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Utilization of Geospatial Information in Daily Life: Expression and Analysis of Dynamic Life Activity (New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives #65)
by Yoshihide Sekimoto Yasuhiro KawaharaThis book focuses on geospatial information in living spaces, providing many examples of its collection and use as well as discussing the problems of how it is used and its future prospects.Geospatial information science is in the process of evolving and being systematized, with the technical and usage aspects of the real world stimulating each other. This book systematizes the technical aspects of positioning; of geography, which manages and represents what is measured in units of earth coordinates; and of data science, which aims to efficiently express and process geographic information, all by introducing contemporary examples that are systematized with regard to their use in our living spaces. Examples of geospatial information used in almost all aspects of our lives, including urban areas, transportation, disaster prevention, health and medical care, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, culture, ecology, and topography, are presented, along with examples of their use in each area. One of the major features of this book is that it describes the use of data from earthquake disasters that is unique to Japan, as well as the use of open data and personal data in Japan, which is a trend that is gaining attention in many countries. In this way the book systematically describes events and circumstances in living spaces that are revealed by the expression and analysis of geospatial data, with case studies and discusses their use in the IoT era.
Utilization of Renormalized Mean-Field Theory upon Novel Quantum Materials (Springer Theses)
by Wei-Lin TuThis book offers a new approach to the long-standing problem of high-Tc copper-oxide superconductors. It has been demonstrated that starting from a strongly correlated Hamiltonian, even within the mean-field regime, the “competing orders” revealed by experiments can be achieved using numerical calculations. In the introduction, readers will find a brief review of the high-Tc problem and the unique challenges it poses, as well as a comparatively simple numerical approach, the renormalized mean-field theory (RMFT), which provides rich results detailed in the following chapters. With an additional phase picked up by the original Hamiltonian, some behaviors of interactive fermions under an external magnetic field, which have since been experimentally observed using cold atom techniques, are also highlighted.
V.A. Fock - Selected Works: Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory
by L. D. Faddeev L. A. Khalfin I. V. KomarovIn the period between the birth of quantum mechanics and the late 1950s, V.A. Fock wrote papers that are now deemed classics. In his works on theoretical physics, Fock not only skillfully applied advanced analytical and algebraic methods, but also systematically created new mathematical tools when existing approaches proved insufficient. This co
Validated Numerics: A Short Introduction to Rigorous Computations
by Warwick TuckerA comprehensive, self-contained primer on validated numericsThis textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of validated numerics, an emerging new field that combines the strengths of scientific computing and pure mathematics. In numerous fields ranging from pharmaceutics and engineering to weather prediction and robotics, fast and precise computations are essential. Based on the theory of set-valued analysis, a new suite of numerical methods is developed, producing efficient and reliable solvers for numerous problems in nonlinear analysis. Validated numerics yields rigorous computations that can find all possible solutions to a problem while taking into account all possible sources of error—fast, and with guaranteed accuracy.Validated Numerics offers a self-contained primer on the subject, guiding readers from the basics to more advanced concepts and techniques. This book is an essential resource for those entering this fast-developing field, and it is also the ideal textbook for graduate students and advanced undergraduates needing an accessible introduction to the subject. Validated Numerics features many examples, exercises, and computer labs using MATLAB/C++, as well as detailed appendixes and an extensive bibliography for further reading.Provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to validated numericsRequires no advanced mathematics or programming skillsFeatures many examples, exercises, and computer labsIncludes code snippets that illustrate implementationSuitable as a textbook for graduate students and advanced undergraduates
Validity: An Integrated Approach to Test Score Meaning and Use
by Gregory J. CizekValidity is a clear, substantive introduction to the two most fundamental aspects of defensible testing practice: understanding test score meaning and justifying test score use. Driven by evidence-based and consensus-grounded measurement theory, principles, and terminology, this book addresses the most common questions of applied validation, the quality of test information, and the usefulness of test results. Concise yet comprehensive, this volume’s integrated framework is ideal for graduate courses on assessment, testing, psychometrics, and research methods as well as for credentialing organizations, licensure and certification entities, education agencies, and test publishers.
Validity, Reliability, and Significance: Empirical Methods for NLP and Data Science (Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies)
by Stefan Riezler Michael HagmannThis book introduces empirical methods for machine learning with a special focus on applications in natural language processing (NLP) and data science. The authors present problems of validity, reliability, and significance and provide common solutions based on statistical methodology to solve them. The book focuses on model-based empirical methods where data annotations and model predictions are treated as training data for interpretable probabilistic models from the well-understood families of generalized additive models (GAMs) and linear mixed effects models (LMEMs). Based on the interpretable parameters of the trained GAMs or LMEMs, the book presents model-based statistical tests such as a validity test that allows for the detection of circular features that circumvent learning. Furthermore, the book discusses a reliability coefficient using variance decomposition based on random effect parameters of LMEMs. Lastly, a significance test based on the likelihood ratios of nested LMEMs trained on the performance scores of two machine learning models is shown to naturally allow the inclusion of variations in meta-parameter settings into hypothesis testing, and further facilitates a refined system comparison conditional on properties of input data. The book is self-contained with an appendix on the mathematical background of generalized additive models and linear mixed effects models as well as an accompanying webpage with the related R and Python code to replicate the presented experiments. The second edition also features a new hands-on chapter that illustrates how to use the included tools in practical applications.
