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On the Geometry of Some Special Projective Varieties
by Francesco RussoProviding an introduction to both classical and modern techniques in projective algebraic geometry, this monograph treats the geometrical properties of varieties embedded in projective spaces, their secant and tangent lines, the behavior of tangent linear spaces, the algebro-geometric and topological obstructions to their embedding into smaller projective spaces, and the classification of extremal cases. It also provides a solution of Hartshorne's Conjecture on Complete Intersections for the class of quadratic manifolds and new short proofs of previously known results, using the modern tools of Mori Theory and of rationally connected manifolds. The new approach to some of the problems considered can be resumed in the principle that, instead of studying a special embedded manifold uniruled by lines, one passes to analyze the original geometrical property on the manifold of lines passing through a general point and contained in the manifold. Once this embedded manifold, usually of lower codimension, is classified, one tries to reconstruct the original manifold, following a principle appearing also in other areas of geometry such as projective differential geometry or complex geometry.
On the Higher-Order Sheffer Orthogonal Polynomial Sequences
by Daniel J. GaliffaOn the Higher-Order Sheffer Orthogonal Polynomial Sequences sheds light on the existence/non-existence of B-Type 1 orthogonal polynomials. This book presents a template for analyzing potential orthogonal polynomial sequences including additional higher-order Sheffer classes. This text not only shows that there are no OPS for the special case the B-Type 1 class, but that there are no orthogonal polynomial sequences for the general B-Type 1 class as well. Moreover, it is quite provocative how the seemingly subtle transition from the B-Type 0 class to the B-Type 1 class leads to a drastically more difficult characterization problem. Despite this issue, a procedure is established that yields a definite answer to our current characterization problem, which can also be extended to various other characterization problems as well. Accessible to undergraduate students in the mathematical sciences and related fields, This book functions as an important reference work regarding the Sheffer sequences. The author takes advantage of Mathematica 7 to display unique detailed code and increase the reader's understanding of the implementation of Mathematica 7 and facilitate further experimentation. In addition, this book provides an excellent example of how packages like Mathematica 7 can be used to derive rigorous mathematical results.
On the Hypotheses Which Lie at the Bases of Geometry
by Bernhard Riemannjürgen JostThis book presents William Clifford's English translation of BernhardRiemann's classic text together with detailed mathematical, historical andphilosophical commentary. The basic concepts and ideas, as well as theirmathematical background, are provided, putting Riemann's reasoning into themore general and systematic perspective achieved by later mathematicians andphysicists (including Helmholtz, Ricci, Weyl, and Einstein) on the basis of hisseminal ideas. Following a historical introduction that positions Riemann's workin the context of his times, the history of the concept of space in philosophy,physics and mathematics is systematically presented. A subsequent chapter onthe reception and influence of the text accompanies the reader from Riemann's timesto contemporary research. Notonly mathematicians and historians of the mathematical sciences, but alsoreaders from other disciplines or those with an interest in physics orphilosophy will find this work both appealing and insightful.
