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Nature's Numbers (SCIENCE MASTERS)
by Ian StewartA mathematical sightseeing tour of the natural world from the author of THE MAGICAL MAZEWhy do many flowers have five or eight petals, but very few six or seven? Why do snowflakes have sixfold symmetry? Why do tigers have stripes but leopards have spots?Mathematics is to nature as Sherlock Holmes is to evidence. Mathematics can look at a single snowflake and deduce the atomic geometry of its crystals; it can start with a violin string and uncover the existence of radio waves. And mathematics still has the power to open our eyes to new and unsuspected regularities - the secret structure of a cloud or the hidden rhythms of the weather. There are patterns in the world we are now seeing for the first time - patterns at the frontier of science, yet patterns so simple that anybody can see them once they know where to look.
Nature's Numbers (SCIENCE MASTERS)
by Ian StewartWhy do many flowers have five or eight petals, but very few six or seven? Why do snowflakes have sixfold symmetry? Why do tigers have stripes but leopards have spots?Mathematics is to nature as Sherlock Holmes is to evidence. Mathematics can look at a single snowflake and deduce the atomic geometry of its crystals; it can start with a violin string and uncover the existence of radio waves. And mathematics still has the power to open our eyes to new and unsuspected regularities - the secret structure of a cloud or the hidden rhythms of the weather. There are patterns in the world we are now seeing for the first time - patterns at the frontier of science, yet patterns so simple that anybody can see them once they know where to look.(p) 1997 Orion Publishing Group
Nature's Numbers: The Unreal Reality Of Mathematics
by Ian Stewart"It appears to us that the universe is structured in a deeply mathematical way. Falling bodies fall with predictable accelerations. Eclipses can be accurately forecast centuries in advance. Nuclear power plants generate electricity according to well-known formulas. But those examples are the tip of the iceberg. In Nature's Numbers, Ian Stewart presents many more, each charming in its own way. . Stewart admirably captures compelling and accessible mathematical ideas along with the pleasure of thinking of them. He writes with clarity and precision. Those who enjoy this sort of thing will love this book. "--Los Angeles Times
Nature-Inspired Computing and Optimization
by Xin-She Yang Srikanta Patnaik Kazumi NakamatsuThe book provides readers with a snapshot of the state of the art in the field of nature-inspired computing and its application in optimization. The approach is mainly practice-oriented: each bio-inspired technique or algorithm is introduced together with one of its possible applications. Applications cover a wide range of real-world optimization problems: from feature selection and image enhancement to scheduling and dynamic resource management, from wireless sensor networks and wiring network diagnosis to sports training planning and gene expression, from topology control and morphological filters to nutritional meal design and antenna array design. There are a few theoretical chapters comparing different existing techniques, exploring the advantages of nature-inspired computing over other methods, and investigating the mixing time of genetic algorithms. The book also introduces a wide range of algorithms, including the ant colony optimization, the bat algorithm, genetic algorithms, the collision-based optimization algorithm, the flower pollination algorithm, multi-agent systems and particle swarm optimization. This timely book is intended as a practice-oriented reference guide for students, researchers and professionals.
Nature-Inspired Computing for Smart Application Design (Springer Tracts in Nature-Inspired Computing)
by Santosh Kumar Das Thinagaran Perumal Thanh-Phong DaoThis book focuses primarily on the nature-inspired approach for designing smart applications. It includes several implementation paradigms such as design and path planning of wireless network, security mechanism and implementation for dynamic as well as static nodes, learning method of cloud computing, data exploration and management, data analysis and optimization, decision taking in conflicting environment, etc. The book fundamentally highlights the recent research advancements in the field of engineering and science.
