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RtI in Math: Evidence-Based Interventions
by Linda Forbringer Wendy WeberLearn how to help K–8 students who struggle in math. Now in its second edition, this book provides a variety of clear, practical strategies that can be implemented right away to boost student achievement. Discover how to design lessons that work with struggling learners, implement math intervention recommendations from the Institute of Education Sciences Practice Guides, the National Center on Intensive Intervention, and CEC, use praise and self-motivation more effectively, develop number sense and computational fluency, teach whole numbers and fractions, increase students’ problem-solving abilities, and more! This edition features an all-new overview of effective instructional practices to support academic engagement and success, ideas for intensifying instruction within tiered interventions, and a detailed set of recommendations aligned to both CCSSM and CEC/CEEDAR’s High-Leverage Practices to help support students struggling to meet grade-level expectations. Extensive, current examples are provided for each strategy, as well as lesson plans, games, and resources.
RtI in Math: Evidence-Based Interventions for Struggling Students
by Wendy Fuchs Linda ForbringerLearn how to help K–8 students who struggle in math. This book provides a variety of clear, practical strategies that can be implemented right away to boost student achievement. You will find out how to design lessons that work with struggling learners, implement the recommendations for math intervention from the What Works Clearinghouse, use praise and self-motivation more effectively, develop number sense and computational fluency, teach whole numbers and fractions, increase students’ problem-solving abilities, and more! Extensive examples are provided for each strategy, as well as lesson plans, games, and resources.
Ruby Makes It Even!: Odd/even Numbers (Math Matters)
by Lisa HarkraderDiscover Math Matters! With over 15 million books sold worldwide, this award-winning series of easy-to-read books will help young readers ages 5–8 approach math with enthusiasm. Great for fans of MathStart or Step into Reading Math. Ruby and her two best friends are excited about going to the amusement park. That is, until they discover that the rides they want to go on have seats for two, not three. Someone will have to ride alone—or will they?With engaging stories that connect math to kids&’ everyday lives, each book in the Teachers&’ Choice Award–winning Math Matters series focuses on a single concept and reinforces math vocabulary and skills. Bonus activities in the back of each book feature math and reading comprehension questions, and even more free activities online add to the fun! (Math topic: Odd/Even Numbers)
Ruggiero Boscovich’s Theory of Natural Philosophy: Points, Distances, Determinations (Science Networks. Historical Studies #60)
by Luca GuzzardiDrawing on published works, correspondence and manuscripts, this book offers the most comprehensive reconstruction of Boscovich’s theory within its historical context. It explains the genesis and theoretical as well as epistemological underpinnings in light of the Jesuit tradition to which Boscovich belonged, and contrasts his ideas with those of Newton, Leibniz, and their legacy. Finally, it debates crucial issues in early-modern physical science such as the concept of force, the particle-like structure of matter, the idea of material points and the notion of continuity, and shares novel insights on Boscovich’s alleged influence on later developments in physics. With its attempt to reduce all natural forces to one single law, Boscovich’s Theory of Natural Philosophy, published in 1758, left a lasting impression on scientists and philosophers of every age regarding the fundamental unity of physical phenomena. The theory argues that every pair of material points is subject to one mutual force — and always the same force — which is their propensity to be mutually attracted or repelled, depending on their distance from one another. Furthermore, the action of this unique force is visualized through a famous diagram that fascinated generations of scientists. But his understanding of key terms of the theory — such as the notion of force involved and the very idea of a material point — is only ostensibly similar to our current conceptual framework. Indeed, it needs to be clarified within the plurality of contexts in which it has emerged rather than being considered in view of later developments.The book is recommended for scholars and students interested in the ideas of the early modern period, especially historians and philosophers of science, mathematicians and physicists with an interest in the history of the discipline, and experts on Jesuit science and philosophy.
