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Estimating Characteristics of the Foreign-Born by Legal Status
by Dean H. Judson David A. SwansonThis brief represents a comprehensive review of methods for estimating characteristics of the foreign-born population in the United States, specifically oriented toward characteristics by legal status. A variety of methods have been proffered over the past many decades, in a large variety of venues; this work brings them together, attempts to impart some order on the definition of "legal status," and describes strengths and deficiencies both in methods and in data. The authors have a combined 50 years of experience in both demographic and statistical methodology.
Estimating Functional Connectivity and Topology in Large-Scale Neuronal Assemblies: Statistical and Computational Methods (Springer Theses)
by Vito Paolo PastoreThis book describes a set of novel statistical algorithms designed to infer functional connectivity of large-scale neural assemblies. The algorithms are developed with the aim of maximizing computational accuracy and efficiency, while faithfully reconstructing both the inhibitory and excitatory functional links. The book reports on statistical methods to compute the most significant functional connectivity graph, and shows how to use graph theory to extract the topological features of the computed network. A particular feature is that the methods used and extended at the purpose of this work are reported in a fairly completed, yet concise manner, together with the necessary mathematical fundamentals and explanations to understand their application. Furthermore, all these methods have been embedded in the user-friendly open source software named SpiCoDyn, which is also introduced here. All in all, this book provides researchers and graduate students in bioengineering, neurophysiology and computer science, with a set of simplified and reduced models for studying functional connectivity in in silico biological neuronal networks, thus overcoming the complexity of brain circuits.
Estimating Impact
by Alexander Kott Gary CitrenbaumVirtually all human endeavors can be analyzed and modeled and understood through computer-aided study, and that is very much at the core of operations research, game theory, and decision science. Understanding the potential impact of any action is critical to the success of that action, and in ESTIMATING IMPACT Alexander Kott and Gary Citrenbaum, with a stellar group of contributors, demonstrate how military or humanitarian interventions (or the decision not to intervene) can be rigorously analyzed beforehand and their likely impacts and ramifications predicted at levels appropriate to their scope. A wide range of modeling programs are available that support plan assessment and impact forecast, and they allow accurate prediction within an interdependent set of political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure systems, and experts involved in the use and development of these tools demonstrate how, when, and why they should be used.
Estimating Presence and Abundance of Closed Populations (Statistics for Biology and Health)
by Matthew R. Schofield George A. SeberThis comprehensive book covers a wide variety of methods for estimating the sizes and related parameters of closed populations. With the effect of climate change, and human territory invasion, we have seen huge species losses and a major biodiversity decline. Populations include plants, trees, various land and sea animals, and some human populations. With such a diversity of populations, an extensive variety of different methods are described with the collection of different types of data. For example, we have count data from plot sampling, which can also allow for incomplete detection. There is a large chapter on occupancy methods where a major interest is determining whether a particular species is present or not. Citizen and opportunistic survey data can also be incorporated. A related topic is species methods, where species richness and species' interactions are of interest. A variety of distance methods are discussed. One can use distances from points and lines, as well as nearest neighbor distances. The applications are extensive, and include marine, acoustic, and aerial surveys, using multiple observers or detection devices. Line intercept measurements have a role to play such as, for example, estimating parameters relating to plant coverage. An increasingly important class of removal methods considers successive “removals" from a population, with physical removal or "removal" by capture-recapture of marked individuals. With the change-in-ratio method, removals are taken from two or more classes, e.g., males and females. Effort data used for removals can also be used. A very important method for estimating abundance is the use of capture-recapture data collected discretely or continuously and can be analysed using both frequency and Bayesian methods. Computational aspects of fitting Bayesian models are described. A related topic of growing interest is the use of spatial and camera methods. With the plethora of models there has been a corresponding development of various computational methods and packages, which are often mentioned throughout. Covariate data is being used more frequently, which can reduce the number of unknown parameters by using logistic and loglinear models. An important computational aspect is that of model selection methods. The book provides a useful list of over 1400 references.
