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Industry 4.0 Technologies: Volume 1—Theory, Challenges, and Opportunity (Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes)
by Vikas Kumar Rahul S. Mor Sonu Rajak Almoayied Assayed K E K VimalThis book brings forth the fundamental understanding of the role of Industry 4.0 technologies in sustainable manufacturing supply chain. Readers will get an overview of the challenges, opportunities, and requirements for the implementation of digital technologies and how they can support manufacturing supply chains to be sustainable. The book presents many applications of Industry 4.0 including integration of IoT, AI, Big Data, Blockchain, Procurement 4.0, Logistics 4.0, and Lean 4.0 in different contexts. The book therefore provides a platform for researchers, academicians, and professionals from diverse backgrounds to gain state-of-the-art knowledge for using Industry 4.0 in sustainable manufacturing supply chains. Readers will also be able to identify the practical significance and opportunities for future work directions.
Industry 4.0 Technologies: Volume II - Methods for transition and trends (Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes)
by Vikas Kumar K. E. K. Vimal Rahul S. Mor Sonu Rajak Almoayied AssayedThis book covers topics related to implementation of advanced technologies, such as AI, big data, procurement 4.0, Logistics 4.0 and Lean 4.0, in Industry 4.0 for the manufacturing supply chain. Many applications of Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing supply chain have been presented. The content of this book is useful for students, researchers and professionals in order to implement Industry 4.0 in manufacturing supply chain.
Industry 4.0: Technologies, Applications, and Challenges (Emerging Trends in Mechatronics)
by Aydin Azizi Reza Vatankhah BarenjiThis book presents Industry 4.0 enabler technologies and tools. It also highlights some of the existing empirical applications in the context of manufacturing. The book elucidates innovative thematic concepts of Industry 4.0 and its perspectives. It establishes routes to empirically utilize Industry 4.0 standards for manufacturing companies. The book can be used as a reference for professionals/engineers, researchers, and students.
Industry and Innovation: Textile Industry (SDGs and Textiles)
by José Moleiro MartinsThe primary objective of this book is to offer readers an insightful exploration into the realms of innovation and sustainability within the textile industry. As global competition intensifies, organizations are increasingly compelled to revisit and refine their business strategies, emphasizing the imperative for continuous innovation and adaptability. This shift towards innovation-centric strategies is driven by the pursuit of sustainability and a competitive advantage, underscoring innovation as the cornerstone for business growth and market expansion. Innovation not only opens avenues for companies to overhaul their business models and enhance process technologies but also enables them to achieve optimal productivity and minimize waste. In an era characterized by swift technological advancements, the demand for rapid information flow, and evolving consumer preferences, a firm’s capability to innovate emerges as a critical determinant of its growth, sustainability, and competitive positioning in the textile sector. Process innovation, which entails the adoption of novel or significantly improved manufacturing or delivery methodologies, plays a pivotal role. This could involve substantial modifications in techniques, equipment, and/or software, aimed at bolstering production efficiency, augmenting quality, or facilitating the creation and delivery of significantly improved or new products. Manufacturing firms, through their marketing departments, are in a constant quest for opportunities to develop new products to maintain their competitive edge. Organizations that lag in embracing innovation risk losing their market share and profitability as competitors seize the opportunity to outperform them. A firm’s innovative capabilities are instrumental in fostering long-term market sustainability and business growth by delivering unparalleled value to customers. Consequently, innovation is integral to corporate strategies for a myriad of reasons – from achieving more efficient production processes and enhancing market performance to cultivating a forward-thinking brand image and securing a sustainable competitive advantage.
Inequalities
by Leonid P. Lebedev Michael J. Cloud Byron C. DrachmanThis book offers a concise introduction to mathematical inequalities for graduate students and researchers in the fields of engineering and applied mathematics. It begins by reviewing essential facts from algebra and calculus and proceeds with a presentation of the central inequalities of applied analysis, illustrating a wide variety of practical applications. The text provides a gentle introduction to abstract spaces, such as metric, normed and inner product spaces. It also provides full coverage of the central inequalities of applied analysis, such as Young's inequality, the inequality of the means, Hölder's inequality, Minkowski's inequality, the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, Chebyshev's inequality, Jensen's inequality and the triangle inequality. The second edition features extended coverage of applications, including continuum mechanics and interval analysis. It also includes many additional examples and exercises with hints and full solutions that may appeal to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry or any other quantitative science.
