolgsrezept, die alten Fehler wieder und wieder zu machen. Lernen Sie aus Ihren Reinfällen und denjenigen der anderen.Weniges wird uns bewusst. Denkmechanismen wirken meist im Verborgenen, ungefragt und blitzschnell. Sie sind bewährt, manchmal aber auch verkehrt. Optische und kognitive Täuschungen, irreführende Statistiken, Paradoxien, Manipulationsversuche lauern überall. Viele Irrwege lassen sich durch den Einsatz von etwas Logik und Mathematik vermeiden.Lernen Sie, wie Sie Warnzeichen erkennen und richtig deuten können, wie weit das von Ihnen oft und meist unbewusst genutzte Indifferenzprinzip trägt, welche Rolle Analogien bei der Entstehung des Neuen spielen und wann Sie gefahrlos verallgemeinern dürfen.2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage.
KNIME Essentials
by Gabor BakosKNIME Essentials is a practical guide aimed at getting the results you want, as quickly as possible."Knime Essentials" is written for data analysts looking to quickly get up to speed using the market leader in data processing tools, KNIME. No knowledge of KNIME is required, but we will assume that you have some background in data processing.
Knock on Wood: Luck, Chance, and the Meaning of Everything
by Jeffrey S. RosenthalFor readers of Nassim Nicholas Taleb and Daniel Levitin with a twist of Bill Bryson—a lighthearted, entertaining and fateful exploration of luck in everyday lifeFor centuries, people around the world have prayed for good luck and warded against bad. Every language features a good luck greeting. Sailors have long looked for an albatross on the horizon as a symbol of good fortune. Jade, clovers, rabbits’ feet, wishbones: these items have lined the pockets of those seeking good fortune. For some, it’s bad luck to walk under a ladder, to enter and leave a home through different doors or to say “Macbeth” in a theatre. But is there such a thing as luck, or does luck often just explain common sense? Don’t walk under a ladder because, well, that’s just dangerous. You won the lottery not because of any supernatural force but because a random number generator selected the same numbers that you picked out at the corner store. You run into a neighbour from your street on the other side of the world: Random chance or pure fate? (Or does it depend on how much you like your neighbour?)Jeffrey S. Rosenthal, author of the bestseller Struck by Lightning: The Curious World of Probabilities, was born on a Friday the thirteenth, a fact that he discovered long after he had become one of the world’s pre-eminent statisticians. Had he been living ignorantly and innocently under an unlucky cloud for all those years? Or is thirteen just another number? As a scientist and a man of reason, Rosenthal has long considered the value of luck, good and bad, seeking to measure chance and hope in formulas scratched out on chalkboards.In Knock on Wood, Rosenthal, with great humour and irreverence, divines the world of luck, fate and chance, putting his considerable scientific acumen to the test in deducing whether luck is real or the mere stuff of superstition.
Knot Projections
by Noboru ItoKnot Projections offers a comprehensive overview of the latest methods in the study of this branch of topology, based on current research inspired by Arnold’s theory of plane curves, Viro’s quantization of the Arnold invariant, and Vassiliev’s theory of knots, among others. The presentation exploits the intuitiveness of knot projections to introduce the material to an audience without a prior background in topology, making the book suitable as a useful alternative to standard textbooks on the subject. However, the main aim is to serve as an introduction to an active research subject, and includes many open questions.
Knot Theory: Second Edition
by Vassily Olegovich ManturovOver the last fifteen years, the face of knot theory has changed due to various new theories and invariants coming from physics, topology, combinatorics and alge-bra. It suffices to mention the great progress in knot homology theory (Khovanov homology and Ozsvath-Szabo Heegaard-Floer homology), the A-polynomial which give rise to strong invariants of knots and 3-manifolds, in particular, many new unknot detectors. New to this Edition is a discussion of Heegaard-Floer homology theory and A-polynomial of classical links, as well as updates throughout the text.<P><P> Knot Theory, Second Edition is notable not only for its expert presentation of knot theory’s state of the art but also for its accessibility. It is valuable as a profes-sional reference and will serve equally well as a text for a course on knot theory.
Knots and Primes: An Introduction to Arithmetic Topology (Universitext)
by Masanori MorishitaThis book provides a foundation for arithmetic topology, a new branch of mathematics that investigates the analogies between the topology of knots, 3-manifolds, and the arithmetic of number fields. Arithmetic topology is now becoming a powerful guiding principle and driving force to obtain parallel results and new insights between 3-dimensional geometry and number theory.After an informative introduction to Gauss' work, in which arithmetic topology originated, the text reviews a background from both topology and number theory. The analogy between knots in 3-manifolds and primes in number rings, the founding principle of the subject, is based on the étale topological interpretation of primes and number rings. On the basis of this principle, the text explores systematically intimate analogies and parallel results of various concepts and theories between 3-dimensional topology and number theory. The presentation of these analogies begins at an elementary level, gradually building to advanced theories in later chapters. Many results presented here are new and original.References are clearly provided if necessary, and many examples and illustrations are included. Some useful problems are also given for future research. All these components make the book useful for graduate students and researchers in number theory, low dimensional topology, and geometry.This second edition is a corrected and enlarged version of the original one. Misprints and mistakes in the first edition are corrected, references are updated, and some expositions are improved. Because of the remarkable developments in arithmetic topology after the publication of the first edition, the present edition includes two new chapters. One is concerned with idelic class field theory for 3-manifolds and number fields. The other deals with topological and arithmetic Dijkgraaf–Witten theory, which supports a new bridge between arithmetic topology and mathematical physics.