Nature-Inspired Computing: Physics and Chemistry-Based Algorithms
by Hojjat Adeli Nazmul H. SiddiqueNature-Inspired Computing: Physics and Chemistry-Based Algorithms provides a comprehensive introduction to the methodologies and algorithms in nature-inspired computing, with an emphasis on applications to real-life engineering problems. The research interest for Nature-inspired Computing has grown considerably exploring different phenomena observed in nature and basic principles of physics, chemistry, and biology. The discipline has reached a mature stage and the field has been well-established. This endeavour is another attempt at investigation into various computational schemes inspired from nature, which are presented in this book with the development of a suitable framework and industrial applications. Designed for senior undergraduates, postgraduates, research students, and professionals, the book is written at a comprehensible level for students who have some basic knowledge of calculus and differential equations, and some exposure to optimization theory. Due to the focus on search and optimization, the book is also appropriate for electrical, control, civil, industrial and manufacturing engineering, business, and economics students, as well as those in computer and information sciences. With the mathematical and programming references and applications in each chapter, the book is self-contained, and can also serve as a reference for researchers and scientists in the fields of system science, natural computing, and optimization.
Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms for Engineering Optimization Applications (Springer Tracts in Nature-Inspired Computing)
by Serdar Carbas Abdurrahim Toktas Deniz UstunThis book engages in an ongoing topic, such as the implementation of nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, with a main concentration on optimization problems in different fields of engineering optimization applications. The chapters of the book provide concise overviews of various nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, defining their profits in obtaining the optimal solutions of tiresome engineering design problems that cannot be efficiently resolved via conventional mathematical-based techniques. Thus, the chapters report on advanced studies on the applications of not only the traditional, but also the contemporary certain nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms to specific engineering optimization problems with single and multi-objectives. Harmony search, artificial bee colony, teaching learning-based optimization, electrostatic discharge, grasshopper, backtracking search, and interactive search are just some of the methods exhibited and consulted step by step in application contexts. The book is a perfect guide for graduate students, researchers, academicians, and professionals willing to use metaheuristic algorithms in engineering optimization applications.
Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms
by Vasuki ANature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms, a comprehensive work on the most popular optimization algorithms based on nature, starts with an overview of optimization going from the classical to the latest swarm intelligence algorithm. Nature has a rich abundance of flora and fauna that inspired the development of optimization techniques, providing us with simple solutions to complex problems in an effective and adaptive manner. The study of the intelligent survival strategies of animals, birds, and insects in a hostile and ever-changing environment has led to the development of techniques emulating their behavior. This book is a lucid description of fifteen important existing optimization algorithms based on swarm intelligence and superior in performance. It is a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, faculty, and students who are devising optimum solutions to any type of problem ranging from computer science to economics and covering diverse areas that require maximizing output and minimizing resources. This is the crux of all optimization algorithms. Features: Detailed description of the algorithms along with pseudocode and flowchart Easy translation to program code that is also readily available in Mathworks website for some of the algorithms Simple examples demonstrating the optimization strategies are provided to enhance understanding Standard applications and benchmark datasets for testing and validating the algorithms are included This book is a reference for undergraduate and post-graduate students. It will be useful to faculty members teaching optimization. It is also a comprehensive guide for researchers who are looking for optimizing resources in attaining the best solution to a problem. The nature-inspired optimization algorithms are unconventional, and this makes them more efficient than their traditional counterparts.
Nature-Inspired Optimizers: Theories, Literature Reviews and Applications (Studies in Computational Intelligence #811)
by Andrew Lewis Jin Song Dong Seyedali MirjaliliThis book covers the conventional and most recent theories and applications in the area of evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, and meta-heuristics. Each chapter offers a comprehensive description of a specific algorithm, from the mathematical model to its practical application. Different kind of optimization problems are solved in this book, including those related to path planning, image processing, hand gesture detection, among others. All in all, the book offers a tutorial on how to design, adapt, and evaluate evolutionary algorithms. Source codes for most of the proposed techniques have been included as supplementary materials on a dedicated webpage.