Inequalities
by G. H. Hardy J. E. Littlewood G. PólyaThis classic of the mathematical literature forms a comprehensive study of the inequalities used throughout mathematics. First published in 1934, it presents clearly and exhaustively both the statement and proof of all the standard inequalities of analysis. The authors were well known for their powers of exposition and were able here to make the subject accessible to a wide audience of mathematicians.
Inequalities
by Zdravko CvetkovskiThis work is about inequalities which play an important role in mathematical Olympiads. It contains 175 solved problems in the form of exercises and, in addition, 310 solved problems. The book also covers the theoretical background of the most important theorems and techniques required for solving inequalities. It is written for all middle and high-school students, as well as for graduate and undergraduate students. School teachers and trainers for mathematical competitions will also gain benefit from this book.
Inequalities and Applications 2010: Dedicated To The Memory Of Wolfgang Walter (International Series Of Numerical Mathematics Series #161)
by Michael Plum Catherine Bandle Attila Gilányi László LosoncziInequalities arise as an essential component in various mathematical areas. Besides forming a highly important collection of tools, e.g. for proving analytic or stochastic theorems or for deriving error estimates in numerical mathematics, they constitute a challenging research field of their own. Inequalities also appear directly in mathematical models for applications in science, engineering, and economics. This edited volume covers divers aspects of this fascinating field. It addresses classical inequalities related to means or to convexity as well as inequalities arising in the field of ordinary and partial differential equations, like Sobolev or Hardy-type inequalities, and inequalities occurring in geometrical contexts. Within the last five decades, the late Wolfgang Walter has made great contributions to the field of inequalities. His book on differential and integral inequalities was a real breakthrough in the 1970’s and has generated a vast variety of further research in this field. He also organized six of the seven “General Inequalities” Conferences held at Oberwolfach between 1976 and 1995, and co-edited their proceedings. He participated as an honorary member of the Scientific Committee in the “General Inequalities 8” conference in Hungary. As a recognition of his great achievements, this volume is dedicated to Wolfgang Walter’s memory. The “General Inequalities” meetings found their continuation in the “Conferences on Inequalities and Applications” which, so far, have been held twice in Hungary. This volume contains selected contributions of participants of the second conference which took place in Hajdúszoboszló in September 2010, as well as additional articles written upon invitation. These contributions reflect many theoretical and practical aspects in the field of inequalities, and will be useful for researchers and lecturers, as well as for students who want to familiarize themselves with the area.
Inequalities for Finite Difference Equations (Chapman & Hall/CRC Pure and Applied Mathematics)
by B.G. Pachpatte"A treatise on finite difference ineuqalities that have important applications to theories of various classes of finite difference and sum-difference equations, including several linear and nonlinear finite difference inequalities appearing for the first time in book form."
Inequalities for Graph Eigenvalues
by Zoran StaniWritten for mathematicians working with the theory of graph spectra, this book explores more than 400 inequalities for eigenvalues of the six matrices associated with finite simple graphs: the adjacency matrix, Laplacian matrix, signless Laplacian matrix, normalized Laplacian matrix, Seidel matrix, and distance matrix. The book begins with a brief survey of the main results and selected applications to related topics, including chemistry, physics, biology, computer science, and control theory. The author then proceeds to detail proofs, discussions, comparisons, examples, and exercises. Each chapter ends with a brief survey of further results. The author also points to open problems and gives ideas for further reading.
Inequalities for the Numerical Radius of Linear Operators in Hilbert Spaces
by Silvestru Sever DragomirAimed toward researchers, postgraduate students, and scientists in linear operator theory and mathematical inequalities, this self-contained monograph focuses on numerical radius inequalities for bounded linear operators on complex Hilbert spaces for the case of one and two operators. Students at the graduate level will learn some essentials that may be useful for reference in courses in functional analysis, operator theory, differential equations, and quantum computation, to name several. Chapter 1 presents fundamental facts about the numerical range and the numerical radius of bounded linear operators in Hilbert spaces. Chapter 2 illustrates recent results obtained concerning numerical radius and norm inequalities for one operator on a complex Hilbert space, as well as some special vector inequalities in inner product spaces due to Buzano, Goldstein, Ryff and Clarke as well as some reverse Schwarz inequalities and Grüss type inequalities obtained by the author. Chapter 3 presents recent results regarding the norms and the numerical radii of two bounded linear operators. The techniques shown in this chapter are elementary but elegant and may be accessible to undergraduate students with a working knowledge of operator theory A number of vector inequalities in inner product spaces as well as inequalities for means of nonnegative real numbers are also employed in this chapter. All the results presented are completely proved and the original references are mentioned.
