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Multiple Instance Learning
by Francisco Herrera Sebastián Ventura Rafael Bello Chris Cornelis Amelia Zafra Dánel Sánchez-Tarragó Sarah VluymansThis book provides a general overview of multiple instance learning (MIL), defining the framework and covering the central paradigms. The authors discuss the most important algorithms for MIL such as classification, regression and clustering. With a focus on classification, a taxonomy is set and the most relevant proposals are specified. Efficient algorithms are developed to discover relevant information when working with uncertainty. Key representative applications are included. This book carries out a study of the key related fields of distance metrics and alternative hypothesis. Chapters examine new and developing aspects of MIL such as data reduction for multi-instance problems and imbalanced MIL data. Class imbalance for multi-instance problems is defined at the bag level, a type of representation that utilizes ambiguity due to the fact that bag labels are available, but the labels of the individual instances are not defined. Additionally, multiple instance multiple label learning is explored. This learning framework introduces flexibility and ambiguity in the object representation providing a natural formulation for representing complicated objects. Thus, an object is represented by a bag of instances and is allowed to have associated multiple class labels simultaneously. This book is suitable for developers and engineers working to apply MIL techniques to solve a variety of real-world problems. It is also useful for researchers or students seeking a thorough overview of MIL literature, methods, and tools.
Multiple Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy and Numeracy
by Claire Wyatt-Smith Stephanie Gunn John ElkinsThere are many approaches to researching the difficulties in learning that students experience in the key areas of literacy and numeracy. This book seeks to advance understanding of these difficulties and the interventions that have been used to improve outcomes. The book addresses the sometimes complementary and sometimes contradictory results, and generates new approaches to understanding and serving students with difficulties in literacy and numeracy. The book represents a departure from conventional wisdom as most scholars and graduate students draw upon ideas from only one of the three domains focal in the book and usually from one single or dominant theoretical frame. Typically, readers will affiliate with reading education, mathematics education, or learning disabilities and belong to one of the corresponding professional associations such as IRA, NCTM, or CLD. This book's scope will open a scholarly forum for engaging readers with a familiarity with one of these domains while providing insight into the others on offer in the book.
Multiple Regression: A Practical Introduction
by John M. Roberts Aki RobertsMultiple Regression: A Practical Introduction is a text for an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate course in statistics for social science and related fields. Also, students preparing for more advanced courses can self-study the text to refresh and solidify their statistical background. Drawing on decades of teaching this material, the authors present the ideas in an approachable and nontechnical manner, with no expectation that readers have more than a standard introductory statistics course as background. Multiple regression asks how a dependent variable is related to, or predicted by, a set of independent variables. The book includes many interesting example analyses and interpretations, along with exercises. Each dataset used for the examples and exercises is small enough for readers to easily grasp the entire dataset and its analysis with respect to the specific statistical techniques covered. SPSS, Stata, SAS, and R code and commands for each type of analysis or recoding of variables in the book are available on an accompanying website, along with solutions to the exercises (on the instructor site).
Multiple Regression: A Practical Introduction
by John M. Roberts Aki RobertsMultiple Regression: A Practical Introduction is a text for an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate course in statistics for social science and related fields. Also, students preparing for more advanced courses can self-study the text to refresh and solidify their statistical background. Drawing on decades of teaching this material, the authors present the ideas in an approachable and nontechnical manner, with no expectation that readers have more than a standard introductory statistics course as background. Multiple regression asks how a dependent variable is related to, or predicted by, a set of independent variables. The book includes many interesting example analyses and interpretations, along with exercises. Each dataset used for the examples and exercises is small enough for readers to easily grasp the entire dataset and its analysis with respect to the specific statistical techniques covered. SPSS, Stata, SAS, and R code and commands for each type of analysis or recoding of variables in the book are available on an accompanying website, along with solutions to the exercises (on the instructor site).
