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A Stata Companion to Political Analysis (Third Edition)
by Philip H. PollockWith this Third Edition, students quickly learn Stata with step-by-step instructions, more than 50 exercises, customized data sets, annotated screen shots, boxes that highlight Stata's capabilities, and guidance on using Stata to read raw data.
The State and the Stork: The Population Debate and Policy Making in US History
by Derek S. Hoff&“A powerful model of how to understand the complex array of issues that will shape the political economy of population in the future.&”—American Historical Review From the founders&’ fears that crowded cities would produce corruption, luxury, and vice to the zero population growth movement of the late 1960s to today&’s widespread fears of an aging crisis as the Baby Boomers retire, the American population debate has always concerned much more than racial composition or resource exhaustion, the aspects of the debate usually emphasized by historians. In The State and the Stork, Derek Hoff draws on his extraordinary knowledge of the intersections between population and economic debates throughout American history to explain the many surprising ways that population anxieties have provoked unexpected policies and political developments—including the recent conservative revival. At once a fascinating history and a revelatory look at the deep origins of a crucial national conversation, The State and the Stork could not be timelier. &“Hoff has done a real service by bringing to the foreground the economic dimension of U.S. debates over population size and growth, a topic that has been relegated to the shadows for too long.&”—Population and Development Review &“After decades of failed efforts by the scientific community to alert the public to the environmental dangers of population growth and overpopulation, a first-rate historian has finally detailed both the arguments and their policy implications . . . Everyone interested in population should read The State and the Stork. This is an incredibly timely book.&”—Paul R. Ehrlich, author of The Population Bomb
State Estimation for Robotics
by Timothy D. BarfootA key aspect of robotics today is estimating the state, such as position and orientation, of a robot as it moves through the world. Most robots and autonomous vehicles depend on noisy data from sensors such as cameras or laser rangefinders to navigate in a three-dimensional world. This book presents common sensor models and practical advice on how to carry out state estimation for rotations and other state variables. It covers both classical state estimation methods such as the Kalman filter, as well as important modern topics such as batch estimation, the Bayes filter, sigmapoint and particle filters, robust estimation for outlier rejection, and continuous-time trajectory estimation and its connection to Gaussian-process regression. The methods are demonstrated in the context of important applications such as point-cloud alignment, pose-graph relaxation, bundle adjustment, and simultaneous localization and mapping. Students and practitioners of robotics alike will find this a valuable resource.
State of the Art in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Methodological Extensions and Applications in the Social Sciences and Beyond (Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics)
by Lăcrămioara Radomir Raluca Ciornea Huiwen Wang Yide Liu Christian M. Ringle Marko SarstedtThis edited volume brings together some of the best papers from the 2022 Conference on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), held at the Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania. The volume seeks to expand the current research on PLS-SEM and promote the method’s application in the scientific community. It gathers research from scholars in many different fields who work on the advancement of PLS-SEM and who apply the method to explain and predict behavioral phenomena. Researchers today can draw on a wide array of different PLS-SEM-based algorithms, complementary methods, and model evaluation metrics. Tying in with these developments, the first part of this book documents methodological advances of PLS-SEM, which extend the researchers’ current toolbox of methods. The following parts demonstrate state-of-the-art applications of PLS-SEM in various fields such as consumer behavior, hospitality, human resource management, entrepreneurship, and organizational behavior. Special emphasis is placed on studies that apply complementary methods to offer a more nuanced analysis of the research questions.
The State, Removal and Indigenous Peoples in the United States and Mexico, 1620-2000 (Indigenous Peoples and Politics)
by Claudia HaakeThis book investigates the forced migration of the Delawares in the United States and the Yaquis in Mexico, focusing primarily on the impact removal from tribal lands had on the (ethnic) identity of these two indigenous societies. It analyzes Native responses to colonial and state policies to determine the practical options that each group had in dealing with the states in which they lived. Haake convincingly argues that both nation-states aimed at the destruction of the Native American societies within their borders. This exemplary comparative, transnational study clearly demonstrates that the legacy of these attitudes and policies are readily apparent in both countries today. This book should appeal to a wide variety of academic disciplines in which diversity and minority political representation assume significance.
