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Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy
by Cathy O'NeilLonglisted for the National Book AwardNew York Times BestsellerA former Wall Street quant sounds an alarm on the mathematical models that pervade modern life — and threaten to rip apart our social fabricWe live in the age of the algorithm. Increasingly, the decisions that affect our lives—where we go to school, whether we get a car loan, how much we pay for health insurance—are being made not by humans, but by mathematical models. In theory, this should lead to greater fairness: Everyone is judged according to the same rules, and bias is eliminated.But as Cathy O’Neil reveals in this urgent and necessary book, the opposite is true. The models being used today are opaque, unregulated, and uncontestable, even when they’re wrong. Most troubling, they reinforce discrimination: If a poor student can’t get a loan because a lending model deems him too risky (by virtue of his zip code), he’s then cut off from the kind of education that could pull him out of poverty, and a vicious spiral ensues. Models are propping up the lucky and punishing the downtrodden, creating a “toxic cocktail for democracy.” Welcome to the dark side of Big Data.Tracing the arc of a person’s life, O’Neil exposes the black box models that shape our future, both as individuals and as a society. These “weapons of math destruction” score teachers and students, sort résumés, grant (or deny) loans, evaluate workers, target voters, set parole, and monitor our health.O’Neil calls on modelers to take more responsibility for their algorithms and on policy makers to regulate their use. But in the end, it’s up to us to become more savvy about the models that govern our lives. This important book empowers us to ask the tough questions, uncover the truth, and demand change.— Longlist for National Book Award (Non-Fiction)— Goodreads, semi-finalist for the 2016 Goodreads Choice Awards (Science and Technology)— Kirkus, Best Books of 2016— New York Times, 100 Notable Books of 2016 (Non-Fiction)— The Guardian, Best Books of 2016— WBUR's "On Point," Best Books of 2016: Staff Picks— Boston Globe, Best Books of 2016, Non-Fiction
Weather Derivatives
by Achilleas D. Zapranis Antonis Alexandridis K.Weather derivatives are financial instruments that can be used by organizations or individuals as part of a risk management strategy to minimize risk associated with adverse or unexpected weather conditions. Just as traditional contingent claims, a weather derivative has an underlying measure, such as: rainfall, wind, snow or temperature. Nearly $1 trillion of the U.S. economy is directly exposed to weather-related risk. More precisely, almost 30% of the U.S. economy and 70% of U.S. companies are affected by weather. The purpose of this monograph is to conduct an in-depth analysis of financial products that are traded in the weather market. Presenting a pricing and modeling approach for weather derivatives written on various underlying weather variables will help students, researchers, and industry professionals accurately price weather derivatives, and will provide strategies for effectively hedging against weather-related risk. This book will link the mathematical aspects of the modeling procedure of weather variables to the financial markets and the pricing of weather derivatives. Very little has been published in the area of weather risk, and this volume will appeal to graduate-level students and researchers studying financial mathematics, risk management, or energy finance, in addition to investors and professionals within the financial services industry.
Weather Modeling and Forecasting of PV Systems Operation
by Viorel Badescu Eugenia Paulescu Paul Gravila Marius PaulescuIn the past decade, there has been a substantial increase of grid-feeding photovoltaic applications, thus raising the importance of solar electricity in the energy mix. This trend is expected to continue and may even increase. Apart from the high initial investment cost, the fluctuating nature of the solar resource raises particular insertion problems in electrical networks. Proper grid managing demands short- and long-time forecasting of solar power plant output. Weather modeling and forecasting of PV systems operation is focused on this issue. Models for predicting the state of the sky, nowcasting solar irradiance and forecasting solar irradiation are studied and exemplified. Statistical as well as artificial intelligence methods are described. The efficiency of photovoltaic converters is assessed for any weather conditions. Weather modeling and forecasting of PV systems operation is written for researchers, engineers, physicists and students interested in PV systems design and utilization.
