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Optimal Learning
by Warren B. Powell Ilya O. RyzhovLearn the science of collecting information to make effective decisionsEveryday decisions are made without the benefit of accurate information. Optimal Learning develops the needed principles for gathering information to make decisions, especially when collecting information is time-consuming and expensive. Designed for readers with an elementary background in probability and statistics, the book presents effective and practical policies illustrated in a wide range of applications, from energy, homeland security, and transportation to engineering, health, and business.This book covers the fundamental dimensions of a learning problem and presents a simple method for testing and comparing policies for learning. Special attention is given to the knowledge gradient policy and its use with a wide range of belief models, including lookup table and parametric and for online and offline problems. Three sections develop ideas with increasing levels of sophistication:Fundamentals explores fundamental topics, including adaptive learning, ranking and selection, the knowledge gradient, and bandit problemsExtensions and Applications features coverage of linear belief models, subset selection models, scalar function optimization, optimal bidding, and stopping problems Advanced Topics explores complex methods including simulation optimization, active learning in mathematical programming, and optimal continuous measurementsEach chapter identifies a specific learning problem, presents the related, practical algorithms for implementation, and concludes with numerous exercises. A related website features additional applications and downloadable software, including MATLAB and the Optimal Learning Calculator, a spreadsheet-based package that provides an introduction to learning and a variety of policies for learning.
Optimal Lightweight Construction Principles
by Federico Maria Ballo Massimiliano Gobbi Giampiero Mastinu Giorgio PreviatiThis book presents simple design paradigms related to lightweight design, that are derived from an in-depth and theoretically sound analysis based on Pareto theory. It uses numerous examples, including torsion and inflated tubes, to fully explain the theories discussed. Lightweight Construction Principles begins by defining terms in relation to engineering design and optimal design of complex mechanical systems. It then discusses the analytical derivation of the Pareto-optimal set, before applying analytical formulae to optimal design of bent beams. The book moves through numerous case studies of different beam and tube construction including beams subject to bending, thin walled tubes under torsion and truss structures. This book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the field of structural optimisation and multi-objective optimization, as well as to practitioners such as design engineers.
Optimal Measurement Methods for Distributed Parameter System Identification
by Dariusz UcinskiFor dynamic distributed systems modeled by partial differential equations, existing methods of sensor location in parameter estimation experiments are either limited to one-dimensional spatial domains or require large investments in software systems. With the expense of scanning and moving sensors, optimal placement presents a critical problem.
Optimal Operation and Control of Power Systems Using an Algebraic Modelling Language (Green Energy and Technology)
by Nnamdi Nwulu Saheed Lekan GbadamosiThis book presents mathematical models of demand-side management programs, together with operational and control problems for power and renewable energy systems. It reflects the need for optimal operation and control of today’s electricity grid at both the supply and demand spectrum of the grid. This need is further compounded by the advent of smart grids, which has led to increased customer/consumer participation in power and renewable energy system operations. The book begins by giving an overview of power and renewable energy systems, demand-side management programs and algebraic modeling languages. The overview includes detailed consideration of appliance scheduling algorithms, price elasticity matrices and demand response incentives. Furthermore, the book presents various power system operational and control mathematical formulations, incorporating demand-side management programs. The mathematical formulations developed are modeled and solved using the Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modeling System (AIMMS) software, which offers a powerful yet simple algebraic modeling language for solving optimization problems. The book is extremely useful for all power system operators and planners who are concerned with optimal operational procedures for managing today’s complex grids, a context in which customers are active participants and can curb/control their demand. The book details how AIMMS can be a useful tool in optimizing power grids and also offers a valuable research aid for students and academics alike.