Inequalities in Geographical Space
by Clementine Cottineau Julie ValleeInequalities are central to the public debate and social science research. They are inextricably linked to geographical space, shaping human mobility and migration patterns, creating diverse living environments and changing individuals’ perceptions of the society they live in and the inequalities that endure within it. Geographical space contributes to the emergence and perpetuation of inequalities between individuals according to their socioeconomic position, gender, ethno-racial origin or even their age. <p><p> Inequalities in Geographical Space examines inequalities in education, in the workplace, in public and private spaces and those related to migration. Written by geographers, sociologists and economists, this book draws on a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches and compares different spatial and temporal scales. It highlights the importance of geographical space as a vehicle for the expression, creation and reproduction of social, racial, economic and gender inequalities.
Inequality and Urban Space: Social Atlas of Tokyo Metropolitan Area 1990–2010
by Tatsuto Asakawa Kenji Hashimoto Yuki HiraharaAsakawa, Hashimoto and Hirahara explores the widening inequality and its social consequences in Tokyo Metropolitan area by using two approaches, one from social class and social stratification theory and the other from urban sociology.The book uses social atlases to visualize the socio-spatial structure of Tokyo, the most populous metropolitan area in the world using the analysis from the 1990, 2000 and 2010 National Census data. Until the 1970s, Japanese society had relatively small economic disparity between social classes. Today, Japan is a society of great inequality, with a huge number of people with low socio-economic status and many problems caused by poverty. The socio-spatial structure of thirty years of widening inequality in the metropolitan Tokyo area, which is fraught with many social problems, such as urban polarization, emergence of underclasses and health disparities are explored in this book. The structure and dynamics of class disparities among Tokyo Metropolitan area residents is also analyzed. Overall, this book visualizes three decades of widening inequality.A vital resource for researchers, graduate students, undergraduates, urban policy makers and urban planners who are interested about Tokyo as a metropolis in East Asia and those keen on understanding the widening inequality and its social consequences in Tokyo Metropolitan area.
Inequivalent Representations of Canonical Commutation and Anti-Commutation Relations: Representation-theoretical Viewpoint for Quantum Phenomena (Mathematical Physics Studies)
by Asao AraiCanonical commutation relations (CCR) and canonical anti-commutation relations (CAR) are basic principles in quantum physics including both quantum mechanics with finite degrees of freedom and quantum field theory. From a structural viewpoint, quantum physics can be primarily understood as Hilbert space representations of CCR or CAR. There are many interesting physical phenomena which can be more clearly understood from a representation–theoretical viewpoint with CCR or CAR. This book provides an introduction to representation theories of CCR and CAR in view of quantum physics. Particular emphases are put on the importance of inequivalent representations of CCR or CAR, which may be related to characteristic physical phenomena. The topics presented include general theories of representations of CCR and CAR with finite and infinite degrees of freedom, the Aharonov–Bohm effect, time operators, quantum field theories based on Fock spaces, Bogoliubov transformations, and relations of infinite renormalizations with inequivalent representations of CCR. This book can be used as a text for an advanced topics course in mathematical physics or mathematics.
Inevitable Knowledge (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Janos J. SarboThe Holy Grail of AI is artificial generative intelligence, a computer that can think human-like. However, human thinking is qualitatively more complex than computer calculations. So, the ultimate goal of AI cannot be achieved. Not quite. This book shows that a model of human-like, meaningful processing can be introduced based on a theory of cognition (how human processing can be abstracted in a series of events), semiotics (what signs are and what kind of distinctions can be communicated by signs), and computer science (how all this can be realized as a procedure). The emerging model offers a solution to the problem of artificial intelligence, not by itself, but in collaboration with the human agent by augmenting its intelligence. But there is more to it than that. Because of the fundamental nature of signs, the semiotic concept of meaning can be transformative for AI research. The book comprehensively covers several applications, including language processing, analyzing integrative negation processes, and solving mathematical problems. It delves into the intricate characteristics of the meaningful processing problem and the fascinating journey that led to its solution. The book provides insight into the historical background of the problem and the solution, enriching the reader’s understanding and engagement. The text is self-contained. All necessary technical terms are explained.