Web 3.0: Concept, Content and Context
by Shenghui ChengAs technology continues to advance, the Internet is evolving into what is often referred to as Web 3.0. This book aims to achieve three main objectives, first, it introduces Web 3.0 systematically and comprehensively, providing readers with a foundational understanding of its concepts and characteristics. Second, it analyzes the inevitability and development necessity of Web 3.0, as well as its potential future possibilities and transformative effects. Finally, it explores Web 3.0 through comparative analysis, discussing its relationship with the metaverse as well as how individuals and organizations can seize the opportunities presented by Web 3.0. Various topics related to Web 3.0, including its infrastructure, development facilities, scenario applications, technology stacks, and industry applications such as decentralized applications (DApps) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platforms are presented in the book. It delves into the ecosystem of Web 3.0, discussing decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), open finance (DeFi), cryptocurrencies, token economy, digital identity, creator economy, attention economy, and cyber-physical and human systems. Additionally, it addresses governance issues, security challenges, development challenges, and legal and regulatory aspects associated with Web 3.0. Overall, Web 3.0: Concept, Content and Context provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of Web 3.0, its potential implications, and the opportunities for new industry models and business opportunities in the evolving Internet era.
Web and Big Data: 7th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2023, Wuhan, China, October 6–8, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14331)
by Jianxin Li Geyong Min Xiangyu Song Ruyi Feng Yunliang ChenThe 4-volume set LNCS 14331, 14332, 14333, and 14334 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2023, which took place in Wuhan, China, in October 2023. The total of 138 papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 434 submissions. They focus on innovative ideas, original research findings, case study results, and experienced insights in the areas of the World Wide Web and big data, covering Web technologies, database systems, information management, software engineering, knowledge graph, recommend system and big data.
Web and Big Data: 7th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2023, Wuhan, China, October 6–8, 2023, Proceedings, Part III (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14333)
by Jianxin Li Geyong Min Xiangyu Song Ruyi Feng Yunliang ChenThe 4-volume set LNCS 14331, 14332, 14333, and 14334 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2023, which took place in Wuhan, China, in October 2023. The total of 138 papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 434 submissions. They focus on innovative ideas, original research findings, case study results, and experienced insights in the areas of the World Wide Web and big data, covering Web technologies, database systems, information management, software engineering, knowledge graph, recommend system and big data.
Web and Big Data: 7th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2023, Wuhan, China, October 6–8, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14332)
by Jianxin Li Geyong Min Xiangyu Song Ruyi Feng Yunliang ChenThe 4-volume set LNCS 14331, 14332, 14333, and 14334 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2023, which took place in Wuhan, China, in October 2023. The total of 138 papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 434 submissions. They focus on innovative ideas, original research findings, case study results, and experienced insights in the areas of the World Wide Web and big data, covering Web technologies, database systems, information management, software engineering, knowledge graph, recommend system and big data.
Web and Big Data: 7th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2023, Wuhan, China, October 6–8, 2023, Proceedings, Part IV (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14334)
by Xiangyu Song Ruyi Feng Yunliang Chen Jianxin Li Geyong MinThe 4-volume set LNCS 14331, 14332, 14333, and 14334 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2023, which took place in Wuhan, China, in October 2023. The total of 138 papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 434 submissions. They focus on innovative ideas, original research findings, case study results, and experienced insights in the areas of the World Wide Web and big data, covering Web technologies, database systems, information management, software engineering, knowledge graph, recommend system and big data.
Web and Big Data: 8th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2024, Jinhua, China, August 30 – September 1, 2024, Proceedings, Part V (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14965)
by Wenjie Zhang Anthony Tung Zhonglong Zheng Zhengyi Yang Xiaoyang Wang Hongjie GuoThe five-volume set LNCS 14961, 14962, 14963, 14964 and 14965 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Web and Big Data, APWeb-WAIM 2024, held in Jinhua, China, during August 30–September 1, 2024. The 171 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 558 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Natural language processing, Generative AI and LLM, Computer Vision and Recommender System. Part II: Recommender System, Knowledge Graph and Spatial and Temporal Data. Part III: Spatial and Temporal Data, Graph Neural Network, Graph Mining and Database System and Query Optimization. Part IV: Database System and Query Optimization, Federated and Privacy-Preserving Learning, Network, Blockchain and Edge computing, Anomaly Detection and Security Part V: Anomaly Detection and Security, Information Retrieval, Machine Learning, Demonstration Paper and Industry Paper.