State Space Consistency and Differentiability
by Demetrios SerakosBy investigating the properties of the natural state, this book presents an analysis of input-output systems with regard to the mathematical concept of state. The state of a system condenses the effects of past inputs to the system in a useful manner. This monograph emphasizes two main properties of the natural state; the first has to do with the possibility of determining the input-output system from its natural state set and the second deals with differentiability properties involving the natural state inherited from the input-output system, including differentiability of the natural state and natural state trajectories. The results presented in this title aid in modeling physical systems since system identification from a state set holds in most models. Researchers and engineers working in electrical, aerospace, mechanical, and chemical fields along with applied mathematicians working in systems or differential equations will find this title useful due to its rigorous mathematics.
State Space Grids
by Tom HollensteinHuman development from birth through adulthood is a complex interplay of many interacting forces. Children's internal processes are manifest in behaviors that are sculpted by their experiences, most notably with primary caregivers. Because the discipline of psychology explores human behavior and cognition, the techniques employed for developmental analysis must be able to describe, depict, and quantify these complex processes. State Space Grids provides the framework, basic method, rationale, and advanced techniques for translating the behavior of children, adolescents, and parents into visible, traceable data. This seminar-between-covers takes readers step by step from conceptualization through implementation of projects, with examples from a range of current research within and outside child development. Links are included for the GridWare software program and related user resources. And although state space grids need not be used only to analyze dynamic systems, they serve as an excellent tool for honing systemic thinking. Key coverage in this volume includes: Dynamic systems and the origins of state space grids. The state of research using state space grids. Introducing GridWare and how it works. How to use state space grids, from idea through finished project. Within-grid and between-grid analysis. Conducting advanced analysis. State Space Grids is an essential reference for researchers across such disciplines as psychology, neuroscience, economics, computer science, and agricultural science.
State-Space Methods for Time Series Analysis: Theory, Applications and Software (Chapman & Hall/CRC Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability)
by Jose Casals Alfredo Garcia-Hiernaux Miguel Jerez Sonia Sotoca A. Alexandre TrindadeThe state-space approach provides a formal framework where any result or procedure developed for a basic model can be seamlessly applied to a standard formulation written in state-space form. Moreover, it can accommodate with a reasonable effort nonstandard situations, such as observation errors, aggregation constraints, or missing in-sample values. Exploring the advantages of this approach, State-Space Methods for Time Series Analysis: Theory, Applications and Software presents many computational procedures that can be applied to a previously specified linear model in state-space form. After discussing the formulation of the state-space model, the book illustrates the flexibility of the state-space representation and covers the main state estimation algorithms: filtering and smoothing. It then shows how to compute the Gaussian likelihood for unknown coefficients in the state-space matrices of a given model before introducing subspace methods and their application. It also discusses signal extraction, describes two algorithms to obtain the VARMAX matrices corresponding to any linear state-space model, and addresses several issues relating to the aggregation and disaggregation of time series. The book concludes with a cross-sectional extension to the classical state-space formulation in order to accommodate longitudinal or panel data. Missing data is a common occurrence here, and the book explains imputation procedures necessary to treat missingness in both exogenous and endogenous variables. Web ResourceThe authors’ E4 MATLAB® toolbox offers all the computational procedures, administrative and analytical functions, and related materials for time series analysis. This flexible, powerful, and free software tool enables readers to replicate the practical examples in the text and apply the procedures to their own work.
State-Space Models: Applications in Economics and Finance
by Yong Zeng Shu WuState-space models as an important mathematical tool has been widely used in many different fields. This edited collection explores recent theoretical developments of the models and their applications in economics and finance. The book includes nonlinear and non-Gaussian time series models, regime-switching and hidden Markov models, continuous- or discrete-time state processes, and models of equally-spaced or irregularly-spaced (discrete or continuous) observations. The contributed chapters are divided into four parts. The first part is on Particle Filtering and Parameter Learning in Nonlinear State-Space Models. The second part focuses on the application of Linear State-Space Models in Macroeconomics and Finance. The third part deals with Hidden Markov Models, Regime Switching and Mathematical Finance and the fourth part is on Nonlinear State-Space Models for High Frequency Financial Data. The book will appeal to graduate students and researchers studying state-space modeling in economics, statistics, and mathematics, as well as to finance professionals.
Stated Preference Methods Using R (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series)
by Hideo Aizaki Tomoaki Nakatani Kazuo SatoStated Preference Methods Using R explains how to use stated preference (SP) methods, which are a family of survey methods, to measure people's preferences based on decision making in hypothetical choice situations. Along with giving introductory explanations of the methods, the book collates information on existing R functions and packages as well
Static Analysis: 26th International Symposium, SAS 2019, Porto, Portugal, October 8–11, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11822)
by Bor-Yuh Evan ChangThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Static Analysis, SAS 2019, held in Porto, Portugal, in October 2019. The 20 regular papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers are grouped in topical sections on pointers and dataflow; languages and decidability; numerical; trends: assuring machine learning; synthesis and security; and temporal properties and termination.
