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Visions of Infinity: The Great Mathematical Problems
by Ian StewartIt is one of the wonders of mathematics that, for every problem mathematicians solve, another awaits to perplex and galvanize them. Some of these problems are new, while others have puzzled and bewitched thinkers across the ages. <P><P>Such challenges offer a tantalizing glimpse of the field's unlimited potential, and keep mathematicians looking toward the horizons of intellectual possibility. In Visions of Infinity, celebrated mathematician Ian Stewart provides a fascinating overview of the most formidable problems mathematicians have vanquished, and those that vex them still. He explains why these problems exist, what drives mathematicians to solve them, and why their efforts matter in the context of science as a whole. The three-century effort to prove Fermat's last theorem-first posited in 1630, and finally solved by Andrew Wiles in 1995-led to the creation of algebraic number theory and complex analysis. The Poincaré conjecture, which was cracked in 2002 by the eccentric genius Grigori Perelman, has become fundamental to mathematicians' understanding of three-dimensional shapes. But while mathematicians have made enormous advances in recent years, some problems continue to baffle us. Indeed, the Riemann hypothesis, which Stewart refers to as the "Holy Grail of pure mathematics," and the P/NP problem, which straddles mathematics and computer science, could easily remain unproved for another hundred years. An approachable and illuminating history of mathematics as told through fourteen of its greatest problems, Visions of Infinity reveals how mathematicians the world over are rising to the challenges set by their predecessors-and how the enigmas of the past inevitably surrender to the powerful techniques of the present.
Visual Analysis of Behaviour
by Shaogang Gong Tao XiangThis book presents a comprehensive treatment of visual analysis of behaviour from computational-modelling and algorithm-design perspectives. Topics: covers learning-group activity models, unsupervised behaviour profiling, hierarchical behaviour discovery, learning behavioural context, modelling rare behaviours, and "man-in-the-loop" active learning; examines multi-camera behaviour correlation, person re-identification, and "connecting-the-dots" for abnormal behaviour detection; discusses Bayesian information criterion, Bayesian networks, "bag-of-words" representation, canonical correlation analysis, dynamic Bayesian networks, Gaussian mixtures, and Gibbs sampling; investigates hidden conditional random fields, hidden Markov models, human silhouette shapes, latent Dirichlet allocation, local binary patterns, locality preserving projection, and Markov processes; explores probabilistic graphical models, probabilistic topic models, space-time interest points, spectral clustering, and support vector machines.
Visual Analytics for Dashboards: A Step-by-Step Guide to Principles and Practical Techniques
by Arshad KhanThis book covers the key principles, best practices, and practical techniques for designing and implementing visually compelling dashboards. It explores the various stages of the dashboard development process, from understanding user needs and defining goals, to selecting appropriate visual encodings, designing effective layouts, and employing interactive elements. It also addresses the critical aspect of data storytelling, examining how narratives and context can be woven into dashboards to deliver impactful insights and engage audiences. Visual Analytics for Dashboards is designed to cater to a wide range of readers, from beginners looking to grasp the fundamentals of visual analytics, to seasoned professionals seeking to enhance their dashboard design skills. For different types of readers, such as a data analyst, BI professional, data scientist, or simply someone interested in data visualization, this book aims to equip them with the knowledge and tools necessary to create impactful dashboards. What you’ll learn The principles of data visualization How to create effective dashboards Meet all the requirements for visual analytics/data visualization/dashboard courses Deepen understanding of data presentation and analysis How to use different kinds of tools for data analysis, such as scorecards and key performance indicators Who This Book Is For Business analysts, data analysts, BI professionals, end-users, executives, developers, as well as students in dashboards, data visualizations, and visual analytics courses.
Visual and Statistical Thinking: Displays of Evidence for Deicision Making
by Edward R. TufteThis booklet meant for students of quantitative thinking, reproduces chapter 2 of his other book Visual Explanations, Here we see two complex cases of the analysis and display of evidence--the celebrated investigation of a cholera epidemic by Dr. John Snow and the unfortunate decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger.