Web and Big Data: 8th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2024, Jinhua, China, August 30 – September 1, 2024, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14961)
by Wenjie Zhang Anthony Tung Zhonglong Zheng Zhengyi Yang Xiaoyang Wang Hongjie GuoThe five-volume set LNCS 14961, 14962, 14963, 14964 and 14965 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Web and Big Data, APWeb-WAIM 2024, held in Jinhua, China, during August 30–September 1, 2024. The 171 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 558 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Natural language processing, Generative AI and LLM, Computer Vision and Recommender System. Part II: Recommender System, Knowledge Graph and Spatial and Temporal Data. Part III: Spatial and Temporal Data, Graph Neural Network, Graph Mining and Database System and Query Optimization. Part IV: Database System and Query Optimization, Federated and Privacy-Preserving Learning, Network, Blockchain and Edge computing, Anomaly Detection and Security Part V: Anomaly Detection and Security, Information Retrieval, Machine Learning, Demonstration Paper and Industry Paper.
Web and Big Data: 8th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2024, Jinhua, China, August 30 – September 1, 2024, Proceedings, Part IV (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14964)
by Wenjie Zhang Anthony Tung Zhonglong Zheng Zhengyi Yang Xiaoyang Wang Hongjie GuoThe five-volume set LNCS 14961, 14962, 14963, 14964 and 14965 constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Web and Big Data, APWeb-WAIM 2024, held in Jinhua, China, during August 30–September 1, 2024. The 171 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 558 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Volume I: Natural language processing, Generative AI and LLM, Computer Vision and Recommender System. Volume II: Recommender System, Knowledge Graph and Spatial and Temporal Data. Volume III: Spatial and Temporal Data, Graph Neural Network, Graph Mining and Database System and Query Optimization. Volume IV: Database System and Query Optimization, Federated and Privacy-Preserving Learning, Network, Blockchain and Edge computing, Anomaly Detection and Security Volume V: Anomaly Detection and Security, Information Retrieval, Machine Learning, Demonstration Paper and Industry Paper.
Web and Big Data: 8th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2024, Jinhua, China, August 30 – September 1, 2024, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14962)
by Wenjie Zhang Anthony Tung Zhonglong Zheng Zhengyi Yang Xiaoyang Wang Hongjie GuoThe five-volume set LNCS 14961, 14962, 14963, 14964 and 14965 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Web and Big Data, APWeb-WAIM 2024, held in Jinhua, China, during August 30–September 1, 2024. The 171 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 558 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Natural language processing, Generative AI and LLM, Computer Vision and Recommender System. Part II: Recommender System, Knowledge Graph and Spatial and Temporal Data. Part III: Spatial and Temporal Data, Graph Neural Network, Graph Mining and Database System and Query Optimization. Part IV: Database System and Query Optimization, Federated and Privacy-Preserving Learning, Network, Blockchain and Edge computing, Anomaly Detection and Security Part V: Anomaly Detection and Security, Information Retrieval, Machine Learning, Demonstration Paper and Industry Paper.
Web and Big Data: 8th International Joint Conference, APWeb-WAIM 2024, Jinhua, China, August 30 – September 1, 2024, Proceedings, Part III (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14963)
by Wenjie Zhang Anthony Tung Zhonglong Zheng Zhengyi Yang Xiaoyang Wang Hongjie GuoThe five-volume set LNCS 14961, 14962, 14963, 14964 and 14965 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Web and Big Data, APWeb-WAIM 2024, held in Jinhua, China, during August 30–September 1, 2024. The 171 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 558 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Natural language processing, Generative AI and LLM, Computer Vision and Recommender System. Part II: Recommender System, Knowledge Graph and Spatial and Temporal Data. Part III: Spatial and Temporal Data, Graph Neural Network, Graph Mining and Database System and Query Optimization. Part IV: Database System and Query Optimization, Federated and Privacy-Preserving Learning, Network, Blockchain and Edge computing, Anomaly Detection and Security Part V: Anomaly Detection and Security, Information Retrieval, Machine Learning, Demonstration Paper and Industry Paper.