Natürliche Differenzierung im Arithmetikunterricht: Angebot und Nutzung von Lernangeboten in heterogenen Grundschulklassen (Mathematikdidaktik im Fokus)
by Silke FriedrichIn der aktuellen mathematikdidaktischen Diskussion wird das Konzept der natürlichen Differenzierung als eine adäquate Möglichkeit angesehen, mit heterogenen Lerngruppen umzugehen. Natürliche Differenzierung ermöglicht Lernenden das gemeinsame Arbeiten an einem Lerngegenstand auf unterschiedlichen Schwierigkeitsniveaus. Die Studie wurde im Mathematikunterricht dritter Klassen am Beispiel des Lernangebots „Kombi-Gleichungen“ durchgeführt. Dabei wurde empirisch untersucht, ob Lernende einer heterogenen Lerngruppe ein natürlich differenzierendes arithmetisches Lernangebot tatsächlich ihrem individuellen Lernpotenzial entsprechend nutzen.
Natürliche Differenzierung im Geometrieunterricht der Grundschule: Epistemologische und partizipatorische Erforschung des gemeinsamen Lernens (Paderborner Beiträge zur Didaktik der Mathematik)
by Ninja Katherina Del PieroIn diesem Buch werden auf der Basis von theoretischen und fachdidaktischen Überlegungen zur natürlichen Differenzierung, Interaktion, geometrischen Begriffsbildung und räumlichen Vorstellung zwei geometrische Lernumgebungen vorgestellt, die sich für das gemeinsame Lernen von Schüler*innen mit unterschiedlichen Kompetenzen eignen: „Dreiecke auf dem Geobrett&“ und „Würfelgebäude entdecken&“. Im Rahmen der zehnjährigen Forschungsarbeit, auf der dieses Buch gründet, wurden diese Lernumgebungen konzipiert und in einem Lehr-Lern-Labor der Universität Paderborn mit zahlreichen Grundschulklassen durchgeführt und beforscht. Die Forschungsergebnisse zur epistemologischen sowie partizipatorischen Analyse der Lern- und Interaktionsprozesse zur Lernumgebung „Dreiecke auf dem Geobrett&“ werden in diesem Buch ausführlich präsentiert und hinsichtlich der Konzeption der Lernumgebung und des Gelingens der natürlichen Differenzierung diskutiert.
Navier-Stokes Equations
by Grzegorz Łukaszewicz Piotr KalitaThis volume is devoted to the study of the Navier-Stokes equations, providing a comprehensive reference for a range of applications: from advanced undergraduate students to engineers and professional mathematicians involved in research on fluid mechanics, dynamical systems, and mathematical modeling. Equipped with only a basic knowledge of calculus, functional analysis, and partial differential equations, the reader is introduced to the concept and applications of the Navier-Stokes equations through a series of fully self-contained chapters. Including lively illustrations that complement and elucidate the text, and a collection of exercises at the end of each chapter, this book is an indispensable, accessible, classroom-tested tool for teaching and understanding the Navier-Stokes equations. Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations describe the dynamic motion (flow) of incompressible fluid, the unknowns being the velocity and pressure as functions of location (space) and time variables. A solution to these equations predicts the behavior of the fluid, assuming knowledge of its initial and boundary states. These equations are one of the most important models of mathematical physics: although they have been a subject of vivid research for more than 150 years, there are still many open problems due to the nature of nonlinearity present in the equations. The nonlinear convective term present in the equations leads to phenomena such as eddy flows and turbulence. In particular, the question of solution regularity for three-dimensional problem was appointed by Clay Institute as one of the Millennium Problems, the key problems in modern mathematics. The problem remains challenging and fascinating for mathematicians, and the applications of the Navier-Stokes equations range from aerodynamics (drag and lift forces), to the design of watercraft and hydroelectric power plants, to medical applications such as modeling the flow of blood in the circulatory system.
