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The Rohonc Code: Tracing a Historical Riddle
by Benedek LángFirst discovered in a Hungarian library in 1838, the Rohonc Codex keeps privileged company with some of the most famous unsolved writing systems in the world, notably the Voynich manuscript, the Phaistos Disk, and Linear A. Written entirely in cipher, this 400-year-old, 450-page-long, richly illustrated manuscript initially gained considerable attention but was later dismissed as an apparent forgery. No serious scholar would study it again until the turn of the twenty-first century. This engaging narrative follows historian Benedek Láng’s search to uncover the truth about this thoroughly mysterious book that has puzzled dozens of codebreakers. Láng surveys the fascinating theories associated with the Codex and discusses possible interpretations of the manuscript as a biblical commentary, an apocryphal gospel, or a secret book written for and by a sect. He provides an overview of the secret writing systems known in early modern times and an account of the numerous efforts to create an artificial language or to find a long-lost perfect tongue—endeavors that were especially popular at the time the Codex was made. Lastly, he tests several codebreaking methods in order to decipher the Codex, finally pointing to a possible solution to the enigma of its content and language system.Engagingly written, academically grounded, and thoroughly compelling, The Rohonc Code will appeal to historians, scholars, and lay readers interested in mysteries, codes, and ciphers.
The Rohonc Code: Tracing a Historical Riddle
by Benedek LángFirst discovered in a Hungarian library in 1838, the Rohonc Codex keeps privileged company with some of the most famous unsolved writing systems in the world, notably the Voynich manuscript, the Phaistos Disk, and Linear A. Written entirely in cipher, this 400-year-old, 450-page-long, richly illustrated manuscript initially gained considerable attention but was later dismissed as an apparent forgery. No serious scholar would study it again until the turn of the twenty-first century. This engaging narrative follows historian Benedek Láng’s search to uncover the truth about this thoroughly mysterious book that has puzzled dozens of codebreakers. Láng surveys the fascinating theories associated with the Codex and discusses possible interpretations of the manuscript as a biblical commentary, an apocryphal gospel, or a secret book written for and by a sect. He provides an overview of the secret writing systems known in early modern times and an account of the numerous efforts to create an artificial language or to find a long-lost perfect tongue—endeavors that were especially popular at the time the Codex was made. Lastly, he tests several codebreaking methods in order to decipher the Codex, finally pointing to a possible solution to the enigma of its content and language system.Engagingly written, academically grounded, and thoroughly compelling, The Rohonc Code will appeal to historians, scholars, and lay readers interested in mysteries, codes, and ciphers.
The Role and Importance of Mathematics in Innovation
by Bob Anderssen Philip Broadbridge Yasuhide Fukumoto Naoyuki Kamiyama Yoshihiro Mizoguchi Konrad Polthier Osamu SaekiThis book is a collection of papers presented at the "Forum Math-for-Industry 2015" for which the unifying theme was "The Role and Importance of Mathematics in Innovation", held at the Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University, October 26-30, 2015. The theme highlights two key roles that mathematics plays in supporting innovation in science, technology, and daily life, namely, needs-based and idea-based. For the former, mathematics assists with sorting through the possibilities and putting matters on a more rigorous foundation, and for the latter, mathematical models of the possible implementations play a key role. The book gives excellent examples of how mathematics assists with stimulating innovation and, thereby, highlights the importance and relevance of the concept Mathematics_FOR_Industry. The contents of this volume address productive and successful interaction between industry and mathematicians, as well as the cross-fertilization and collaboration that result when mathematics is involved with the advancement of science and technology.
The Role of Clean Coal Technologies in Energy Transformation and Energy Security: Ensuring Energy Security: The Key Role of Clean Coal Technologies in the Energy Transition (SpringerBriefs in Energy)
by Aurelia Rybak Aleksandra RybakThis book presents the latest achievements in the field of clean coal technologies and shows how these innovations contribute to environmental protection and ensure stability of energy supplies. The book describes how clean coal technologies can revolutionize our energy future. From advanced mining methods to modern energy storage solutions, this book is a source of knowledge about sustainable development and technological innovation.