Rule of Three, Percentages and Interest: Handling Formulas Made Easy (essentials)
by Thomas RießingerIn this essential, Thomas Rießinger explains the rules of percentage and interest calculation using many examples. The basic terms of interest and percentage calculation and the corresponding formulas are repeated so that they are easy to apply in everyday life. The author applies the percentage calculation to interest rate problems and introduces different types of three-sentence calculation.This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Dreisatz, Prozente und Zinsen by Thomas Rießinger, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2016. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Ruler and the Round: Classic Problems in Geometric Constructions (Dover Books on Mathematics)
by Nicholas D. KazarinoffAlthough easy to comprehend and fun to do, many geometric constructions defy completion with just a ruler and a compass. This book takes an intriguing look at the most famous of these "impossible" constructions. In exploring ground rules, history, and angle trisection, the first part considers angle trisection and bird migration, constructed points, analytic geometry, algebraic classification of constructible numbers, fields of real numbers, cubic equations, and marked ruler, quadratix, and hyperbola (among other subjects). The second part treats nonconstructible regular polygons and the algebra associated with them; specifically, irreducibility and factorization, unique factorization of quadratic integers, finite dimensional vector spaces, algebraic fields, and nonconstructible regular polygons. High school and college students as well as amateur mathematicians will appreciate this stimulating and provocative book, and its glimpses into the crucial role geometry plays in a wide range of mathematical applications.
Rules and Reasoning: Second International Joint Conference, RuleML+RR 2018, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, September 18–21, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11092)
by Christoph Benzmüller Francesco Ricca Xavier Parent Dumitru RomanThis book constitutes the proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning, RuleML+RR 2018, held in Luxembourg during September 2018. This is the second conference of a new series, joining the efforts of two existing conference series, namely “RuleML” (International Web Rule Symposium) and “RR” (Web Reasoning and Rule Systems).The 10 full research papers presented together with 5 long technical communications and 7 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions.
Rules and Reasoning: Third International Joint Conference, RuleML+RR 2019, Bolzano, Italy, September 16–19, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11784)
by Paul Fodor Marco Montali Diego Calvanese Dumitru RomanThis book constitutes the proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning, RuleML+RR 2019, held in Bolzano, Italy, during September 2019. This is the third conference of a new series, joining the efforts of two existing conference series, namely “RuleML” (International Web Rule Symposium) and “RR” (Web Reasoning and Rule Systems). The 10 full research papers presented together with 5 short technical communications papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions.
The Rules of Contagion: Why Things Spread--And Why They Stop
by Adam KucharskiFrom ideas and infections to financial crises and fake news, an "utterly timely" look at why the science of outbreaks is the science of modern lifeThese days, whenever anything spreads, whether it's a YouTube fad or a political rumor, we say it went viral. But how does virality actually work? In The Rules of Contagion, epidemiologist Adam Kucharski explores topics including gun violence, online manipulation, and, of course, outbreaks of disease to show how much we get wrong about contagion, and how astonishing the real science is. Why did the president retweet a Mussolini quote as his own? Why do financial bubbles take off so quickly? Why are disinformation campaigns so effective? And what makes the emergence of new illnesses -- such as MERS, SARS, or the coronavirus disease COVID-19 -- so challenging? By uncovering the crucial factors driving outbreaks, we can see how things really spread -- and what we can do about it.Whether you are an author seeking an audience, a defender of truth, or simply someone interested in human social behavior, The Rules of Contagion is an essential guide to modern life.
The Run to the Pennant: A Multiple Equilibria Approach to Professional Sports Leagues
by Stephen T Easton Duane W RockerbieA number of clubs in professional sports leagues exhibit winning streaks over a number of consecutive seasons that do not conform to the standard economic model of a professional sports league developed by El Hodiri and Quirk (1994) and Fort and Quirk (1995). These clubs appear to display what we term "unsustainable runs", defined as a period of two to four seasons where the club acquires expensive talent and attempts to win a league championship despite not having the market size to sustain such a competitive position in the long run. The standard model predicts that clubs that locate in large economic markets will tend to acquire more talent, achieve more success on the field and at the box office than clubs that are located in small markets. This book builds a model that can allow unsustainable runs yet retains most of the features of the standard model. The model is then subjected to empirical verification. The new model we develop in the book has as its central feature the possibility of generating two equilibria for a club. In the empirical sections of the book, we use time-series analysis to attempt to test for the presence of unsustainable runs using historical data from National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), National Hockey League (NHL) and Major League Baseball (MLB). The multiple equilibria model retains all of the features of the standard model of a professional sports league that is accepted quite universally by economists, yet it offers a much richer approach by including an exploration of the effects of revenues that are earned at the league level (television, apparel, naming rights, etc.) that are then shared by all of the member clubs, making this book unique and of great interest to scholars in a variety of fields in economics.