Navier-Stokes-Fourier Equations
by Radyadour Kh. ZeytounianThis research monograph deals with a modeling theory of the system of Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations for a Newtonian fluid governing a compressible viscous and heat conducting flows. The main objective is threefold. First , to 'deconstruct' this Navier-Stokes-Fourier system in order to unify the puzzle of the various partial simplified approximate models used in Newtonian Classical Fluid Dynamics and this, first facet, have obviously a challenging approach and a very important pedagogic impact on the university education. The second facet of the main objective is to outline a rational consistent asymptotic/mathematical theory of the of fluid flows modeling on the basis of a typical Navier-Stokes-Fourier initial and boundary value problem. The third facet is devoted to an illustration of our rational asymptotic/mathematical modeling theory for various technological and geophysical stiff problems from: aerodynamics, thermal and thermocapillary convections and also meteofluid dynamics.
Navier–Stokes Equations on R3 × [0, T]
by Frank Stenger Don Tucker Gerd BaumannIn this monograph, leading researchers in the world ofnumerical analysis, partial differential equations, and hard computationalproblems study the properties of solutions of the Navier-Stokes partial differential equations on (x, y, z,t) ∈ â,, 3 × [0, T]. Initially converting the PDE to asystem of integral equations, the authors then describe spaces A of analytic functions that housesolutions of this equation, and show that these spaces of analytic functionsare dense in the spaces S of rapidlydecreasing and infinitely differentiable functions. This method benefits fromthe following advantages: The functions of S are nearly always conceptual rather than explicit Initial and boundary conditions of solutions of PDE are usually drawn from the applied sciences, and as such, they are nearly always piece-wise analytic, and in this case, the solutions have the same properties When methods of approximation are applied to functions of A they converge at an exponential rate, whereas methods of approximation applied to the functions of S converge only at a polynomial rate Enables sharper bounds on the solution enabling easier existence proofs, and a more accurate and more efficient method of solution, including accurate error bounds Following the proofs of denseness, the authors prove theexistence of a solution of the integral equations in the space of functions A ∩ â,, 3 × [0, T], and provide an explicit novelalgorithm based on Sinc approximation and Picard-like iteration for computingthe solution. Additionally, the authors include appendices that provide acustom Mathematica program for computing solutions based on the explicitalgorithmic approximation procedure, and which supply explicit illustrations ofthese computed solutions.
Navigating Circular Supply Chains: Optimizing Performance Measurement Through Fuzzy Methods and Quality Techniques (SpringerBriefs in Operations Management)
by Ramin Rostamkhani Thurasamy RamayahThis book focuses on four key issues that are crucial to achieving productivity and sustainability in the circular supply chain management industry. These key topics are the elements of circular supply chain management, statistical techniques such as the design of experiments and statistical process control, well-known fuzzy techniques in the performance measurement analysis of circular supply chains, and the indicators of managing productivity and sustainability before and after implementing the model. Presenting a creative combination of fuzzy and statistical techniques on performance measurement in circular supply chain management, this book would be of interest to experts and technical managers who are responsible for implementing productivity and sustainability models within the organization as well as academics.
Navigating Misinformation: User-Centered Design and Evaluation of Indicator-Based Digital Interventions (Technology, Peace and Security I Technologie, Frieden und Sicherheit)
by Katrin HartwigInformed navigation of misinformation on social media constitutes a major challenge. The field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) suggests digital misinformation interventions as user-centered countermeasures. This book clusters (1) existing misinformation interventions within a taxonomy encompassing designs, interaction types, and timings. The book demonstrates that current research mostly addresses higher-educated participants, and targets Twitter/X and Facebook. It highlights trends toward comprehensible interventions in contrast to top-down approaches. The findings informed (2) the design, implementation, and evaluation of simulated apps for TikTok, voice messages, and Twitter/X as indicator-based interventions. Therefore, (3) the book identified misinformation indicators for various modalities that were perceived as comprehensible.The book empirically demonstrates that (4) indicator-based interventions are positively received due to their transparency. However, they also come with challenges, such as users' blind trust and lack of realistic assessments of biases. This research outlines chances and implications for future research.