Estimation and Control Problems for Stochastic Partial Differential Equations
by Pavel S. Knopov Olena N. DeriyevaFocusing on research surrounding aspects of insufficiently studied problems of estimation and optimal control of random fields, this book exposes some important aspects of those fields for systems modeled by stochastic partial differential equations. It contains many results of interest to specialists in both the theory of random fields and optimal control theory who use modern mathematical tools for resolving specific applied problems, and presents research that has not previously been covered. More generally, this book is intended for scientists, graduate, and post-graduates specializing in probability theory and mathematical statistics. The models presented describe many processes in turbulence theory, fluid mechanics, hydrology, astronomy, and meteorology, and are widely used in pattern recognition theory and parameter identification of stochastic systems. Therefore, this book may also be useful to applied mathematicians who use probability and statistical methods in the selection of useful signals subject to noise, hypothesis distinguishing, distributed parameter systems optimal control, and more. Material presented in this monograph can be used for education courses on the estimation and control theory of random fields.
Estimation and Control of Dynamical Systems (Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics #48)
by Alain BensoussanThis book provides a comprehensive presentation of classical and advanced topics in estimation and control of dynamical systems with an emphasis on stochastic control. Many aspects which are not easily found in a single text are provided, such as connections between control theory and mathematical finance, as well as differential games.The book is self-contained and prioritizes concepts rather than full rigor, targeting scientists who want to use control theory in their research in applied mathematics, engineering, economics, and management science. Examples and exercises are included throughout, which will be useful for PhD courses and graduate courses in general.Dr. Alain Bensoussan is Lars Magnus Ericsson Chair at UT Dallas and Director of the International Center for Decision and Risk Analysis which develops risk management research as it pertains to large-investment industrial projects that involve new technologies, applications and markets. He is also Chair Professor at City University Hong Kong.
Estimation and Inference in Discrete Event Systems: A Model-Based Approach with Finite Automata (Communications and Control Engineering)
by Christoforos N. HadjicostisEstimation and Inference in Discrete Event Systems chooses a popular model for emerging automation systems—finite automata under partial observation—and focuses on a comprehensive study of the key problems of state estimation and event inference. The text includes treatment of current, delayed, and initial state estimation. Related applications for assessing and enforcing resiliency—fault detection and diagnosis—and security—privacy and opacity—properties are discussed, enabling the reader to apply these techniques in a variety of emerging applications, among them automated manufacturing processes, intelligent vehicle/highway systems, and autonomous vehicles. The book provides a systematic development of recursive algorithms for state estimation and event inference. The author also deals with the verification of pertinent properties such as:the ability to determine the exact state of a system, “detectability”;the ability to ensure that certain classes of faults can be detected/identified, “diagnosability”; andthe ability to ensure that certain internal state variables of the system remain “hidden” from the outside world regardless of the type of activity that is taking place, “opacity”. This book allows students, researchers and practicing engineers alike to grasp basic aspects of state estimation in discrete event systems, aspects like distributivity and probabilistic inference, quickly and without having to master the entire breadth of models that are available in the literature.
Estimation and Inferential Statistics
by Pradip Kumar Sahu Santi Ranjan Pal Ajit Kumar DasThis book focuses on the meaning of statistical inference and estimation. Statistical inference is concerned with the problems of estimation of population parameters and testing hypotheses. Primarily aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students of statistics, the book is also useful to professionals and researchers in statistical, medical, social and other disciplines. It discusses current methodological techniques used in statistics and related interdisciplinary areas. Every concept is supported with relevant research examples to help readers to find the most suitable application. Statistical tools have been presented by using real-life examples, removing the "fear factor" usually associated with this complex subject. The book will help readers to discover diverse perspectives of statistical theory followed by relevant worked-out examples. Keeping in mind the needs of readers, as well as constantly changing scenarios, the material is presented in an easy-to-understand form.
Estimation and Testing Under Sparsity
by Sara van de GeerTaking the Lasso method as its starting point, this book describes the main ingredients needed to study general loss functions and sparsity-inducing regularizers. It also provides a semi-parametric approach to establishing confidence intervals and tests. Sparsity-inducing methods have proven to be very useful in the analysis of high-dimensional data. Examples include the Lasso and group Lasso methods, and the least squares method with other norm-penalties, such as the nuclear norm. The illustrations provided include generalized linear models, density estimation, matrix completion and sparse principal components. Each chapter ends with a problem section. The book can be used as a textbook for a graduate or PhD course.
