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Showing 22,701 through 22,725 of 25,123 results

Stress-Free Math: A Visual Guide to Acing Math in Grades 4-9

by Theresa Fitzgerald

Equipped with the #1 guide to help kids (and their parents) with math homework, students will be able to quickly find the definitions and illustrated examples that will enable them to solve many of the math challenges they face. Covering everything from "addend" to "zero," Stress-Free Math:Is perfect for both kids and their parents looking for help with math homework and the tools to ace the class!Gives students in grades 4–9 more than 400 definitions, full-color illustrations, and examples.Covers subjects like measurement, algebra, geometry, fractions and decimals, statistics and probability, and problem solving.Helps students solve math problems with confidence.Is a fully updated reimagining of the best-selling Math Dictionary for Kids.This well-organized and easy-to-follow quick reference guide includes illustrated, concise explanations of the most common terms used in general math classes. Packed with strategies to help students get better grades and master math concepts without any headaches, this math study guide also discusses how students can use manipulatives and basic math tools to improve their understanding and includes handy measurement conversion tables, guides to geometric shapes, and more. Each concept covered has a concise definition and an example or illustration.

Stress-Free Math: A Visual Guide to Acing Math in Grades 4-9

by Theresa R. Fitzgerald

Equipped with the #1 guide to help kids (and their parents) with math homework, students will be able to quickly find the definitions and illustrated examples that will enable them to solve many of the math challenges they face. Covering everything from "addend" to "zero," Stress-Free Math:Is perfect for both kids and their parents looking for help with math homework and the tools to ace the class!Gives students in grades 4-9 more than 400 definitions, full-color illustrations, and examples.Covers subjects like measurement, algebra, geometry, fractions and decimals, statistics and probability, and problem solving.Helps students solve math problems with confidence.Is a fully updated reimagining of the best-selling Math Dictionary for Kids.This well-organized and easy-to-follow quick reference guide includes illustrated, concise explanations of the most common terms used in general math classes. Packed with strategies to help students get better grades and master math concepts without any headaches, this math study guide also discusses how students can use manipulatives and basic math tools to improve their understanding and includes handy measurement conversion tables, guides to geometric shapes, and more. Each concept covered has a concise definition and an example or illustration.Grades 4-9

Stresses in glaciers: Methods of Calculation

by Peter Halfar

In this book, for the first time, a hitherto unknown general solution of the reliably known stress conditions is presented. This general solution forms a reliable and new starting point to get further in stress calculations than before. In this way, approximately realistic solutions can be found despite a recurring problem: the information deficits that are unavoidable due to the difficulty of exploring glaciers. This issue is demonstrated by the example of stagnating glaciers. For horizontally isotropic homogeneous tabular iceberg models, even mathematically exact unambiguous solutions of all relevant conditions are presented. All calculations use only elementary arithmetic operations, differentiations and integrations. The mathematical fundamentals are presented in detail and explained in many application examples. The integral operators specific to calculations of stresses facilitate the mathematical considerations. The stand-alone text allows the reader to understand what is involved even without considering the formulas. The author Peter Halfar is a theoretical physicist. He also developed a model of the movement of large ice caps (1983), which is still in use today.

Stretching and Shrinking: Understanding Similarity (Texas)

by Glenda Lappan James T. Fey William M. Fitzgerald Susan N. Friel Elizabeth Difanis Phillips Michelle Barbera

NIMAC-sourced textbook

Stretching and Shrinking, Understanding Similarity

by Glenda Lappan James T. Fey William M. Fitzgerald Susan N. Friel Elizabeth Difanis Phillips

NIMAC-sourced textbook

Strict Convexity and Complex Strict Convexity: Theory and Applications

by Istratescu

This important work provides a comprehensive overview of the properties of Banachspaces related to strict convexity and a survey of significant applications-uniting a wealthof information previously scattered throughout the mathematical literature in a well-organized,accessible format.After introducing the subject through a discussion of the basic results of linear functionalanalysis, this unique book proceeds to investigate the characteristics of strictly convexspaces and related classes, including uniformly convex spaces, and examine important applicationsregarding approximation theory and fixed point theory. Following this extensivetreatment, the book discusses complex strictly convex spaces and related spaces- alsowith applications. Complete, clearly elucidated proofs accompany results throughout thebook, and ample references are provided to aid further research of the subject.Strict Convexity and Complex Strict Convexity is essential fot mathematicians and studentsinterested in geometric theory of Banach spaces and applications to approximationtheory and fixed point theory, and is of great value to engineers working in optimizationstudies. In addition, this volume serves as an excellent text for a graduate course inGeometric Theory of Banach Spaces.