Navigating Molecular Networks (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by N. SukumarThis book delves into the foundational principles governing the treatment of molecular networks and "chemical space"—the comprehensive domain encompassing all physically achievable molecules—from the perspectives of vector space, graph theory, and data science. It explores similarity kernels, network measures, spectral graph theory, and random matrix theory, weaving intriguing connections between these diverse subjects. Notably, it emphasizes the visualization of molecular networks. The exploration continues by delving into contemporary generative deep learning models, increasingly pivotal in the pursuit of new materials possessing specific properties, showcasing some of the most compelling advancements in this field. Concluding with a discussion on the meanings of discovery, creativity, and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) therein.Its primary audience comprises senior undergraduate and graduate students specializing in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Additionally, it caters to those interested in the potential transformation of material discovery through computational, network, AI, and machine learning (ML) methodologies.
Navigating Strategic Decisions: The Power of Sound Analysis and Forecasting
by John E. TriantisBased on four decades of experience and research, Navigating Strategic Decisions: The Power of Sound Analysis and Forecasting explains how to improve the decision-making process in your organization through the use of better long-term forecasts and decision support. Filled with time-tested methodologies and models, it provides you with the tools to establish the organization, processes, methods, and techniques required for analyzing and forecasting strategic decisions.Describing how to foster the conditions required for forecasts to materialize, this book will help you rank project valuations and select higher value creation projects. It also teaches you how to: Assess the commercial feasibility of large projects Apply sanity checks to forecasts and assess their resource implications Benchmark best-in-class strategic forecasting organizations, processes, and practices Identify project risks and manage project uncertainty Analyze forecasting models and scenarios to determine controllable levers Pinpoint factors needed to ensure that forecasted future states materialize as expected This book provides you with the benefit of the author’s decades of hands-on experience. In this book, John Triantis shares valuable insights on strategic planning, new product development, portfolio management, and business development groups. Describing how to provide world-class support to your corporate, market, and other planning functions, the book provides you with the tools to consistently make improved decisions that are based on hard data, balanced evaluations, well considered scenarios, and sound forecasts.
Navigating Time and Space in Population Studies
by Emily R Merchant Glenn D Deane Kenneth M Sylvester Myron P GutmannNavigating Time and Space in Population Studies presents innovative approaches to long-standing questions about the diffusion of population and demographic behavior across space and over time. This collection utilizes newly-available historical data along with spatially and temporally explicit analytical methods to evaluate and refine core demographic theories and to pose new questions about mortality and fertility transitions, migration, urbanization, and social inequality. It adds a spatial dimension to the analysis of temporal processes and a temporal element to spatial processes. Chapters cover a broad range of geographical settings, including the United States, Europe, Latin America, and the Islamic world, and span time periods from the eighteenth to twentieth century. Contributors from a variety of disciplines reveal the complexity of factors involved in population processes that spread across space and unfold over time, and demonstrate a rich set of tools with which to explore, analyze, and test the spatial and temporal dynamics of these phenomena. The theories, methods, and substantive findings presented here provide new lenses through which to view time and space in population studies, offering useful models and valuable insights to demographers and other social scientists exploring both historical and contemporary questions about population dynamics anywhere in the world.
Navigating the Technological Tide: Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2024), Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1080)
by Allam Hamdan Bahaaeddin AlareeniIn an era defined by technological breakthroughs such as AI, blockchain, and IoT, this book offers a fresh and practical approach to Business Model Innovation (BMI). It delves into how technological advancements drive new business models and enhance operational efficiency, providing actionable insights and real-world examples for business leaders, strategists, operations managers, entrepreneurs, and students in business and technology disciplines. Encouraging diverse research methods, including theoretical, empirical, and multimethod studies, it welcomes manuscripts with clear managerial or policy implications. Aimed at students, scholars, researchers, professionals, executives, government agencies, and policymakers, this book equips readers with tools to succeed in today's dynamic business environment and supports multidisciplinary research to advance innovation management practices.