Optimal Power Flow Using FACTS Devices: Soft Computing Techniques
by L. Ashok Kumar K. Mohana SundaramOptimal Power Flow Using FACTS Devices: Soft Computing Techniques develops intelligent algorithms to analyze optimal power flow (OPF) and to enhance the power transfer capability of the transmission line with reduced congestion. By providing elaborate studies on FACTS devices and by using soft computing metaheuristics algorithms such as Firefly, Cuckoo, Flower Pollination, and others., this book enables readers to know about algorithms in real-time power system applications and damping of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) oscillations. Key features of this book include: Offers comprehensive review of FACTS devices and the importance of soft computing techniques for solving OPF. Describes the various problems associated with power system operation and control. Addresses issues of SSR in power systems and proposes soft techniques for SSR analysis in power systems. Demonstrates of the importance of SSR and congestion management using intelligent FACTS devices as part of OPF. Covers power systems’ reliability, quality, cost-effectiveness, effects on customer goodwill, and pollution limits, including the deregulation of markets and different intelligent controllers. Optimal Power Flow Using FACTS Devices: Soft Computing Techniques is aimed at researchers and professionals in the field of power systems.
Optimal Quantification and Symmetry (Behaviormetrics: Quantitative Approaches to Human Behavior #12)
by Shizuhiko NishisatoThis book offers a unique new look at the familiar quantification theory from the point of view of mathematical symmetry and spatial symmetry. Symmetry exists in many aspects of our life—for instance, in the arts and biology as an ingredient of beauty and equilibrium, and more importantly, for data analysis as an indispensable representation of functional optimality. This unique focus on symmetry clarifies the objectives of quantification theory and the demarcation of quantification space, something that has never caught the attention of researchers.Mathematical symmetry is well known, as can be inferred from Hirschfeld’s simultaneous linear regressions, but spatial symmetry has not been discussed before, except for what one may infer from Nishisato’s dual scaling. The focus on symmetry here clarifies the demarcation of quantification analysis and makes it easier to understand such a perennial problem as that of joint graphical display in quantification theory. The new framework will help advance the frontier of further developments of quantification theory. Many numerical examples are included to clarify the details of quantification theory, with a focus on symmetry as its operational principle. In this way, the book is useful not only for graduate students but also for researchers in diverse areas of data analysis.
Optimal Reference Shaping for Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications
by Tarunraj SinghIntegrating feedforward control with feedback control can significantly improve the performance of control systems compared to using feedback control alone. Focusing on feedforward control techniques, Optimal Reference Shaping for Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications lucidly covers the various algorithms for attenuating residual oscillations
Optimal Resource Allocation
by Igor A. UshakovA UNIQUE ENGINEERING AND STATISTICAL APPROACH TO OPTIMAL RESOURCE ALLOCATIONOptimal Resource Allocation: With Practical Statistical Applications and Theory features the application of probabilistic and statistical methods used in reliability engineering during the different phases of life cycles of technical systems.Bridging the gap between reliability engineering and applied mathematics, the book outlines different approaches to optimal resource allocation and various applications of models and algorithms for solving real-world problems. In addition, the fundamental background on optimization theory and various illustrative numerical examples are provided. The book also features:An overview of various approaches to optimal resource allocation, from classical Lagrange methods to modern algorithms based on ideas of evolution in biologyNumerous exercises and case studies from a variety of areas, including communications, transportation, energy transmission, and counterterrorism protectionThe applied methods of optimization with various methods of optimal redundancy problem solutions as well as the numerical examples and statistical methods needed to solve the problemsPractical thoughts, opinions, and judgments on real-world applications of reliability theory and solves practical problems using mathematical models and algorithmsOptimal Resource Allocation is a must-have guide for electrical, mechanical, and reliability engineers dealing with engineering design and optimal reliability problems. In addition, the book is excellent for graduate and PhD-level courses in reliability theory and optimization.
Optimal Search for Moving Targets
by Lawrence D. Stone Johannes O. Royset Alan R. WashburnThisbook begins with a review of basic results in optimal search for a stationarytarget. It then develops the theory of optimal search for a moving target,providing algorithms for computing optimal plans and examples of their use. Next it develops methods for computing optimal search plans involving multipletargets and multiple searchers with realistic operational constraints on searchmovement. These results assume that the target does not react to the search. Inthe final chapter there is a brief overview of mostly military problems wherethe target tries to avoid being found as well as rescue or rendezvous problemswhere the target and the searcher cooperate. Larry Stone wrote his definitive book Theory of Optimal Search in1975, dealing almost exclusively with the stationary target search problem. Since then the theory has advanced to encompass search for targets that moveeven as the search proceeds, and computers have developed sufficient capabilityto employ the improved theory. In this book, Stone joins Royset and Washburn todocument and explain this expanded theory of search. The problem of how tosearch for moving targets arises every day in military, rescue, lawenforcement, and border patrol operations.
