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Short-Cut Math (Dover Books on Mathematics)
by Gerard W. KellyCan you multiply 362 x .5 quickly in your head? Could you readily calculate the square of 41? How much is 635 divided by 2½? Can 727,648 be evenly divided by 8? If any of these questions took you more than a few seconds to solve, you need this book. Short-Cut Math is a concise, remarkably clear compendium of about 150 math short-cuts -- timesaving tricks that provide faster, easier ways to add, subtract, multiply, and divide.By using the simple foolproof methods in this volume, you can double or triple your calculation speed -- even if you always hated math in school. Here's a sampling of the amazingly effective techniques you will learn in minutes: Adding by 10 Groups; No-Carry Addition; Subtraction Without Borrowing; Multiplying by Aliquot Parts; Test for Divisibility by Odd and Even Numbers; Simplifying Dividends and Divisors; Fastest Way to Add or Subtract Any Pair of Fractions; Multiplying and Dividing with Mixed Numbers, and more.The short-cuts in this book require no special math ability. If you can do ordinary arithmetic, you will have no trouble with these methods. There are no complicated formulas or unfamiliar jargon -- no long drills or exercises. For each problem, the author provides an explanation of the method and a step-by-step solution. Then the short-cut is applied, with a proof and an explanation of why it works.Students, teachers, businesspeople, accountants, bank tellers, check-out clerks -- anyone who uses numbers and wishes to increase his or her speed and arithmetical agility, can benefit from the clear, easy-to-follow techniques given here.
A Short Introduction to Mathematical Concepts in Physics
by Jim NapolitanoMathematics is the language of physics and yet, mathematics is an enormous subject. This textbook provides an accessible and concise introduction to mathematical physics for undergraduate students taking a one semester course. It assumes the reader has studied a year of introductory physics and three semesters of basic calculus, including some vector calculus, but no formal training in differential equations or matrix algebra. It equips readers with the skills and foundational knowledge they need for courses that follow in classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and thermal physics. This book exposes students early on to the kinds of mathematical manipulations they will need in upper-level courses in physics. It can also serve as a useful reference for their further studies. Key features: Accompanied by homework problems and a solutions manual for instructors, available upon qualifying course adoption Bridges the gap between calculus and physics, explaining fundamental mathematics (differentiation, integration, infinite series) in physical terms Explores quick extensions into mathematics useful in physics, not typically taught in math courses, including the Gamma Function, hyperbolic functions, Gaussian integrals, Legendre polynomials, functions of a complex variable, and probability distribution functions
A Short Introduction to Partial Differential Equations (CMS/CAIMS Books in Mathematics #11)
by Arian NovruziThis book provides a short introduction to partial differential equations (PDEs). It is primarily addressed to graduate students and researchers, who are new to PDEs. The book offers a user-friendly approach to the analysis of PDEs, by combining elementary techniques and fundamental modern methods. The author focuses the analysis on four prototypes of PDEs, and presents two approaches for each of them. The first approach consists of the method of analytical and classical solutions, and the second approach consists of the method of weak (variational) solutions. In connection with the approach of weak solutions, the book also provides an introduction to distributions, Fourier transform and Sobolev spaces. The book ends with an appendix chapter, which complements the previous chapters with proofs, examples and remarks. This book can be used for an intense one-semester, or normal two-semester, PDE course. The reader is expected to have knowledge of linear algebra and of differential equations, a good background in real and complex calculus and a modest background in analysis and topology. The book has many examples, which help to better understand the concepts, highlight the key ideas and emphasize the sharpness of results, as well as a section of problems at the end of each chapter.
Short-Memory Linear Processes and Econometric Applications
by Kairat T. MynbaevThis book serves as a comprehensive source of asymptotic results for econometric models with deterministic exogenous regressors. Such regressors include linear (more generally, piece-wise polynomial) trends, seasonally oscillating functions, and slowly varying functions including logarithmic trends, as well as some specifications of spatial matrices in the theory of spatial models. The book begins with central limit theorems (CLTs) for weighted sums of short memory linear processes. This part contains the analysis of certain operators in Lp spaces and their employment in the derivation of CLTs. The applications of CLTs are to the asymptotic distribution of various estimators for several econometric models. Among the models discussed are static linear models with slowly varying regressors, spatial models, time series autoregressions, and two nonlinear models (binary logit model and nonlinear model whose linearization contains slowly varying regressors). The estimation procedures include ordinary and nonlinear least squares, maximum likelihood, and method of moments. Additional topical coverage includes an introduction to operators, probabilities, and linear models; Lp-approximable sequences of vectors; convergence of linear and quadratic forms; regressions with slowly varying regressors; spatial models; convergence; nonlinear models; and tools for vector autoregressions.