Estimation of Stochastic Processes with Stationary Increments and Cointegrated Sequences
by Maksym Luz Mikhail MoklyachukEstimation of Stochastic Processes is intended for researchers in the field of econometrics, financial mathematics, statistics or signal processing. This book gives a deep understanding of spectral theory and estimation techniques for stochastic processes with stationary increments. It focuses on the estimation of functionals of unobserved values for stochastic processes with stationary increments, including ARIMA processes, seasonal time series and a class of cointegrated sequences. Furthermore, this book presents solutions to extrapolation (forecast), interpolation (missed values estimation) and filtering (smoothing) problems based on observations with and without noise, in discrete and continuous time domains. Extending the classical approach applied when the spectral densities of the processes are known, the minimax method of estimation is developed for a case where the spectral information is incomplete and the relations that determine the least favorable spectral densities for the optimal estimations are found.
Estimator’s Pocket Book (Routledge Pocket Books)
by Duncan CartlidgeThe Estimator’s Pocket Book, Third Edition is a concise and practical reference covering the main approaches to pricing, as well as useful information such as how to process sub-contractor quotations, tender settlement and adjudication. It is fully up to date with the New Rules of Measurement (NRM2) (2nd Edition) throughout and based on up-to-date wage rates, legislative changes and guidance notes.The book includes instructions on how to carry out:· an NRM order of cost estimate,· unit-rate pricing for a range different trades,· pro rata pricing for variations, and· the preparation and pricing of builders’ quantities and approximate quantities.This book is an essential source of reference for quantity surveyors, cost managers, project managers and anybody else with estimating responsibilities.
Et al: Because not all research deserves a Nobel Prize
by B McGrawEt al. is a satirical academic journal that uses machine learning and scientific principles on absurd studies, from the cat Lord Whiskers' role in the extinction of the dodo bird to the quantum mysteries of untidy toddler rooms.Key FeaturesConducts satirical research on topics ranging from quantum computing to clingy robot dog algorithmsAnswers questions like “Can a computer understand a Scotsman?” and “Is Sarah Palin real?”Secures the power grid and your home from the prying eyes of government drones a.k.a. birdsExpands science by studying cow-based atmospheres, and the flavortown center of the brainSolves climate change and saves the world by proposing a banana-based fission reactorNullifies the possibility of getting lost at the fair with a mirror-house escape algorithmBook DescriptionTired of the same old math, science, statistics, and programming memes people post online and want something a little more elaborate? This is the book for you. Tremble as we make up all our own facts and data, hand-draw diagrams in MS Paint, and quote from fictional studies and journals. Cower as authors write in the first person because their study is just a little too personal for them. Recoil from the sheer mass of oversimplified methodology, distilling someone's entire thesis into a paragraph of jokes crude enough to make it into a Mike Myers movie. Over the last few years, we have taken arguments that you would normally have after four Jack and cokes at game night and turned them into properly formatted research papers with a writing tone serious enough to confuse the uninitiated. These papers are high-effort jokes by researchers and scientists for researchers and scientists. They cover a range of topics such as the consequences of re-releasing tourists back into Yellowstone National Park after COVID-19, how to play StarCraft competitively online on a quantum computer, and most importantly, how trees around the globe are becoming increasingly radicalized.What you will learnHow to draw a graph using MS Paint, maybeWhether Sarah Palin is a figment of your imaginationHow one pirate cat brought about the extinction of the beloved dodoWhy rabbits used to be jerks back in the dayIf you actually learn anything from these articles, get your memory erased immediatelyWho this book is forThis book is for researchers and those who love science mingled with humor. It's for those who are a little too tired of the talking heads and futurists of the science world and would like something more entertaining in the form of absurd speculative studies by researchers as unbelievable as their work. Anyone who has experienced academic writing, or the tribulations of any research institution will enjoy the wide range of bizarre, yet real-world topics compiled in this book. Even if you don't know much about the subject, we usually have a background section.
Ethical IT Innovation: A Value-Based System Design Approach
by Sarah SpiekermannExplaining how ubiquitous computing is rapidly changing our private and professional lives, Ethical IT Innovation: A Value-Based System Design Approach stands at the intersection of computer science, philosophy, and management and integrates theories and frameworks from all three domains.The book explores the latest thinking on computer ethics, inc
Ethics and Fairness in Medical Imaging: Second International Workshop on Fairness of AI in Medical Imaging, FAIMI 2024, and Third International Workshop on Ethical and Philosophical Issues in Medical Imaging, EPIMI 2024, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2024, Marrakesh, Morocco, October 6–10, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15198)
by Aasa Feragen Ben Glocker Veronika Cheplygina Enzo Ferrante Islem Rekik Ghada Zamzmi John S. H. Baxter Roy Eagleson Esther Puyol-Antón Andrew P. King Melanie Ganz-Benjaminsen Eike PetersenThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop, FAIMI 2024, and the Third International Workshop, EPIMI 2024, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2024, Marrakesh, Morocco, in October 2024. The 17 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. FAIMI aimed to raise awareness about potential fairness issues in machine learning within the context of biomedical image analysis. The instance of EPIMI concentrates on topics surrounding open science, taking a critical lens on the subject.