Optimal Social Influence (SpringerBriefs in Optimization)
by Weili Wu Wen XuThis self-contained book describes social influence from a computational point of view, with a focus on recent and practical applications, models, algorithms and open topics for future research. Researchers, scholars, postgraduates and developers interested in research on social networking and the social influence related issues will find this book useful and motivating. The latest research on social computing is presented along with and illustrations on how to understand and manipulate social influence for knowledge discovery by applying various data mining techniques in real world scenarios. Experimental reports, survey papers, models and algorithms with specific optimization problems are depicted. The main topics covered in this book are: chrematistics of social networks, modeling of social influence propagation, popular research problems in social influence analysis such as influence maximization, rumor blocking, rumor source detection, and multiple social influence competing.
Optimal Statistical Inference in Financial Engineering
by Masanobu Taniguchi Junichi Hirukawa Kenichiro TamakiUntil now, few systematic studies of optimal statistical inference for stochastic processes had existed in the financial engineering literature, even though this idea is fundamental to the field. Balancing statistical theory with data analysis, Optimal Statistical Inference in Financial Engineering examines how stochastic models can effectively des
Optimal Stochastic Control Schemes within a Structural Reliability Framework
by Bernt J. LeiraThe book addresses the topic of on-line implementation of structural and mechanical design criteria as an explicit part of optimal control schemes. The intention of the present research monograph is to reflect recent developments within this area. Examples of application of relevant control algorithms are included to illustrate their practical implementation. These examples are mainly taken from the area of marine technology with the multi-component external loading being represented as both varying in time and with magnitudes that are represented as statistical quantities. The relevant target group will be mechanical and structural engineers that are concerned with "smart components and structures" where optimal design principles and control actuators are combined. The book is also relevant for engineers e. g. involved in mechatronics and control applications.
Optimal Stochastic Control, Stochastic Target Problems, and Backward SDE
by Nizar TouziThis book collects some recent developments in stochastic control theory with applications to financial mathematics. We first address standard stochastic control problems from the viewpoint of the recently developed weak dynamic programming principle. A special emphasis is put on the regularity issues and, in particular, on the behavior of the value function near the boundary. We then provide a quick review of the main tools from viscosity solutions which allow to overcome all regularity problems. We next address the class of stochastic target problems which extends in a nontrivial way the standard stochastic control problems. Here the theory of viscosity solutions plays a crucial role in the derivation of the dynamic programming equation as the infinitesimal counterpart of the corresponding geometric dynamic programming equation. The various developments of this theory have been stimulated by applications in finance and by relevant connections with geometric flows. Namely, the second order extension was motivated by illiquidity modeling, and the controlled loss version was introduced following the problem of quantile hedging. The third part specializes to an overview of Backward stochastic differential equations, and their extensions to the quadratic case.
Optimal Strategies in Sports Economics and Management
by Panos M. Pardalos Jaime Gil-Lafuente Sergiy ButenkoThis volume presents original contributions from renowned researchers in sports economics, management, and optimization.The book discusses up-to-date developments in several topics, including resource allocation strategies in sports industry, impact of the financial crisis on professional sports around the world, fairness in sports competitions, and optimization-based gambling strategies. "Optimal Strategies in Sports Economics and Management" will be of interest not only to students, researchers and practitioners involved with the sports industry, but also to the general public interested in sports such as soccer, hockey, American football, basketball, golf, and jai alai.