The Short-Run Approach to Long-Run Equilibrium in Competitive Markets
by Anthony Horsley Andrew J. WrobelThe authors present a new formal framework for finding the long-run competitive market equilibrium through short-run equilibria by exploiting the operating policies and plant valuations. This "short-run approach" develops ideas of Boiteux and Koopmans. Applied to the peak-load pricing of electricity generated by thermal, hydro and pumped-storage plants, it gives a sound and practical method of valuing the fixed assets--in this case, the river flows and the geological sites suitable for reservoirs. Its main mathematical basis is the producer's short-run profit maximization programme and its dual; their solutions have relatively simple forms that can greatly ease the fixed-point problem of solving for the general equilibrium. Since the optimal values (profit and cost functions) are usually nondifferentiable--this is so when there are joint costs of production such as capacity constraints--nonsmooth calculus is employed to resolve long-standing discrepancies between textbook theory and industrial reality by giving subdifferential extensions of basic results of microeconomics, including the Wong-Viner Envelope Theorem.
The Shortcut: Why Intelligent Machines Do Not Think Like Us
by Nello CristianiniAn influential scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) explains its fundamental concepts and how it is changing culture and society.A particular form of AI is now embedded in our tech, our infrastructure, and our lives. How did it get there? Where and why should we be concerned? And what should we do now? The Shortcut: Why Intelligent Machines Do Not Think Like Us provides an accessible yet probing exposure of AI in its prevalent form today, proposing a new narrative to connect and make sense of events that have happened in the recent tumultuous past, and enabling us to think soberly about the road ahead.This book is divided into ten carefully crafted and easily digestible chapters. Each chapter grapples with an important question for AI. Ranging from the scientific concepts that underpin the technology to wider implications for society, it develops a unified description using tools from different disciplines and avoiding unnecessary abstractions or words that end with -ism. The book uses real examples wherever possible, introducing the reader to the people who have created some of these technologies and to ideas shaping modern society that originate from the technical side of AI. It contains important practical advice about how we should approach AI in the future without promoting exaggerated hypes or fears.Entertaining and disturbing but always thoughtful, The Shortcut confronts the hidden logic of AI while preserving a space for human dignity. It is essential reading for anyone with an interest in AI, the history of technology, and the history of ideas. General readers will come away much more informed about how AI really works today and what we should do next.
Shortcut to Superconductivity: Superconducting Electronics via COMSOL Modeling
by Armen GulianThis accessible textbook offers a novel, concept-led approach to superconducting electronics, using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to help describe fundamental principles in an intuitive manner.Based on a course taught by the author and aimed primarily at engineering students, the book explains concepts effectively and efficiently, uncovering the “shortcut” to understanding each topic, enabling readers to quickly grasp the underlying essence. The book is divided into two main parts; the first part provides a general introduction to key topics encountered in superconductivity, illustrated using COMSOL simulations based on time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations and avoiding any deeply mathematical derivations. It includes numerous worked examples and problem sets with tips and solutions.The second part of the book is more conventional in nature, providing detailed derivations of the basic equations from first principles. This part covers more advanced topics, including the BCS-Gor'kov-Eliashberg approach to equilibrium properties of superconductors, the derivation of kinetic equations for nonequilibrium superconductors, and the derivation of time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations, used as the basis for COMSOL modeling in the first part.Supported throughout by an extensive library of COMSOL Multiphysics animations, the book serves as a uniquely accessible introduction to the field for engineers and others with a less rigorous background in physics and mathematics. However, it also features more detailed mathematical background for those wishing to delve further into the subject.
Show and Tell! Great Graphs and Smart Charts: An Introduction to Infographics
by Stuart J. MurphyA visual-learning expert races up the charts and graphs math success with kid-friendly content sure to help with homework.Want to find the most popular meal in the cafeteria? Compare town sports enrollments? Or maybe you just want to know who burps the most in your family! Learn what line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, and pictographs are and how and when to use them to represent data. Each project shows how to build a chart or graph and ties it all together with a creative infographic that really puts the A in STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, ARTS, and Mathematics). Whether used as an introductory aid or to underscore previous knowledge, the book prepares today's visually savvy children to succeed in school and life by analyzing the world around them.
