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Experimental and Quantitative Methods in Contemporary Economics: Computational Methods in Experimental Economics (CMEE) 2018 Conference (Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics)

Contemporary economists, when analyzing economic behavior of people, need to use the diversity of research methods and modern ways of discovering knowledge. The increasing popularity of using economic experiments requires the use of IT tools and quantitative methods that facilitate the analysis of the research material obtained as a result of the experiments and the formulation of correct conclusions. This proceedings volume presents problems in contemporary economics and provides innovative solutions using a range of quantitative and experimental tools. Featuring selected contributions presented at the 2018 Computational Methods in Experimental Economics Conference (CMEE 2018), this book provides a modern economic perspective on such important issues as: sustainable development, consumption, production, national wealth, the silver economy, behavioral finance, economic and non-economic factors determining the behavior of household members, consumer preferences, social campaigns, and neuromarketing. International case studies are also offered.

Experimental Design: From User Studies to Psychophysics

As computers proliferate and as the field of computer graphics matures, it has become increasingly important for computer scientists to understand how users perceive and interpret computer graphics. Experimental Design: From User Studies to Psychophysics is an accessible introduction to psychological experiments and experimental design, covering th

Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences (4th Edition)

Experimental Design: Procedures for Behavioral Sciences, Fourth Edition is a classic text with a reputuation for accessibility and readability. It has been revised and updated to make learning design concepts even easier. Roger E. Kirk shows how three simple experimental designs can be combined to form a variety of complex designs. He provides diagrams illustrating how subjects are assigned to treatments and treatment combinations. New terms are emphasized in boldface type, there are summaries of the advantages and disadvantages of each design, and real-life examples show how the designs are used.

Experimental Design and Reproducibility in Preclinical Animal Studies (Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine #1)

This highly-readable text provides grounds on how to plan and conduct animal experiments that can be reproduced by others. The book touches on factors that may impact the reproducibility of animal studies including: the animal genetic background, the animal microbial flora, environmental and physiological variables affecting the animal, animal welfare, statistics and experimental design, systematic reviews of animal studies, and the publishing process. The book addresses advanced undergraduates, graduate students and all scientists working with animals.

Experimental Design in Biotechnology (Statistics: A Series Of Textbooks And Monographs #105)

This book provides the first time user of statistics with an understanding of how and why statistical experimental design and analysis can be an effective problem solving tool. It presents experimental designs which are useful for small screening and response surface experiments.

Experimental Design in Psychology: A Case Approach

This text is about doing science and the active process of reading, learning, thinking, generating ideas, designing experiments, and the logistics surrounding each step of the research process. In easy-to-read, conversational language, Kim MacLin teaches students experimental design principles and techniques using a tutorial approach in which students read, critique, and analyze over 75 actual experiments from every major area of psychology. She provides them with real-world information about how science in psychology is conducted and how they can participate. Recognizing that students come to an experimental design course with their own interests and perspectives, MacLin covers many subdisciplines of psychology throughout the text, including IO psychology, child psychology, social psychology, behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology, clinical psychology, health psychology, educational/school psychology, legal psychology, and personality psychology, among others. Part I of the text is content oriented and provides an overview of the principles of experimental design. Part II contains annotated research articles for students to read and analyze. Classic articles have been retained and 11 new ones have been added, featuring contemporary case studies, information on the Open Science movement, expanded coverage on ethics in research, and a greater focus on becoming a better writer, clarity and precision in writing, and reducing bias in language. This edition is up to date with the latest APA Publication Manual (7th edition) and includes an overview of the updated bias-free language guidelines, the use of singular "they," the new ethical compliance checklist, and other key changes in APA style. This text is essential reading for students and researchers interested in and studying experimental design in psychology.

