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Nanoelectronics, Circuits and Communication Systems: Proceeding of NCCS 2018 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #642)
by J. K. Mandal Vijay NathThis book features selected papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Nanoelectronics, Circuits and Communication Systems (NCCS 2018). Covering topics such as MEMS and nanoelectronics, wireless communications, optical communications, instrumentation, signal processing, the Internet of Things, image processing, bioengineering, green energy, hybrid vehicles, environmental science, weather forecasting, cloud computing, renewable energy, RFID, CMOS sensors, actuators, transducers, telemetry systems, embedded systems, and sensor network applications in mines, it offers a valuable resource for young scholars, researchers, and academics alike.
Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy
by Stephen R. TaylorNanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy explores the exciting hunt for low frequency gravitational waves by using the extraordinary timing precision of pulsars. The book takes the reader on a tour across the expansive gravitational-wave landscape, from LIGO detections to the search for polarization patterns in the Cosmic Microwave Background, then hones in on the band of nanohertz frequencies that Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are sensitive to. Within this band may lie many pairs of the most massive black holes in the entire Universe, all radiating in chorus to produce a background of gravitational waves. The book shows how such extra-Galactic gravitational waves can alter the arrival times of radio pulses emanating from monitored Galactic pulsars, and how we can use the pattern of correlated timing deviations from many pulsars to tease out the elusive signal. The book takes a pragmatic approach to data analysis, explaining how it is performed in practice within classical and Bayesian statistics, as well as the numerous strategies one can use to optimize numerical Bayesian searches in PTA analyses. It closes with a complete discussion of the data model for nanohertz gravitational wave searches, and an overview of the past achievements, present efforts, and future prospects for PTAs.The book is accessible to upper division undergraduate students and graduate students of astronomy, and also serves as a useful desk reference for experts in the field. Key features: Contains a complete derivation of the pulsar timing response to gravitational waves, and the overlap reduction function for PTAs. Presents a comprehensive overview of source astrophysics, and the dynamical influences that shape the gravitational wave signals that PTAs are sensitive to. Serves as a detailed primer on gravitational-wave data analysis and numerical Bayesian techniques for PTAs.
Nanomaterials for Advanced Technologies
by Jitendra Kumar Katiyar Vinay Panwar Neha AhlawatThis book presents experimental as well as simulation methodologies for analysis and development of nanostructures for introducing the desirable effects through modifications in the basic structure of select nanomaterials. The initial chapters in this book focus on exploring the basic aspects of nanomaterials, e.g., distinguishing features, synthesis, processing, characterization, simulation and application dimensions, or nanostructures that enable novel/enhanced properties or functions. The chapters also cover the size-dependent electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of nanomaterials in exposing the specific properties essential for applications in nanophotonics, nanoplasmonics, nanosystems (e.g., biological, medical, chemical, catalytic, energy, and environmental applications), and nanodevices (e.g., electronic, photonic, magnetic, imaging, diagnostic, and sensor applications). This book is a useful resource for students, researchers, and technologists in gathering recent knowledge on novel nanostructures and their use in different application areas.
Nanoscale AFM and TEM Observations of Elementary Dislocation Mechanisms
by Jozef VeselýThis thesis addresses elementary dislocation processes occurring in single-crystalline alloys based on Fe-Al, and investigates correspondences between dislocation distribution inside crystals characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and surface patterns observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fe-Al alloys with different degrees of ordering were prepared and deformed in compression at ambient temperature in-situ inside the AFM device. The evolution of slip line structures was captured in the sequences of AFM images and wavy slip bands, while cross slip at the tip of the slip band and homogeneous fine slip lines were also identified. Further, the thesis develops a technique for constructing 3D representations of dislocations observed by TEM without the prohibitive difficulties of tomography, and creates 3D models of dislocation structures. Generally speaking, the thesis finds good agreement between AFM and TEM observations, confirming the value of AFM as a relevant tool for studying dislocations.
Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
by Ketul PopatAlthough nanotechnology applied to medicine has a potentially huge impact on drug delivery and tissue engineering, significant challenges need to be resolved before clinically viable nanomedicine or nanobiomedicine therapies will be available. Skillfully edited, with contributions from an expert panel of researchers, Referred to as "nanomedicine" or "nanobiomedicine," the application of nanotechnology to medicine can impact diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases, as well as the control and understanding of biological systems. Bringing together an unparalleled field of experts, this volume explores various aspects of nanotechnology and its applications in biomedical fields. The book uses an application-oriented approach to relate laboratory-based research to the development of technologies that are easily adaptable to an industry environment, focusing chiefly on drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
The Narrative Gym for Science Graduate Students and Postdocs: Using the ABT Framework for Proposals, Papers, Presentations, and Life in General
by Randy Olson Marlis Douglas Keisha BahrIt’s ABT Time: Science consists of equal parts research and communication, AND if you do a good job with communication then your research will reach its full impact, BUT communication can’t be mastered in a day, THEREFORE get thee to the Narrative Gym with this book! <p><p> What is the ABT? Only the most important communications tool you’ll ever need. It provides the core of narrative structure, which is what makes the difference between whether you bore or confuse an audience versus interest and engage them. The ABT is about the three forces of narrative (agreement, contradiction, consequence) which are embodied in the three words of the ABT (and, but, therefore). <P><P> In this short, simple, practical book three scientists present what they have learned about the use of the ABT with science graduate students and postdocs. It provides an introduction to the ABT with an explanation of how to apply it to everything from proposals, papers and presentations to your life in general.
Narratives of Motherhood and Mothering in Fiction and Life Writing (Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life)
by Helena Wahlström Henriksson Anna Williams Margaretha FahlgrenThis open access volume offers original essays on how motherhood and mothering are represented in contemporary fiction and life writing across several national contexts. Providing a broad range of perspectives in terms of geopolitical places, thematic concerns, and theoretical and interdisciplinary approaches, it demonstrates the significance of literary narratives for understanding and critiquing motherhood and mothering as social phenomena and subjective experiences. The chapters contextualize motherhood and mothering in terms of their particular national and cultural location and analyze narratives about mothers who are firmly placed in one national context, as well as those who are in “in-between” positions due to migrant experiences. The contributions foreground and link together the themes central to the volume: embodied experience and maternal embodiment; notions of what is “normal” or natural (or not) about motherhood; maternal health and illness; mother-daughter relations; maternality and memory; and the (im)possibilities of giving voice to the mother. They raise questions about how motherhood and mothering are marked by absence and/or presence, as well as by profound ambivalences.
NASCAR 123 (My First NASCAR Racing Series #1)
by Christopher JordanAn exciting new NASCAR series for the youngest of racing fans. Introduce your children to the early basic concepts through the exciting world of NASCAR in this officially licensed NASCAR series.
Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart (Princeton Studies in Global and Comparative Sociology)
by Andreas WimmerA new and comprehensive look at the reasons behind successful or failed nation buildingNation Building presents bold new answers to an age-old question. Why is national integration achieved in some diverse countries, while others are destabilized by political inequality between ethnic groups, contentious politics, or even separatism and ethnic war? Traversing centuries and continents from early nineteenth-century Europe and Asia to Africa from the turn of the twenty-first century to today, Andreas Wimmer delves into the slow-moving forces that encourage political alliances to stretch across ethnic divides and build national unity.Using datasets that cover the entire world and three pairs of case studies, Wimmer’s theory of nation building focuses on slow-moving, generational processes: the spread of civil society organizations, linguistic assimilation, and the states’ capacity to provide public goods. Wimmer contrasts Switzerland and Belgium to demonstrate how the early development of voluntary organizations enhanced nation building; he examines Botswana and Somalia to illustrate how providing public goods can bring diverse political constituencies together; and he shows that the differences between China and Russia indicate how a shared linguistic space may help build political alliances across ethnic boundaries.Wimmer then reveals, based on the statistical analysis of large-scale datasets, that these mechanisms are at work around the world and explain nation building better than competing arguments such as democratic governance or colonial legacies. He also shows that when political alliances crosscut ethnic divides and when most ethnic communities are represented at the highest levels of government, the general populace will identify with the nation and its symbols, further deepening national political integration.Offering a long-term historical perspective and global outlook, Nation Building sheds important new light on the challenges of political integration in diverse countries.