Ethics and Mathematics Education: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (Advances in Mathematics Education)
by Paul ErnestThis edited volume is an inquiry into the ethics of mathematics education, and to a lesser extent, the ethics of mathematics. The imposition of mathematics for all raises questions of ethics. What are the ethics of teaching school mathematics? What are the costs as well as the benefits? What are the ethical issues raised by the official aims of mathematics teaching, the planned curriculum, the pedagogies employed in school and college mathematics and the assessment systems? These questions are addressed in the book as well as what systems of ethics we might use. The volume ventures into a burgeoning new field. It offers a unique set of investigations, both theoretical and in terms of practices. It announces the ethics of mathematics education as a new subfield of research and includes valuable contributions from many of the best-known researchers in mathematics education; additionally, it is a valuable resource for students, teachers and researchers in the field. This is an enduring and classic source book in the field. From the wisdom of leading scholars to the little heard voices of students, this collection offers the reader many striking new insights into the ethics of mathematics and education.
Ethics for People Who Work in Tech
by Marc SteenThis book is for people who work in the tech industry—computer and data scientists, software developers and engineers, designers, and people in business, marketing or management roles. It is also for people who are involved in the procurement and deployment of advanced applications, algorithms, and AI systems, and in policy making. Together, they create the digital products, services, and systems that shape our societies and daily lives. The book’s aim is to empower people to take responsibility, to ‘upgrade’ their skills for ethical reflection, inquiry, and deliberation. It introduces ethics in an accessible manner with practical examples, outlines of different ethical traditions, and practice-oriented methods. Additional online resources are available at: ethicsforpeoplewhoworkintech.com.
Ethics in Accounting: A Decision-Making Approach
by Gordon KleinThis book provides a comprehensive, authoritative, and thought-provoking examination of the ethical issues encountered by accountants working in the industry, public practice, nonprofit service, and government. Gordon Klein’s, Ethics in Accounting: A Decision-Making Approach, helps students understand all topics commonly prescribed by state Boards of Accountancy regarding ethics literacy. Ethics in Accounting can be utilized in either a one-term or two-term course in Accounting Ethics. <P><P> A contemporary focus immerses readers in real world ethical questions with recent trending topics such as celebrity privacy, basketball point-shaving, auditor inside trading, and online dating. Woven into chapters are tax-related issues that address fraud, cheating, confidentiality, contingent fees and auditor independence. Duties arising in more commonplace roles as internal auditors, external auditors, and tax practitioners are, of course, examined as well
Ethics in Econometrics: A Guide to Research Practice
by Philip Hans FransesApplied econometrics uses the tools of theoretical econometrics and real-word data to develop predictive models and assess economic theories. Due to the complex nature of such analysis, various assumptions are often not understood by those people who rely on it. The danger of this is that economic policies can be assessed favourably to suit a particular political agenda and forecasts can be generated to match the needs of a particular customer. Ethics in Econometrics argues that econometricians need to be aware of potential ethical pitfalls when carrying out their analysis and that they need to be encouraged to avoid them. Using a range of empirical examples and detailed discussions of real cases, this book provides a guide for research practices in econometrics, illustrating why it is imperative that econometricians act ethically in terms of the way they conduct their analysis and treat their data.
Ethnic Enclaves in Contemporary Japan (International Perspectives in Geography #14)
by Yoshitaka IshikawaThis book is the first work to comprehensively investigate the enclaves of non-Japanese residents in Japan. In a comparative study, it convincingly examines eight enclaves of five nationalities (Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Brazilian and Turkish) in twelve municipalities. Japan now leads in terms of depopulation in countries affiliated with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The fact that the country has been supplementing the decreased number of Japanese nationals with an increase in migrants, who form enclaves, has attracted great attention. The temporal development and status quo of such enclaves are important concerns of researchers, policymakers and the general public. This publication is the result of joint studies by geographers and sociologists and contributes to a more detailed understanding of these topics. It thus represents a valuable achievement in the study of the segregation and enclave formation of minority nationalities. The empirical validity of existing explanatory frameworks, such as spatial assimilation and heterolocalism, is also discussed in a Japanese context.