Valori trigonometrici esatti per tutti gli angoli e i poligoni
by Bhava Nath Dahal F. RossiValori trigonometrici esatti per tutti gli angoli interi e i poligoni. I valori esatti sono basati solo sulla radice di 2. Il metodo, denominato Precise - Rewritten, è nuovo rispetto al metodo classico della trigonometria.
Valuation and Volatility: Stakeholder's Perspective
by Dinabandhu BagThis textbook provides a first-hand account of impact of volatility on valuations. It focuses on valuation of the investment with fair, practical and insightful explanations. Volatility in markets can form the foundation of fair value. A marginal change in volatility has a significant impact on the effective cost of borrowing (capital). Portfolio managers, fund managers and corporates continue to watch as prices plunge due to volatility and can impose future restrictions on their skillful maneuver. The book highlights the approaches, design of tests, comparison and matching or making of models. It delves into techniques for measuring the contours and boundaries of risk and translating the losses to end impact. It explains the post facto and post period nuances to recover from money loss. The book further elaborates combining positions and hedging, to evaluate and choose to conduct tests of effectiveness. It provides guidance on benchmarks of portfolios, tax implications and carrying forward benefits of losses. The text includes examples and business use cases that build on analysis, common tools and highlights the end use of volatility for stakeholders.
Valuation of Network Effects in Software Markets: A Complex Networks Approach
by Andreas KemperThe customer base is an important value driver of software companies and a reliable prediction of its development is fundamental for investment decisions. A particularity in software markets is that an individual's purchasing decision is often influenced by other users' choices. Although such customer network effects are evident, their quantitative assessment remain elusive with conventional approaches. This book contributes to closing this gap by developing methods for measuring network effects and their implications for valuation in software markets. Based on the theory of complex networks the book reveals that such diffusion processes highly depend on structural properties of customer networks. Moreover, it depicts that such insights are contributions to improve the quality of valuations in software markets. But the implications of this research also comprise social and political aspects as they can be applied in order to prevent corporate failures in all network effect markets.
Value-Added Decision Making for Managers
by Kenneth Chelst Yavuz Burak CanbolatDeveloped from the authors' longstanding course on decision and risk analysis, Value-Added Decision Making for Managers explores the important interaction between decisions and management action and clarifies the barriers to rational decision making. The authors analyze strengths and weaknesses of the best alternatives, enabling decision makers to
Value Change in Global Perspective
by Paul R. AbramsonIn this pioneering work, Paul R. Abramson and Ronald Inglehart show that the gradual shift from Materialist values (such as the desire for economic and physical security) to Post-materialist values (such as the desire for freedom, self-expression, and the quality of life) is in all likelihood a global phenomenon. Value Change in Global Perspectiveanalyzes over thirty years worth of national surveys in European countries and presents the most comprehensive and nuanced discussion of this shift to date. By paying special attention to the way generational replacement transforms values among mass publics, the authors are able to present a comprehensive analysis of the processes through which values change. In addition,Value Change in Global Perspectiveanalyzes the 1990-91 World Values Survey, conducted in forty societies representing over seventy percent of the world's population. These surveys cover an unprecedentedly broad range of the economic and political spectrum, with data from low-income countries (such as China, India, Mexico, and Nigeria), newly industrialized countries (such as South Korea) and former state-socialist countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This data adds significant new meaning to our understanding of attitude shifts throughout the world. Value Change in Global Perspectivehas been written to meet the needs of scholars and students alike. The use of percentage, percentage differences, and algebraic standardization procedures will make the results easy to understand and useful in courses in comparative politics and in public opinion. Paul R. Abramson is Professor of Political Science, Michigan State University. Ronald Inglehart is Professor of Political Science and Program Director, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
Value Creation in Management Accounting and Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach
by Satoshi Sugahara Nabyla Daidj Sumitaka UshioThis book explores two combined approaches (strategy and accounting) from a cross-disciplinary perspective in order to improve knowledge of value creation in various contexts. Existing studies on this topic have generally adopted a purely account-based or strategy-oriented approach to address this issue. However, this book draws upon a number of well-defined theoretical and empirical backgrounds and methodologies. Since the 1980s, many changes have occurred and companies have increasingly focused their strategies on value creation. Consequently, new strategic directions have emerged, especially for managerial accounting. Management accounting and alignment with strategy could thus improve performance. This book encourages further thought and reflection on these issues which should be pursued in the future as firms face new challenges associated with the acceleration of digital transformation.