National 5 Lifeskills Maths: Practice Papers for SQA Exams
by Bob BarclayPractise for your SQA exams with three specially-commissioned Hodder Gibson Practice Exam Papers with fully-worked answers.- Practise with model papers written and checked by experienced markers and examiners- Worked answers show how answers are arrived at and where marks are gained- Get extra advice with study-skills guidance sections- Gain vital extra marks and avoid common mistakes with examiner tips- A revision grid allows revision by topic
National 5 Maths: Practice Papers for SQA Exams
by Mike SmithPractise for your SQA exams with three specially-commissioned Hodder Gibson Practice Exam Papers.- Practise with model papers written and checked by experienced markers and examiners- Get extra advice with specially-written study-skills guidance sections- Gain vital extra marks and avoid common mistakes with examiner tips
National 5 Maths with Answers, Second Edition
by David AlcornExam Board: SQALevel: National 5Subject: MathematicsFirst Teaching: September 2017First Exam: Summer 2018National 5 Maths Second Edition offers updated, rearranged and complete coverage of the SQA syllabus for the examination of the same name from 2017/18 onwards. - Provides thorough preparation for the exam, as revised for the updated syllabus.- Covers all the topics necessary for the revised examination.- Offers a suggested approach through all five sections (Number, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry and Statistics), flexibly structured so that teachers and students are also free to select alternative routes to suit individual needs.- Organised content makes it easy to plan, manage and monitor progress.- Each chapter consists of:>Worked Examples with explanatory notes showing how skills are applied >Practice Exercises that are graded to build confidence >Key Points that summarise key points and skills>Review Exercise that provides the opportunity to consolidate topics introduced in the chapter- Includes Revision Exercises, for non-calculator and calculator papers, provide opportunities to consolidate skills acquired during the course.- Exam Practice provides further questions in preparation for the extended examination(s) of the revised syllabus.
National Reflections on the Netherlands Didactics of Mathematics: Teaching and Learning in the Context of Realistic Mathematics Education (ICME-13 Monographs)
by Marja Van den Heuvel-PanhuizenThis open access book, inspired by the ICME 13 Thematic Afternoon on “European Didactic Traditions”, consists of 17 chapters, in which educators from the Netherlands reflect on the teaching and learning of mathematics in their country and the role of the Dutch domain-specific instruction theory of Realistic Mathematics Education.Written by mathematics teachers, mathematics teacher educators, school advisors, and developers and researchers in the field of instructional material, textbooks, and examinations, the book offers a multitude of perspectives on important issues in Dutch mathematics education, both at primary and secondary school levels. Topics addressed include the theoretical underpinnings of the Dutch approach, the subject of mathematics in the Dutch educational system, teacher education and testing, the history of mathematics education and the use of history in teaching of mathematics, changes over time in subject matter domains and in the use of technology, and the process of innovation and how the Dutch and in particular one Dutch institute have worked on the reform.
National Subcommissions of ICMI and their Role in the Reform of Mathematics Education (International Studies in the History of Mathematics and its Teaching)
by Alexander KarpICMI (or IMUK) was founded in 1908 and initiated the establishment of national subcommissions to launch national activities in response to the IMUK agenda and to promote the reform proposals within each member country.While ICMI’s activities were thoroughly studied, the activities of the national subcommissions are studied only very marginally. In the meantime, their work has been of major importance – both because of their role in exploring and documenting the development of mathematics education at the beginning of the 20th century, and because of the changes and new ideas which they brought to their countries. Importantly, even if some results of their activities were analyzed within their countries in the corresponding languages, almost nothing is known internationally. This book is planned to deepen our knowledge on at least some of the national subcommissions. The book will interest both researchers and others interested in mathematics education and its development.
Native American Mathematics
by Michael P. ClossThere is no question that native cultures in the New World exhibit many forms of mathematical development. This Native American mathematics can best be described by considering the nature of the concepts found in a variety of individual New World cultures. Unlike modern mathematics in which numbers and concepts are expressed in a universal mathematical notation, the numbers and concepts found in native cultures occur and are expressed in many distinctive ways. Native American Mathematics, edited by Michael P. Closs, is the first book to focus on mathematical development indigenous to the New World.<P><P>Spanning time from the prehistoric to the present, the thirteen essays in this volume attest to the variety of mathematical development present in the Americas. The data are drawn from cultures as diverse as the Ojibway, the Inuit (Eskimo), and the Nootka in the north; the Chumash of Southern California; the Aztec and the Maya in Mesoamerica; and the Inca and Jibaro of South America. Among the strengths of this collection are this diversity and the multidisciplinary approaches employed to extract different kinds of information. The distinguished contributors include mathematicians, linguists, psychologists, anthropologists, and archaeologists.