On-the-Job Math Mysteries: Real-Life Math From Exciting Careers (Grades 4-8)
by Marya Washington TylerThe author of the best-selling Real Life Math Mysteries offers students more close encounters with engaging professionals! After working through the math problems encountered on the job, your students will have no doubt about the absolute importance of math in the real world. Just like a field trip, but a lot more practical, this book takes students out into the field where they count fish, direct air traffic, carve a totem pole, write software code, care for orphaned sea creatures, recover sunken valuables, mush dogs, salvage timber, feed the homeless, film wildlife, and a lot more.The math problems are tied to NCTM standards, and students will use skills such as selecting an operation, determining place value, using fractions and decimals, working with geometry, applying measurement skills, estimating, and recording and analyzing data to solve them. Each set of problems is presented on separate reproducible worksheets, and the book includes a list of skills and comprehensive answer key.Working with the engaging and diverse mathematics presented here, students will see exactly what is at stake in problem solving, why mathematics is essential, and why accuracy matters. The light will go on for your students as they see that mathematical skills are essential to following their dreams.Grades 4-8
On the Learnability of Physically Unclonable Functions (T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services)
by Fatemeh GanjiThis book addresses the issue of Machine Learning (ML) attacks on Integrated Circuits through Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). It provides the mathematical proofs of the vulnerability of various PUF families, including Arbiter, XOR Arbiter, ring-oscillator, and bistable ring PUFs, to ML attacks. To achieve this goal, it develops a generic framework for the assessment of these PUFs based on two main approaches. First, with regard to the inherent physical characteristics, it establishes fit-for-purpose mathematical representations of the PUFs mentioned above, which adequately reflect the physical behavior of these primitives. To this end, notions and formalizations that are already familiar to the ML theory world are reintroduced in order to give a better understanding of why, how, and to what extent ML attacks against PUFs can be feasible in practice. Second, the book explores polynomial time ML algorithms, which can learn the PUFs under the appropriate representation. More importantly, in contrast to previous ML approaches, the framework presented here ensures not only the accuracy of the model mimicking the behavior of the PUF, but also the delivery of such a model. Besides off-the-shelf ML algorithms, the book applies a set of algorithms hailing from the field of property testing, which can help to evaluate the security of PUFs. They serve as a “toolbox”, from which PUF designers and manufacturers can choose the indicators most relevant for their requirements. Last but not least, on the basis of learning theory concepts, the book explicitly states that the PUF families cannot be considered as an ultimate solution to the problem of insecure ICs. As such, it provides essential insights into both academic research on and the design and manufacturing of PUFs.
On the Logos: A Naïve View on Ordinary Reasoning and Fuzzy Logic (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #354)
by Enric TrillasThis book offers an inspiring and naïve view on language and reasoning. It presents a new approach to ordinary reasoning that follows the author’s former work on fuzzy logic. Starting from a pragmatic scientific view on meaning as a quantity, and the common sense reasoning from a primitive notion of inference, which is shared by both laypeople and experts, the book shows how this can evolve, through the addition of more and more suppositions, into various formal and specialized modes of precise, imprecise, and approximate reasoning. The logos are intended here as a synonym for rationality, which is usually shown by the processes of questioning, guessing, telling, and computing. Written in a discursive style and without too many technicalities, the book presents a number of reflections on the study of reasoning, together with a new perspective on fuzzy logic and Zadeh’s “computing with words” grounded in both language and reasoning. It also highlights some mathematical developments supporting this view. Lastly, it addresses a series of questions aimed at fostering new discussions and future research into this topic. All in all, this book represents an inspiring read for professors and researchers in computer science, and fuzzy logic in particular, as well as for psychologists, linguists and philosophers.
On the Mathematics of Modelling, Metamodelling, Ontologies and Modelling Languages
by Brian Henderson-SellersComputing as a discipline is maturing rapidly. However, with maturity often comes a plethora of subdisciplines, which, as time progresses, can become isolationist. The subdisciplines of modelling, metamodelling, ontologies and modelling languages within software engineering e.g. have, to some degree, evolved separately and without any underpinning formalisms. Introducing set theory as a consistent underlying formalism, Brian Henderson-Sellers shows how a coherent framework can be developed that clearly links these four, previously separate, areas of software engineering. In particular, he shows how the incorporation of a foundational ontology can be beneficial in resolving a number of controversial issues in conceptual modelling, especially with regard to the perceived differences between linguistic metamodelling and ontological metamodelling. An explicit consideration of domain-specific modelling languages is also included in his mathematical analysis of models, metamodels, ontologies and modelling languages. This encompassing and detailed presentation of the state-of-the-art in modelling approaches mainly aims at researchers in academia and industry. They will find the principled discussion of the various subdisciplines extremely useful, and they may exploit the unifying approach as a starting point for future research.