Value Functions on Simple Algebras, and Associated Graded Rings
by Jean-Pierre Tignol Adrian R. WadsworthThis monograph is the first book-length treatment of valuation theory on finite-dimensional division algebras, a subject of active and substantial research over the last forty years. Its development was spurred in the last decades of the twentieth century by important advances such as Amitsur's construction of non crossed products and Platonov's solution of the Tannaka-Artin problem. This study is particularly timely because it approaches the subject from the perspective of associated graded structures. This new approach has been developed by the authors in the last few years and has significantly clarified the theory. Various constructions of division algebras are obtained as applications of the theory, such as noncrossed products and indecomposable algebras. In addition, the use of valuation theory in reduced Whitehead group calculations (after Hazrat and Wadsworth) and in essential dimension computations (after Baek and Merkurjev) is showcased. The intended audience consists of graduate students and research mathematicians.
The Value of Information: Methodological Frontiers and New Applications in Environment and Health
by Molly K. Macauley Ramanan LaxminarayanThe book examines applications in two disparate fields linked by the importance of valuing information: public health and space. Researchers in the health field have developed some of the most innovative methodologies for valuing information, used to help determine, for example, the value of diagnostics in informing patient treatment decisions. In the field of space, recent applications of value-of-information methods are critical for informing decisions on investment in satellites that collect data about air quality, fresh water supplies, climate and other natural and environmental resources affecting global health and quality of life.
Value of Information for Healthcare Decision-Making (Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series)
by Anna Heath Natalia Kunst Christopher JacksonValue of Information for Healthcare Decision-Making introduces the concept of Value of Information (VOI) use in health policy decision-making to determine the sensitivity of decisions to assumptions, and to prioritise and design future research. These methods, and their use in cost-effectiveness analysis, are increasingly acknowledged by health technology assessment authorities as vital. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive overview of VOI Simplifies VOI Showcases state-of-the-art techniques for computing VOI Includes R statistical software package Provides results when using VOI methods Uses realistic decision model to illustrate key concepts The primary audience for this book is health economic modellers and researchers, in industry, government, or academia, who wish to perform VOI analysis in health economic evaluations. It is relevant for postgraduate researchers and students in health economics or medical statistics who are required to learn the principles of VOI or undertake VOI analyses in their projects. The overall goal is to improve the understanding of these methods and make them easier to use.
The Value of Science: Essential Writings of Henri Poincare (Modern Library Science)
by Henri PoincaréMore than any other writer of the twentieth century, Henri Poincaré brought the elegant, but often complicated, ideas about science and mathematics to the general reader. A genius who throughout his life solved complex mathematical calculations in his head, and a writer gifted with an inimitable style, Poincaré rose to the challenge of interpreting the philosophy of science to scientists and nonscientists alike. His lucid and welcoming prose made him the Carl Sagan of his time. This volume collects his three most important books: Science and Hypothesis (1903); The Value of Science (1905); and Science and Method (1908).
Value, Technical Change and Crisis: Explorations in Marxist Economic Theory
by David LaibmanThis text brings together studies in various aspects of the theory of the capitalist economy. It focuses on major themes of the Marxist tradition that postulate the existence and importance of social relations and structures underlying the esoteric realm of economic categories: prices, profits, wages, etc. The author takes a reappraising, critical look at the concepts of the deep structure - value, explitation, immanent crisis - using the analytical tools of modern economics to improve those concepts. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 explores the essential nature of capitalism, re-examining problems in the theory of value and exploitation. Part 2 tackles the issue of capitalism-specific paths of growth and technical change, putting forward a rigorous theory of biased technical change and non-steady-state growth. Part 3 examines the cyclical character of capitalist growth and the theory of crises. Finally, Part 4 places capitalism in the wider framework of modes of production, considering the theory of precapitalist formations and aspects of the theory and practical experience of socialism. The guiding theme is the combination, or confrontation, of rigorous, quantitative analytical techniques with equally demanding qualitative and political-economic conceptualization. The book's premise is that this interface is essential to a progressive yet distinctively Marxist social theory.