Visual Cryptography and Secret Image Sharing
by Stelvio Cimato Ching-Nung YangWith rapid progress in Internet and digital imaging technology, there are more and more ways to easily create, publish, and distribute images. Considered the first book to focus on the relationship between digital imaging and privacy protection, Visual Cryptography and Secret Image Sharing is a complete introduction to novel security methods and sharing-control mechanisms used to protect against unauthorized data access and secure dissemination of sensitive information. Image data protection and image-based authentication techniques offer efficient solutions for controlling how private data and images are made available only to select people. Essential to the design of systems used to manage images that contain sensitive data—such as medical records, financial transactions, and electronic voting systems—the methods presented in this book are useful to counter traditional encryption techniques, which do not scale well and are less efficient when applied directly to image files. An exploration of the most prominent topics in digital imaging security, this book discusses: Potential for sharing multiple secrets, Visual cryptography schemes—based either on the probabilistic reconstruction of the secret image, or on different logical operations for combining shared images, Inclusion of pictures in the distributed shares, Contrast enhancement techniques, Color-image visual cryptography, Cheating prevention, Alignment problems for image shares, Steganography and authentication In the continually evolving world of secure image sharing, a growing number of people are becoming involved as new applications and business models are being developed all the time. This contributed volume gives academicians, researchers, and professionals the insight of well-known experts on key concepts, issues, trends, and technologies in this emerging field.
Visual Culture and Mathematics in the Early Modern Period (Visual Culture in Early Modernity)
by Ingrid Alexander-SkipnesDuring the early modern period there was a natural correspondence between how artists might benefit from the knowledge of mathematics and how mathematicians might explore, through advances in the study of visual culture, new areas of enquiry that would uncover the mysteries of the visible world. This volume makes its contribution by offering new interdisciplinary approaches that not only investigate perspective but also examine how mathematics enriched aesthetic theory and the human mind. The contributors explore the portrayal of mathematical activity and mathematicians as well as their ideas and instruments, how artists displayed their mathematical skills and the choices visual artists made between geometry and arithmetic, as well as Euclid’s impact on drawing, artistic practice and theory. These chapters cover a broad geographical area that includes Italy, Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, France and England. The artists, philosophers and mathematicians whose work is discussed include Leon Battista Alberti, Nicholas Cusanus, Marsilio Ficino, Francesco di Giorgio, Leonardo da Vinci and Andrea del Verrocchio, as well as Michelangelo, Galileo, Piero della Francesca, Girard Desargues, William Hogarth, Albrecht Dürer, Luca Pacioli and Raphael.
Visual Data Mining
by Russell K. AndersonA visual approach to data mining. Data mining has been defined as the search for useful and previously unknown patterns in large datasets, yet when faced with the task of mining a large dataset, it is not always obvious where to start and how to proceed. This book introduces a visual methodology for data mining demonstrating the application of methodology along with a sequence of exercises using VisMiner. VisMiner has been developed by the author and provides a powerful visual data mining tool enabling the reader to see the data that they are working on and to visually evaluate the models created from the data. Key features:Presents visual support for all phases of data mining including dataset preparation.Provides a comprehensive set of non-trivial datasets and problems with accompanying software.Features 3-D visualizations of multi-dimensional datasets.Gives support for spatial data analysis with GIS like features.Describes data mining algorithms with guidance on when and how to use.Accompanied by VisMiner, a visual software tool for data mining, developed specifically to bridge the gap between theory and practice.Visual Data Mining: The VisMiner Approach is designed as a hands-on work book to introduce the methodologies to students in data mining, advanced statistics, and business intelligence courses. This book provides a set of tutorials, exercises, and case studies that support students in learning data mining processes.In praise of the VisMiner approach: "What we discovered among students was that the visualization concepts and tools brought the analysis alive in a way that was broadly understood and could be used to make sound decisions with greater certainty about the outcomes"--Dr. James V. Hansen, J. Owen Cherrington Professor, Marriott School, Brigham Young University, USA"Students learn best when they are able to visualize relationships between data and results during the data mining process. VisMiner is easy to learn and yet offers great visualization capabilities throughout the data mining process. My students liked it very much and so did I." --Dr. Douglas Dean, Assoc. Professor of Information Systems, Marriott School, Brigham Young University, USA
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information
by Edward TufteThe classic book on statistical graphics, charts, tables. Theory and practice in the design of data graphics, 250 illustrations of the best (and a few of the worst) statistical graphics, with detailed analysis of how to display data for precise, effective, quick analysis. Design of the high-resolution displays, small multiples. Editing and improving graphics. The data-ink ratio. Time-series, relational graphics, data maps, multivariate designs. Detection of graphical deception: design variation vs. data variation. Sources of deception. Aesthetics and data graphical displays. This is the second edition of The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Recently published, this new edition provides excellent color reproductions of the many graphics of William Playfair, adds color to other images, and includes all the changes and corrections accumulated during 17 printings of the first edition.