Experimental Design in Psychology: A Case Approach

This text is about doing science and the active process of reading, learning, thinking, generating ideas, designing experiments, and the logistics surrounding each step of the research process. In easy-to-read, conversational language, Kim MacLin teaches students experimental design principles and techniques using a tutorial approach in which students read, critique, and analyze over 75 actual experiments from every major area of psychology. She provides them with real-world information about how science in psychology is conducted and how they can participate. Recognizing that students come to an experimental design course with their own interests and perspectives, MacLin covers many subdisciplines of psychology throughout the text, including IO psychology, child psychology, social psychology, behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology, clinical psychology, health psychology, educational/school psychology, legal psychology, and personality psychology, among others. Part I of the text is content oriented and provides an overview of the principles of experimental design. Part II contains annotated research articles for students to read and analyze. New sections on how to critically evaluate media reports of scientific findings (in other words, how to identify ‘fake news’), authorship guidelines and decisions, survey research methods and AI tools have been included. Further, expanded information on the Open Science movement, and on ethics in research, and methods to achieve clarity and precision in thinking and writing are included. This edition is up to date with the latest APA Publication Manual (7th edition) and includes an overview of the bias-free language guidelines, the use of singular "they," and an ethical compliance checklist.. This text is essential reading for students and researchers interested in and studying experimental design in psychology.

Experimental Design in Psychology: A Case Approach

This text is about doing science and the active process of reading, learning, thinking, generating ideas, designing experiments, and the logistics surrounding each step of the research process. In easy-to-read, conversational language, Kim MacLin teaches students experimental design principles and techniques using a tutorial approach in which students read, critique, and analyze over 75 actual experiments from every major area of psychology. She provides them with real-world information about how science in psychology is conducted and how they can participate.Recognizing that students come to an experimental design course with their own interests and perspectives, MacLin covers many subdisciplines of psychology throughout the text, including IO psychology, child psychology, social psychology, behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology, clinical psychology, health psychology, educational/school psychology, legal psychology, and personality psychology, among others. Part I of the text is content oriented and provides an overview of the principles of experimental design. Part II contains annotated research articles for students to read and analyze.New sections on how to critically evaluate media reports of scientific findings (in other words, how to identify ‘fake news’), authorship guidelines and decisions, survey research methods and AI tools have been included. Further, expanded information on the Open Science movement, and on ethics in research, and methods to achieve clarity and precision in thinking and writing are included.This edition is up to date with the latest APA Publication Manual (7th edition) and includes an overview of the bias-free language guidelines, the use of singular "they," and an ethical compliance checklist.. This text is essential reading for students and researchers interested in and studying experimental design in psychology.

Experimental Designs (The SAGE Quantitative Research Kit)

The fourth book in The SAGE Quantitative Research Kit, this resource covers the basics of designing and conducting basic experiments, outlining the various types of experimental designs available to researchers, while providing step-by-step guidance on how to conduct your own experiment. As well as an in-depth discussion of Random Controlled Trials (RCTs), this text highlights effective alternatives to this method and includes practical steps on how to successfully adopt them. Topics include: · The advantages of randomisation · How to avoid common design pitfalls that reduce the validity of experiments · How to maintain controlled settings and pilot tests · How to conduct quasi-experiments when RCTs are not an option Practical and succintly written, this book will give you the know-how and confidence needed to succeed on your quantitative research journey.

Experimental Designs (The SAGE Quantitative Research Kit)

The fourth book in The SAGE Quantitative Research Kit, this resource covers the basics of designing and conducting basic experiments, outlining the various types of experimental designs available to researchers, while providing step-by-step guidance on how to conduct your own experiment. As well as an in-depth discussion of Random Controlled Trials (RCTs), this text highlights effective alternatives to this method and includes practical steps on how to successfully adopt them. Topics include: · The advantages of randomisation · How to avoid common design pitfalls that reduce the validity of experiments · How to maintain controlled settings and pilot tests · How to conduct quasi-experiments when RCTs are not an option Practical and succintly written, this book will give you the know-how and confidence needed to succeed on your quantitative research journey.

Experimental Economics: Economic Decisions

Experimental Economics: Method and Applications

Over the past two decades, experimental economics has moved from a fringe activity to become a standard tool for empirical research. With experimental economics now regarded as part of the basic tool-kit for applied economics, this book demonstrates how controlled experiments can be a useful in providing evidence relevant to economic research. Professors Jacquemet and L'Haridon take the standard model in applied econometrics as a basis to the methodology of controlled experiments. Methodological discussions are illustrated with standard experimental results. This book provides future experimental practitioners with the means to construct experiments that fit their research question, and new comers with an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of controlled experiments. Graduate students and academic researchers working in the field of experimental economics will be able to learn how to undertake, understand and criticise empirical research based on lab experiments, and refer to specific experiments, results or designs completed with case study applications.