Shrinkage Estimation (Springer Series in Statistics)
by Dominique Fourdrinier William E. Strawderman Martin T. WellsThis book provides a coherent framework for understanding shrinkage estimation in statistics. The term refers to modifying a classical estimator by moving it closer to a target which could be known a priori or arise from a model. The goal is to construct estimators with improved statistical properties. The book focuses primarily on point and loss estimation of the mean vector of multivariate normal and spherically symmetric distributions. Chapter 1 reviews the statistical and decision theoretic terminology and results that will be used throughout the book. Chapter 2 is concerned with estimating the mean vector of a multivariate normal distribution under quadratic loss from a frequentist perspective. In Chapter 3 the authors take a Bayesian view of shrinkage estimation in the normal setting. Chapter 4 introduces the general classes of spherically and elliptically symmetric distributions. Point and loss estimation for these broad classes are studied in subsequent chapters. In particular, Chapter 5 extends many of the results from Chapters 2 and 3 to spherically and elliptically symmetric distributions. Chapter 6 considers the general linear model with spherically symmetric error distributions when a residual vector is available. Chapter 7 then considers the problem of estimating a location vector which is constrained to lie in a convex set. Much of the chapter is devoted to one of two types of constraint sets, balls and polyhedral cones. In Chapter 8 the authors focus on loss estimation and data-dependent evidence reports. Appendices cover a number of technical topics including weakly differentiable functions; examples where Stein’s identity doesn’t hold; Stein’s lemma and Stokes’ theorem for smooth boundaries; harmonic, superharmonic and subharmonic functions; and modified Bessel functions.
Shrinkage Estimation for Mean and Covariance Matrices (SpringerBriefs in Statistics)
by Hisayuki Tsukuma Tatsuya KubokawaThis book provides a self-contained introduction to shrinkage estimation for matrix-variate normal distribution models. More specifically, it presents recent techniques and results in estimation of mean and covariance matrices with a high-dimensional setting that implies singularity of the sample covariance matrix. Such high-dimensional models can be analyzed by using the same arguments as for low-dimensional models, thus yielding a unified approach to both high- and low-dimensional shrinkage estimations. The unified shrinkage approach not only integrates modern and classical shrinkage estimation, but is also required for further development of the field. Beginning with the notion of decision-theoretic estimation, this book explains matrix theory, group invariance, and other mathematical tools for finding better estimators. It also includes examples of shrinkage estimators for improving standard estimators, such as least squares, maximum likelihood, and minimum risk invariant estimators, and discusses the historical background and related topics in decision-theoretic estimation of parameter matrices. This book is useful for researchers and graduate students in various fields requiring data analysis skills as well as in mathematical statistics.
Shrinking Japan and Regional Variations: Along the Hokurikudo and the Tosando I (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Fumie KumagaiThis book provides an insightful sociological study of the shrinking Japanese population through a regional variation perspective as it varies significantly by municipality, even within the same prefecture. Using demographic data on municipal levels, the book identifies the power unique to each municipality, which can mobilize a shrinking but sustainable Japan. The study identifies the principal explanatory factors based on the small area data of e-Stat through GPS statistical software tools such as G-census and EvaCva within a historical perspective. The theoretical framework of this study, i.e., the reason for regional variations in Japan, is the Goki-Shichido (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits of Ancient Japan). This historical knowledge helps in understanding the significance of the regional cultural heritage that remains in each municipality today. The book pays special attention to municipal variations within the same prefecture, utilizing a completely unique approach, unlike those that have been pursued by other researchers. This volume studies two present-day prefectures for detailed analyses based on the Goki-Shichido framework for impacts of regional variations of population decline in Japan. They are Niigata Prefecture, made up of the formerly named Echigo and Sado provinces; Ishikawa Prefecture, formed by the ancient Kaga and Noto provinces; Fukui Prefecture, based on the earlier Wakasa and Echizen provinces of the Hokurikudo; Nagano Prefecture, still called Shinano Province today and commonly divided into four areas and ten regions; and Gifu Prefecture, composed of the ancient Mino and Hida provinces of the Tosando as examples of the impact of municipal power on regional variations of shrinking Japan. However, due to the limitation of the number of pages set forth for Springer Briefs in Population Studies: Population Studies of Japan, for which the current publication is a part, it has become necessary to divide the book into two volumes, namely Volume I and Volume II. Because of this limitation the current volume I is consisted of three chapters, namely, Chapter 1: Issues, theoretical framework, and methodology; Chapter 2: Niigata Prefecture in the Hokurikudo; and Chapter 3: Ishikawa Prefecture in the Hokurikudo. The remaining three prefectures, i.e., Fukui in the Hokurikudo area, Nagano and Gifu both in the Tosando area will be discussed in the Volume II of this book. By presenting unique analyses of regional variations on small municipal levels, with demographic variables, social indicators, and historical identities, this book offers suggestions for effective regional policies to revitalize a shrinking Japan to a sustainable one. The Volume I, therefore, analyzes and discusses in detail both Niigata and Ishikawa prefectures of the Hokurikudo.