Static Analysis: 30th International Symposium, SAS 2023, Cascais, Portugal, October 22–24, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14284)
by Manuel V. Hermenegildo José F. MoralesThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Static Analysis, SAS 2023, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in October 2023. The 20 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. Static analysis is widely recognized as a fundamental tool for program verification, bug detection, compiler optimization, program understanding, and software maintenance. The papers deal with theoretical, practical and application advances in the area.
Static Green's Functions in Anisotropic Media
by Ernian Pan Weiqiu ChenThis book presents basic theory on static Green's functions in general anisotropic magnetoelectroelastic media including detailed derivations based on the complex variable method, potential method, and integral transforms. Green's functions corresponding to the reduced cases are also presented including those in anisotropic and transversely isotropic piezoelectric and piezomagnetic media, and in purely anisotropic elastic, transversely isotropic elastic and isotropic elastic media. Problems include those in three-dimensional, (two-dimensional) infinite, half, and bimaterial spaces (planes). While the emphasis is on the Green's functions related to the line and point force, those corresponding to the important line and point dislocation are also provided and discussed. This book provides a comprehensive derivation and collection of the Green's functions in the concerned media, and as such, it is an ideal reference book for researchers and engineers, and a textbook for both students in engineering and applied mathematics.
Statics: Analysis And Design Of Systems In Equilibrium
by Sheri D. Sheppard Benson H. TongueStatics: Analysis and Design of Systems in Equilibrium, by Sheri D. Sheppard of Stanford University, and Benson H. Tongue, University of California, Berkeley, offers a student-focused approach to Statics. With a strong emphasis on drawing free body diagrams, use of a structured problem-solving methodology, inclusion of real-world case studies, and robust pedagogy coupled with a truly engaging writing style, reviewers alike have praised this new Statics text. Additionally, this first edition has benefited from a comprehensive and thorough accuracy check by 15 experienced professors, and has been reviewed by more than 200 Statics and Dynamics professors. The text seeks to improve students’ abilities to map their understanding to more realistic engineering situations, enabling them to more effectively break down complex problems into manageable parts, and thus, become more effective engineering students and ultimately, professional engineers. The authors do not compromise on rigor. Instead this series demonstrates the required rigor in the larger context of engineering work, decision making, problem solving, and understanding and impacting the man-made world.
Statics and Dynamics of Weakly Coupled Antiferromagnetic Spin-1/2 Ladders in a Magnetic Field
by Pierre BouillotThis thesis shows how a combination of analytic and numerical techniques, such as a time dependent and finite temperature Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) technique, can be used to obtain the physical properties of low dimensional quantum magnets with an unprecedented level of accuracy. A comparison between the theory and experiment then enables these systems to be used as quantum simulators; for example, to test various generic properties of low dimensional systems such as Luttinger liquid physics, the paradigm of one dimensional interacting quantum systems. Application of these techniques to a material made of weakly coupled ladders (BPCB) allowed the first quantitative test of Luttinger liquids. In addition, other physical quantities (magnetization, specific heat etc.), and more remarkably the spins-spin correlations - directly measurable in neutron scattering experiments - were in excellent agreement with the observed quantities. We thus now have tools to quantitatiively assess the dynamics for this class of quantum systems.
Statics and Influence Functions: From a Modern Perspective (Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics #13)
by Friedel Hartmann Peter JahnThis extended and revised second edition is intended for engineering students and researchers working with finite element methods in structural and mechanical analysis. Discussing numerical structural analysis from first mechanical and mathematical principles, it establishes the central role of influence functions (Green's functions) in finite element analysis, reanalysis, sensitivity analysis, parameter identification and in optimization, with a particular focus on computational aspects and questions of accuracy. It also presents a one-click reanalysis, a new technique that allows instantaneous modifications to a structure to be made by clicking on single elements. Lastly, the book features four programs that can be downloaded for the solution of the Poisson equation, 2-D elasticity, plate-bending problems and planar frames.