Optimal Surface Fitting of Point Clouds Using Local Refinement: Application to GIS Data (SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences)
by Tor Dokken Gaël Kermarrec Vibeke SkyttThis open access book provides insights into the novel Locally Refined B-spline (LR B-spline) surface format, which is suited for representing terrain and seabed data in a compact way. It provides an alternative to the well know raster and triangulated surface representations. An LR B-spline surface has an overall smooth behavior and allows the modeling of local details with only a limited growth in data volume. In regions where many data points belong to the same smooth area, LR B-splines allow a very lean representation of the shape by locally adapting the resolution of the spline space to the size and local shape variations of the region. The iterative method can be modified to improve the accuracy in particular domains of a point cloud. The use of statistical information criterion can help determining the optimal threshold, the number of iterations to perform as well as some parameters of the underlying mathematical functions (degree of the splines, parameter representation). The resulting surfaces are well suited for analysis and computing secondary information such as contour curves and minimum and maximum points. Also deformation analysis are potential applications of fitting point clouds with LR B-splines.
Optimal Traffic Control: Urban Intersections
by Slobodan Guberinic Gordana Senborn Bratislav LazicDespite traffic circles, four-way stop signs, lights regulated by timers or sensors, and other methods, the management of urban intersections remains problematic. Consider that transportation systems have all the features of so-called complex systems: the great number of state and control variables, the presence of uncertainty and indeterminism, th
Optimal Trajectory Tracking of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
by Jakob LöberBy establishing an alternative foundation of control theory, this thesis represents a significant advance in the theory of control systems, of interest to a broad range of scientists and engineers. While common control strategies for dynamical systems center on the system state as the object to be controlled, the approach developed here focuses on the state trajectory. The concept of precisely realizable trajectories identifies those trajectories that can be accurately achieved by applying appropriate control signals. The resulting simple expressions for the control signal lend themselves to immediate application in science and technology. The approach permits the generalization of many well-known results from the control theory of linear systems, e. g. the Kalman rank condition to nonlinear systems. The relationship between controllability, optimal control and trajectory tracking are clarified. Furthermore, the existence of linear structures underlying nonlinear optimal control is revealed, enabling the derivation of exact analytical solutions to an entire class of nonlinear optimal trajectory tracking problems. The clear and self-contained presentation focuses on a general and mathematically rigorous analysis of controlled dynamical systems. The concepts developed are visualized with the help of particular dynamical systems motivated by physics and chemistry.
Optimal Transport and Applications to Geometric Optics (SpringerBriefs on PDEs and Data Science)
by Cristian E. GutiérrezThis book concerns the theory of optimal transport (OT) and its applications to solving problems in geometric optics. It is a self-contained presentation including a detailed analysis of the Monge problem, the Monge-Kantorovich problem, the transshipment problem, and the network flow problem. A chapter on Monge-Ampère measures is included containing also exercises. A detailed analysis of the Wasserstein metric is also carried out. For the applications to optics, the book describes the necessary background concerning light refraction, solving both far-field and near-field refraction problems, and indicates lines of current research in this area. Researchers in the fields of mathematical analysis, optimal transport, partial differential equations (PDEs), optimization, and optics will find this book valuable. It is also suitable for graduate students studying mathematics, physics, and engineering. The prerequisites for this book include a solid understanding of measure theory and integration, as well as basic knowledge of functional analysis.
Optimal Transport for Applied Mathematicians
by Filippo SantambrogioThis monograph presents a rigorous mathematical introduction to optimal transport as a variational problem, its use in modeling various phenomena, and its connections with partial differential equations. Its main goal is to provide the reader with the techniques necessary to understand the current research in optimal transport and the tools which are most useful for its applications. Full proofs are used to illustrate mathematical concepts and each chapter includes a section that discusses applications of optimal transport to various areas, such as economics, finance, potential games, image processing and fluid dynamics. Several topics are covered that have never been previously in books on this subject, such as the Knothe transport, the properties of functionals on measures, the Dacorogna-Moser flow, the formulation through minimal flows with prescribed divergence formulation, the case of the supremal cost, and the most classical numerical methods. Graduate students and researchers in both pure and applied mathematics interested in the problems and applications of optimal transport will find this to be an invaluable resource.
Optimal Transport on Quantum Structures (Bolyai Society Mathematical Studies #29)
by Jan Maas Simone Rademacher Tamás Titkos Dániel VirosztekThe flourishing theory of classical optimal transport concerns mass transportation at minimal cost. This book introduces the reader to optimal transport on quantum structures, i.e., optimal transportation between quantum states and related non-commutative concepts of mass transportation. It contains lecture notes on classical optimal transport and Wasserstein gradient flowsdynamics and quantum optimal transportquantum couplings and many-body problemsquantum channels and qubits These notes are based on lectures given by the authors at the "Optimal Transport on Quantum Structures" School held at the Erdös Center in Budapest in the fall of 2022. The lecture notes are complemented by two survey chapters presenting the state of the art in different research areas of non-commutative optimal transport.