Multiple-Scale Analysis of Boundary-Value Problems in Thick Multi-Level Junctions of Type 3:2:2 (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
by Dmytro Sadovyi Taras Mel'nykThis book presents asymptotic methods for boundary-value problems (linear and semilinear, elliptic and parabolic) in so-called thick multi-level junctions. These complicated structures appear in a large variety of applications.A concise and readable introduction to the topic, the book provides a full review of the literature as well as a presentation of results of the authors, including the homogenization of boundary-value problems in thick multi-level junctions with non-Lipschitz boundaries, and the construction of approximations for solutions to semilinear problems. Including end-of-chapter conclusions discussing the results and their physical interpretations, this book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in asymptotic analysis and applied mathematics as well as to physicists, chemists and engineers interested in processes such as heat and mass transfer.
Multiple Scattering Theory for Spectroscopies: A Guide To Multiple Scattering Computer Codes -- Dedicated To C. R. Natoli On The Occasion Of His 75th Birthday (Springer Proceedings In Physics #204)
by Didier Sébilleau Keisuke Hatada Hubert EbertThis edited book, based on material presented at the EU Spec Training School on Multiple Scattering Codes and the following MSNano Conference, is divided into two distinct parts. The first part, subtitled “basic knowledge”, provides the basics of the multiple scattering description in spectroscopies, enabling readers to understand the physics behind the various multiple scattering codes available for modelling spectroscopies. The second part, “extended knowledge”, presents “state- of-the-art” short chapters on specific subjects associated with improving of the actual description of spectroscopies within the multiple scattering formalism, such as inelastic processes, or precise examples of modelling.
Multiple Sequence Alignments: Which Program Fits My Data?
by Theodor SperleaThis book is a practical guide for biologists who use multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) for their data analysis and are looking for a comprehensive overview of the many different programs. Despite their important role in data analysis, there is uncertainty among researchers about exactly how MSA programs work - not to mention how and why the different analyzes lead to different results. Which program is the right one for evaluating my data and how can I ensure that I have drawn all relevant findings from the alignments? This book offers helpful explanations and background information without requiring extensive bioinformatics knowledge and slowly introduces the reader to the topic.In the first part of the book, the possible fields of application as well as the formats that are usually produced by MSA programs are described in detail. The central algorithms as well as the internal processes of the most common MSA programs of the past and the present are also explained in an uncomplicated manner in greater detail. The second part of the book is a detailed, data-based comparison between MSA programs, which is intended to help you decide which program to use for your next alignment.
Multiple Sequenzalignments: Welches Programm passt zu meinen Daten?
by Theodor SperleaDieses Buch ist ein praktischer Ratgeber für Biologinnen und Biologen, die Multiple Sequenzalignments (MSAs) für ihre Datenanalysen verwenden und einen verständlichen Überblick über die vielen verschiedenen Programme suchen. Trotz ihres wichtigen Stellenwertes in der Datenanalyse herrscht Unsicherheit unter den Forschenden wie MSA-Programme genau funktionieren - ganz zu schweigen davon, wie und warum die unterschiedlichen Analysen zu verschiedenen Ergebnissen führen. Welches Programm ist für die Auswertung meiner Daten das richtige und wie kann ich sicherstellen, alle relevanten Erkenntnisse aus den Alignments gezogen zu haben? Dieses Buch bietet hilfreiche Erklärungen und Hintergründe ohne große bioinformatische Vorkenntnisse vorauszusetzen und führt die Leserinnen und Leser langsam in die Thematik ein.Im ersten Teil des Buches werden die möglichen Einsatzfelder wie auch die Formate, die üblicherweise von MSA-Programmen produziert werden, im Detail beschrieben. Ebenso werden auf unkomplizierte Weise die zentralen Algorithmen sowie die inneren Abläufe der gängigsten MSA-Programme der Vergangenheit und der Gegenwart in größerer Detailtiefe erklärt. Den zweiten Teil des Buches bildet ein ausführlicher datenbasierter Vergleich zwischen MSA-Programmen, der als Entscheidungshilfe für die Programmauswahl für dein nächstes Alignment dienen soll.