The Runmakers: A New Way to Rate Baseball Players
by Frederick E. TaylorStatistics are the lifeblood of baseball. Managers pore over batting averages to determine game day lineups and batting orders; high number of runs batted in and low earned run averages receive praise from the press, higher salaries from the front office, and love from fans; and the fate of fantasy baseball players rises and falls with each statistical change. The prominence of the RC/27 and other more complex, formula-driven stats has made numbers even more important to understanding and appreciating the game. For all these baseball buffs and more, Frederick E. Taylor provides a new measure of hitting prowess that just might be a game changer. Taylor's potential runs per game (PRG) measure accounts for batters getting on base, advancing runners, and driving in runs, and it separates leadoff and second batters from those in the middle of the order. Taylor introduces the measure, explains how it works, and applies it to players past and present. He breaks the history of major league baseball into eight eras based on differences in runs scored per game. He systematically—player-by-player and position-by-position—compares the results of the PRG measure to those drawn from other statistics, such as on-base percentage and slugging average. Taylor shows that PRG is more accurate and that career clutch hitting is a myth.Sabermetricians, baseball fans of all stripes, and anyone who earns a living from the sport will find a wealth of information and a whole new set of stats to obsess over in The Runmakers. Measuring baseball will never be the same.
Running Records: Authentic Instruction in Early Childhood Education
by Mary SheaThe most effective way to understand what a child knows about the reading process is to take a running record. In Running Records, Mary Shea demonstrates how teachers can use this powerful tool to design lessons that decrease reading difficulties, build on strengths, and stimulate motivation, ensuring that children develop self-sustaining learning strategies. Special Features include: a step-by-step outline for taking efficient running records guidance in running record analysis: readers will learn how to use running record data to determine a child’s level of decoding skill, comprehension, fluency, and overall reading confidence a Companion Website offering videos of the running record process, sample running records for analysis, and numerous other resources In order to meet the multi-faceted needs of children in today's classrooms, teachers must be knowledgeable about literacy concepts. Running Records provides that invaluable knowledge, making it an ideal text for literacy courses for pre-service teachers and a key professional reference for in-service teachers.
Running Regressions
by Michelle Baddeley Diana BarrowcloughRunning Regressions introduces first-year social science undergraduates, particularly those studying economics and business, to the practical aspects of simple regression analysis, without adopting an esoteric, mathematical approach. It shows that statistical analysis can be simultaneously straightforward, useful and interesting, and can deal with topical, real-world issues. Each chapter introduces an economic theory or idea by relating it to an issue of topical interest, and explains how data and econometric analysis can be used to test it. The book can be used as a self-standing text or to supplement conventional econometric texts. It is also ideally suited as a guide to essays and project work.
Runtime Verification: 18th International Conference, RV 2018, Limassol, Cyprus, November 10–13, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11237)
by Christian Colombo Martin LeuckerThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Runtime Verification, RV 2018, held in Limassol, Cyprus, in November 2018. The 21 full papers presented together with 3 short papers and 3 tool papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. The RV conference is concerned with all aspects of monitoring and analysis of hardware, software and more general system executions. Runtime verification techniques are lightweight techniques to assess correctness, reliability, and robustness; these techniques are significantly more powerful and versatile than conventional testing, and more practical than exhaustive formal verification.Chapter “Hardware-based Runtime Verification with Embedded Tracing Units and Stream Processing” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Runtime Verification: 20th International Conference, RV 2020, Los Angeles, CA, USA, October 6–9, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12399)
by Jyotirmoy Deshmukh Dejan NičkovićThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Runtime Verification, RV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in October 2020. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 14 regular papers and 2 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. Also included are an invited paper, 5 tutorial papers, 6 tool papers, and a benchmark paper. The RV conference is concerned with all aspects of monitoring and analysis of hardware, software and more general system executions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: runtime verification for autonomy; runtime verification for software; runtime verification with temporal logic specifications; stream-based monitoring; and runtime verification for cyber-physical systems.