Values and Valuing in Mathematics Education: Scanning and Scoping the Territory (ICME-13 Monographs)
by Philip Clarkson Wee Tiong Seah JeongSuk PangThis engaging open access book discusses how a values and valuing perspective can facilitate a more effective mathematics pedagogical experience, and allows readers to explore multiple applications of the values perspective across different education systems. It also clearly shows that teaching mathematics involves not only reasoning and feelings, but also students’ interactions with their cultural setting and each other.The book brings together the work of world leaders and new thinkers in mathematics educational research to improve the learning and teaching of mathematics. Addressing themes such as discovering hidden cultural values, a multicultural society and methodological issues in the investigation of values in mathematics, it stimulates readers to consider these topics in cross-cultural ways, and offers suggestions for research and classroom practice.It is a valuable resource for scholars of mathematics education, from early childhood through to higher education and an inspiring read for all mathematics teachers.
Values and Valuing in Mathematics Education: Moving Forward into Practice
by Yüksel Dede Gosia Marschall Philip ClarksonThis book is a follow-up to 'Values and Valuing in Mathematics Education: Scanning and Scoping the Territory' (2019, Springer). This book adds a critical emphasis on practice and fosters thinking concerning positive mathematical well-being, engagement, teacher noticing, and values alignment among a range of critical notions that intersect with values and valuing. Values and valuing play a key role in many aspects of education, such as assessment, planning, classroom interactions, choosing tasks, and general well-being. What one values and finds important in the learning and teaching of mathematics operates within the intersection of all social, cognitive, and affective aspects of school pedagogy, making values a significant holistic factor in education. The chapters explore potential teaching strategies that enhance the understanding of the central place of values in mathematics itself as a subject, as well as how values impact how mathematics is used withinsociety. This book includes examples of strategies for facilitating students’ meaningful engagement with, and conscious learning of, values when engaging in mathematical thinking and doing.
Vanika Kanitham (Business Maths) 11th Standard - Tamilnadu Board
by State Council of Educational Research TrainingVanika Kanitham (Business Maths) Textbook for the 11th Standard Students, preparing for Tamil Nadu State Board Exam.
Vanika Kanitham Thoguthi - I (Business Maths Part I) 12th Standard - Tamilnadu Board
by State Council of Educational Research TrainingVanika Kanitham (Business Maths) Textbook Part I for the 12th Standard Students, preparing for Tamil Nadu State Board Exam.
Vanika Kanitham Thoguthi - II (Business Maths Part II) 12th Standard - Tamilnadu Board
by State Council of Educational Research TrainingVanika Kanitham (Business Maths) Textbook Part II for the 12th Standard Students, preparing for Tamil Nadu State Board Exam.
Variable Gain Design in Stochastic Iterative Learning Control (Intelligent Control and Learning Systems #13)
by Dong ShenThis book investigates the critical gain design in stochastic iterative learning control (SILC), including four specific gain design strategies: decreasing gain design, adaptive gain design, event-triggering gain design, and optimal gain design. The key concept for the gain design is to balance multiple performance indices such as high tracking precision, effective noise reduction, and fast convergence speed. These gain design techniques can be applied to various control algorithms for stochastic systems to realize a high tracking performance. This book provides a series of design and analysis techniques for the establishment of a systematic framework of gain design in SILC. The book is intended for scholars and graduate students who are interested in stochastic control, recursive algorithms design, and iterative learning control.
Variable Lebesgue Spaces
by Alberto Fiorenza David V. Cruz-UribeThis book provides an accessible introduction to the theory of variable Lebesgue spaces. These spaces generalize the classical Lebesgue spaces by replacing the constant exponent p with a variable exponent p(x). They were introduced in the early 1930s but have become the focus of renewed interest since the early 1990s because of their connection with the calculus of variations and partial differential equations with nonstandard growth conditions, and for their applications to problems in physics and image processing. The book begins with the development of the basic function space properties. It avoids a more abstract, functional analysis approach, instead emphasizing an hands-on approach that makes clear the similarities and differences between the variable and classical Lebesgue spaces. The subsequent chapters are devoted to harmonic analysis on variable Lebesgue spaces. The theory of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is completely developed, and the connections between variable Lebesgue spaces and the weighted norm inequalities are introduced. The other important operators in harmonic analysis - singular integrals, Riesz potentials, and approximate identities - are treated using a powerful generalization of the Rubio de Francia theory of extrapolation from the theory of weighted norm inequalities. The final chapter applies the results from previous chapters to prove basic results about variable Sobolev spaces.
Variable Neighborhood Search: 6th International Conference, ICVNS 2018, Sithonia, Greece, October 4–7, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11328)
by Angelo Sifaleras Said Salhi Jack BrimbergThis book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Variable Neighborhood Search, ICVNS 2018, held in Sithonia, Greece, in October 2018. ICVNS 2018 received 49 submissions of which 23 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected. VNS is a metaheuristic based on systematic changes in the neighborhood structure within a search for solving optimization problems and related tasks. The main goal of ICVNS 2018 was to provide a stimulating environment in which researchers coming from various scientific fields could share and discuss their knowledge, expertise, and ideas related to the VNS metaheuristic and its applications.