Multiple Shooting and Time Domain Decomposition Methods
by Thomas Carraro Michael Geiger Stefan Körkel Rolf RannacherThis book offers a comprehensive collection of the most advanced numerical techniques for the efficient and effective solution of simulation and optimization problems governed by systems of time-dependent differential equations. The contributions present various approaches to time domain decomposition, focusing on multiple shooting and parareal algorithms. The range of topics covers theoretical analysis of the methods, as well as their algorithmic formulation and guidelines for practical implementation. Selected examples show that the discussed approaches are mandatory for the solution of challenging practical problems. The practicability and efficiency of the presented methods is illustrated by several case studies from fluid dynamics, data compression, image processing and computational biology, giving rise to possible new research topics. This volume, resulting from the workshop Multiple Shooting and Time Domain Decomposition Methods, held in Heidelberg in May 2013, will be of great interest to applied mathematicians, computer scientists and all scientists using mathematical methods.
Multiple Stopping Problems: Uni- and Multilateral Approaches
by Georgy Sofronov Krzysztof SzajowskiThis book presents the theory of rational decisions involving the selection of stopping times in observed discrete-time stochastic processes, both by single and multiple decision-makers. Readers will become acquainted with the models, strategies, and applications of these models.It begins with an examination of selected models framed as stochastic optimization challenges, emphasizing the critical role of optimal stopping times in sequential statistical procedures. The authors go on to explore models featuring multiple stopping and shares on leading applications, particularly focusing on change point detection, selection problems, and the nuances of behavioral ecology. In the following chapters, an array of perspectives on model strategies is presented, elucidating their interpretation and the methodologies underpinning their genesis. Essential notations and definitions are introduced, examining general theorems about solution existence and structure, with an intricate analysis of optimal stopping predicaments and addressing crucial multilateral models. The reader is presented with the practical application of models based on multiple stopping within stochastic processes. The coverage includes a diverse array of domains, including sequential statistics, finance, economics, and the broader generalization of the best-choice problem. Additionally, it delves into numerical and asymptotic solutions, offering a comprehensive exploration of optimal stopping quandaries.The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in fields such as economics, finance, and engineering. It could also be used by graduate students doing a research degree in insurance, economics or business analytics or an advanced undergraduate course in mathematical sciences.
A Multiple-Testing Approach to the Multivariate Behrens-Fisher Problem: with Simulations and Examples in SAS® (SpringerBriefs in Statistics)
by Tejas DesaiIn statistics, the Behrens-Fisher problem is the problem of interval estimation and hypothesis testing concerning the difference between the means of two normally distributed populations when the variances of the two populations are not assumed to be equal, based on two independent samples. In his 1935 paper, Fisher outlined an approach to the Behrens-Fisher problem. Since high-speed computers were not available in Fisher's time, this approach was not implementable and was soon forgotten. Fortunately, now that high-speed computers are available, this approach can easily be implemented using just a desktop or a laptop computer. Furthermore, Fisher's approach was proposed for univariate samples. But this approach can also be generalized to the multivariate case. In this monograph, we present the solution to the afore-mentioned multivariate generalization of the Behrens-Fisher problem. We start out by presenting a test of multivariate normality, proceed to test(s) of equality of covariance matrices, and end with our solution to the multivariate Behrens-Fisher problem. All methods proposed in this monograph will be include both the randomly-incomplete-data case as well as the complete-data case. Moreover, all methods considered in this monograph will be tested using both simulations and examples.
Multiple Testing Problems in Pharmaceutical Statistics (Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series)
by Alex Dmitrienko Ajit C. Tamhane Frank BretzUseful Statistical Approaches for Addressing Multiplicity IssuesIncludes practical examples from recent trials Bringing together leading statisticians, scientists, and clinicians from the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and regulatory agencies, Multiple Testing Problems in Pharmaceutical Statistics explores the rapidly growing area of multiple c
Multiple Time Scale Dynamics
by Christian KuehnThis book provides an introduction to dynamical systems with multiple time scales. The approach it takes is to provide an overview of key areas, particularly topics that are less available in the introductory form. The broad range of topics included makes it accessible for students and researchers new to the field to gain a quick and thorough overview. The first of its kind, this book merges a wide variety of different mathematical techniques into a more unified framework. The book is highly illustrated with many examples and exercises and an extensive bibliography. The target audience of this book are senior undergraduates, graduate students as well as researchers interested in using the multiple time scale dynamics theory in nonlinear science, either from a theoretical or a mathematical modeling perspective.
Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision
by Andrew Zisserman Richard HartleyA basic problem in computer vision is to understand the structure of a real world scene given several images of it. Techniques for solving this problem are taken from projective geometry and photogrammetry. Here, the authors cover the geometric principles and their algebraic representation in terms of camera projection matrices, the fundamental matrix and the trifocal tensor. The theory and methods of computation of these entities are discussed with real examples, as is their use in the reconstruction of scenes from multiple images. The new edition features an extended introduction covering the key ideas in the book (which itself has been updated with additional examples and appendices) and significant new results which have appeared since the first edition. Comprehensive background material is provided, so readers familiar with linear algebra and basic numerical methods can understand the projective geometry and estimation algorithms presented, and implement the algorithms directly from the book.
Multiplex Networks: Basic Formalism and Structural Properties (SpringerBriefs in Complexity)
by Emanuele Cozzo Guilherme Ferraz de Arruda Francisco Aparecido Rodrigues Yamir MorenoThis book provides the basis of a formal language and explores its possibilities in the characterization of multiplex networks. Armed with the formalism developed, the authors define structural metrics for multiplex networks. A methodology to generalize monoplex structural metrics to multiplex networks is also presented so that the reader will be able to generalize other metrics of interest in a systematic way. Therefore, this book will serve as a guide for the theoretical development of new multiplex metrics. Furthermore, this Brief describes the spectral properties of these networks in relation to concepts from algebraic graph theory and the theory of matrix polynomials. The text is rounded off by analyzing the different structural transitions present in multiplex systems as well as by a brief overview of some representative dynamical processes. Multiplex Networks will appeal to students, researchers, and professionals within the fields of network science, graph theory, and data science.
Multiplica como nadie: Matemáticas védicas: nunca el cálculo fue tan fácil, divertido y creativo
by Nacho Ruiz¿Difíciles? ¿Aburridas? Eso se acabó. Multiplica como nadie es el primer libro en castellano que introduce las matemáticas védicas de la antigua India, un método que convierte el cálculo en algo fácil, divertido y creativo. El autor, Nacho Ruiz Cía, es el máximo exponente del movimiento por la difusión de las matemáticas védicas en España. Su misión es dar a conocer la sencillez del método, formar a padres, profesores y alumnos para que disfruten con el cálculo, desarrollen su potencial, memoria, atención y creatividad, y acabar por fin con la tan común aversión a las matemáticas. En este libro ofrece una primera aproximación a las matemáticas védicas aplicadas a la multiplicación.
Multiplication Operators on the Bergman Space
by Kunyu Guo Hansong HuangThis book deals with various aspects of commutants and reducing subspaces of multiplication operators on the Bergman space, along with relevant von Neumann algebras generated by these operators, which have been the focus of considerable attention from the authors and other experts in recent years. The book reviews past developments and offers insights into cutting-edge developments in the study of multiplication operators. It also provides commentary and comparisons to stimulate research in this area.
Multiplicative Analytic Geometry
by Svetlin G. Georgiev Khaled Zennir Aissa BoukarouThis book is devoted to multiplicative analytic geometry. The book reflects recent investigations into the topic. The reader can use the main formulae for investigations of multiplicative differential equations, multiplicative integral equations and multiplicative geometry. The authors summarize the most recent contributions in this area. The goal of the authors is to bring the most recent research on the topic to capable senior undergraduate students, beginning graduate students of engineering and science and researchers in a form to advance further study. The book contains eight chapters. The chapters in the book are pedagogically organized. Each chapter concludes with a section with practical problems. Two operations, differentiation and integration, are basic in calculus and analysis. In fact, they are the infinitesimal versions of the subtraction and addition operations on numbers, respectively. In the period from 1967 till 1970, Michael Grossman and Robert Katz gave definitions of a new kind of derivative and integral, moving the roles of subtraction and addition to division and multiplication, and thus established a new calculus, called multiplicative calculus. Multiplicative calculus can especially be useful as a mathematical tool for economics and finance. Multiplicative Analytic Geometry builds upon multiplicative calculus and advances the theory to the topics of analytic and differential geometry.