On the Measurement of Social Phenomena: A Methodological Approach (SpringerBriefs in Political Science)
by Marco DelmastroThis book explores the analysis of social phenomena, using a multidisciplinary approach while addressing statistical, economic, sociological, as well as psychological issues.The author presents a detailed account of the procedures and techniques used to gather, process, and analyze data. Topics covered include, but are not limited to survey data, content analysis data, data visualization, as well as data about crimes.The book addresses this methodological framework that drives applied social sciences in an applicative and simple way, by analyzing key social phenomena such as the threats to journalism, the so-called chilling effect, and the market for news. Finally, the author examines the data and measures of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.This book is a must-read for everybody interested in a better understanding of the methodological analysis of social phenomena, social and political methodology, and applied science in general.
On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-U.S. Migration
by Filiz GaripWhy do Mexicans migrate to the United States? Is there a typical Mexican migrant? Beginning in the 1970s, survey data indicated that the average migrant was a young, unmarried man who was poor, undereducated, and in search of better employment opportunities. This is the general view that most Americans still hold of immigrants from Mexico. On the Move argues that not only does this view of Mexican migrants reinforce the stereotype of their undesirability, but it also fails to capture the true diversity of migrants from Mexico and their evolving migration patterns over time.Using survey data from over 145,000 Mexicans and in-depth interviews with nearly 140 Mexicans, Filiz Garip reveals a more accurate picture of Mexico-U.S migration. In the last fifty years there have been four primary waves: a male-dominated migration from rural areas in the 1960s and '70s, a second migration of young men from socioeconomically more well-off families during the 1980s, a migration of women joining spouses already in the United States in the late 1980s and '90s, and a generation of more educated, urban migrants in the late 1990s and early 2000s. For each of these four stages, Garip examines the changing variety of reasons for why people migrate and migrants' perceptions of their opportunities in Mexico and the United States. Looking at Mexico-U.S. migration during the last half century, On the Move uncovers the vast mechanisms underlying the flow of people moving between nations.
On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: Confederated International Conferences: CoopIS, ODBASE, C&TC 2019, Rhodes, Greece, October 21–25, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11877)
by Christophe Debruyne Hervé Panetto Robert Meersman Claudio Agostino Ardagna Dave Lewis Martin HeppThis volume LNCS 11877 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Confederated International Conferences: Cooperative Information Systems, CoopIS 2019, Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics, ODBASE 2019, and Cloud and Trusted Computing, C&TC, held as part of OTM 2019 in October 2019 in Rhodes, Greece. The 38 full papers presented together with 8 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 156 submissions. The OTM program every year covers data and Web semantics, distributed objects, Web services, databases, informationsystems, enterprise workflow and collaboration, ubiquity, interoperability, mobility, grid and high-performance computing.
On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems. OTM 2017 Conferences: Confederated International Conferences: CoopIS, C&TC, and ODBASE 2017, Rhodes, Greece, October 23-27, 2017, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10574)
by Hervé Panetto, Christophe Debruyne, Walid Gaaloul, Mike Papazoglou, Adrian Paschke, Claudio Agostino Ardagna and Robert MeersmanThis double volumes LNCS 10573-10574 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Confederated International Conferences: Cooperative Information Systems, CoopIS 2017, Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics, ODBASE 2017, and Cloud and Trusted Computing, C&TC, held as part of OTM 2017 in October 2017 in Rhodes, Greece.The 61 full papers presented together with 19 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 180 submissions. The OTM program every year covers data and Web semantics, distributed objects, Web services, databases, information systems, enterprise workflow and collaboration, ubiquity, interoperability, mobility, grid and high-performance computing.
On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems. OTM 2018 Conferences: Confederated International Conferences: CoopIS, C&TC, and ODBASE 2018, Valletta, Malta, October 22-26, 2018, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11230)
by Hervé Panetto Christophe Debruyne Henderik A. Proper Claudio Agostino Ardagna Dumitru Roman Robert MeersmanThis double volumes LNCS 11229-11230 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Confederated International Conferences: Cooperative Information Systems, CoopIS 2018, Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics, ODBASE 2018, and Cloud and Trusted Computing, C&TC, held as part of OTM 2018 in October 2018 in Valletta, Malta. The 64 full papers presented together with 22 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 173 submissions. The OTM program every year covers data and Web semantics, distributed objects, Web services, databases, informationsystems, enterprise workflow and collaboration, ubiquity, interoperability, mobility, grid and high-performance computing.