Natur und Zahl: Die Mathematisierbarkeit der Welt
by Bernulf KanitscheiderDie Mathematik hat sich seit dem Entstehen der modernen Naturwissenschaft im 16. Jh. als das entscheidende Erkenntnisinstrument erwiesen, so dass die Mathematisierung der Theorien eines Faches als Kriterium seiner Reife betrachtet wurde. Dennoch ist der Grund für diesen unerwarteten Anwendungserfolg immer dunkel geblieben. Warum lässt sich die materielle Natur mit dem geistigen Werkzeug der Zahlen und geometrischen Formen so perfekt erfassen? Diese Frage ist eng verknüpft mit dem ontologischen Status abstrakter Objekte: Wo sind sie beheimatet, in den Dingen als Strukturen, im Hintergrund als Ideen, oder sind sie nur Fiktionen? Die Hypothese dieses Buches folgt einer Idee von P.A.M. Dirac, der vermutete, dass die Natur eine innere mathematische Qualität besitzt.
Natural Computing for Simulation-Based Optimization and Beyond (SpringerBriefs in Operations Research)
by Silja Meyer-Nieberg Nadiia Leopold Tobias UhligThis SpringerBrief bridges the gap between the areas of simulation studies on the one hand, and optimization with natural computing on the other. Since natural computing methods have been applied with great success in several application areas, a review concerning potential benefits and pitfalls for simulation studies is merited. The brief presents such an overview and combines it with an introduction to natural computing and selected major approaches, as well as with a concise treatment of general simulation-based optimization. As such, it is the first review which covers both the methodological background and recent application cases. The brief is intended to serve two purposes: First, it can be used to gain more information concerning natural computing, its major dialects, and their usage for simulation studies. It also covers the areas of multi-objective optimization and neuroevolution. While the latter is only seldom mentioned in connection with simulation studies, it is a powerful potential technique. Second, the reader is provided with an overview of several areas of simulation-based optimization which range from logistic problems to engineering tasks. Additionally, the brief focuses on the usage of surrogate and meta-models. The brief presents recent application examples.
Natural Deduction, Hybrid Systems and Modal Logics
by Andrzej IndrzejczakThis book provides a detailed exposition of one of the most practical and popular methods of proving theorems in logic, called Natural Deduction. It is presented both historically and systematically. Also some combinations with other known proof methods are explored. The initial part of the book deals with Classical Logic, whereas the rest is concerned with systems for several forms of Modal Logics, one of the most important branches of modern logic, which has wide applicability.
Natural Element Method for the Simulation of Structures and Processes (Wiley-iste Ser.)
by Francisco Chinesta Serge Cescotto Elias Cueto Philippe LorongComputational mechanics is the discipline concerned with the use of computational methods to study phenomena governed by the principles of mechanics. Before the emergence of computational science (also called scientific computing) as a "third way" besides theoretical and experimental sciences, computational mechanics was widely considered to be a sub-discipline of applied mechanics. It is now considered to be a sub-discipline within computational science. This book presents a recent state of the art on the foundations and applications of the meshless natural element method in computational mechanics, including structural mechanics and material forming processes involving solids and Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
Natural Language Analytics with Generative Large-Language Models: A Practical Approach with Ollama and Open-Source LLMs (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Francisco S. Marcondes Adelino Gala Renata Magalhães Fernando Perez de Britto Dalila Durães Paulo NovaisThis book explores the application of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) for extracting and analyzing data from natural language artefacts. Unlike traditional uses of LLMs, such as translation and summarization, this book focuses on utilizing these models to convert unstructured text into data that can be processed through the data science pipeline to generate actionable insights. The content is designed for professionals in diverse fields including cognitive science, linguistics, management, and information systems. It combines insights from both industry and academia to provide a comprehensive understanding of how LLMs can be effectively used for natural language analytics (NLA). The book details practical methodologies for implementing LLMs locally using open-source tools, ensuring data privacy and feasibility without the need for expensive infrastructure. Key topics include interpretant, mindset and cultural analysis, emphasizing the use of LLMs to derive soft data—qualitative information crucial for nuanced decision-making. The text also outlines the technical aspects of LLMs, including their architecture, token embeddings, and the differences between encoder-based and decoder-based models. By providing a case study and practical examples, the authors show how LLMs can be used to meet various analytical needs, making this book a valuable resource for anyone looking to integrate advanced natural language processing techniques into their data analysis workflows.