Shrinking Japan and Regional Variations: Along the Hokurikudo and the Tosando II (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Fumie KumagaiThis book provides an insightful sociological study of the shrinking Japanese population through a regional variation perspective as it varies significantly by municipality, even within the same prefecture. Using demographic data on municipal levels, the book identifies the power unique to each municipality, which can mobilize a shrinking but sustainable Japan. The study identifies the principal explanatory factors based on the small area data of e-Stat through GPS statistical software tools such as G-census and EvaCva within a historical perspective. The theoretical framework of this study, i.e., the reason for regional variations in Japan, is the Goki-Shichido (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits of Ancient Japan). This historical knowledge helps in understanding the significance of the regional cultural heritage that remains in each municipality today. The book pays special attention to municipal variations within the same prefecture, utilizing a completely unique approach, unlike those that have been pursued by other researchers. This book studies three present-day prefectures for detailed analyses based on the Goki-Shichido framework for impacts of regional variations of population decline in Japan. They are Niigata Prefecture, made up of the formerly named Echigo and Sado provinces; Ishikawa Prefecture, formed by the ancient Kaga and Noto provinces; Fukui Prefecture, based on the earlier Wakasa and Echizen provinces of the Hokurikudo; Nagano Prefecture, still called Shinano province today and commonly divided into four areas and ten regions; and Gifu Prefecture, composed of the ancient Mino and Hida provinces of the Tosando as examples of the impact of municipal power on regional variations of shrinking Japan. However, due to the limitation of the number of pages set forth for Springer Briefs in Population Studies: Population Studies of Japan, for which the current publication is a part, it has become necessary to divide the book into two volumes, namely Volume I and Volume II. Because of this limitation, the current Volume II consisted of four chapters. They are Chapter 1: Fukui Prefecture in the Hokurikudo; Chapter 2: Nagano Prefecture in the Tosando; Chapter 3: Gifu Prefecture in the Tosando, and Chapter 4: Epilogue: The Future of Shrinking Japan. The remaining two prefectures, i.e., Niigata and Ishikawa prefectures in the Hokurikudo area have been discussed in the Volume I of this book. By presenting unique analyses of regional variations on small municipal levels, with demographic variables, social indicators, and historical identities, this book offers suggestions for effective regional policies to revitalize a shrinking Japan to a sustainable one.
Shrinking Japan and Regional Variations: Along the Sannyodo (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Fumie KumagaiTaking the Goki-Shichido (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits of Ancient Japan) as a theoretical framework, this book examines shrinking Japan from a regional variation perspective by municipality along the ancient Sannyodo, which comprises eight provinces and four prefectures today. The book identifies the principal explanatory factors based on the small area data of e-Stat through GPS statistical software tools such as G-census and EvaCva, within a historical perspective. This historical knowledge helps in understanding the significance of the regional cultural heritage that remains in each municipality today. The book pays special attention to municipal variations within the same prefecture, presenting a completely unique approach from what other researchers have pursued.This book studies two present-day prefectures along the ancient Sannyodo for detailed analyses of the impacts of regional variations of population decline in Japan. They are Hiroshima Prefecture, made up of the former Bingo and Aki provinces, and Yamaguchi Prefecture, formed by the ancient provinces of Suo and Nagato. The reasons for selecting these two prefectures of ancient Sannyodo are twofold. First, they are made up of a multiple number of the ancient provinces. Second, other prefectures that fall under the Sannyodo have been studied in the previous works of the present author by adopting the same methods of analyses. Thus, by presenting unique analyses of regional variations on small municipal levels in Hiroshima and Yamaguchi prefectures along the Sannyodo, this book offers suggestions for effective regional policy to revitalize shrinking Japan to a sustainable one.