Experimental Econophysics

Experimental Econophysics describes the method of controlled human experiments, which is developed by physicists to study some problems in economics or finance, namely, stylized facts, fluctuation phenomena, herd behavior, contrarian behavior, hedge behavior, cooperation, business cycles, partial information, risk management, and stock prediction. Experimental econophysics together with empirical econophysics are two branches of the field of econophysics. The latter one has been extensively discussed in the existing books, while the former one has been seldom touched. In this book, the author will focus on the branch of experimental econophysics. Empirical econophysics is based on the analysis of data in real markets by using some statistical tools borrowed from traditional statistical physics. Differently, inspired by the role of controlled experiments and system modelling (for computer simulations and/or analytical theory) in developing modern physics, experimental econophysics specially relies on controlled human experiments in the laboratory (producing data for analysis) together with agent-based modelling (for computer simulations and/or analytical theory), with an aim at revealing the general cause-effect relationship between specific parameters and emergent properties of real economic/financial markets. This book covers the basic concepts, experimental methods, modelling approaches, and latest progress in the field of experimental econophysics.

Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction: 15th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2024, Grenoble, France, September 9–12, 2024, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14959)

The two volume set LNCS 14958 + 14959 constitutes the proceedings of the 15th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2024, held in Grenoble, France, during September 9–12, 2024. The proceedings contain 11 conference papers; 6 best of CLEF 2023 Labs' papers, and 14 Lab overview papers accepted from 45 submissions. In addition an overview paper on the CLEF activities in the last 25 years is included. The CLEF conference and labs of the evaluation forum deal with topics in information access from different perspectives, in any modality and language, focusing on experimental information retrieval (IR).

Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction: 15th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2024, Grenoble, France, September 9–12, 2024, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14958)

The two volume set LNCS 14958 + 14959 constitutes the proceedings of the 15th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2024, held in Grenoble, France, during September 9–12, 2024. The proceedings contain 11 conference papers; 6 best of CLEF 2023 Labs' papers, and 14 Lab overview papers accepted from 45 submissions. In addition an overview paper on the CLEF activities in the last 25 years is included. The CLEF conference and labs of the evaluation forum deal with topics in information access from different perspectives, in any modality and language, focusing on experimental information retrieval (IR).

Experimental Mathematics in Action

With the continued advance of computing power and accessibility, the view that "real mathematicians don't compute" no longer has any traction for a newer generation of mathematicians. The goal in this book is to present a coherent variety of accessible examples of modern mathematics where intelligent computing plays a significant role and in so doi

Experimental Mathematics with Maple (Chapman Hall/CRC Mathematics Series)

As discrete mathematics rapidly becomes a required element of undergraduate mathematics programs, algebraic software systems replace compiled languages and are now most often the computational tool of choice. Newcomers to university level mathematics, therefore, must not only grasp the fundamentals of discrete mathematics, they must also learn to use an algebraic manipulator and develop skills in abstract reasoning.Experimental Mathematics with MAPLE uniquely responds to these needs. Following an emerging trend in research, it places abstraction and axiomatization at the end of a learning process that begins with computer experimentation. It introduces the foundations of discrete mathematics and, assuming no previous knowledge of computing, gradually develops basic computational skills using the latest version of the powerful MAPLE® software. The author's approach is to expose readers to a large number of concrete computational examples and encourage them to isolate the general from the particular, to synthesize computational results, formulate conjectures, and attempt rigorous proofs. Using this approach, Experimental Mathematics with MAPLE enables readers to build a foundation in discrete mathematics, gain valuable experience with algebraic computing, and develop a familiarity with basic abstract concepts, notation, and jargon. Its engaging style, numerous exercises and examples, and Internet posting of selected solutions and MAPLE worksheets make this text ideal for use both in the classroom and for self-study.

