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European Digital Regulations (Intelligent Systems Reference Library #265)
by Markus Mueck Christophe GaieThis book offers a comprehensive exploration of the European Union's dynamic digital landscape with a specific interest on requirements for digital products to access the European Union Single Market. It delves into the latest regulations shaping the future of technology, from AI and cybersecurity to data privacy and digital markets. Currently, the European regulatory framework is indeed under substantial change with new essential requirements to be met, for example, to ensure robustness against an ever-increasing level of cybersecurity attacks. Furthermore, those requirements are likely to be taken up by other regions or will at least influence related debates, thus leading to global relevance. This book offers expert insights into European digital regulations, featuring real-world examples and case studies to help you navigate the regulatory landscape. It also provides a forward-looking perspective on emerging trends and challenges. Its content is essential for policymakers and regulators, business leaders and entrepreneurs, IT professionals and cybersecurity experts, academics and students, and concerned citizens. Whether readers are seeking to understand the implications of the AI Act, to ensure compliance with the GDPR, or to explore the potential of emerging technologies, this book provides the knowledge and tools readers need to succeed in the digital age. Finally, the authors outline how all stakeholders may engage and contribute to the implementation of the related regulations through development of so-called Harmonised Standards in the related European Standardisation Organisations.
European Immigration: A Sourcebook (Research In Migration And Ethnic Relations Ser.)
by Anna Triandafyllidou Ruby GropasFully updated and containing chapters on the new EU member states and the attempt to form a common EU migration policy, this new edition of European Immigration: A Sourcebook provides a comprehensive overview of the trends and developments in migration in all EU countries. With chapters following a common structure to facilitate direct international comparisons, it not only examines the internal affairs of each member state, but also explores both migratory trends within the EU itself and the implications for European immigration of wider global events, including the Arab Spring and the world financial crisis.
European Real Estate: Asset Class Performance and Optimal Portfolio Construction
by Dilek PekdemirThis book provides a thorough overview of the European real estate Market. It evaluates the performance difference between countries and sectors, and what implications this has for optimal investment strategy within real estate asset classes.
Evaluating Climate Change Impacts (Chapman And Hall/crc Applied Environmental Statistics Ser.)
by Vyacheslav Lyubchich, Yulia R. Gel, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Thomas J. Miller, Nathaniel K. Newlands and Adam B. SmithEvaluating Climate Change Impacts discusses assessing and quantifying climate change and its impacts from a multi-faceted perspective of ecosystem, social, and infrastructure resilience, given through a lens of statistics and data science. It provides a multi-disciplinary view on the implications of climate variability and shows how the new data science paradigm can help us to mitigate climate-induced risk and to enhance climate adaptation strategies. This book consists of chapters solicited from leading topical experts and presents their perspectives on climate change effects in two general areas: natural ecosystems and socio-economic impacts. The chapters unveil topics of atmospheric circulation, climate modeling, and long-term prediction; approach the problems of increasing frequency of extreme events, sea level rise, and forest fires, as well as economic losses, analysis of climate impacts for insurance, agriculture, fisheries, and electric and transport infrastructures. The reader will be exposed to the current research using a variety of methods from physical modeling, statistics, and machine learning, including the global circulation models (GCM) and ocean models, statistical generalized additive models (GAM) and generalized linear models (GLM), state space and graphical models, causality networks, Bayesian ensembles, a variety of index methods and statistical tests, and machine learning methods. The reader will learn about data from various sources, including GCM and ocean model outputs, satellite observations, and data collected by different agencies and research units. Many of the chapters provide references to open source software R and Python code that are available for implementing the methods.