A Shrinking Society: Post-Demographic Transition in Japan (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Toshihiko HaraThis is the book to focus on a new phenomenon emerging in the twenty-first century: the rapidly aging and decreasing population of a well-developed country, namely, Japan. The meaning of this phenomenon has been successfully clarified as the possible historical consequence of the demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low ones. Japan has entered the post-demographic transitional phase and will be the fastest-shrinking society in the world, leading other Asian countries that are experiencing the same drastic changes. The author used the historical statistics, compiled by the Statistic Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2006 and population projections for released in 2012 by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, to show the past and future development of the dependency ratio from 1891 to 2060. Then, utilizing the population life table and net reproduction rate, the effects of increasing life expectancy and declining fertility on the dependency ratio were observed separately. Finally, the historical relationships among women's survival rates at reproductive age, the theoretical fertility rate to maintain the replacement level and the recorded total fertility rate (TFR) were analyzed. Historical observation showed TFR adapting to the theoretical level of fertility with a certain time lag and corresponding to women's survival rates at reproductive age. Women's increasing lifespan and survival rates could have influenced decision making to minimize the risk of childbearing. Even if the theoretical fertility rate meets the replacement level, women's views of minimizing the risk may remain unchanged because for women the cost-benefit imbalance in childbearing is still too high in Japan. Based on the findings, the author discusses the sustainability of Japanese society in relation to national finances, social security reform, family policies, immigration policies and community polices.
Si, Dios es un Matematico
by Dhanesh Kumar M Luis Rentería RuizCreemos que Dios nunca puede ser entendido por la ciencia que exige pruebas. Desde el comienzo de los tiempos, muchos han buscado las respuestas a los misterios más grandes del mundo. Quizás el misterio más antiguo de la humanidad es "¿Cuál es la relación entre Dios y el hombre / la mujer?" Sorprendentemente, la respuesta puede estar en un modelo matemático oculto dentro de la arquitectura antigua de la India, que se cree que tiene al menos cinco mil años de antigüedad. Si puedes dedicar un par de horas a una lectura entretenida, puedes ver a Dios en el lente de la ciencia. Los devotos de todo el mundo pueden asombrarse y quizás hasta ofenderse ante la idea de que podemos buscar al Ser Divino Supremo, Dios, a través del campo rico y texturizado de las Matemáticas. Pero con un poco de paciencia, y casi sin querer, puedes aprender de una rama de las Matemáticas, entrelazada con los asombrosos mitos y leyendas de la India. Estas matemáticas no son complejas. Un alumno de secundaria puede entenderlas. Sin embargo, el producto de desarrollo es más completo que el algoritmo moderno más complejo. Para su placer de lectura, las matemáticas que respaldan este modelo se explican de una manera placentera y sin dolor, junto con una historia en el aula de clases. Cuando leemos este libro, nos sorprende ver que tales tesoros arquitectónicos son realmente los prototipos de la Divinidad. Esto demuestra cómo este modelo matemático, en esencia, se ha proyectado a sí mismo como un microcosmos del mundo real. Se imita la teoría de la Creación y Realidad como se describe en las doctrinas hindúes. Ven a disfrutar de una historia de las matemáticas, entrelazada con los asombrosos mitos y leyendas de la India. Vamos, entra en la antigua ciencia india de la Creación arquitectónica, que es un mundo lleno de curiosidades y maravillas.
SIAM International Meshing Roundtable 2023 (Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering #147)
by Eloi Ruiz-Gironés Rubén Sevilla David MoxeyThis volume comprises selected papers from the SIAM International Meshing Roundtable Workshop 2023, SIAM IMR 2023, held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, March 6-9, 2023. The IMR was started by Sandia National Laboratories in 1992 and, since 2021, it has been held under the umbrella of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). The SIAM IMR 2023 was the first in-situ conference to be held since 2019, after two online conferences. It consisted of short courses, technical presentations from keynotes, contributed talks and research notes, a poster session and meshing contest, and discussion panels. The papers in these proceedings present novel contributions that range from theoretical advances to technical applications in engineering, geometric modeling, computer graphics, visualization, and machine learning.