On the Nature of Charge Density Waves, Superconductivity and Their Interplay in 1T-TiSe₂ (Springer Theses)
by Chuan ChenThis thesis presents analytical theoretical studies on the interplay between charge density waves (CDW) and superconductivity (SC) in the actively studied transition-metal dichalcogenide 1T-TiSe2. It begins by reapproaching a years-long debate over the nature of the phase transition to the commensurate CDW (CCDW) state and the role played by the intrinsic tendency towards excitonic condensation in this system. A Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological theory was subsequently developed to understand the experimentally observed transition from commensurate to incommensurate CDW (ICDW) order with doping or pressure, and the emergence of a superconducting dome that coexists with ICDW. Finally, to characterize microscopically the effects of the interplay between CDW and SC, the spectrum of CDW fluctuations beyond mean-field was studied in detail. In the aggregate, the work reported here provides an encompassing understanding of what are possibly key microscopic underpinnings of the CDW and SC physics in TiSe2.
On the Study and Difficulties of Mathematics
by Augustus De MorganOne of the twentieth century's most eminent mathematical writers, Augustus De Morgan enriched his expositions with insights from history and psychology. On the Study and Difficulties of Mathematics represents some of his best work, containing points usually overlooked by elementary treatises, and written in a fresh and natural tone that provides a refreshing contrast to the mechanical character of common textbooks.Presuming only a knowledge of the rules of algebra and Euclidean theorems, De Morgan begins with some introductory remarks on the nature and objects of mathematics. He discusses the concept of arithmetical notion and its elementary rules, including arithmetical reactions and decimal fractions. Moving on to algebra, he reviews the elementary principles, examines equations of the first and second degree, and surveys roots and logarithms. De Morgan's book concludes with an exploration of geometrical reasoning that encompasses the formulation and use of axioms, the role of proportion, and the application of algebra to the measurement of lines, angles, the proportion of figures, and surfaces.
On the Theory of Maass Wave Forms (Universitext)
by Tobias Mühlenbruch Wissam RajiThis textbook provides a rigorous analytical treatment of the theory of Maass wave forms. Readers will find this unified presentation invaluable, as it treats Maass wave forms as the central area of interest. Subjects at the cutting edge of research are explored in depth, such as Maass wave forms of real weight and the cohomology attached to Maass wave forms and transfer operators. Because Maass wave forms are given a deep exploration, this book offers an indispensable resource for those entering the field.Early chapters present a brief introduction to the theory of classical modular forms, with an emphasis on objects and results necessary to fully understand later material. Chapters 4 and 5 contain the book’s main focus: L-functions and period functions associated with families of Maass wave forms. Other topics include Maass wave forms of real weight, Maass cusp forms, and weak harmonic Maass wave forms. Engaging exercises appear throughout the book, with solutions available online.On the Theory of Maass Wave Forms is ideal for graduate students and researchers entering the area. Readers in mathematical physics and other related disciplines will find this a useful reference as well. Knowledge of complex analysis, real analysis, and abstract algebra is required.
The Once And Future Turing
by S. Barry Cooper Andrew HodgesAlan Turing (1912–1954) made seminal contributions to mathematical logic, computation, computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography and theoretical biology. In this volume, outstanding scientific thinkers take a fresh look at the great range of Turing's contributions, on how the subjects have developed since his time, and how they might develop still further. The contributors include Martin Davis, J. M. E. Hyland, Andrew R. Booker, Ueli Maurer, Kanti V. Mardia, S. Barry Cooper, Stephen Wolfram, Christof Teuscher, Douglas Richard Hofstadter, Philip K. Maini, Thomas E. Woolley, Eamonn A. Gaffney, Ruth E. Baker, Richard Gordon, Stuart Kauffman, Scott Aaronson, Solomon Feferman, P. D. Welch and Roger Penrose. These specially commissioned essays will provoke and engross the reader who wishes to understand better the lasting significance of one of the twentieth century's deepest thinkers.
Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census
by Panel on Residence Rules in the Decennial CensusThe usefulness of the U.S. decennial census depends critically on the accuracy with which individual people are counted in specific housing units, at precise geographic locations. The 2000 and other recent censuses have relied on a set of residence rules to craft instructions on the census questionnaire in order to guide respondents to identify their correct &#34usual residence.&#34 Determining the proper place to count such groups as college students, prisoners, and military personnel has always been complicated and controversial; major societal trends such as placement of children in shared custody arrangements and the prevalence of &#34snowbird&#34 and &#34sunbird&#34 populations who regularly move to favorable climates further make it difficult to specify ties to one household and one place. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place reviews the evolution of current residence rules and the way residence concepts are presented to respondents. It proposes major changes to the basic approach of collecting residence information and suggests a program of research to improve the 2010 and future censuses.
Once Upon a Number: The Hidden Mathematical Logic of Stories
by John Allen PaulosWhat two things could be more different than numbers and stories? Numbers are abstract, certain, and eternal, but to most of us somewhat dry and bloodless. Good stories are full of life: they engage our emotions and have subtlety and nuance, but they lack rigor and the truths they tell are elusive and subject to debate. As ways of understanding the world around us, numbers and stories seem almost completely incompatible. Once Upon a Number shows that stories and numbers aren’t as different as you might imagine, and in fact they have surprising and fascinating connections. The concepts of logic and probability both grew out of intuitive ideas about how certain situations would play out. Now, logicians are inventing ways to deal with real world situations by mathematical means--by acknowledging, for instance, that items that are mathematically interchangeable may not be interchangeable in a story. And complexity theory looks at both number strings and narrative strings in remarkably similar terms. Throughout, renowned author John Paulos mixes numbers and narratives in his own delightful style. Along with lucid accounts of cutting-edge information theory we get hilarious anecdotes and jokes; instructions for running a truly impressive pyramid scam; a freewheeling conversation between Groucho Marx and Bertrand Russell (while they’re stuck in an elevator together); explanations of why the statistical evidence against OJ Simpson was overwhelming beyond doubt and how the Unabomber’s thinking shows signs of mathematical training; and dozens of other treats. This is another winner from America’s favorite mathematician.
Once Upon a Prime: The Wondrous Connections Between Mathematics and Literature
by Sarah HartA New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice “Wide-ranging and thoroughly winning.” —Jordan Ellenberg, The New York Times Book Review“An absolute joy to read!" —Steven Levitt, New York Times bestselling author of Freakonomics For fans of Seven Brief Lessons in Physics, an exploration of the many ways mathematics can transform our understanding of literature and vice versa, by the first woman to hold England's oldest mathematical chair.We often think of mathematics and literature as polar opposites. But what if, instead, they were fundamentally linked? In her clear, insightful, laugh-out-loud funny debut, Once Upon a Prime, Professor Sarah Hart shows us the myriad connections between math and literature, and how understanding those connections can enhance our enjoyment of both. Did you know, for instance, that Moby-Dick is full of sophisticated geometry? That James Joyce’s stream-of-consciousness novels are deliberately checkered with mathematical references? That George Eliot was obsessed with statistics? That Jurassic Park is undergirded by fractal patterns? That Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie wrote mathematician characters? From sonnets to fairytales to experimental French literature, Professor Hart shows how math and literature are complementary parts of the same quest, to understand human life and our place in the universe. As the first woman to hold England’s oldest mathematical chair, Professor Hart is the ideal tour guide, taking us on an unforgettable journey through the books we thought we knew, revealing new layers of beauty and wonder. As she promises, you’re going to need a bigger bookcase.