Statics And Strength Of Materials
by Harold Morrow Robert KokernakSTATICS AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, 7/e is fully updated text and presents logically organized, clear coverage of all major topics in statics and strength of materials, including the latest developments in materials technology and manufacturing/construction techniques. A basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry are the only mathematical skills it requires, although several optional sections using calculus are provided for instructors teaching in ABET accredited programs. A new introductory section on catastrophic failures shows students why these topics are so important, and 25 full-page, real-life application sidebars demonstrate the relevance of theory. To simplify understanding and promote student interest, the book is profusely illustrated.
Statics with MATLAB®
by Mihai Dupac Dan B. Marghitu Nels H. MadsenEngineering mechanics involves the development of mathematical models of the physical world. Statics addresses the forces acting on and in mechanical objects and systems. Statics with MATLAB® develops an understanding of the mechanical behavior of complex engineering structures and components using MATLAB® to execute numerical calculations and to facilitate analytical calculations. MATLAB® is presented and introduced as a highly convenient tool to solve problems for theory and applications in statics. Included are example problems to demonstrate the MATLAB® syntax and to also introduce specific functions dealing with statics. These explanations are reinforced through figures generated with MATLAB® and the extra material available online which includes the special functions described. This detailed introduction and application of MATLAB® to the field of statics makes Statics with MATLAB® a useful tool for instruction as well as self study, highlighting the use of symbolic MATLAB® for both theory and applications to find analytical and numerical solutions
Stationary and Related Stochastic Processes: Sample Function Properties and Their Applications
by M. Ross Leadbetter Harald CramérThis graduate-level text offers a comprehensive account of the general theory of stationary processes, with special emphasis on the properties of sample functions. Assuming a familiarity with the basic features of modern probability theory, the text develops the foundations of the general theory of stochastic processes, examines processes with a continuous-time parameter, and applies the general theory to procedures key to the study of stationary processes. Additional topics include analytic properties of the sample functions and the problem of time distribution of the intersections between a sample function. 1967 edition.
Stationary Diffraction by Wedges: Method of Automorphic Functions on Complex Characteristics (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2249)
by Alexander Komech Anatoli MerzonThis book presents a new and original method for the solution of boundary value problems in angles for second-order elliptic equations with constant coefficients and arbitrary boundary operators. This method turns out to be applicable to many different areas of mathematical physics, in particular to diffraction problems in angles and to the study of trapped modes on a sloping beach. Giving the reader the opportunity to master the techniques of the modern theory of diffraction, the book introduces methods of distributions, complex Fourier transforms, pseudo-differential operators, Riemann surfaces, automorphic functions, and the Riemann–Hilbert problem. The book will be useful for students, postgraduates and specialists interested in the application of modern mathematics to wave propagation and diffraction problems.
Statistical: Ten Easy Ways to Avoid Being Misled By Numbers
by Anthony Reuben'Refreshingly clear and engaging' Tim Harford'Delightful . . . full of unique insights' Prof Sir David SpiegelhalterThere's no getting away from statistics. We encounter them every day. We are all users of statistics whether we like it or not.Do missed appointments really cost the NHS £1bn per year?What's the difference between the mean gender pay gap and the median gender pay gap?How can we work out if a claim that we use 42 billion single-use plastic straws per year in the UK is accurate?What did the Vote Leave campaign's £350m bus really mean?How can we tell if the headline 'Public pensions cost you £4,000 a year' is correct?Does snow really cost the UK economy £1bn per day?But how do we distinguish statistical fact from fiction? What can we do to decide whether a number, claim or news story is accurate? Without an understanding of data, we cannot truly understand what is going on in the world around us.Written by Anthony Reuben, the BBC's first head of statistics, Statistical is an accessible and empowering guide to challenging the numbers all around us.
Statistical Analyses for Criminal Justice and Criminology: A Conceptual Introduction
by Michael J. DeValveThis book is a how-to guide on statistical analyses designed for undergraduates and others new to the subject. It uses a conceptual framework, starting with the most basic concepts of statistics and moving up through the capacity to perform bivariate regression.Written in an easy-going and clear style, it uses policing data to illustrate concepts. Easily identified Main Take-Aways and Key Terms features aid student understanding. Designed to combat the fear of mathematics and statistics often held by students in the social sciences, plain verbiage, multiple examples, and clear demonstrations combine to achieve the actualization and proper contextualized use of univariate and bivariate statistics. This work also serves as a launching pad for further study in statistics.As an accessible introduction to statistics in criminal justice and criminology, this text will appeal to both students and instructors in introductory criminal justice and criminology statistics courses.