Knots and Primes
by Masanori MorishitaThis is a foundation for arithmetic topology - a new branch of mathematics which is focused upon the analogy between knot theory and number theory. Starting with an informative introduction to its origins, namely Gauss, this text provides a background on knots, three manifolds and number fields. Common aspects of both knot theory and number theory, for instance knots in three manifolds versus primes in a number field, are compared throughout the book. These comparisons begin at an elementary level, slowly building up to advanced theories in later chapters. Definitions are carefully formulated and proofs are largely self-contained. When necessary, background information is provided and theory is accompanied with a number of useful examples and illustrations, making this a useful text for both undergraduates and graduates in the field of knot theory, number theory and geometry.
Knots, Low-Dimensional Topology and Applications: Knots in Hellas, International Olympic Academy, Greece, July 2016 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #284)
by Colin C. Adams Cameron McA. Gordon Vaughan F. R. Jones Louis H. Kauffman Sofia Lambropoulou Kenneth C. Millett Jozef H. Przytycki Renzo Ricca Radmila SazdanovicThis proceedings volume presents a diverse collection of high-quality, state-of-the-art research and survey articles written by top experts in low-dimensional topology and its applications. The focal topics include the wide range of historical and contemporary invariants of knots and links and related topics such as three- and four-dimensional manifolds, braids, virtual knot theory, quantum invariants, braids, skein modules and knot algebras, link homology, quandles and their homology; hyperbolic knots and geometric structures of three-dimensional manifolds; the mechanism of topological surgery in physical processes, knots in Nature in the sense of physical knots with applications to polymers, DNA enzyme mechanisms, and protein structure and function. The contents is based on contributions presented at the International Conference on Knots, Low-Dimensional Topology and Applications – Knots in Hellas 2016, which was held at the International Olympic Academy in Greece in July 2016. The goal of the international conference was to promote the exchange of methods and ideas across disciplines and generations, from graduate students to senior researchers, and to explore fundamental research problems in the broad fields of knot theory and low-dimensional topology. This book will benefit all researchers who wish to take their research in new directions, to learn about new tools and methods, and to discover relevant and recent literature for future study.
Knotted Fields (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2344)
by Xin Liu Renzo L. RiccaThis book provides a remarkable collection of contributions written by some of the most accredited world experts in the modern area of Knotted Fields. Scope of the book is to provide an updated view of some of the key aspects of contemporary research, with the purpose to cover basic concepts and techniques commonly used in the context of Knotted Fields. The material is presented to help the interested reader to become familiar with the fundamentals, from fluid flows to electromagnetism, from knot theory to numerical visualization, while presenting the new ideas and results in an accessible way to beginners and young researchers. No advanced knowledge is required, and at the end of each chapter, key references are provided to offer further information on particular topics of interest. All those keen on modern applications of topological techniques to the study of knotted fields in mathematical physics will find here a valuable and unique source of information. The work will be of interest to many researchers in the field.
Knowing and Teaching Elementary Mathematics: Teachers' Understanding of Fundamental Mathematics in China and the United States (Studies in Mathematical Thinking and Learning Series)
by Liping MaThe 20th anniversary edition of this groundbreaking and bestselling volume offers powerful examples of the mathematics that can develop the thinking of elementary school children. Studies of teachers in the U.S. often document insufficient subject matter knowledge in mathematics. Yet, these studies give few examples of the knowledge teachers need to support teaching, particularly the kind of teaching demanded by reforms in mathematics education. Knowing and Teaching Elementary Mathematics describes the nature and development of the knowledge that elementary teachers need to become accomplished mathematics teachers, and suggests why such knowledge seems more common in China than in the United States, despite the fact that Chinese teachers have less formal education than their U.S. counterparts. Along with the original studies of U.S. and Chinese teachers’ mathematical understanding, this 20th anniversary edition includes a new preface and a 2013 journal article by Ma, "A Critique of the Structure of U.S. Elementary School Mathematics" that describe differences in U.S. and Chinese elementary mathematics. These are augmented by a new series editor’s introduction and two key journal articles that frame and contextualize this seminal work.
Knowledge and Time
by Harald Atmanspacher Hans PrimasThis is a unique volume by a unique scientist, which combines conceptual, formal, and engineering approaches in a way that is rarely seen. Its core is the relation between ways of learning and knowing on the one hand and different modes of time on the other. Partial Boolean logic and the associated notion of complementarity are used to express this relation, and mathematical tools of fundamental physics are used to formalize it. Along the way many central philosophical problems are touched and addressed, above all the mind-body problem. Completed only shortly before the death of the author, the text has been edited and annotated by the author's close collaborator Harald Atmanspacher.