Strict Finitism and the Logic of Mathematical Applications

by Feng Ye

This book intends to show that radical naturalism (or physicalism), nominalism and strict finitism account for the applications of classical mathematics in current scientific theories. The applied mathematical theories developed in the book include the basics of calculus, metric space theory, complex analysis, Lebesgue integration, Hilbert spaces, and semi-Riemann geometry (sufficient for the applications in classical quantum mechanics and general relativity). The fact that so much applied mathematics can be developed within such a weak, strictly finitistic system, is surprising in itself. It also shows that the applications of those classical theories to the finite physical world can be translated into the applications of strict finitism, which demonstrates the applicability of those classical theories without assuming the literal truth of those theories or the reality of infinity. Both professional researchers and students of philosophy of mathematics will benefit greatly from reading this book.

String Field Theory: A Modern Introduction (Lecture Notes in Physics #980)

by Harold Erbin

This textbook provides an introduction to string field theory (SFT). String theory is usually formulated in the worldsheet formalism, which describes a single string (first-quantization). While this approach is intuitive and could be pushed far due to the exceptional properties of two-dimensional theories, it becomes cumbersome for some questions or even fails at a more fundamental level. These motivations have led to the development of SFT, a description of string theory using the field theory formalism (second-quantization). As a field theory, SFT provides a rigorous and constructive formulation of string theory. The main focus of the book is the construction of the closed bosonic SFT. The accent is put on providing the reader with the foundations, conceptual understanding and intuition of what SFT is. After reading this book, the reader is able to study the applications from the literature. The book is organized in two parts. The first part reviews the notions of the worldsheet theory that are necessary to build SFT (worldsheet path integral, CFT and BRST quantization). The second part starts by introducing general concepts of SFT from the BRST quantization. Then, it introduces off-shell string amplitudes before providing a Feynman diagrams interpretation from which the building blocks of SFT are extracted. After constructing the closed SFT, the author outlines the proofs of several important properties such as background independence, unitarity and crossing symmetry. Finally, the generalization to the superstring is also discussed.

String Figures as Mathematics?

by Eric Vandendriessche

This book addresses the mathematical rationality contained in the making of string figures. It does so by using interdisciplinary methods borrowed from anthropology, mathematics, history and philosophy of mathematics. The practice of string figure-making has long been carried out in many societies, and particularly in those of oral tradition. It consists in applying a succession of operations to a string (knotted into a loop), mostly using the fingers and sometimes the feet, the wrists or the mouth. This succession of operations is intended to generate a final figure. The book explores different modes of conceptualization of the practice of string figure-making and analyses various source material through these conceptual tools: it looks at research by mathematicians, as well as ethnographical publications, and personal fieldwork findings in the Chaco, Paraguay, and in the Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, which all give evidence of the rationality that underlies this activity. It concludes that the creation of string figures may be seen as the result of intellectual processes, involving the elaboration of algorithms, and concepts such as operation, sub-procedure, iteration, and transformation.

String-Net Construction of RCFT Correlators (SpringerBriefs in Mathematical Physics #45)

by Jürgen Fuchs Christoph Schweigert Yang Yang

This book studies using string-net models to accomplish a direct, purely two-dimensional, approach to correlators of two-dimensional rational conformal field theories. The authors obtain concise geometric expressions for the objects describing bulk and boundary fields in terms of idempotents in the cylinder category of the underlying modular fusion category, comprising more general classes of fields than is standard in the literature. Combining these idempotents with Frobenius graphs on the world sheet yields string nets that form a consistent system of correlators, i.e. a system of invariants under appropriate mapping class groups that are compatible with factorization. The authors extract operator products of field objects from specific correlators; the resulting operator products are natural algebraic expressions that make sense beyond semisimplicity. They also derive an Eckmann-Hilton relation internal to a braided category, thereby demonstrating the utility of string nets for understanding algebra in braided tensor categories. Finally, they introduce the notion of a universal correlator. This systematizes the treatment of situations in which different world sheets have the same correlator and allows for the definition of a more comprehensive mapping class group.