The Role of Diffusion Processes in Fertility Change in Developing Countries: Report Of A Workshop
by Committee on PopulationThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
The Role of Mechanics in the Study of Lipid Bilayers (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #577)
by David J. SteigmannThis book is the first collection of lipid-membrane research conducted by leading mechanicians and experts in continuum mechanics. It brings the overall intellectual framework afforded by modern continuum mechanics to bear on a host of challenging problems in lipid membrane physics. These include unique and authoritative treatments of differential geometry, shape elasticity, surface flow and diffusion, interleaf membrane friction, phase transitions, electroelasticity and flexoelectricity, and computational modelling.
The Role of Population Games in the Design of Optimization-Based Controllers: A Large-scale Insight (Springer Theses)
by Julian Barreiro-GomezThis book reports on the implementation of evolutionary-game theory in the design of distributed optimization-based controllers. First, it discusses how the classical population-game approach can contribute to and complement the design of optimization-based controllers. It shows how the features of this approach can be exploited to extend their capabilities in the solution of distributed optimization problems, and examines density games in order to consider multiple coupled constraints and preserve the non-centralized information requirements. Furthermore, it establishes a close relationship between the possible interactions among agents in a population with constrained information sharing among different local controllers. It also discusses coalitional games, focusing on the Shapley power index and proposes an alternative method of computing the latter, which reduces computational time, as well as a different way of finding it using distributed communication structures. All the proposed strategies are then tested on various control problems, such as those related to the Barcelona water supply network, multiple continuous stirred tank reactors, various unmanned aerial vehicle systems, and a water distribution system. This thesis, examined at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Universidad de los Andes in 2017, received the award for best thesis in control from the control group of the Spanish Committee of Automatic Control (CEA) in the same year.
The Role of Statistics in Business and Industry
by Gerald J. Hahn Necip DoganaksoyAn insightful guide to the use of statistics for solving key problems in modern-day business and industry This book has been awarded the Technometrics Ziegel Prize for the best book reviewed by the journal in 2010. Technometrics is a journal of statistics for the physical, chemical and engineering sciences, published jointly by the American Society for Quality and the American Statistical Association. Criteria for the award include that the book brings together in one volume a body of material previously only available in scattered research articles and having the potential to significantly improve practice in engineering and science. Highlighting the relevance of statistical methods in everyday applications, The Role of Statistics in Business and Industry bridges the gap between the tools of statistics and their use in today's business world. This one-of-a-kind resource encourages the proactive use of statistics in three well-organized and succinct parts: Setting the Stage provides an introduction to statistics, with a general overview of its uses in business and industry Manufactured Product Applications explains how statistical techniques assist in designing, building, improving, and ensuring the reliability of a wide variety of manufactured products such as appliances, plastic materials, aircraft engines, and locomotives Other Applications describe the role of statistics in pharmaceuticals, finance, and business services, as well as more specialized areas including the food, semiconductor, and communications industries This book is truly unique in that it first describes case studies and key business problems, and then shows how statistics is used to address them, while most literature on the topic does the reverse. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of common issues and the most effective methods for their treatment. Each chapter concludes with general questions that allow the reader to test their understanding of the presented statistical concepts as well as technical questions that raise more complex issues. An extensive FTP site provides additional material, including solutions to some of the applications. With its accessible style and real-world examples, The Role of Statistics in Business and Industry is a valuable supplement for courses on applied statistics and statistical consulting at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an ideal resource for early-career statisticians and practitioners who would like to learn the value of applying statistics to their everyday work.
The Role of the History of Mathematics in the Teaching/Learning Process: A CIEAEM Sourcebook (Advances in Mathematics Education)
by Sixto Romero Sanchez Ana Serradó Bayés Peter Appelbaum Gilles AldonThis volume presents multiple perspectives on the uses of the history of mathematics for teaching and learning, including the value of historical topics in challenging mathematics tasks, for provoking teachers’ reflection on the nature of mathematics, curriculum development questions that mirror earlier pedagogical choices in the history of mathematics education, and the history of technological innovations in the teaching and learning of mathematics. An ethnomathematical perspective on the history of mathematics challenges readers to appreciate the role of mathematics in perpetuating consequences of colonialism. Histories of the textbook and its uses offer interesting insights into how technology has changed the fundamental role of curriculum materials and classroom pedagogies. History is explored as a source for the training of teachers, for good puzzles and problems, and for a broad understanding of mathematics education policy. Third in a series of sourcebooks from the International Commission for the Study and Improvement of Mathematics Teaching, this collection of cutting-edge research, stories from the field, and policy implications is a contemporary and global perspective on current possibilities for the history of mathematics for mathematics education. This latest volume integrates discussions regarding history of mathematics, history of mathematics education and history of technology for education that have taken place at the Commission's recent annual conferences.