Visual Group Theory: A Computer-Oriented Geometric Introduction (Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series)
by Stephan RosebrockThis textbook provides an introduction to group theory starting from the basics, relying on geometry to elucidate its various aspects. Groups naturally manifest as symmetries of geometric shapes, such as reflections and rotations. The book adopts this perspective to provide a straightforward, descriptive explanation, supported by examples and exercises in GAP, an open-source computer algebra system. It covers all of the key concepts of group theory, including homomorphisms, group operations, presentations, products of groups, and finite, abelian, and solvable groups. The topics include cyclic and symmetric groups, dihedral, orthogonal, and hyperbolic groups, as well as the significant notion of Cayley graphs. Self-contained and requiring little beyond high school mathematics, this book is aimed at undergraduate courses and features numerous exercises. It will also appeal to anyone interested in the geometric approach to group theory.
Visual Guide to Math (DK First Reference)
by DKKey math vocabulary and concepts for young children explained simply in this friendly and informative reference book.Clear, accessible pictures and diagrams support this first introduction to numbers, calculating, measuring, geometry, and data-collecting, making basic maths skills easier to understand. Packed with key terms and useful tips to help remember as well as practical examples of math in daily life, Visual Guide to Math is ideal even for reluctant kids. Place value, number bonds, multiplication tables, and fractions are just a few of the math concepts explained and reinforced in a variety of ways for children with different learning styles.Covering everything a young child needs to know, this unique reference book follows the curriculum and provides a strong foundation for math skills through the rest of the school years. A perfect homework help to support children as they take their first steps in math and build confidence.
A Visual Guide to Stata Graphics
by Michael MitchellA Visual Guide to Stata Graphics, Third Edition will teach you how to use Stata to make publication-quality graphics that will stand out and enhance your statistical results. With over 900 illustrated examples and quick-reference tabs, this book quickly guides you to the information you need for creating and customizing high-quality graphs for any type of statistical data.
A Visual Introduction to Differential Forms and Calculus on Manifolds
by Jon Pierre FortneyThis book explains and helps readers to develop geometric intuition as it relates to differential forms. It includes over 250 figures to aid understanding and enable readers to visualize the concepts being discussed. The author gradually builds up to the basic ideas and concepts so that definitions, when made, do not appear out of nowhere, and both the importance and role that theorems play is evident as or before they are presented. With a clear writing style and easy-to- understand motivations for each topic, this book is primarily aimed at second- or third-year undergraduate math and physics students with a basic knowledge of vector calculus and linear algebra.
Visual Math Dict
by Don Balka Jack BanaThe most accessible and useful guide to math terms and procedures available, this reference has over 600 definitions and scores of additional resources including tables, rules and symbols.
Visual Mathematics and Cyberlearning
by Dragana Martinovic Zekeriya Karadag Viktor FreimanThis first book in the series will describe the Net Generation as visual learners who thrive when surrounded with new technologies and whose needs can be met with the technological innovations. These new learners seek novel ways of studying, such as collaborating with peers, multitasking, as well as use of multimedia, the Internet, and other Information and Communication Technologies. Here we present mathematics as a contemporary subject that is engaging, exciting and enlightening in new ways. For example, in the distributed environment of cyber space, mathematics learners play games, watch presentations on YouTube, create Java applets of mathematics simulations and exchange thoughts over the Instant Messaging tool. How should mathematics education resonate with these learners and technological novelties that excite them?
Visual Media Processing Using Matlab Beginner's Guide
by George SiogkasWritten in a friendly, Beginner's Guide format, showing the user how to use the digital media aspects of Matlab (image, video, sound) in a practical, tutorial-based style.This is great for novice programmers in any language who would like to use Matlab as a tool for their image and video processing needs, and also comes in handy for photographers or video editors with even less programming experience wanting to find an all-in-one tool for their tasks.