Once Upon an Algorithm: How Stories Explain Computing (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Martin ErwigHow Hansel and Gretel, Sherlock Holmes, the movie Groundhog Day, Harry Potter, and other familiar stories illustrate the concepts of computing.Picture a computer scientist, staring at a screen and clicking away frantically on a keyboard, hacking into a system, or perhaps developing an app. Now delete that picture. In Once Upon an Algorithm, Martin Erwig explains computation as something that takes place beyond electronic computers, and computer science as the study of systematic problem solving. Erwig points out that many daily activities involve problem solving. Getting up in the morning, for example: You get up, take a shower, get dressed, eat breakfast. This simple daily routine solves a recurring problem through a series of well-defined steps. In computer science, such a routine is called an algorithm.Erwig illustrates a series of concepts in computing with examples from daily life and familiar stories. Hansel and Gretel, for example, execute an algorithm to get home from the forest. The movie Groundhog Day illustrates the problem of unsolvability; Sherlock Holmes manipulates data structures when solving a crime; the magic in Harry Potter's world is understood through types and abstraction; and Indiana Jones demonstrates the complexity of searching. Along the way, Erwig also discusses representations and different ways to organize data; “intractable” problems; language, syntax, and ambiguity; control structures, loops, and the halting problem; different forms of recursion; and rules for finding errors in algorithms.This engaging book explains computation accessibly and shows its relevance to daily life. Something to think about next time we execute the algorithm of getting up in the morning.
Once Upon Einstein
by Thibault DamourIt is well known that Einstein founded twentieth-century physics with his work on relativity and quanta, but what do we really know about these ground breaking ideas? How were they discovered? What should we retain today from the conceptual upheavals he initiated? Through a selection of concrete scenes taken from Einstein's life, the author offers
Oncothermia: Principles and Practices
by Andras Szasz Nora Szasz Oliver SzaszOncothermia is the next generation medical innovation that delivers selective, controlled and deep energy for cancer treatment. The basic principles for oncothermia stem from oncological hyperthermia, the oldest approach to treating cancer. Nevertheless, hyperthermia has been wrought with significant controversy, mostly stemming from shortcomings of controlled energy delivery. Oncothermia has been able to overcome these insufficiencies and prove to be a controlled, safe and efficacious treatment option. This book is the first attempt to elucidate the theory and practice of oncothermia, based on rigorous mathematical and biophysical analysis, not centered on the temperature increase. It is supported by numerous in-vitro and in-vivo findings and twenty years of clinical experience. This book will help scientists, researchers and medical practitioners in understanding the scientific and conceptual underpinnings of oncothermia and will add another valuable tool in the fight against cancer. Professor Andras Szasz is the inventor of oncothermia and the Head of St Istvan University's Biotechnics Department in Hungary. He has published over 300 papers and lectured at various universities around the world. Dr. Oliver Szasz is the managing director of Oncotherm, the global manufacturer and distributor of medical devices for cancer treatment used in Europe & Asia since the late 1980s. Dr. Nora Szasz is currently a management consultant in healthcare for McKinsey & Co.
One (Bookworms Count on It!)
by Dana Meachen RauPublisher's summary: Identifies things that inherently come in ones and lists other examples. The simple and engaging text and photos of Count On It! accomplish two things at once: They teach children how to count as well as to read. The direct correspondence between image and text and consistent format make these books ideal for the beginning reader and mathematician.
One Cent, Two Cents, Old Cent, New Cent: All About Money
by Bonnie WorthTHE CAT IN the Hat puts to rest any notion that money grows on trees in this super simple look at numismatics, the study of money and its history. Beginning with the ancient practice of bartering, the Cat explains various forms of money used in different cultures, from shells, feathers, leather, and jade to metal ingots to coins (including the smallest—the BB-like Indian fanam—and the largest—the 8-foot-wide, ship-sinking limestone ones from the Islands of Yap!), to the current king of currency, paper. Also included is a look at banking, from the use of temples as the first banks to the concept of gaining or paying interest, and a step-by-step guide to minting coins. A fascinating introduction is bound to change young reader’s appreciation for change!
One-Dimensional Dynamical Systems: An Example-Led Approach
by Ana RodriguesFor almost every phenomenon in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, economics, and other sciences, one can make a mathematical model that can be regarded as a dynamical system. One-Dimensional Dynamical Systems: An Example-Led Approach seeks to deep-dive into α standard maps as an example-driven way of explaining the modern theory of the subject in a way that will be engaging for students. Features Example-driven approach Suitable as supplementary reading for a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in dynamical systems