Navigating the Technological Tide: Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2024), Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1081)
by Allam Hamdan Bahaaeddin AlareeniIn an era defined by technological breakthroughs such as AI, blockchain, and IoT, this book offers a fresh and practical approach to Business Model Innovation (BMI). It delves into how technological advancements drive new business models and enhance operational efficiency, providing actionable insights and real-world examples for business leaders, strategists, operations managers, entrepreneurs, and students in business and technology disciplines. Encouraging diverse research methods, including theoretical, empirical, and multimethod studies, it welcomes manuscripts with clear managerial or policy implications. Aimed at students, scholars, researchers, professionals, executives, government agencies, and policymakers, this book equips readers with tools to succeed in today's dynamic business environment and supports multidisciplinary research to advance innovation management practices.
Navigating the Technological Tide: Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2024), Volume 3 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1082)
by Allam Hamdan Bahaaeddin AlareeniIn an era defined by technological breakthroughs such as AI, blockchain, and IoT, this book offers a fresh and practical approach to Business Model Innovation (BMI). It delves into how technological advancements drive new business models and enhance operational efficiency, providing actionable insights and real-world examples for business leaders, strategists, operations managers, entrepreneurs, and students in business and technology disciplines. Encouraging diverse research methods, including theoretical, empirical, and multimethod studies, it welcomes manuscripts with clear managerial or policy implications. Aimed at students, scholars, researchers, professionals, executives, government agencies, and policymakers, this book equips readers with tools to succeed in today's dynamic business environment and supports multidisciplinary research to advance innovation management practices.
Navigating the Technological Tide: Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2024), Volume 4 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1083)
by Allam Hamdan Bahaaeddin AlareeniIn an era defined by technological breakthroughs such as AI, blockchain, and IoT, this book offers a fresh and practical approach to Business Model Innovation (BMI). It delves into how technological advancements drive new business models and enhance operational efficiency, providing actionable insights and real-world examples for business leaders, strategists, operations managers, entrepreneurs, and students in business and technology disciplines. Encouraging diverse research methods, including theoretical, empirical, and multimethod studies, it welcomes manuscripts with clear managerial or policy implications. Aimed at students, scholars, researchers, professionals, executives, government agencies, and policymakers, this book equips readers with tools to succeed in today's dynamic business environment and supports multidisciplinary research to advance innovation management practices.
Navigating the: Between the Edges of Empire (Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series)
by Emma HillWhat happens when migration takes place between sites defined by different types of ‘colonial difference’? This book asks this question in the context of Somali migration to Scotland, which it maps over a century of colonial relations, independence movements, and the reorganisation of the (post)colonial Somali and British states. Framing both Somalia and Scotland as sites of marginality in the matrices of colonial power, it tracks through a combination of archival material and contemporary testimonies the operation, development and divergence of (the) colonial(ity of) power in shaping Somali migration and citizenship experiences in Scotland. However, whilst the book has a grounded and localised focus, it makes the argument that Somali-Scottish migration cases present the urgent need for a holistic approach to the operation of coloniality, which not only emanates from the so-called ‘centre’ of Empire, but also at and between its edges.
Naïve Set Theory: A Rigorous Approach
by Fabio Ferrari RuffinoNaïve Set Theory: A Rigorous Approach aims to provide a complete and unitary presentation of naive set theory as the foundation of the whole mathematics. Suitable for undergraduate students, this book focuses on the main foundational issues, trying to clarify explicitly what is (necessarily) assumed as intuitively known and what is rigorously founded on more elementary concepts. It analyses in detail the nature of natural numbers, both as metatheoretical objects and through their set-theoretical model. The author also pays particular attention to some topics that are not usually covered by the literature on naive set theory, like the universal properties of Cartesian product and disjoint union, that lead to a precise formulation of their basic features (associativity, commutativity, and distributivity). The exposition is organized coherently from the initial meta-theoretical notions to the construction of the universe of well-founded sets.Features: Replete with exercises, partially spread within the text and partially listed at the end of each chapter with a solutions manual available on www.Routledge.com/9781032933047. Covers foundational topics that are not usually discussed in the literature on naive set theory, such as universal properties of Cartesian product and disjoint union, through which one can properly state associativity, commutativity, and distributivity of these operations.