Infectious Diseases and Our Planet (Mathematics of Planet Earth #7)
by Miranda I. Teboh-Ewungkem Gideon Akumah NgwaThis book features recent research in mathematical modeling of indirectly and directly transmitted infectious diseases in humans, animals, and plants. It compiles nine not previously published studies that illustrate the dynamic spread of infectious diseases, offering a broad range of models to enrich understanding. It demonstrates the capability of mathematical modeling to capture disease spread and interaction dynamics as well as the complicating factors of various evolutionary processes. In addition, it presents applications to real-world disease control by commenting on key parameters and dominant pathways related to transmission. While aimed at early-graduate level students, the book can also provide insights to established researchers in that it presents a survey of current topics and methodologies in a constantly evolving field.
Inference Principles for Biostatisticians (Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series)
by Ian C. MarschnerDesigned for students training to become biostatisticians as well as practicing biostatisticians, Inference Principles for Biostatisticians presents the theoretical and conceptual foundations of biostatistics. It covers the theoretical underpinnings essential to understanding subsequent core methodologies in the field.Drawing on his extensive exper
Inference and Asymptotics (Chapman And Hall/crc Monographs On Statistics And Applied Probability Ser. #52)
by D.R. CoxOur book Asymptotic Techniquesfor Use in Statistics was originally planned as an account of asymptotic statistical theory, but by the time we had completed the mathematical preliminaries it seemed best to publish these separately. The present book, although largely self-contained, takes up the original theme and gives a systematic account of some recent developments in asymptotic parametric inference from a likelihood-based perspective. Chapters 1-4 are relatively elementary and provide first a review of key concepts such as likelihood, sufficiency, conditionality, ancillarity, exponential families and transformation models. Then first-order asymptotic theory is set out, followed by a discussion of the need for higher-order theory. This is then developed in some generality in Chapters 5-8. A final chapter deals briefly with some more specialized issues. The discussion emphasizes concepts and techniques rather than precise mathematical verifications with full attention to regularity conditions and, especially in the less technical chapters, draws quite heavily on illustrative examples. Each chapter ends with outline further results and exercises and with bibliographic notes. Many parts of the field discussed in this book are undergoing rapid further development, and in those parts the book therefore in some respects has more the flavour of a progress report than an exposition of a largely completed theory.
Inference and Intervention: Causal Models for Business Analysis
by Michael D. Ryall Aaron L. BramsonRyall and Bramson's Inference and Intervention is the first textbook on causal modeling with Bayesian networks for business applications. In a world of resource scarcity, a decision about which business elements to control or change – as the authors put it, a managerial intervention – must precede any decision on how to control or change them, and understanding causality is crucial to making effective interventions. The authors cover the full spectrum of causal modeling techniques useful for the managerial role, whether for intervention, situational assessment, strategic decision-making, or forecasting. From the basic concepts and nomenclature of causal modeling to decision tree analysis, qualitative methods, and quantitative modeling tools, this book offers a toolbox for MBA students and business professionals to make successful decisions in a managerial setting.
Inference for Diffusion Processes
by Christiane FuchsDiffusion processes are a promising instrument for realistically modelling the time-continuous evolution of phenomena not only in the natural sciences but also in finance and economics. Their mathematical theory, however, is challenging, and hence diffusion modelling is often carried out incorrectly, and the according statistical inference is considered almost exclusively by theoreticians. This book explains both topics in an illustrative way which also addresses practitioners. It provides a complete overview of the current state of research and presents important, novel insights. The theory is demonstrated using real data applications.