Optimale und adaptive Regelung technischer Systeme: Mathematische Grundlagen, praktisch relevante Beispiele und numerische Simulationen mit MATLAB®
by Anton BraunDieses Buch verschafft dem interessierten Leser an Hochschulen und Universitäten eine ideale Einführung in das anspruchsvolle Gebiet der optimalen Steuerung und Regelung dynamischer Systeme. Darüber hinaus werden dem Studierenden in einem separaten Kapitel die modernen Methoden der adaptiven Regelung technischer Prozesse nahegebracht, die vor allem für künftige Anwendungen von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Im Interesse eines möglichst bequemen Einstiegs in die zweifellos komplexe Materie bietet das Buch einen erschöpfenden Abriss der notwendigen mathematischen Grundlagen sowie zum Verständnis der diversen Kapitel eine Fülle praktisch relevanter Beispiele, untermauert mit den Methoden der aktuellen digitalen Simulationstechnik.
Optimality Conditions in Convex Optimization: A Finite-Dimensional View
by Joydeep Dutta Anulekha DharaOptimality Conditions in Convex Optimization explores an important and central issue in the field of convex optimization: optimality conditions. It brings together the most important and recent results in this area that have been scattered in the literature-notably in the area of convex analysis-essential in developing many of the important results
Optimierung in C++: Grundlagen und Algorithmen
by Claus RichterDie Optimierung ist einer der bedeutendsten Zweige der Mathematik mit weitreichenden Anwendungen in der Statistik, Physik, Meteorologie bis hin zur Wirtschaft und Unternehmensforschung. Ziel der Optimierung ist eine Minimierung oder Maximierung der im jeweiligen System relevanten Parameter unter einschrankenden Nebenbedingungen. Praxisbezogen fuhrt Claus Richter in die Algorithmen der Optimierung ein. Einsteiger und Fortgeschrittene werden gleicherma?en auf den heutigen Stand der Dinge gebracht. In klaren Schritten umrei?t der Autor die Grundlagen dieses Gebietes, beginnend mit Definitionen und Optimalitatsbedingungen, um sich dann direkt an den C++-Programmierer zu wenden. Der notige mathematische Apparat, die verwendete Programmiersprache C++ und ihre Klassen werden vorgestellt. Damit stellt der Autor ein einheitliches Niveau her und wird so einer breiten Leserschaft gerecht. Im Folgenden werden 20 Verfahren der linearen, quadratischen und nichtlinearen Optimierung behandelt und dem Anwender nahergebracht. Jeder Algorithmus wird im Aufbau erlautert und an einem konkreten Beispiel demonstriert. Funf weitere Kapitel widmen sich anwendungsbezogenen Sachverhalten, u.a. der Parameteridentifikation, optimalen Steuerung und Strukturoptimierung. Durch die Bereitstellung der diskutierten Algorithmen und Beispiele als C++-Klassen gewahrleistet das Buch einen optimalen Einstieg in die Optimierung.
Optimierung mechanischer Strukturen
by Axel SchumacherZiel des Buches ist es, die notwendigen Kenntnisse für den effizienten Einsatz von mathematischen Optimierungsverfahren in der Strukturauslegung von Bauteilen zu vermitteln. Der Autor bezieht die neuesten Entwicklungen und Anwendungsbereiche auf dem Gebiet der Optimierung ein.
Optimierung mechanischer Strukturen: Grundlagen und industrielle Anwendungen
by Axel SchumacherZiel des Buches ist es, die notwendigen Kenntnisse für den effizienten Einsatz von mathematischen Optimierungsverfahren in der Strukturauslegung von Bauteilen zu vermitteln. Der Autor bezieht die neuesten Entwicklungen und Anwendungsbereiche auf dem Gebiet der Optimierung ein.