Ethnic Segregation in Cities (Routledge Revivals)
by Susan Smith Vaughan Robinson Ceri PeachFirst published in 1981, Ethnic Segregation in Cities argues that race and ethnicity are fundamental to writing about the city, and that economic patterns adapt themselves to race and ethnicity rather than vice versa. The problem of ethnic segregation is a burning one for both geographers and sociologists – geographers because of the concern for all aspects of urban deprivation, and sociologists because they are discovering that space and spatial processes are important factors in influencing social segregation or assimilation. The book brings together some of the main contributors to the literature on spatial aspects of ethnicity from both sides of the Atlantic. A variety of evidence from New York, Detroit, Bradford and Blackburn address the question of whether choice on the path of ethnic members, or constraints imposed by the host society are determinant factors influencing residential segregation. This book will be of interest to students of sociology, human geography and urban studies.
Ethnicity and Integration
by John Stillwell Maarten Van HamThe theme of this volume is ethnicity and the implications for integration of our increasingly ethnically diversified population, with topics covering demographics and migration of ethnic groups, measures of integration or segregation, health and labour market characteristics, ethnicity and crime and ethnic population projections.
Ethnographic Free-List Data: Management and Analysis With Examples in R (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences)
by Benjamin Grant PurzyckiEthnographic Free-List Data: Management and Analysis With Examples in R details a method that involves research participants listing what they know or think about the researcher’s topic of interest. While researchers typically report these free-list analyses in isolation, this book incorporates them with other analytical methods and demonstrates how ethnographic free-lists can be useful to a broad social science audience. The first half of the book covers descriptive methods, and the second half incorporates insights from the early chapters into a predictive statistical framework. Author Benjamin Grant Purzycki explains how to collect, clean, and manage free-list data and how to use R to calculate and visualize the data.
Ethnographic Free-List Data: Management and Analysis With Examples in R (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences)
by Benjamin Grant PurzyckiEthnographic Free-List Data: Management and Analysis With Examples in R details a method that involves research participants listing what they know or think about the researcher’s topic of interest. While researchers typically report these free-list analyses in isolation, this book incorporates them with other analytical methods and demonstrates how ethnographic free-lists can be useful to a broad social science audience. The first half of the book covers descriptive methods, and the second half incorporates insights from the early chapters into a predictive statistical framework. Author Benjamin Grant Purzycki explains how to collect, clean, and manage free-list data and how to use R to calculate and visualize the data.
Ethnomathematics and Mathematics Education: International Perspectives in Times of Local and Global Change (Advances in Mathematics Education)
by Arindam Bose Cynthia Nicol Gelsa Knijnik Aihui Peng Marcos CherindaThis edited volume examines ethnomathematics conceptions, pedagogical practices, and research from international perspectives in times of local and global challenges. The book explores connections between mathematical, cultural, political, and social practices toward more inclusive, holistic, creative, transdisciplinary and critical ways of engaging with knowledge and mathematical actions in society. In this edited book, the authors explore how ethnomathematics supports transformation of educational systems toward regaining cultural reclamation and self-confidence, challenges colonial logics for decolonizing and Indigenizing mathematics education, and engages with actions for critical and social justice issues.
Ethnomathematics and its Diverse Approaches for Mathematics Education
by Milton Rosa Lawrence Shirley Wilfredo V. Alangui Maria Elena GavarreteThis book addresses numerous issues related to ethnomathematics and diverse approaches to it in the context of mathematics education. To help readers better understand the development of ethnomathematics, it discusses its objectives and assumptions with regard to promoting an ethics of respect, solidarity, and cooperation across and for all cultures. In turn, the book addresses a range of aspects including pedagogical action, culturally relevant pedagogy, innovative approaches to ethnomathematics, and the role of ethnomathematics in mathematics education. Ethnomathematics offers educators a valuable framework for transforming mathematics so that it can more actively contribute to realizing the dream of a just and humane society. As such, its primary goal is to forge mathematics into a powerful tool to help people create a society characterized by dignity for all, and in which iniquity, arrogance, violence, and bigotry have no place.