Runtime Verification: 19th International Conference, RV 2019, Porto, Portugal, October 8–11, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11757)
by Bernd Finkbeiner Leonardo MarianiThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Runtime Verification, RV 2019, held in Porto, Portugal, in October 2019.The 25 regular papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions.The RV conference is concerned with all aspects of monitoring and analysis of hardware, software and more general system executions. Runtime verification techniques are lightweight techniques to assess system correctness, reliability, and robustness; these techniques are significantly more powerful and versatile than conventional testing, and more practical than exhaustive formal verification.Chapter “Assumption-Based Runtime Verification with Partial Observability and Resets” and chapter “NuRV: a nuXmv Extension for Runtime Verification“ are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Runtime Verification: 23rd International Conference, RV 2023, Thessaloniki, Greece, October 3–6, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14245)
by Panagiotis Katsaros Laura NenziThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Runtime Verification, RV 2023, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, during October 3–6, 2023. The 13 full papers and 7 short papers presented in this book together with 4 tutorial papers and 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. The RV conference is concerned with all aspects of novel lightweight formal methods to monitor, analyze, and guide the runtime behavior of software and hardware systems. Runtime verification techniques are crucial for system correctness, reliability, and robustness; they provide an additional level of rigor and effectiveness compared to conventional testing and are generally more practical than exhaustive formal verification.
Rural Aging in 21st Century America
by J. V. Edmund Nina Glasgow E. Helen BerryThis book investigates sociological, demographic and geographic aspects of aging in rural and nonmetropolitan areas of the United States. Population aging is one of the most important trends of the 20th and 21st centuries, and it is occurring worldwide, especially in more developed countries such as the United States. Population aging is more rapid in rural than urban areas of the U.S. In 2010, 15 percent of the nonmetropolitan compared to 12 percent of the metropolitan population were 65 years of age and older. By definition rural communities have smaller sized populations, and more limited healthcare, transportation and other aging-relevant services than do urban areas. It is thus especially important to study and understand aging in rural environments. Rural Aging in 21st Century America contributes evidence-based, policy-relevant information on rural aging in the U.S. A primary objective of the book is to improve understanding of what makes the experience of rural aging different from aging in urban areas and to increase understanding of the aged change the nature of rural places. The book addresses unique features of rural aging across economic, racial/ethnic, migration and other structures and patterns, all with a focus on debunking myths about rural aging and to emphasize opportunities and challenges that rural places and older people experience.
Rural and Small-Town America: Context, Composition, and Complexities (Sociology in the Twenty-First Century #9)
by Tim Slack Shannon M MonnatContemporary America is centered around urban society. Most Americans reside in cities or their surrounding suburbs, and both the media and modern American sociology focus disproportionately on urban life. Rural and Small-Town America looks at what we can learn from rural society and confronts common myths and misunderstandings about rural people and places. Tim Slack and Shannon M. Monnat examine social, economic, and demographic changes and how these changes pose both problems and opportunities for rural communities. They assess changes in population size and composition, economies and livelihoods, ethnoracial diversity and inequities, population health and health disparities, and politics and policies. The central focus of this book is that rural America is no paragon of stability. Social change abounds, accompanied by new challenges. Through analysis of empirical evidence, demographic data, and policy debates, readers will glean insights about rural America and the United States as a whole.