Web and Big Data. APWeb-WAIM 2023 International Workshops: KGMA 2023 and SemiBDMA 2023, Wuhan, China, October 6–8, 2023, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #2094)
by Jianxin Li Geyong Min Xiangyu Song Ruyi Feng Yunliang ChenThis proceedings constitutes selected papers from the Workshops KGMA and SemiBDMA which were held in conjunction with APWeb-WAIM 2023 which took place in Wuhan, China, during October 6-8, 2023. The 7 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 15 papers submitted to these workshops. They focus on new research approaches on the theory, design, and implementation of data management systems.
Web and Internet Economics: 14th International Conference, WINE 2018, Oxford, UK, December 15–17, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11316)
by George Christodoulou Tobias HarksThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Web and Internet Economics, WINE 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in December 2018. The 28 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 119 submissions. The papers reflect the work of researchers in theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and microeconomics who have joined forces to tackle problems at the intersection of computation, game theory and economics.
Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems: 16th International Symposium, W2GIS 2018, A Coruña, Spain, May 21–22, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10819)
by Miguel R. Luaces Farid KarimipourThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, W2GIS 2018, held in A Coruña, Spain, in May 2018. The 15 full papers included in the volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. They deal with theoretical, technical, and practical issues in the field of wireless and Internet technologies suited for the dissemination, usage, and processing of geo-referenced data.
Web Information Retrieval
by Emanuele Della Valle Marco Brambilla Piero Fraternali Alessandro Bozzon Stefano Ceri Silvia QuarteroniWith the proliferation of huge amounts of (heterogeneous) data on the Web, the importance of information retrieval (IR) has grown considerably over the last few years. Big players in the computer industry, such as Google, Microsoft and Yahoo!, are the primary contributors of technology for fast access to Web-based information; and searching capabilities are now integrated into most information systems, ranging from business management software and customer relationship systems to social networks and mobile phone applications. Ceri and his co-authors aim at taking their readers from the foundations of modern information retrieval to the most advanced challenges of Web IR. To this end, their book is divided into three parts. The first part addresses the principles of IR and provides a systematic and compact description of basic information retrieval techniques (including binary, vector space and probabilistic models as well as natural language search processing) before focusing on its application to the Web. Part two addresses the foundational aspects of Web IR by discussing the general architecture of search engines (with a focus on the crawling and indexing processes), describing link analysis methods (specifically Page Rank and HITS), addressing recommendation and diversification, and finally presenting advertising in search (the main source of revenues for search engines). The third and final part describes advanced aspects of Web search, each chapter providing a self-contained, up-to-date survey on current Web research directions. Topics in this part include meta-search and multi-domain search, semantic search, search in the context of multimedia data, and crowd search. The book is ideally suited to courses on information retrieval, as it covers all Web-independent foundational aspects. Its presentation is self-contained and does not require prior background knowledge. It can also be used in the context of classic courses on data management, allowing the instructor to cover both structured and unstructured data in various formats. Its classroom use is facilitated by a set of slides, which can be downloaded from www.search-computing.org.
Web Information Systems and Applications: 21st International Conference, WISA 2024, Yinchuan, China, August 2–4, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14883)
by Cheqing Jin Shiyu Yang Xuequn Shang Haofen Wang Yong ZhangThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web Information Systems and Applications, WISA 2024, held in Yinchuan, China, during August 2–4, 2024. The 39 full papers and 11 short papers presented in this book were carefully selected and reviewed from 193 submissions. These papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Knowledge construction; Intelligent service; Intelligent computing; Large language model; Security; Information system applications.
WebRTC Integrator's Guide
by Altanai AltanaiThis book is for programmers who want to learn about real-time communication and utilize the full potential of WebRTC. It is assumed that you have working knowledge of setting up a basic telecom infrastructure as well as basic programming and scripting knowledge.