Rosenbrock—Wanner–Type Methods: Theory and Applications (Mathematics Online First Collections)
by Tim Jax Andreas Bartel Matthias Ehrhardt Michael Günther Gerd SteinebachThis book discusses the development of the Rosenbrock—Wanner methods from the origins of the idea to current research with the stable and efficient numerical solution and differential-algebraic systems of equations, still in focus. The reader gets a comprehensive insight into the classical methods as well as into the development and properties of novel W-methods, two-step and exponential Rosenbrock methods. In addition, descriptive applications from the fields of water and hydrogen network simulation and visual computing are presented.
Rotating Machinery, Optical Methods & Scanning LDV Methods, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 39th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2021 (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Dario Di Maio Javad BaqersadRotating Machinery, Optical Methods & Scanning LDV Methods, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 39th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2021, the sixth volume of nine from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Structural Health Monitoring, including papers on:Novel TechniquesOptical Methods,Scanning LDV MethodsPhotogrammetry & DICRotating Machinery
Rotation Sets and Complex Dynamics (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2214)
by Saeed ZakeriThis monograph examines rotation sets under the multiplication by d (mod 1) map and their relation to degree d polynomial maps of the complex plane. These sets are higher-degree analogs of the corresponding sets under the angle-doubling map of the circle, which played a key role in Douady and Hubbard's work on the quadratic family and the Mandelbrot set. Presenting the first systematic study of rotation sets, treating both rational and irrational cases in a unified fashion, the text includes several new results on their structure, their gap dynamics, maximal and minimal sets, rigidity, and continuous dependence on parameters. This abstract material is supplemented by concrete examples which explain how rotation sets arise in the dynamical plane of complex polynomial maps and how suitable parameter spaces of such polynomials provide a complete catalog of all such sets of a given degree. As a main illustration, the link between rotation sets of degree 3 and one-dimensional families of cubic polynomials with a persistent indifferent fixed point is outlined. The monograph will benefit graduate students as well as researchers in the area of holomorphic dynamics and related fields.
Rotation Transforms for Computer Graphics
by John VinceRotation transforms are used everywhere in computer graphics from rotating pictures in editing software, to providing an arbitrary view of a 3D virtual environment. Although the former is a trivial operation, the latter can be a challenging task. Rotation Transforms for Computer Graphics covers a wide range of mathematical techniques used for rotating points and frames of reference in the plane and 3D space. It includes many worked examples and over 100 illustrations that make it essential reading for students, academics, researchers and professional practitioners. The book includes introductory chapters on complex numbers, matrices, quaternions and geometric algebra, and further chapters on how these techniques are employed in 2D and 3D computer graphics. In particular, matrix and bivector transforms are developed and evaluated to rotate points in a fixed frame of reference, and vice versa.
Rotations, Quaternions, and Double Groups
by Simon L. AltmannThis self-contained text presents a consistent description of the geometric and quaternionic treatment of rotation operators, employing methods that lead to a rigorous formulation and offering complete solutions to many illustrative problems.Geared toward upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, the book begins with chapters covering the fundamentals of symmetries, matrices, and groups, and it presents a primer on rotations and rotation matrices. Subsequent chapters explore rotations and angular momentum, tensor bases, the bilinear transformation, projective representations, and the geometry, topology, and algebra of rotations. Some familiarity with the basics of group theory is assumed, but the text assists students in developing the requisite mathematical tools as necessary.
Rough Draft Math: Rough Draft Math: Revising To Learn
by Amanda JansenMany students, especially as they get older, only share their thinking in math class when they’re sure they have the right answer. This means that some students hardly talk at all. Yet, talking and writing about in-process and unfinished ideas are vital to learning mathematics. How can we meet this challenge? Amanda (Mandy) Jansen and her collaborating teachers have developed a breakthrough approach: expand the idea of 'rough drafts' to the mathematics classroom. In Rough Draft Math, Mandy shares the power of infusing math class with the spirit of revision so that students feel comfortable thinking aloud as they talk to learn through problem-solving rather than talking only to perform right answers. In the process, a class of students becomes a community of mathematical thinkers, and teachers gain access into their students’ ideas and understandings. Inside you’ll find the following: an exploration of what the idea of revision could mean for math teaching and learning classroom vignettes to see rough draft math in action specific teaching techniques to encourage and practice rough draft thinking voices of teachers and students in rough draft classrooms Mandy’s reflections about her own teaching as a work in progress In Rough Draft Math, Mandy shows how to create a classroom culture in which your students will feel more comfortable expressing their partial understandings and in-process thinking, and then continually revising that thinking as they build deep, conceptual understanding of mathematics.