Rural Change in Australia: Population, Economy, Environment (Perspectives On Rural Policy And Planning Ser.)
by John ConnellNew twenty-first century economic, social and environmental changes have challenged and reshaped rural Australia. They range from ageing populations, youth out-migration, immigration policies (that seek to place skilled migrants in rural Australia), tree changers, agricultural restructuring and new relationships with indigenous populations. Challenges also exist around the 'patchwork economy' and the wealth that the mining boom offers some areas, while threatening regional economic decline in others. Rural Australia is increasingly not simply a place of production of agriculture and minerals but an idea that individuals seek and are encouraged to consume. The socio-economic implications of drought, water rights and changing farming practices, have prefaced new social, cultural and economic reforms. This book provides a contemporary perspective on rapidly evolving population, economic and environmental changes in 'rural and regional Australia', itself a significant concept. Bringing together a range of empirical studies, the book builds on established rural studies themes such as population change, economic restructuring and globalisation in agriculture but links such changes to environmental change, culture, class, gender, and ethnic diversity. Presenting original and in-depth interventions on these issues and their intersections, this book assembles the best of contemporary research on rural Australia.
Rural Planning in Developing Countries: Report on the Second Rehovoth Conference Israel, August 1963
by Raanan WeitzFirst published in 1965, this reissue is a report on the Second Rehovoth Conference of August 1963, convened by the then Deputy Prime Minister of Israel, Mr Abba Eban, in order to enable the scientists and political leaders of developing countries to establish meaningful communication on the overall topic of comprehensive planning of agriculture in developing countries. Conference discussions centred on the three main topics of; agricultural planning and rural development; the human factor in agricultural development; and agricultural research, extension, and education.
Russell’s Unknown Logicism: A Study in the History and Philosophy of Mathematics (History of Analytic Philosophy)
by Sébastien GandonIn this excellent book Sebastien Gandon focuses mainly on Russell's two major texts, Principa Mathematica and Principle of Mathematics, meticulously unpicking the details of these texts and bringing a new interpretation of both the mathematical and the philosophical content. Winner of The Bertrand Russell Society Book Award 2013.
Russian Economic Development over Three Centuries: New Data and Inferences
by Masaaki Kuboniwa Yasushi Nakamura Kazuhiro Kumo Yoshisada ShidaThis book aims to provide a comprehensive statistical picture of the Russian economic development covering the Imperial, Soviet, and New Russian periods. The authors have reconstructed Russian socio-economic statistics from both published and archival materials. The book gives concise descriptions as well as new insights on the Russian economic development. Compiled such that estimations by the authors are kept to a minimum and extensive explanations and notes on the sources, the definitions, the statistical methodologies, the problems and inconsistencies of the original data, and the pitfalls of interpreting the time series are given makes this a standard reference book of the Russian economic history. It will be of value to economists, scholars of collectivist economics, and scholars of Russia and the Soviet experience.
Russian-English Dictionary of Mathematics
by Oleg EfimovAn essential book for anyone using Russian mathematical and scientific literature Russian-English Dictionary of Mathematics embraces all major branches of mathematics from elementary topics to advanced studies in topology and discrete mathematics. Terms from the newest branches of mathematics, such as the theories of games, trees, knots, and braids, are included as well.Containing more than 27,000 entries, Russian-English Dictionary of Mathematics is larger and provides a broader scope than any other bilingual mathematics dictionary now in use. Many adjectives and verbs are included, and a copious amount of synonyms are provided for various terms. Secondary terms are grouped under principal terms for easier reference.Russian-English Dictionary of Mathematics provides the most comprehensive vocabulary aid available for translators, readers, and writers of Russian mathematical and scientific literature.
Russia's Engagement with the West: Transformation and Integration in the Twenty-First Century
by Alexander J. Motyl Blair A. Ruble Lilia ShevtsovaThe Putin and Bush presidencies, the 9/11 attack, and the war in Iraq have changed the dynamics of Russian-European-US relations and strained the Western alliance. Featuring contributions by leading experts in the field, this work is the first systematic effort to reassess the status of Russia's modernization efforts in this context. Part I examines political, economic, legal, and cultural developments in Russia for evidence of convergence with Western norms. In Part II, the contributors systematically analyze Russia's relations with the European Union, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and the United States in light of new security concerns and changing economic and power relationships.