Experimental Methods in Survey Research: Techniques that Combine Random Sampling with Random Assignment (Wiley Series in Survey Methodology)

A thorough and comprehensive guide to the theoretical, practical, and methodological approaches used in survey experiments across disciplines such as political science, health sciences, sociology, economics, psychology, and marketing This book explores and explains the broad range of experimental designs embedded in surveys that use both probability and non-probability samples. It approaches the usage of survey-based experiments with a Total Survey Error (TSE) perspective, which provides insight on the strengths and weaknesses of the techniques used. Experimental Methods in Survey Research: Techniques that Combine Random Sampling with Random Assignment addresses experiments on within-unit coverage, reducing nonresponse, question and questionnaire design, minimizing interview measurement bias, using adaptive design, trend data, vignettes, the analysis of data from survey experiments, and other topics, across social, behavioral, and marketing science domains. Each chapter begins with a description of the experimental method or application and its importance, followed by reference to relevant literature. At least one detailed original experimental case study then follows to illustrate the experimental method’s deployment, implementation, and analysis from a TSE perspective. The chapters conclude with theoretical and practical implications on the usage of the experimental method addressed. In summary, this book: Fills a gap in the current literature by successfully combining the subjects of survey methodology and experimental methodology in an effort to maximize both internal validity and external validity Offers a wide range of types of experimentation in survey research with in-depth attention to their various methodologies and applications Is edited by internationally recognized experts in the field of survey research/methodology and in the usage of survey-based experimentation —featuring contributions from across a variety of disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences Presents advances in the field of survey experiments, as well as relevant references in each chapter for further study Includes more than 20 types of original experiments carried out within probability sample surveys Addresses myriad practical and operational aspects for designing, implementing, and analyzing survey-based experiments by using a Total Survey Error perspective to address the strengths and weaknesses of each experimental technique and method Experimental Methods in Survey Research: Techniques that Combine Random Sampling with Random Assignment is an ideal reference for survey researchers and practitioners in areas such political science, health sciences, sociology, economics, psychology, public policy, data collection, data science, and marketing. It is also a very useful textbook for graduate-level courses on survey experiments and survey methodology. Paul J. Lavrakas, PhD, is Senior Fellow at the NORC at the University of Chicago, Adjunct Professor at University of Illinois-Chicago, Senior Methodologist at the Social Research Centre of Australian National University and at the Office for Survey Research at Michigan State University. Michael W. Traugott, PhD, is Research Professor in the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan.

Experimental Physics Compact for Scientists: Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Electrodynamics, Optics & Quantum Physics

This book compactly provides the fundamentals of experimental physics for students of the natural sciences who are taking physics as a minor or major subject. Interspersed throughout the main text are numerous exercises with pre-calculated solutions, and the most important formulas are listed again at the end of each chapter. This book enables readers to gain an overview of the individual areas and is thus ideally suited to accompany lectures during studies as well as for exam preparation.The textbook originated from a lecture on "Experimental Physics for Natural Scientists" at the University of Tübingen and is intended for all students in subjects such as biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, chemistry, computer science, mathematics, pharmacy, geoecology, and earth sciences.The first part of the book deals with Newtonian mechanics including continuum mechanics and oscillations and waves. The second part deals with the basic concepts of thermodynamics with emphasis on the statistical explanations. The third part covers electromagnetic phenomena, especially electrostatics and magnetostatics, electrodynamics, and an introduction to electronic components and circuits. Optics with its subfields, ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics, is presented in the fourth part. In the fifth and last part of the book, the reader is given an overview of the basic principles of quantum mechanics, including atomic and nuclear physics. For this second edition, the content has been improved and supplemented in many places, including a new section on heat transport and phase transitions, as well as an outlook into alternative interpretations of quantum mechanics.

Experimental Statistics (Dover Books on Mathematics)

Formulated to assist scientists and engineers engaged in army ordnance research and development programs, this well-known and highly regarded handbook is a ready reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as for professionals seeking engineering information and quantitative data for designing, developing, constructing, and testing equipment. Topics include characterizing and comparing the measured performance of a material, product, or process; general considerations in planning experiments; statistical techniques for analyzing extreme-value data; use of transformations; and many other practical methods. 1966 edition. Index. 52 figures. 76 tables.