Wege aus sozialer Isolation für ältere Menschen im Kontext Neuer Medien: CONNECT-ED - Ein Projekt zur Verbesserung gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe
by Britta Thege Juliane Köchling-Farahwaran Sonja Börm Stephan DettmersDas Buch stellt das Begegnungskonzept CONNECT-ED aus der Praxis der Altenarbeit zur Vermittlung von Medienkompetenz vor und präsentiert empirische Daten zur sozialen Teilhabe und Lebensqualität der Teilnehmenden. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen Potenziale des Internets für ältere Menschen auf und eröffnen Perspektiven für geschlechts- und alterssensible Weiterbildungsangebote.
The Weierstrass Elliptic Function and Applications in Classical and Quantum Mechanics: A Primer for Advanced Undergraduates (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Georgios PastrasThe field of elliptic functions, apart from its own mathematical beauty, has many applications in physics in a variety of topics, such as string theory or integrable systems. This book, which focuses on the Weierstrass theory of elliptic functions, aims at senior undergraduate and junior graduate students in physics or applied mathematics. Supplemented by problems and solutions, it provides a fast, but thorough introduction to the mathematical theory and presents some important applications in classical and quantum mechanics. Elementary applications, such as the simple pendulum, help the readers develop physical intuition on the behavior of the Weierstrass elliptic and related functions, whereas more Interesting and advanced examples, like the n=1 Lamé problem-a periodic potential with an exactly solvable band structure, are also presented.
Weight (Math Counts: Updated Editions)
by Henry PluckroseAn introduction to capacity for the youngest readers!Math Counts series introduces young readers (grades K-3) to early math concepts. Real-world examples and corresponding photos make math concepts easy to grasp.Weight is a measuring word. We weigh things to find out how heavy they are.
Weight-of-Evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles (Statistics in Practice #34)
by David J. Balding Christopher D. SteeleDNA evidence is widely used in the modern justice system. Statistical methodology plays a key role in ensuring that this evidence is collected, interpreted, analysed and presented correctly. This book is a guide to assessing DNA evidence and presenting that evidence in a courtroom setting. It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability, and provides the scientist with the understanding they require to apply the methods in their work. Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2005 there have been many incremental changes, and one dramatic change which is the emergence of low template DNA (LTDNA) profiles. This second edition is edited and expanded to cover the basics of LTDNA technology. The author's own open-source R code likeLTD is described and used for worked examples in the book. Commercial and free software are also covered.
Weighted and Fuzzy Graph Theory (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #429)
by Sunil Mathew John N. Mordeson M. BinuOne of the most preeminent ways of applying mathematics in real-world scenario modeling involves graph theory. A graph can be undirected or directed depending on whether the pairwise relationships among objects are symmetric or not. Nevertheless, in many real-world situations, representing a set of complex relational objects as directed or undirected is not su¢ cient. Weighted graphs o§er a framework that helps to over come certain conceptual limitations. We show using the concept of an isomorphism that weighted graphs have a natural connection to fuzzy graphs. As we show in the book, this allows results to be carried back and forth between weighted graphs and fuzzy graphs. This idea is in keeping with the important paper by Klement and Mesiar that shows that many families of fuzzy sets are lattice isomorphic to each other. We also outline the important work of Head and Weinberger that show how results from ordinary mathematics can be carried over to fuzzy mathematics. We focus on the concepts connectivity, degree sequences and saturation, and intervals and gates in weighted graphs.
Weighted Polynomial Approximation and Numerical Methods for Integral Equations (Pathways in Mathematics)
by Peter Junghanns Giuseppe Mastroianni Incoronata NotarangeloThe book presents a combination of two topics: one coming from the theory of approximation of functions and integrals by interpolation and quadrature, respectively, and the other from the numerical analysis of operator equations, in particular, of integral and related equations.The text focusses on interpolation and quadrature processes for functions defined on bounded and unbounded intervals and having certain singularities at the endpoints of the interval, as well as on numerical methods for Fredholm integral equations of first and second kind with smooth and weakly singular kernel functions, linear and nonlinear Cauchy singular integral equations, and hypersingular integral equations.The book includes both classic and very recent results and will appeal to graduate students and researchers who want to learn about the approximation of functions and the numerical solution of operator equations, in particular integral equations.