Sich selbst diagnostizieren und fördern mit digitalen Medien: Forschungsbasierte Entwicklung eines Tools zum formativen Selbst-Assessment funktionalen Denkens (Essener Beiträge zur Mathematikdidaktik)
by Hana RuchniewiczFormative Selbstdiagnosen ermöglichen Lernenden die Ausbildung metakognitiver und selbstregulativer Strategien, mit deren Hilfe sie eigene Stärken und Schwächen aufdecken können. Zur Durchführung solcher Assessments bieten digitale Medien vielzählige Potentiale zur Unterstützung von Lernenden, z. B. erlauben Hyperlinks individuelle Lernpfade. Allerdings beschränken sich bisherige Angebote meist auf Selbst-Assessment-Tests mit eher geschlossenen Aufgabenformaten, die Nutzer*innen externes Feedback zum eigenen Kenntnisstand bereitstellen. Dabei fehlen Formate, die Lernenden ein eigenverantwortliches, inhaltsbasiertes Selbst-Assessment ermöglichen. In dieser Arbeit wird daher ein digitales Tool zum formativen Selbst-Assessment im Rahmen einer Design Research Studie entwickelt und mit verschiedenen Zielgruppen erprobt. Als Lerngegenstand wird exemplarisch der situativ-graphische Darstellungswechsel funktionaler Zusammenhänge gewählt, da sich diese Basiskompetenz sowohl zur Diagnose von Vorstellungen zum Funktionsbegriff als auch zur Förderung funktionalen Denkens eignet. Es wird ersichtlich, welche mentalen Prozesse während der Selbstdiagnosen der Proband*innen ablaufen.
Sicherheit und Kryptographie im Internet: Theorie und Praxis
by Jörg SchwenkDas vorliegende Buch bietet eine strukturierte, gut lesbare Einführung zu den wichtigsten Sicherheitsstandards im Internet. Hierzu zählen bekannte Standards wie TLS, OpenPGP, S/MIME, SSH, IPsec und WPA, aber auch die versteckten Sicherheitsfeatures aus der Microsoft-Welt (PPTP, Kerberos), dem Mobilfunk, DNSSEC, Single-Sign-On-Protokollen und Datenformaten wie XML und JSON. Das Verständnis für diese Standards und deren Weiterentwicklung wird durch eine detaillierte Beschreibung der bekannten Angriffe vertieft, insbesondere für TLS liegt hier umfangreiches Material vor.Die 5. Auflage wurde erheblich erweitert und aktualisiert. Neue Themen sind unter anderem die WLAN-Standards WPA2 und WPA3, die neue TLS-Version 1.3, Kerberos, Anti-SPAM-Techniken und moderne Single-Sign-On-Protokolle. Das Thema TLS wird völlig neu dargestellt, und die Kapitel zu E-Mail-Sicherheit und IPsec deutlich erweitert. Eine umfangreiche Einführung in praktische Aspekte der Kryptographie macht dieses Buch ohne zusätzliche Literatur nutzbar.
Sicherheit von Leichtwasserreaktoren
by Anke Veser Claudia Landman Franz-Hermann Schlüter Günter Kessler Jürgen Päsler-Sauer Wolfgang RaskobIn einer für Laien verständlichen Form erläutern die Autoren die Risiken, die von Kernkraftwerken ausgehen, und den verantwortungsbewussten Umgang mit ihnen. Dazu werden die Grundlagen der Technologie erklärt ebenso wie die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen - auch im Hinblick auf Störfälle aus der Vergangenheit. Die Autoren beziehen neben den Ergebnissen probabilistischer Analysen und früherer Risikostudien auch aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse mit ein, die vor allem das Sicherheitskonzept für die neuen europäischen Druck- und Siedewasserreaktoren betreffen.