Multiplicative Differential Calculus
by Svetlin G. Georgiev Khaled ZennirThis book is devoted to the multiplicative differential calculus. Its seven pedagogically organized chapters summarize the most recent contributions in this area, concluding with a section of practical problems to be assigned or for self-study. Two operations, differentiation and integration, are basic in calculus and analysis. In fact, they are the infinitesimal versions of the subtraction and addition operations on numbers, respectively. From 1967 till 1970, Michael Grossman and Robert Katz gave definitions of a new kind of derivative and integral, moving the roles of subtraction and addition to division and multiplication, and thus established a new calculus, called multiplicative calculus. It is also called an alternative or non-Newtonian calculus. Multiplicative calculus can especially be useful as a mathematical tool for economics, finance, biology, and engineering. Multiplicative Differential Calculus is written to be of interest to a wide audience of specialists such as mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and biologists. It is primarily a textbook at the senior undergraduate and beginning graduate level and may be used for a course on differential calculus. It is also for students studying engineering and science. Authors Svetlin G. Georgiev is a mathematician who has worked in various areas of the study. He currently focuses on harmonic analysis, functional analysis, partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations, Clifford and quaternion analysis, integral equations, and dynamic calculus on time scales. He is also the author of Dynamic Geometry of Time Scales (CRC Press). He is a co-author of Conformable Dynamic Equations on Time Scales, with Douglas R. Anderson (CRC Press). Khaled Zennir earned his PhD in mathematics from Sidi Bel Abbès University, Algeria. He earned his highest diploma in Habilitation in Mathematics from Constantine University, Algeria. He is currently Assistant Professor at Qassim University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. His research interests lie in the subjects of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations: global existence, blowup, and long-time behavior. The authors have also published: Multiple Fixed-Point Theorems and Applications in the Theory of ODEs, FDEs and PDE; Boundary Value Problems on Time Scales, Volume 1 and Volume II, all with CRC Press.
Multiplicative Differential Equations: Volume I
by Svetlin G. Georgiev Khaled ZennirMultiplicative Differential Equations: Volume I is the first part of a comprehensive approach to the subject. It continues a series of books written by the authors on multiplicative, geometric approaches to key mathematical topics. This volume begins with a basic introduction to multiplicative differential equations and then moves on to first- and second-order equations, as well as the question of existence and uniqueness of solutions. Each chapter ends with a section of practical problems. The book is accessible to graduate students and researchers in mathematics, physics, engineering and biology.
Multiplicative Differential Equations: Volume II
by Svetlin Georgiev Khaled ZennirMultiplicative Differential Equations: Volume II is the second part of a comprehensive approach to the subject. It continues a series of books written by the authors on multiplicative, geometric approaches to key mathematical topics. This volume is devoted to the theory of multiplicative differential systems. The asymptotic behavior of the solutions of such systems is studied. Stability theory for multiplicative linear and nonlinear systems is introduced and boundary value problems for second-order multiplicative linear and nonlinear equations are explored. The authors also present first-order multiplicative partial differential equations. Each chapter ends with a section of practical problems. The text is accessible to graduate students and researchers in mathematics, physics, engineering and biology.
Multiplicative Differential Geometry
by Svetlin G. GeorgievThis book introduces multiplicative Frenet curves. We define multiplicative tangent, multiplicative normal, and multiplicative normal plane for a multiplicative Frenet curve. We investigate the local behaviours of a multiplicative parameterized curve around multiplicative biregular points, define multiplicative Bertrand curves and investigate some of their properties. A multiplicative rigid motion is introduced. The book is addressed to instructors and graduate students, and also specialists in geometry, mathematical physics, differential equations, engineering, and specialists in applied sciences. The book is suitable as a textbook for graduate and under-graduate level courses in geometry and analysis. Many examples and problems are included. The author introduces the main conceptions for multiplicative surfaces: multiplicative first fundamental form, the main multiplicative rules for differentiations on multiplicative surfaces, and the main multiplicative regularity conditions for multiplicative surfaces. An investigation of the main classes of multiplicative surfaces and second fundamental forms for multiplicative surfaces is also employed. Multiplicative differential forms and their properties, multiplicative manifolds, multiplicative Einstein manifolds and their properties, are investigated as well. Many unique applications in mathematical physics, classical geometry, economic theory, and theory of time scale calculus are offered.