The Visual Neuroscience of Robotic Grasping
by Eris Chinellato Angel P. PobilThis book presents interdisciplinary research that pursues the mutual enrichment of neuroscience and robotics. Building on experimental work, and on the wealth of literature regarding the two cortical pathways of visual processing - the dorsal and ventral streams - we define and implement, computationally and on a real robot, a functional model of the brain areas involved in vision-based grasping actions. Grasping in robotics is largely an unsolved problem, and we show how the bio-inspired approach is successful in dealing with some fundamental issues of the task. Our robotic system can safely perform grasping actions on different unmodeled objects, denoting especially reliable visual and visuomotor skills. The computational model and the robotic experiments help in validating theories on the mechanisms employed by the brain areas more directly involved in grasping actions. This book offers new insights and research hypotheses regarding such mechanisms, especially for what concerns the interaction between the dorsal and ventral streams. Moreover, it helps in establishing a common research framework for neuroscientists and roboticists regarding research on brain functions.
Visual Quality Assessment for Natural and Medical Image
by Yong DingImage quality assessment (IQA) is an essential technique in the design of modern, large-scale image and video processing systems. This book introduces and discusses in detail topics related to IQA, including the basic principles of subjective and objective experiments, biological evidence for image quality perception, and recent research developments. In line with recent trends in imaging techniques and to explain the application-specific utilization, it particularly focuses on IQA for stereoscopic (3D) images and medical images, rather than on planar (2D) natural images. In addition, a wealth of vivid, specific figures and formulas help readers deepen their understanding of fundamental and new applications for image quality assessment technology. This book is suitable for researchers, clinicians and engineers as well as students working in related disciplines, including imaging, displaying, image processing, and storage and transmission. By reviewing and presenting the latest advances, and new trends and challenges in the field, it benefits researchers and industrial R&D engineers seeking to implement image quality assessment systems for specific applications or design/optimize image/video processing algorithms.
Visual Reasoning with Diagrams
by Sun-Joo Shin Amirouche MoktefiLogic, the discipline that explores valid reasoning, does not need to be limited to a specific form of representation but should include any form as long as it allows us to draw sound conclusions from given information. The use of diagrams has a long but unequal history in logic: The golden age of diagrammatic logic of the 19th century thanks to Euler and Venn diagrams was followed by the early 20th century's symbolization of modern logic by Frege and Russell. Recently, we have been witnessing a revival of interest in diagrams from various disciplines - mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science. This book aims to provide a space for this newly debated topic - the logical status of diagrams - in order to advance the goal of universal logic by exploring common and/or unique features of visual reasoning.
Visual Securitization: Humanitarian Representations and Migration Governance (IMISCOE Research Series)
by Alice MassariThis open access book offers an innovative account of how relief organizations’ visual depiction of Syrian displacement contributes to reproduce and reinforce a securitized account of refugees. Through visual analysis, the book demonstrates how the securitization process takes place in three different ways. First of all, even if marginally, it occurs through the reproduction of mainstream media and political accounts that have depicted refugees in terms of threats. Secondly, and more consistently, through a representation of Syrian displaced people that, despite the undeniable innovative aesthetic patterns focusing on dignity and empowerment, continue to reinforce a visual narrative around refugees in terms of victimhood and passivity. The reproduction of a securitized account takes also place through the dialectic between what is made visible in the pictures and what is not. At the same time the book identifies visual glimmers and minor displacements in the humanitarian discourse that have the potentiality to produce alternative discourses on refugees and displacement beyond the mainstream securitized ones. By showing how relief organizations’ visual representation contributes to the securitization of the refugee issue, this book provides a great resource to students and academics in migration, visuality, humanitarianism and securitization, as well as social scientists and policy-makers.
Visual-spatial Ability in STEM Education
by Myint Swe KhineEach chapter in this book makes a unique contribution to the body of the literature and enhances the understanding of spatial ability and its influence on learning in the STEM disciplines. It addresses spatial abilities, ways to measure them as well as their impact and how they can affect learning subjects in scientific, technology and engineering domains. The volume deliberately covers a wide range perspectives from cognitive psychology, educational psychology, science, technology, engineering and mathematics, computer science, information technology disciplines to human development. Taking a broad view on the topic, chapters in the book discuss how to define spatial ability and its factors, the measurement of spatial ability and psychometric analyses, and educational strategies to improve spatial skills and their implications for science and technology education. The book thus provides an overview of current thinking about visual-spatial ability, spatial reasoning, and spatial skills.