Experimental Statistics and Data Analysis for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineers (Advances in Applied Mathematics)

This book develops foundational concepts in probability and statistics with primary applications in mechanical and aerospace engineering. It develops the mindset a data analyst must have to interpret an ill-defined problem, operationalize it, collect or interpret data, and use this evidence to make decisions that can improve the quality of engineered products and systems. It was designed utilizing the latest research in statistics learning and in engagement teaching practices The author’s focus is on developing students’ conceptual understanding of statistical theory with the goal of effective design and conduct of experiments. Engineering statistics is primarily a form of data modeling. Emphasis is placed on modelling variation in observations, characterizing its distribution, and making inferences with regards to quality assurance and control. Fitting multivariate models, experimental design and hypothesis testing are all critical skills developed. All topics are developed utilizing real data from engineering projects, simulations, and laboratory experiences. In other words, we begin with data, we end with models. The key features are: Realistic contexts situating the learning of the statistics in actual engineering practice. A balance of rigorous mathematics, conceptual scaffolding, and real, messy data, to ensure that students learn the important concepts and can apply them in practice. The consistency of text, lecture notes, data sets, and simulations yield a coherent set of instructional resources for the instructor and a coherent set of learning experiences for the students. MatLab is used as a computational tool. Other tools are easily substituted. Table of Contents 1. Introduction2. Dealing with Variation3. Types of Data4. Introduction to Probability5. Sampling Distribution of the Mean6. The Ten Building Blocks of Experimental Design7. Sampling Distribution of the Proportion8. Hypothesis Testing Using the 1-sample Statistics9. 2-sample Statistics10. Simple Linear Regression11. The General Linear Model: Regression with Multiple Predictors12. The GLM with Categorical Independent Variables: The Analysis of Variance13. The General Linear Model: Randomized Block Factorial ANOVA14. Factorial Analysis of Variance15. The Bootstrap16. Data Reduction: Principal Components AnalysisIndex Author Biography James A. Middleton is Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and former Director of the Center for Research on Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology at Arizona State University. Previously, he held the Elmhurst Energy Chair in STEM education at the University of Birmingham in the UK. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He has been Senior co-Chair of the Special Interest Group for Mathematics Education in the American Educational Research Association, and as Chair of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics’ Research Committee. He has been a consultant for the College Board, the Rand Corporation, the National Academies, the American Statistical Association, the IEEE, and numerous school systems around the United States, the UK, and Australia. He has garnered over $30 million in grants to study and improve mathematics education in urban schools.

Experimental Techniques in Modern High-Energy Physics: A Beginner‘s Guide (Lecture Notes in Physics #1001)

This open access book offers a concise overview of how data from large scale experiments are analyzed and how technological tools are used in practice, as in the search for new elementary particles. It focuses on interconnects between physics and detector technology in experimental particle physics, and includes descriptions of mathematical approaches. Readers find all the important steps in analysis, including reconstruction of the momentum and energy of particles from detector information, particle identification, and also the general concept of simulating particle production from collisions and detector responses. As the scale of scientific experiments becomes larger and data-intensive science emerges, the techniques used in the data analysis become ever more complicated, making it difficult for beginners to grasp the overall picture. The book provides an explanation of the idea and concepts behind the methods, helping readers understand journal articles on high energy physics. This book is engaging as it does not overemphasize mathematical formalism and it gives a lively example of how such methods have been applied to the Higgs particle discovery in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments, which led to Englert and Higgs being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2013.Graduate students and young researchers can easily obtain the required knowledge on how to start data analyses from these notes, without having to spend time in consulting many experts or digesting huge amounts of literature.

Experimentalphysik 1: Mechanik und Wärme (Springer-Lehrbuch)