Inferential Models: Reasoning with Uncertainty (ISSN)
by Chuanhai Liu Ryan MartinA New Approach to Sound Statistical ReasoningInferential Models: Reasoning with Uncertainty introduces the authors' recently developed approach to inference: the inferential model (IM) framework. This logical framework for exact probabilistic inference does not require the user to input prior information. The authors show how an IM produces meaning
Inferenzstatistik verstehen: Von A wie Signifikanztest bis Z wie Konfidenzintervall (Springer-lehrbuch Ser.)
by Markus Janczyk Roland PfisterWas bedeutet eigentlich dieser p-Wert? Und was ist ein signifikantes Ergebnis? Dieses Buch bietet eine kompakte und verständnisorientierte Einführung in die Inferenzstatistik und beantwortet Fragen wie diese. Ein Schwerpunkt ist dabei die Logik, die der Inferenzstatistik und dem Testen von Hypothesen zugrunde liegt: Die Leserin und der Leser lernen die am häufigsten verwendeten Verfahren (t-Test, Varianzanalyse mit und ohne Messwiederholung, Korrelation/Regression) sowie die Tücken der Datenauswertung kennen und entwickeln das nötige Verständnis, um Ergebnisse korrekt interpretieren zu können. Die einzelnen Kapitel werden durch konkrete Auswertungsbeispiele aus dem Forschungsalltag ergänzt – inklusive exemplarischer Umsetzung mit den Programmen SPSS und R. Neben den klassischen Methoden sind auch Querverweise auf aktuelle Entwicklungen der psychologischen Methodenforschung enthalten. Die 3. Auflage bietet inhaltliche Überarbeitungen und Ergänzungen, etwa zur Bayes-Statistik.
Infertility in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Premodern Views on Childlessness
by Regina ToepferThis book examines discourses around infertility and views of childlessness in medieval and early modern Europe. Whereas in our own time reproductive behaviour is regulated by demographic policy in the interest of upholding the intergenerational contract, premodern rulers strove to secure the succession to their thrones and preserve family heritage. Regardless of status, infertility could have drastic consequences, above all for women, and lead to social discrimination, expulsion, and divorce. Rather than outlining a history of discrimination against or the suffering of infertile couples, this book explores the mechanisms used to justify the unequal treatment of persons without children. Exploring views on childlessness across theology, medicine, law, demonology, and ethics, it undertakes a comprehensive examination of ‘fertility’ as an identity category from the perspective of new approaches in gender and intersectionality research. Shedding light on how premodern views have shaped understandings our own time, this book is highly relevant interest to students and scholars interested in discourses around infertility across history.
Infinite Abelian Groups (Dover Books on Mathematics)
by Irving KaplanskyIn the Introduction to this concise monograph, the author states his two main goals: first, "to make the theory of infinite abelian groups available in a convenient form to the mathematical public; second, to help students acquire some of the techniques used in modern infinite algebra." <P><P>Suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in mathematics, the text requires no extensive background beyond the rudiments of group theory.Starting with examples of abelian groups, the treatment explores torsion groups, Zorn's lemma, divisible groups, pure subgroups, groups of bounded order, and direct sums of cyclic groups. <P><P>Subsequent chapters examine Ulm's theorem, modules and linear transformations, Banach spaces, valuation rings, torsion-free and complete modules, algebraic compactness, characteristic submodules, and the ring of endomorphisms. Many exercises appear throughout the book, along with a guide to the literature and a detailed bibliography.
Infinite Ascent
by David BerlinskiIn Infinite Ascent, David Berlinski, the acclaimed author of The Advent of the Algorithm, A Tour of the Calculus, and Newton's Gift, tells the story of mathematics, bringing to life with wit, elegance, and deep insight a 2,500-year-long intellectual adventure.Berlinski focuses on the ten most important breakthroughs in mathematical history-and the men behind them. Here are Pythagoras, intoxicated by the mystical significance of numbers; Euclid, who gave the world the very idea of a proof; Leibniz and Newton, co-discoverers of the calculus; Cantor, master of the infinite; and Gödel, who in one magnificent proof placed everything in doubt. The elaboration of mathematical knowledge has meant nothing less than the unfolding of human consciousness itself. With his unmatched ability to make abstract ideas concrete and approachable, Berlinski both tells an engrossing tale and introduces us to the full power of what surely ranks as one of the greatest of all human endeavors.From the Hardcover edition.