Statistical Analysis and Data Display
by Richard M. Heiberger Burt HollandThis contemporary presentation of statistical methods features extensive use of graphical displays for exploring data and for displaying the analysis. The authors demonstrate how to analyze data--showing code, graphics, and accompanying tabular listings--for all the methods they cover. They emphasize how to construct and interpret graphs. They discuss principles of graphical design. They identify situations where visual impressions from graphs may need confirmation from traditional tabular results. All chapters have exercises. The authors provide and discuss R functions for all the new graphical display formats. All graphs and tabular output in the book were constructed using these functions. Complete R scripts for all examples and figures are provided for readers to use as models for their own analyses. This book can serve as a standalone text for statistics majors at the master's level and for other quantitatively oriented disciplines at the doctoral level, and as a reference book for researchers. In-depth discussions of regression analysis, analysis of variance, and design of experiments are followed by introductions to analysis of discrete bivariate data, nonparametrics, logistic regression, and ARIMA time series modeling. The authors illustrate classical concepts and techniques with a variety of case studies using both newer graphical tools and traditional tabular displays. The Second Edition features graphs that are completely redrawn using the more powerful graphics infrastructure provided by R's lattice package. There are new sections in several of the chapters, revised sections in all chapters and several completely new appendices. New graphical material includes: * an expanded chapter on graphics * a section on graphing Likert Scale Data to build on the importance of rating scales in fields from population studies to psychometrics * a discussion on design of graphics that will work for readers with color-deficient vision * an expanded discussion on the design of multi-panel graphics * expanded and new sections in the discrete bivariate statistics capter on the use of mosaic plots for contingency tables including the n×2×2 tables for which the Mantel-Haenszel-Cochran test is appropriate * an interactive (using the shiny package) presentation of the graphics for the normal and t-tables that is introduced early and used in many chapters The new appendices include discussions of R, the HH package designed for R (the material in the HH package was distributed as a set of standalone functions with the First Edition of this book), the R Commander package, the RExcel system, the shiny package, and a minimal discussion on writing R packages. There is a new appendix on computational precision illustrating and explaining the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) about the differences between the familiar real number system and the less-familiar floating point system used in computers. The probability distributions appendix has been expanded to include more distributions (all the distributions in base R) and to include graphs of each. The editing appendix from the First Edition has been split into four expanded appendices--on working style, writing style, use of a powerful editor, and use of LaTeX for document preparation.
Statistical Analysis in Climate Research
by Hans Von Storch Francis W. ZwiersClimatology is, to a large degree, the study of the statistics of our climate. The powerful tools of mathematical statistics therefore find wide application in climatological research. The purpose of this book is to help the climatologist understand the basic precepts of the statistician's art and to provide some of the background needed to apply statistical methodology correctly and usefully. The book is self contained: introductory material, standard advanced techniques, and the specialised techniques used specifically by climatologists are all contained within this one source. There are a wealth of real-world examples drawn from the climate literature to demonstrate the need, power and pitfalls of statistical analysis in climate research. Suitable for graduate courses on statistics for climatic, atmospheric and oceanic science, this book will also be valuable as a reference source for researchers in climatology, meteorology, atmospheric science, and oceanography.
Statistical Analysis in Forensic Science
by Grzegorz Zadora Daniel Ramos Colin Aitken Agnieszka MartynaA practical guide for determining the evidential value of physicochemical dataMicrotraces of various materials (e.g. glass, paint, fibres, and petroleum products) are routinely subjected to physicochemical examination by forensic experts, whose role is to evaluate such physicochemical data in the context of the prosecution and defence propositions. Such examinations return various kinds of information, including quantitative data. From the forensic point of view, the most suitable way to evaluate evidence is the likelihood ratio. This book provides a collection of recent approaches to the determination of likelihood ratios and describes suitable software, with documentation and examples of their use in practice. The statistical computing and graphics software environment R, pre-computed Bayesian networks using Hugin Researcher and a new package, calcuLatoR, for the computation of likelihood ratios are all explored.Statistical Analysis in Forensic Science will provide an invaluable practical guide for forensic experts and practitioners, forensic statisticians, analytical chemists, and chemometricians.Key features include:Description of the physicochemical analysis of forensic trace evidence.Detailed description of likelihood ratio models for determining the evidential value of multivariate physicochemical data.Detailed description of methods, such as empirical cross-entropy plots, for assessing the performance of likelihood ratio-based methods for evidence evaluation.Routines written using the open-source R software, as well as Hugin Researcher and calcuLatoR.Practical examples and recommendations for the use of all these methods in practice.