The Siddhāntasundara of Jñānarāja: An English Translation with Commentary
by Toke Lindegaard KnudsenThe first English translation of this major work of classical Indian astronomy and mathematics.A treasure for anyone interested in early modern India and the history of mathematics, this first English translation of the Siddhāntasundara reveals the fascinating work of the scholar-astronomer Jñānarāja (circa 1500 C.E.). Toke Lindegaard Knudsen begins with an introduction to the traditions of ancient Hindu astronomy and describes what is known of Jñānarāja’s life and family. He translates the Sanskrit verses into English and offers expert commentary on the style and substance of Jñānarāja's treatise.The Siddhāntasundara contains a comprehensive exposition of the system of Indian astronomy, including how to compute planetary positions and eclipses. It also explores deep, probing questions about the workings of the universe and sacred Hindu traditions. In a philosophical discussion, the treatise seeks a synthesis between the cosmological model used by the Indian astronomical tradition and the cosmology of a class of texts sacred in Hinduism. In his discourse, which includes a discussion of the direction of down and adhesive antipodeans, Jñānarāja rejects certain principles from the astronomical tradition and reinterprets principles from the sacred texts. He also constructs a complex poem on the seasons, many verses of which have two layers of meaning, one describing a season, the other a god's activities in that season. The Siddhāntasundara is the last major treatise of Indian astronomy and cosmology to receive serious scholarly attention, Knudsen’s careful effort unveils the 500-year-old Sanskrit verses and shows the clever quirkiness of Jñānarāja's writing style, his keen use of mathematics, and his subtle philosophical arguments.
Siegel Modular Forms: A Classical and Representation-Theoretic Approach (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2240)
by Ameya PitaleThis monograph introduces two approaches to studying Siegel modular forms: the classical approach as holomorphic functions on the Siegel upper half space, and the approach via representation theory on the symplectic group. By illustrating the interconnections shared by the two, this book fills an important gap in the existing literature on modular forms. It begins by establishing the basics of the classical theory of Siegel modular forms, and then details more advanced topics. After this, much of the basic local representation theory is presented. Exercises are featured heavily throughout the volume, the solutions of which are helpfully provided in an appendix. Other topics considered include Hecke theory, Fourier coefficients, cuspidal automorphic representations, Bessel models, and integral representation.Graduate students and young researchers will find this volume particularly useful. It will also appeal to researchers in the area as a reference volume. Some knowledge of GL(2) theory is recommended, but there are a number of appendices included if the reader is not already familiar.
Sieve Methods (Dover Books on Mathematics)
by Heine Halberstam Hans Egon RichertDerived from the techniques of analytic number theory, sieve theory employs methods from mathematical analysis to solve number-theoretical problems. This text by a noted pair of experts is regarded as the definitive work on the subject. It formulates the general sieve problem, explores the theoretical background, and illustrates significant applications.
Sign Language Machine Translation (Machine Translation: Technologies and Applications #5)
by Andy Way Lorraine Leeson Dimitar ShterionovThis book, for the first time, collects important current topics in the area of sign language translation in a single volume. The topic is introduced more generally to benefit newcomers to the field before diving into the current state-of-the-art methods of Sign Language Machine Translation (SLMT), together with an in-depth description of issues specific to this topic, including: an introduction to and historical overview of SLMT; ethical issues related to the engagement of and with deaf users; the importance of data; the sign languages of Europe; sign language recognition and synthesis, including via avatars; data-driven and linguistically-informed models of SLMT; gloss translation; fingerspelling; SLMT communication; and SLMT in practice. Of interest to MT developers and users as well as people working in deaf studies, this volume presents cutting-edge research on machine translation in the field of deaf studies.
Sign Language Processing: From Gesture to Meaning
by Achraf OthmanIn a world where communication is key to human connection, understanding, and learning from one another, the book investigates the rich and intricate world of sign languages, highlighting the fascinating complexities of visual-spatial languages and their unique role in bridging the gap between hearing and deaf communities through information and communication technology. The book takes a journey through the evolution of sign language processing tools while exploring the cutting-edge techniques used to decipher, analyze, and process them, from the fundamentals of sign language structure and the nuances of non-manual signals to the latest developments in computational linguistics (corpora design, annotation tools, and notation systems), sign language recognition, and machine/deep learning applications. With a mission to reveal the silent language of expression, the author provides a captivating and thought-provoking look into a world often overlooked yet teeming with life and meaning. Offering a comprehensive and engaging overview of the current state of sign language research as well as its prospects, this monograph is an introduction resource for computer scientists, linguistics, educators, academics and sign language interpreters alike. This monograph is an invitation to discover the incredible potential of sign languages to transform human communication, promote inclusivity, and shape the future of technology. The readers will gain a deeper appreciation of the beauty and complexity of sign languages through technology, and they will be inspired to embrace the power of visual communication in our increasingly diverse and interconnected world.