Das vorliegende Lehrbuch zur Mechanik und Wärmelehre richtet sich an Studierende der Physik im ersten Semester. Die Vorlesungsinhalte werden hier anschaulich, übersichtlich und leicht verständlich in zwölf Kapiteln dargestellt: Das Buch beginnt mit der Mechanik des Massenpunktes, Bezugssystemen und spezielle Relativitätstheorie. Es werden Systeme von Massenpunkten und die Dynamik starrer ausgedehnter Körper behandelt. Anschließend wird das Verhalten von festen und flüssigen realen Körpern und Gasen diskutiert. Strömende Flüssigkeiten und Gase, Auftrieb und die Physik des Fliegens werden im nächsten Kapitel besprochen. Nach der Vakuum-Physik wird die Wärmelehre eingeführt. Das Buch endet mit mechanischen Schwingungen und Wellen, nichtlinearer Dynamik und Chaos. Für das Verständnis notwendige Teilaspekte der Mathematik werden im Anhang aufgeführt. Ganz im Stil der bekannten Reihe zur Experimentalphysik von Professor Demtröder wird auch die Mechanik und Wärmelehre möglichst quantitativ präsentiert. Wichtige Formeln und Merksätze sind hervorgehoben und der Lernstoff direkt anhand von Beispielen verständlich gemacht. Über 160 Übungsaufgaben werden ausführlich gelöst und Zusammenfassungen unterstützen Studierende beim strukturierten Lernen. In der neunten Auflage des beliebten Lehrbuches erwartet Leserinnen und Leser jetzt zusätzlich: o Wichtige und grundlegende Aufgaben werden in Videos klar und verständlich besprochen und ausführlich an der Tafel gelöst. o Kurze Fragen am Anfang der Kapitel stimmen auf das jeweilige Themengebiet ein und machen neugierig, beispielsweise: Woher wissen wir, dass die Lichtgeschwindigkeit konstant und unabhängig von der Bewegung des Beobachters ist? Was ist ein Trägheitsmoment eines Körpers und wie unterscheidet es sich von der Masse des Körpers? Wovon hängt es ab, ob Materie fest, flüssig oder gasförmig ist? Wie kommt eine Seifenblase zustande? o Ein neues Layout präsentiert den Inhalt noch übersichtlicher. o Ausgesuchte Abbildungen stehen als Vorlesungsfolien für Dozentinnen und Dozenten zur Verfügung. Der Autor Wolfgang Demtröder studierte an den -Universitäten in Münster, Tübingen und Bonn die Fächer Physik, Mathematik und Musikwissenschaft. Dort promovierte er bei dem späteren Nobelpreisträger Prof. Wolfgang Paul. Er arbeitete an der Universität Freiburg als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter, wo er auch habilitiert wurde und forschte als Visiting Fellow am Joint Institute for Astrophysics in Boulder, Colorado und erhielt 1970 einen Ruf als ordentlicher Professor an die Universität Kaiserslautern. Er forschte unter anderem auf dem Gebiet der hochauflösenden Laserspektroskopie kleiner Moleküle. Bekannt ist der Autor vor allem für sein Standardwerk über Laserspektroskopie und seine beliebte und bekannte Lehrbuchreihe Experimentalphysik I-IV.

Experimentation in Mathematics: Computational Paths to Discovery

New mathematical insights and rigorous results are often gained through extensive experimentation using numerical examples or graphical images and analyzing them. Today computer experiments are an integral part of doing mathematics. This allows for a more systematic approach to conducting and replicating experiments. The authors address the role of

Experimentation Methodology for Engineers (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)

This book delivers a methodological approach on the experimentation and/or simulation processes from the disclaiming hypothesis on a physical phenomenon to the validation of the results. The main benefit of the book is that it discusses all the topics related to experimentation and validation of the outcome including state-of-the-art applications and presents important theoretical, mathematical and experimental developments, providing a self-contained major reference that is appealing to both the scientists and the engineers. At the same time, these topics are encountered in a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines. As a first step, it presents the theoretical and practical implications on the formation of a hypothesis, considering the existing knowledge collection, classification and validation of the particular areas of experimenting interest. Afterwards, the transition from the knowledge classes to the experimentation parameters according to the phenomena evolution contributors and the systemic properties of the descriptors are discussed. The major experimenting requirements focus on the conditions to satisfy a potential disclaim of the initial hypothesis as conditions. Furthermore, the experimentation outcome, as derived via the previous experimentation process set-up, would be validate for the similarities among the existing knowledge and derived new one. The whole methodology offers a powerful tool towards the minimization of research effort wastes, as far as it can identify the lacks of knowledge, thus the areas of interest where the current research has to work on. The special features of this book are (a) the use of state-of-the-art techniques for the classification of knowledge, (b) the consideration of a realistic systemic world of engineering approached phenomena, (c) the application of advanced mathematical techniques for identifying, describing and testing the similarities in the research results and conclusions, and (d) the experimental investigation of relevant phenomena.