String Processing and Information Retrieval: 31st International Symposium, SPIRE 2024, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, September 23–25, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14899)

by Zsuzsanna Lipták Edleno Moura Karina Figueroa Ricardo Baeza-Yates

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 31st International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval, SPIRE 2024, held in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, during September 23–25, 2024. The 22 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 41 submissions. The papers reflect the continuation of the long and well-established tradition of encouraging high-quality research at the broad nexus of string processing, information retrieval, and computational biology.

String Processing and Information Retrieval: 30th International Symposium, SPIRE 2023, Pisa, Italy, September 26–28, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14240)

by Franco Maria Nardini Nadia Pisanti Rossano Venturini

This volume LNCS 14240 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval, SPIRE 2023, held in Pisa, Italy, during September 26–28, 2023. The 31 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. They cover topics such as: data structures; algorithms; constrained Substring complexity; data compression codes; succinct k-spectra; and LCP array of wheeler DFAs.

String, Straightedge, and Shadow: The Story of Geometry

by Julia E. Diggins

This book explains how the basic principles of elementary geometry were discovered over 2,000 years ago. Indicates the major roles played by the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece.

String Theory and M-Theory: A Modern Introduction

by Katrin Becker Melanie Becker John H. Schwarz

String theory is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of modern theoretical physics. This book guides the reader from the basics of string theory to recent developments. It introduces the basics of perturbative string theory, world-sheet supersymmetry, space-time supersymmetry, conformal field theory and the heterotic string, before describing modern developments, including D-branes, string dualities and M-theory. It then covers string geometry and flux compactifications, applications to cosmology and particle physics, black holes in string theory and M-theory, and the microscopic origin of black-hole entropy. It concludes with Matrix theory, the AdS/CFT duality and its generalizations. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in modern string theory, and will make an excellent textbook for a one-year course on string theory. It contains over 120 exercises with solutions, and over 200 homework problems with solutions available on a password protected website for lecturers at www. cambridge. org/9780521860697.

Strings to Strings: Yang-Mills Flux Tubes, QCD Strings and Effective String Theories (Lecture Notes in Physics #1018)

by N. D. Hari Dass

This book presents the essentials culminating in the effective string theory of flux tubes in meticulous technical and conceptual detail. The book is divided into four parts. Part One provides historical background, while Part Two (consisting of 14 chapters) covers the passage from Heisenberg's S-matrix theory to String Theory. This includes non-perturbative LSZ formalism, dispersion relations, Regge poles, duality and dual resonance models. Part Three offers a comprehensive analysis of QCD, focusing on important concepts like asymptotic freedom and quark confinement. The section also delves into lattice gauge theories and effective descriptions of superconductivity and strong interactions. Part Four, the final two chapters, describe the lattice gauge theory determinations of Yang-Mills flux tubes in three and four dimensions and effective string theories, including their systematic constructions. These chapters provide detailed technical information to help readers, especially students, develop their expertise in these ideas. This book is ideal for graduate students, postdocs, and senior researchers looking to deepen their understanding of effective string theory and related concepts.

Strong and Weak Approximation of Semilinear Stochastic Evolution Equations

by Raphael Kruse

In this book we analyze the error caused by numerical schemes for the approximation of semilinear stochastic evolution equations (SEEq) in a Hilbert space-valued setting. The numerical schemes considered combine Galerkin finite element methods with Euler-type temporal approximations. Starting from a precise analysis of the spatio-temporal regularity of the mild solution to the SEEq, we derive and prove optimal error estimates of the strong error of convergence in the first part of the book. The second part deals with a new approach to the so-called weak error of convergence, which measures the distance between the law of the numerical solution and the law of the exact solution. This approach is based on Bismut's integration by parts formula and the Malliavin calculus for infinite dimensional stochastic processes. These techniques are developed and explained in a separate chapter, before the weak convergence is proven for linear SEEq.