Visualisation and Epistemological Access to Mathematics Education in Southern Africa (Routledge Research in STEM Education)
by Marc SchäferThis book demonstrates that using visualisation processes in mathematics education can help to enhance teaching and learning and bridge the inequality gap that exists between well-resourced and under-resourced schools in Southern Africa. Drawing on classroom research conducted in the Southern African region, it examines how epistemological access in a context of gross inequality can be constructively addressed by providing research-based solutions and recommendations. The book outlines the visualisation process as an integral but often overlooked process of mathematics teaching and learning. It goes beyond the traditional understanding of visualisation processes such as picture forming and using tools and considers visualisation processes that are semiotic in nature and includes actions such as gestures in combination with language. It adds value to the visualisation in mathematics education research discourse and deliberation in Africa. With a unique focus on Southern Africa and open avenues for further research and collaboration in the region, it will be a highly relevant reading for researchers, academics and post-graduate students of mathematics education, comparative education and social justice education.
The Visualisation of Spatial Social Structure
by Danny DorlingHow do you draw a map of 100,000 places, of more than a million flows of people, of changes over time and space, of different kinds of spaces, surfaces and volumes, from human travel time to landscapes of hopes, fears, migration, manufacturing and mortality? How do you turn the millions of numbers concerning some of the most important moments of our lives into images that allow us to appreciate the aggregate while still remembering the detail?The visualization of spatial social structure means, literally, making visible the geographical patterns to the way our lives have come to be socially organised, seeing the geography in society. To a statistical readership visualization implies using data. More widely defined it implies freeing our imaginations.The Visualization of Spatial Social Structure introduces the reader to new ways of thinking about how to look at social statistics, particularly those about people in places. The author presents a unique combination of statistical focus and understanding of social structures and innovations in visualization, describing the rationale for, and development of, a new way of visualizing information in geographical research. These methods are illustrated through extensive full colour graphics; revealing mistakes, techniques and discoveries which present a picture of a changing political and social geography. More complex aspects on the surface of social landscapes are revealed with sculptured symbols allowing us to see the relationships between the wood and the trees of social structure. Today's software can be so flexible that these techniques can now be emulated without coding.This book centres on a particular place and time; 1980s Britain, and a particular set of records; routine social statistics. A great deal of information about the 80s' social geography of Britain is contained within databases such as the population censuses, surveys and administrative data. Following the release of the 2011 census, now is a good time to look back at the past to introduce many new visualization techniques that could be used by future researchers.
Visualising Safety, an Exploration: Drawings, Pictures, Images, Videos and Movies (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Jean-Christophe Le Coze Teemu ReimanThis open access book explores the role visual tools and graphical models play in safety management. It explains the importance of visualising safety, for teaching concepts, communicating ideas to peers, and raising awareness of potential threats through posters. Visualising Safety, an Exploration introduces graphical models which have been influential in promoting ideas of safety, and impacting the organisational design of safety mechanisms, including the Heinreich ‘safety pyramid’ and Reason’s ‘Swiss Cheese’. It analyses these models, as well as other forms of visualization, presenting viewpoints from academics and practitioners in the fields of safety science, history, ethnography and interface design.This brief will be of interest to anyone working in the field of safety management and design, including researchers, managers and students.
Visualization Analysis and Design (Ak Peters Visualization Ser.)
by Tamara MunznerLearn How to Design Effective Visualization SystemsVisualization Analysis and Design provides a systematic, comprehensive framework for thinking about visualization in terms of principles and design choices. The book features a unified approach encompassing information visualization techniques for abstract data, scientific visualization techniques
Visualization and Imputation of Missing Values: With Applications in R (Statistics and Computing)
by Matthias TemplThis book explores visualization and imputation techniques for missing values and presents practical applications using the statistical software R. It explains the concepts of common imputation methods with a focus on visualization, description of data problems and practical solutions using R, including modern methods of robust imputation, imputation based on deep learning and imputation for complex data. By describing the advantages, disadvantages and pitfalls of each method, the book presents a clear picture of which imputation methods are applicable given a specific data set at hand.The material covered includes the pre-analysis of data, visualization of missing values in incomplete data, single and multiple imputation, deductive imputation and outlier replacement, model-based methods including methods based on robust estimates, non-linear methods such as tree-based and deep learning methods, imputation of compositional data, imputation quality evaluation from visual diagnostics to precision measures, coverage rates and prediction performance and a description of different model- and design-based simulation designs for the evaluation. The book also features a topic-focused introduction to R and R code is provided in each chapter to explain the practical application of the described methodology. Addressed to researchers, practitioners and students who work with incomplete data, the book offers an introduction to the subject as well as a discussion of recent developments in the field. It is suitable for beginners to the topic and advanced readers alike.