Rough Draft Math: Revising to Learn
by Amanda JansenTalking and writing about unfinished ideas is vital to learning mathematics, but most students only speak up when they think they have the right answer - especially middle school and high school students. Amanda Jansen and her collaborating teachers have developed a breakthrough approach to address this challenge. Rough Draft Math: Revising to Learn, Jansen shares the power of infusing math class with the spirit of revision so that students feel comfortable thinking aloud as they problem-solve rather than talking only to perform right answers. Creating a Community of Learners: As part of the rough draft framework, a class of students becomes an equitable and inclusive community of thinkers, one where students feel safe to engage in discourse while developing mathematical competency and confidence Practical Application of Innovative Ideas: This book includes specific teaching techniques and a range of classroom vignettes showing rough draft math in action within a student-centered teaching approach. Children can develop solutions at their own pace and share thought processes behind their conclusions Classroom Tested: Jansen has developed the concept of rough draft math in collaboration with a diverse group of dynamic and reflective teachers. Rough Draft Math' provides a blueprint for educators to allow free-thinking discussion while maintaining the mathematical learning goalsRough Draft Math, Jansen shows how to create an energetic classroom culture where students readily participate and share their evolving understanding while engaging in math talk, collaborative problem solving, and ongoing revision of ideas. '
Rough Fuzzy Image Analysis: Foundations and Methodologies (Chapman & Hall/CRC Mathematical and Computational Imaging Sciences Series)
by Sankar K. Pal James F. PetersFuzzy sets, near sets, and rough sets are useful and important stepping stones in a variety of approaches to image analysis. These three types of sets and their various hybridizations provide powerful frameworks for image analysis. Emphasizing the utility of fuzzy, near, and rough sets in image analysis, Rough Fuzzy Image Analysis: Foundations and
Rough Multiple Objective Decision Making
by Jiuping Xu Zhimiao TaoUnder intense scrutiny for the last few decades, Multiple Objective Decision Making (MODM) has been useful for dealing with the multiple-criteria decisions and planning problems associated with many important applications in fields including management science, engineering design, and transportation. Rough set theory has also proved to be an effect
Rough Sets
by Víctor Flores Fernando Gomide Andrzej Janusz Claudio Meneses Duoqian Miao Georg Peters Dominik Ślęzak Guoyin Wang Richard Weber Yiyu YaoVolume XII of the Transactions on Rough Sets (TRS) includes articles that are part of a special issue on Rough Set Structuring of Knowledge. These articles are extended versions of papers accepted for presentation at the Rough Set and Knowledge Technology Conference (RSKT 2008) organized in Chengdu, China, in May 2008. In fact, this conference did not take place because of the earthquake that dramatically hit the Chengdu province just before the event. The editors selected some papers accepted for RSKT 2008 and invited their authors to submit extended versions to this issue. The 11 submissions received after this invitation were sent to reviewers and, ?nally, 8 papers were accepted for publication in the special issue. The editors of the special issue are particularly grateful to all the authors of submitted papers, and to the editors of Transactions on Rough Sets, JamesF. Peters and Andrzej Skowron, who provided friendly and valuable assistance in the reviewing process. Special thanks are due to the following reviewers: Mohua Banerjee, Anna Gomolinsk a, Ryszard Janicki, Julia Johnson, Maneesh Joshi, Jusheng Mi, Sonajharia Minz, Sushmita Mitra, Tuan Trung Nguyen, Georg Pe- ters, Andrzej Skowron, Genlou Sun, Marcin Szczuka, Dominik Sl, ezak, Guoyin Wang, Hai Wang, Marcin Wolski, Haiyi Zhang, Yan Zhao, William Zhu. Their laudable e?orts made possible a careful selection and revision of submitted manuscripts. "
Rough Sets: International Joint Conference, IJCRS 2024, Halifax, NS, Canada, May 17–20, 2024, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14840)
by Pawan Lingras Dominik Ślęzak Yan Zhang Chris Cornelis JingTao Yao Mengjun HuThis two-volume set LNAI 14839-14840 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Rough Sets, IJCRS 2024, held in Halifax, NS, Canada, during May 17–20, 2024. The 43 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 56 submissions. They are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Rough Set Models and Foundations; Rule Induction and Machine Learning; Granular Computing; and Rough Set Applications. part II: Three-Way Decision and Rough Sets; Three-Way Decision in Data Analytics; Three-Way Decision in Broad Senses; Rental Market Data Mining; and Applications of Deep Learning and Soft Computing.