Strong Fermion Interactions in Fractional Quantum Hall States: Correlation Functions (Springer Series In Solid-state Sciences Ser. #193)

by Shashikant Mulay John J. Quinn Mark Shattuck

This monograph presents an intuitive theory of trial wave functions for strongly interacting fermions in fractional quantum Hall states. The correlation functions for the proposed fermion interactions follow a novel algebraic approach that harnesses the classical theory of invariants and semi-invariants of binary forms. This approach can be viewed as a fitting and far-reaching generalization of Laughlin’s approach to trial wave functions. Aesthetically viewed, it illustrates an attractive symbiosis between the theory of invariants and the theory of correlations. Early research into numerical diagonalization computations for small numbers of electrons shows strong agreement with the constructed trial wave functions.The monograph offers researchers and students of condensed matter physics an accessible discussion of this interesting area of research.

Strongly Correlated Systems

by Adolfo Avella Ferdinando Mancini

This volume presents, for the very first time, an exhaustive collection of those modern numerical methods specifically tailored for the analysis of Strongly Correlated Systems. Many novel materials, with functional properties emerging from macroscopic quantum behaviors at the frontier of modern research in physics, chemistry and material science, belong to this class of systems. Any technique is presented in great detail by its own inventor or by one of the world-wide recognized main contributors. The exposition has a clear pedagogical cut and fully reports on the most relevant case study where the specific technique showed to be very successful in describing and enlightening the puzzling physics of a particular strongly correlated system. The book is intended for advanced graduate students and post-docs in the field as textbook and/or main reference, but also for other researchers in the field who appreciate consulting a single, but comprehensive, source or wishes to get acquainted, in a as painless as possible way, with the working details of a specific technique.

Strongly Coupled Field Theories for Condensed Matter and Quantum Information Theory: Proceedings, International Institute of Physics, Natal, Rn, Brazil, 2–21 August 2015 (Springer Proceedings in Physics #239)

by Alvaro Ferraz Kumar S. Gupta Gordon Walter Semenoff Pasquale Sodano

This book presents a selection of advanced lectures from leading researchers, providing recent theoretical results on strongly coupled quantum field theories. It also analyzes their use for describing new quantum states, which are physically realizable in condensed matter, cold-atomic systems, as well as artificial materials. It particularly focuses on the engineering of these states in quantum devices and novel materials useful for quantum information processing. The book offers graduate students and young researchers in the field of modern condensed matter theory an updated review of the most relevant theoretical methods used in strongly coupled field theory and string theory. It also provides the tools for understanding their relevance in describing the emergence of new quantum states in a variety of physical settings. Specifically, this proceedings book summarizes new and previously unrelated developments in modern condensed matter physics, in particular: the interface of condensed matter theory and quantum information theory; the interface of condensed matter physics and the mathematics emerging from the classification of the topological phases of matter, such as topological insulators and topological superconductors; and the simulation of condensed matter systems with cold atoms in optical lattices.

Strongly Irreducible Operators on Hilbert Space

by ChunLan Jiang

This volume provides a comprehensive treatment of strongly irreducible operators acting on a complex separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space, and to expose and reflect the internal structure of operators by analyzing and studying irreducibility of operators. Much of the material presented here appears in book form for the first time.

Struck by Genius: How a Brain Injury Made Me a Mathematical Marvel

by Jason Padgett Maureen Seaberg

Jason Padgett was an ordinary, not terribly bright, 41-year-old working in his father's furniture shop when he was the victim of a brutal mugging outside a karaoke bar in 2002.That same night his stepfather died of cancer, and two weeks later his only brother went missing (his body was discovered three year later). The combined traumas of these three events proved, unsurprisingly, too much for Jason and he withdrew from life completely, living as a hermit for four years suffering with agoraphobia and the onset of OCD. During this time he developed a fascination with the principles of the physical universe, devouring mathematics and physics journals. He also started to see intricate webs of shapes in his head and discovered that he could draw these by hand.A chance encounter in a mall pointed him in the direction of college. There, his extraordinary mind was recognised, and he was set on a path in which his drawings were identified as mathematical fractals and neuroscientists were able to diagnose a unique individual.Jason is a miraculous everyman with an inspiring 'what if' story that pushes beyond the boundaries of what scientists thought possible.