Multiplicative Ideal Theory and Factorization Theory
by Scott Chapman Marco Fontana Alfred Geroldinger Bruce OlberdingThis book consists of both expository and research articles solicited from speakers at the conference entitled "Arithmetic and Ideal Theory of Rings and Semigroups," held September 22-26, 2014 at the University of Graz, Graz, Austria. It reflects recent trends in multiplicative ideal theory and factorization theory, and brings together for the first time in one volume both commutative and non-commutative perspectives on these areas, which have their roots in number theory, commutative algebra, and algebraic geometry. Topics discussed include topological aspects in ring theory, Prüfer domains of integer-valued polynomials and their monadic submonoids, and semigroup algebras. It will be of interest to practitioners of mathematics and computer science, and researchers in multiplicative ideal theory, factorization theory, number theory, and algebraic geometry.
Multiplicative Partial Differential Equations (Advances in Applied Mathematics)
by Svetlin G. Georgiev Khaled ZennirMultiplicative Partial Differential Equations presents an introduction to the theory of multiplicative partial differential equations (MPDEs). It is suitable for all types of basic courses on MPDEs. The author’s aim is to present a clear and well-organized treatment of the concept behind the development of mathematics and solution techniques. The text material of this book is presented in a highly readable, mathematically solid format. Many practical problems are illustrated displaying a wide variety of solution techniques. Features Includes new classification and canonical forms of second-order MPDEs Proposes a new technique to solving the multiplicative wave equation such as the method of separation of variables and the energy method The proposed technique in the book can be used to give the basic properties of multiplicative elliptic problems, fundamental solutions, multiplicative integral representation of multiplicative harmonic functions, mean-value formulas, strong principle of maximum, multiplicative Poisson equation, multiplicative Green functions, method of separation of variables, and theorems of Liouville and Harnack
Multiplicity of Time Scales in Complex Systems: Challenges for Sciences and Communication I (Mathematics Online First Collections)
by Bernhelm Booß-Bavnbek Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen Katherine Richardson Oriol Vallès CodinaThis highly interdisciplinary volume brings together a carefully curated set of case studies examining complex systems with multiple time scales (MTS) across a variety of fields: materials science, epidemiology, cell physiology, mathematics, climatology, energy transition planning, ecology, economics, sociology, history, and cultural studies. The book addresses the vast diversity of interacting processes underlying the behaviour of different complex systems, highlighting the multiplicity of characteristic time scales that are a common feature of many and showcases a rich variety of methodologies across disciplinary boundaries. Self-organizing, out-of-equilibrium, ever-evolving systems are ubiquitous in the natural and social world. Examples include the climate, ecosystems, living cells, epidemics, the human brain, and many socio-economic systems across history. Their dynamical behaviour poses great challenges in the pressing context of the climate crisis, since they may involve nonlinearities, feedback loops, and the emergence of spatial-temporal patterns, portrayed by resilience or instability, plasticity or rigidity; bifurcations, thresholds and tipping points; burst-in excitation or slow relaxation, and worlds of other asymptotic behaviour, hysteresis, and resistance to change. Chapters can be read individually by the reader with special interest in such behaviours of particular complex systems or in specific disciplinary perspectives. Read together, however, the case studies, opinion pieces, and meta-studies on MTS systems presented and analysed here combine to give the reader insights that are more than the sum of the book’s individual chapters, as surprising similarities become apparent in seemingly disparate and unconnected systems. MTS systems call into question naïve perceptions of time and complexity, moving beyond conventional ways of description, analysis, understanding, modelling, numerical prediction, and prescription of the worldaround us. This edited collection presents new ways of forecasting, introduces new means of control, and – perhaps as the most demanding task – it singles out a sustainable description of an MTS system under observation, offering a more nuanced interpretation of the floods of quantitative data and images made available by high- and low-frequency measurement tools in our unprecedented era of information flows.