Natural Language Generation
by Ehud ReiterIn late 2022, the prominence of Natural Language Generation (NLG) surged with the advent of advanced language models like ChatGPT. While these developments have captivated both academic and commercial sectors, the focus has predominantly been on the latest innovations, often overlooking the rich history and foundational work in NLG. This book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NLG, encompassing not only language models but also alternative approaches, user requirements, evaluation methods, safety and testing protocols, and practical applications. Drawing on decades of NLG research, the book is designed to be a valuable resource for both researchers and developers, offering insights that remain relevant far beyond the current technological landscape. Natural Language Generation focuses on data-to-text but also looks at other types of NLG including text summarization. The book takes a holistic approach to NLG, looking at requirements (what users are looking for), design, data issues, testing, evaluation, safety and ethical issues as well as technology. The holistic approach is unique to this book and is very valuable for people building real-world NLG systems, and for academics and researchers who are interested in applied NLG. The author, who previously co-authored a seminal NLG book in 2000, emphasizes high-level concepts and methodologies, ensuring the material's longevity and utility. The book is structured to balance technical depth with practical relevance, including chapters on rule-based and neural NLG approaches, user requirements, rigorous evaluation techniques, and safety considerations. Real-world applications, particularly in journalism, business intelligence, summarization, and medicine, are explored to illustrate NLG's potential and scalability. With personal anecdotes and examples from the author's experiences, this book provides a unique and engaging perspective on the evolving field of NLG, making it an indispensable guide for those looking to harness the power of language generation technologies.
Natural Language Processing: A Textbook with Python Implementation
by Raymond LeeThis textbook provides a contemporary and comprehensive overview of Natural Language Processing (NLP), covering fundamental concepts, core algorithms, and key applications such as AI chatbots, Large Language Models and Generative AI. Additionally, it includes seven step-by-step NLP workshops, totaling 14 hours, that offer hands-on practice with essential Python tools, including NLTK, spaCy, TensorFlow, Keras, Transformers, and BERT. The objective of this book is to provide readers with a fundamental grasp of NLP and its core technologies, and to enable them to build their own NLP applications (e.g. Chatbot systems) using Python-based NLP tools. It is both a textbook and NLP tool-book intended for the following readers: undergraduate students from various disciplines who want to learn NLP; lecturers and tutors who want to teach courses or tutorials for undergraduate/graduate students on NLP and related AI topics; and readers with various backgrounds who want to learn NLP, and more importantly, to build workable NLP applications after completing its 14 hours of Python-based workshops.
Natural Language Processing and Applications
by Huaping Zhang Jianyun ShangThis book gives a comprehensive introduction to natural language processing (NLP) and its applications, covering the topics of multimodal data processing, Chinese word segmentation, new word discovery, named entity recognition, keyword analysis, and knowledge graph construction in terms of semantic analysis. The inaugural chapter provides an overview of NLP, and the subsequent chapters delve into the foundations of artificial intelligence, covering traditional deep learning algorithms and platforms. The book then evolves to showcase the latest advancements in deep learning, addressing bottlenecks and unfolding developments from data-oriented, training-oriented, and application-oriented perspectives. Part II of the book navigates the practical applications of intelligent language processing. From web crawlers and multi-format document parsing to speech text recognition, readers gain insights into real-world scenarios. Each chapter provides examples and analyses, empowering readers to bridge theoretical knowledge with hands-on application, unlocking the transformative potential of AI through intelligent language processing. This book serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, graduate students, and undergraduates in the field of natural language processing. Additionally, it offers valuable insights as a reference for engineers, technicians, and enthusiasts interested in the realm of big data intelligence. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.
Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing: 8th CCF International Conference, NLPCC 2019, Dunhuang, China, October 9–14, 2019, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11839)
by Jie Tang Min-Yen Kan Dongyan Zhao Sujian Li Hongying ZanThis two-volume set of LNAI 11838 and LNAI 11839 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2019, held in Dunhuang, China, in October 2019. The 85 full papers and 56 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 492 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Conversational Bot/QA/IR; Knowledge graph/IE; Machine Learning for NLP; Machine Translation; NLP Applications; NLP for Social Network; NLP Fundamentals; Text Mining; Short Papers; Explainable AI Workshop; Student Workshop: Evaluation Workshop.
Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing: 8th CCF International Conference, NLPCC 2019, Dunhuang, China, October 9–14, 2019, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11838)
by Jie Tang Min-Yen Kan Dongyan Zhao Sujian Li Hongying ZanThis two-volume set of LNAI 11838 and LNAI 11839 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2019, held in Dunhuang, China, in October 2019. The 85 full papers and 56 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 492 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Conversational Bot/QA/IR; Knowledge graph/IE; Machine Learning for NLP; Machine Translation; NLP Applications; NLP for Social Network; NLP Fundamentals; Text Mining; Short Papers; Explainable AI Workshop; Student Workshop: Evaluation Workshop.