Structural Additive Theory

by David J. Grynkiewicz

Nestled between number theory, combinatorics, algebra and analysis lies a rapidly developing subject in mathematics variously known as additive combinatorics, additive number theory, additive group theory, and combinatorial number theory. Its main objects of study are not abelian groups themselves, but rather the additive structure of subsets and subsequences of an abelian group, i.e., sumsets and subsequence sums. This text is a hybrid of a research monograph and an introductory graduate textbook. With few exceptions, all results presented are self-contained, written in great detail, and only reliant upon material covered in an advanced undergraduate curriculum supplemented with some additional Algebra, rendering this book usable as an entry-level text. However, it will perhaps be of even more interest to researchers already in the field. The majority of material is not found in book form and includes many new results as well. Even classical results, when included, are given in greater generality or using new proof variations. The text has a particular focus on results of a more exact and precise nature, results with strong hypotheses and yet stronger conclusions, and on fundamental aspects of the theory. Also included are intricate results often neglected in other texts owing to their complexity. Highlights include an extensive treatment of Freiman Homomorphisms and the Universal Ambient Group of sumsets A+B, an entire chapter devoted to Hamidoune's Isoperimetric Method, a novel generalization allowing infinite summands in finite sumset questions, weighted zero-sum problems treated in the general context of viewing homomorphisms as weights, and simplified proofs of the Kemperman Structure Theorem and the Partition Theorem for setpartitions.

Structural Analysis of Metallic Glasses with Computational Homology

by Akihiko Hirata Kaname Matsue Mingwei Chen

This book introduces the application of computational homology for structural analysis of metallic glasses. Metallic glasses, relatively new materials in the field of metals, are the next-generation structural and functional materials owing to their excellent properties. To understand their properties and to develop novel metallic glass materials, it is necessary to uncover their atomic structures which have no periodicity, unlike crystals. Although many experimental and simulation studies have been performed to reveal the structures, it is extremely difficult to perceive a relationship between structures and properties without an appropriate point of view, or language. The purpose here is to show how a new approach using computational homology gives a useful insight into the interpretation of atomic structures. It is noted that computational homology has rapidly developed and is now widely applied for various data analyses. The book begins with a brief basic survey of metallic glasses and computational homology, then goes on to the detailed procedures and interpretation of computational homology analysis for metallic glasses. Understandable and readable information for both materials scientists and mathematicians is also provided.

Structural Change, Productivity, and Climate Nexus in Agriculture: An Eastern European Perspective

by Tomas Baležentis Dalia Štreimikienė Nelė Jurkėnaitė Vida Dabkienė

This monograph addresses the methodological and empirical issues relevant for the development of sustainable agriculture, with a particular focus on Eastern Europe. It relates economic growth to the other dimensions of sustainability by applying integrated methods. The book comprises five chapters dedicated to the theoretical approaches towards sustainable rural development, productivity analysis, structural change analysis and environmental footprint. The book focuses on the transformations of the agricultural sector while taking into account economic, environmental, and social dynamics. The importance of agricultural transformations to the livelihood of the rural population and food security are highlighted. Further, advanced methodologies and frameworks are presented to fathom the underlying trends in different facets of agricultural production. The authors present statistical methods used for the analysis of agricultural sustainability along with applications for agriculture in the European Union. Additionally, they discuss the measures of efficiency, methodological approaches and empirical models. Finally, the book applies econometric and optimization techniques, which are useful for the estimation of the production functions and other representations of technology in the case of the European Union member states. Therefore, the book is a must-read for researchers and students of agricultural and production economics, as well as policy-makers and academia in general.

Structural Dynamic Systems Computational Techniques and Optimization: Finite Element Analysis Techniques (Gordon And Breach International Series In Engineering, Technolo Ser.)

by Cornelius T. Leondes

The finite element, an approximation method for solving differential equations of mathematical physics, is a highly effective technique in the analysis and design, or synthesis, of structural dynamic systems. Starting from the system differential equations and its boundary conditions, what is referred to as a weak form of the problem (elaborated in the text) is developed in a variational sense. This variational statement is used to define elemental properties that may be written as matrices and vectors as well as to identify primary and secondary boundaries and all possible boundary conditions. Specific equilibrium problems are also solved. This book clearly reveals the effectiveness and great significance of the finite element method available and the essential role it will play in the future as further development occurs.

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