Knowledge as a Tale: A Discursive Space
by Rafal MaciagThis text describes the process that led to knowledge becoming the most important modern good and a complex phenomenon beginning at the end of the 19th century. It was a change in the way of understanding the world proposed by mathematics and geometry. This volume reveals how the paradigm shift, still in progress, is gradually transforming less obvious fields of science, such as the humanities and social sciences while affecting the phenomenon of knowledge. Firstly, meta-analysis gained importance, and secondly, it became natural to perceive knowledge in a social context, showing its diverse and multi-cause dispersion, leading to the phenomenon of knowledge. Due to the interpretation of knowledge as a complex social phenomenon, the author proposes a new model of knowledge description, called the theory of discursive space, making it possible to describe the role and meaning of knowledge as a component of modern civilization that is all-encompassing. This text appeals to students and researchers working in the philosophy of technology.
Knowledge-augmented Methods for Natural Language Processing (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Meng Jiang Bill Yuchen Lin Shuohang Wang Yichong Xu Wenhao Yu Chenguang ZhuOver the last few years, natural language processing has seen remarkable progress due to the emergence of larger-scale models, better training techniques, and greater availability of data. Examples of these advancements include GPT-4, ChatGPT, and other pre-trained language models. These models are capable of characterizing linguistic patterns and generating context-aware representations, resulting in high-quality output. However, these models rely solely on input-output pairs during training and, therefore, struggle to incorporate external world knowledge, such as named entities, their relations, common sense, and domain-specific content. Incorporating knowledge into the training and inference of language models is critical to their ability to represent language accurately. Additionally, knowledge is essential in achieving higher levels of intelligence that cannot be attained through statistical learning of input text patterns alone. In this book, we will review recent developmentsin the field of natural language processing, specifically focusing on the role of knowledge in language representation. We will examine how pre-trained language models like GPT-4 and ChatGPT are limited in their ability to capture external world knowledge and explore various approaches to incorporate knowledge into language models. Additionally, we will discuss the significance of knowledge in enabling higher levels of intelligence that go beyond statistical learning on input text patterns. Overall, this survey aims to provide insights into the importance of knowledge in natural language processing and highlight recent advances in this field.
Knowledge-Based Bioinformatics
by Gil Alterovitz Marco RamoniThere is an increasing need throughout the biomedical sciences for a greater understanding of knowledge-based systems and their application to genomic and proteomic research. This book discusses knowledge-based and statistical approaches, along with applications in bioinformatics and systems biology. The text emphasizes the integration of different methods for analysing and interpreting biomedical data. This, in turn, can lead to breakthrough biomolecular discoveries, with applications in personalized medicine.Key Features:Explores the fundamentals and applications of knowledge-based and statistical approaches in bioinformatics and systems biology.Helps readers to interpret genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data in understanding complex biological molecules and their interactions.Provides useful guidance on dealing with large datasets in knowledge bases, a common issue in bioinformatics.Written by leading international experts in this field.Students, researchers, and industry professionals with a background in biomedical sciences, mathematics, statistics, or computer science will benefit from this book. It will also be useful for readers worldwide who want to master the application of bioinformatics to real-world situations and understand biological problems that motivate algorithms.
Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: 9th International Joint Conference, IC3K 2017, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, November 1-3, 2017, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #976)
by Ana Fred David Aveiro Jan L. Dietz Kecheng Liu Jorge Bernardino Ana Salgado Joaquim FilipeThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, IC3K 2017, held in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, in November 2017.The 19 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 157 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge discovery and information retrieval; knowledge engineering and ontology development; and knowledge management and information sharing.
Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: 23rd International Conference, EKAW 2022, Bolzano, Italy, September 26–29, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13514)
by Oscar Corcho Laura Hollink Oliver Kutz Nicolas Troquard Fajar J. EkaputraThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, EKAW 2022, held in Bolzano, Italy, in September 2022. The 11 full papers presented together with 5 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions The previous event in the series, EKAW 2020, introduced a special theme related to “Ethical and Trustworthy Knowledge Engineering.” This theme is still very relevant in 2022, and thus has remained one of the core topics of the conference.The conference concerned with all aspects about eliciting, acquiring, modeling and managing knowledge, and the construction of knowledge-intensive systems and services for the semantic web, knowledge management, e-business, natural language processing, intelligent information integration, and much more.
Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web: 8th International Conference, KESW 2017, Szczecin, Poland, November 8-10, 2017, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #786)
by Przemysław Różewski and Christoph LangeThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and the Semantic Web, KESW 2017, held Szczecin, Poland, in November 2017. The 16 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 58 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on natural language processing; knowledge representation and reasoning; ontologies and controlled vocabularies; scalable data access and storage solutions; semantic Web and education; linked data; semantic technologies in manufacturing and business.