Rough Sets: International Joint Conference, IJCRS 2024, Halifax, NS, Canada, May 17–20, 2024, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14839)
by Pawan Lingras Dominik Ślęzak Yan Zhang Chris Cornelis JingTao Yao Mengjun HuThis two-volume set LNAI 14839-14840 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Rough Sets, IJCRS 2024, held in Halifax, NS, Canada, during May 17–20, 2024. The 43 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 56 submissions. They are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Rough Set Models and Foundations; Rule Induction and Machine Learning; Granular Computing; and Rough Set Applications. Part II: Three-Way Decision and Rough Sets; Three-Way Decision in Data Analytics; Three-Way Decision in Broad Senses; Rental Market Data Mining; and Applications of Deep Learning and Soft Computing.
Rough Sets: International Joint Conference, IJCRS 2018, Quy Nhon, Vietnam, August 20-24, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11103)
by Hung Son Nguyen Quang-Thuy Ha Tianrui Li Małgorzata Przybyła-KasperekThis LNAI 1103 constitutes the proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Rough Sets, IJCRS 2018, held in Quy Nhon, Vietnam, in August 2018.The 40 full papers presented together with 5 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 61 submissions. The IJCRS conferences aim at bringing together experts from universities and research centers as well as the industry representing fields of research in which theoretical and applicational aspects of rough set theory already find or may potentially find usage.
Rough Sets
by Lech Polkowski Yiyu Yao Piotr Artiemjew Davide Ciucci Dun Liu Dominik Ślęzak Beata ZieloskoDecision trees and decision rule systems are widely used in different applications as algorithms for problem solving, as predictors, and as a way for knowledge representation. Reducts play key role in the problem of attribute (feature) selection. The aims of this book are (i) the consideration of the sets of decision trees, rules and reducts; (ii) study of relationships among these objects; (iii) design of algorithms for construction of trees, rules and reducts; and (iv) obtaining bounds on their complexity. Applications for supervised machine learning, discrete optimization, analysis of acyclic programs, fault diagnosis, and pattern recognition are considered also. This is a mixture of research monograph and lecture notes. It contains many unpublished results. However, proofs are carefully selected to be understandable for students. The results considered in this book can be useful for researchers in machine learning, data mining and knowledge discovery, especially for those who are working in rough set theory, test theory and logical analysis of data. The book can be used in the creation of courses for graduate students.
Rough Sets: International Joint Conference, IJCRS 2017, Olsztyn, Poland, July 3–7, 2017, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10313)
by Beata Zielosko Dominik Ślęzak Dun Liu Davide Ciucci Piotr Artiemjew Yiyu Yao Lech PolkowskiDecision trees and decision rule systems are widely used in different applications as algorithms for problem solving, as predictors, and as a way for knowledge representation. Reducts play key role in the problem of attribute (feature) selection. The aims of this book are (i) the consideration of the sets of decision trees, rules and reducts; (ii) study of relationships among these objects; (iii) design of algorithms for construction of trees, rules and reducts; and (iv) obtaining bounds on their complexity. Applications for supervised machine learning, discrete optimization, analysis of acyclic programs, fault diagnosis, and pattern recognition are considered also. This is a mixture of research monograph and lecture notes. It contains many unpublished results. However, proofs are carefully selected to be understandable for students. The results considered in this book can be useful for researchers in machine learning, data mining and knowledge discovery, especially for those who are working in rough set theory, test theory and logical analysis of data. The book can be used in the creation of courses for graduate students.
Round Up: A Texas Counting Book
by Carol CraneVarious objects, animals, and people associated with the state of Texas are presented in short rhymes, with added commentary, and used to illustrate counting, multiplying, and adding.