Evaluating Measurement Accuracy: A Practical Approach
by Semyon G. Rabinovich"Evaluating Measurement Accuracy, 2nd Edition" is intended for those who are concerned with measurements in any field of science or technology. It reflects the latest developments in metrology and offers new results, but is designed to be accessible to readers at different levels: scientists who advance the field of metrology, engineers and experimental scientists who use measurements as tool in their professions, students and graduate students in natural sciences and engineering, and, in parts describing practical recommendations, technicians performing mass measurements in industry, quality control, and trade. This book presents material from the practical perspective and offers solutions and recommendations for problems that arise in conducting real-life measurements. This new edition adds a method for estimating accuracy of indirect measurements with independent arguments, whose development Dr. Rabinovich was able to complete very recently. This method, which is called the Method of Enumeration, produces estimates that are no longer approximate, similar to the way the method of reduction described in the first edition removed approximation in estimating uncertainty of indirect measurements with dependent arguments. The method of enumeration completes addressing the range of problems whose solutions signify the emergence of the new theory of accuracy of measurements. A new method is added for building a composition of histograms, and this method forms a theoretical basis for the method of enumeration. Additionally, as a companion to this book, a concise practical guide that assembles simple step-by-step procedures for typical tasks the practitioners are likely to encounter in measurement accuracy estimation is available at SpringerLink.
Evaluating Voting Systems with Probability Models: Essays by and in Honor of William Gehrlein and Dominique Lepelley (Studies in Choice and Welfare)
by Mostapha Diss Vincent MerlinThis book includes up-to-date contributions in the broadly defined area of probabilistic analysis of voting rules and decision mechanisms. Featuring papers from all fields of social choice and game theory, it presents probability arguments to allow readers to gain a better understanding of the properties of decision rules and of the functioning of modern democracies. In particular, it focuses on the legacy of William Gehrlein and Dominique Lepelley, two prominent scholars who have made important contributions to this field over the last fifty years. It covers a range of topics, including (but not limited to) computational and technical aspects of probability approaches, evaluation of the likelihood of voting paradoxes, power indices, empirical evaluations of voting rules, models of voters’ behavior, and strategic voting. The book gathers articles written in honor of Gehrlein and Lepelley along with original works written by the two scholars themselves.
Evaluating What Works: An Intuitive Guide to Intervention Research for Practitioners
by Paul Thompson Dorothy V. BishopThose who work in allied health professions and education aim to make people’s lives better. Often, however, it is hard to know how effective this work has been: would change have occurred if there was no intervention? Is it possible we are doing more harm than good? To answer these questions and develop a body of knowledge about what works, we need to evaluate interventions. Objective intervention research is vital to improve outcomes, but this is a complex area, where it is all too easy to misinterpret evidence. This book uses practical examples to increase awareness of the numerous sources of bias that can lead to mistaken conclusions when evaluating interventions. The focus is on quantitative research methods, and exploration of the reasons why those both receiving and implementing intervention behave in the ways they do. Evaluating What Works: Intuitive Guide to Intervention Research for Practitioners illustrates how different research designs can overcome these issues, and points the reader to sources with more in-depth information. This book is intended for those with little or no background in statistics, to give them the confidence to approach statistics in published literature with a more critical eye, recognise when more specialist advice is needed, and give them the ability to communicate more effectively with statisticians. Key Features: Strong focus on quantitative research methods Complements more technical introductions to statistics Provides a good explanation of how quantitative studies are designed, and what biases and pitfalls they can involve.
Evaluation Platform of Sustainability for Global Systems: Statistical Approach to Geospatial Information for Big Data Integration
by Aki-Hiro Sato Hiroe TsubakiThe authors of this book assert that Grid Square statistics, a method of aggregating data within a geographically defined Grid, may be an effective solution to approach geospatial data for big data integration. Grid Square statistics is a technique that allows us to collect and analyze data based on Grids and makes it easier to understand patterns and trends. Sustainability, a key concern for the future of our society, often involves balancing multiple independent objectives. These objectives and key performance indicators must be shared to solve multi-dimensional optimization problems with some constraints related to sustainability issues. However, many of these sustainability issues are challenges that are part of global systems, which are modeled as a complex system consisting of many components. Social, economic, and environmental aspects in our socio-economic systems require solutions designed for the sustainability of our society. These conditions imply that Big Data must contribute to evaluating our current situation, actions, and changes to continuously change our behavior and society based on a Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) cycle. The PDCA cycle, also known as the Deming cycle, is a four-step management method used to improve processes and products continuously. We must understand how to construct a platform by using Big Data to do so. Thus, extracting meaningful information from Big Data is crucially important in the advanced information society. This book provides case studies based on Grid Square statistics. It shows their applications to socio-economic and environmental problems such as tourism, where we analyze visitor patterns to optimize resource allocation, SDGs indicator, where we monitor the sustainability of our socio-economic systems, and disaster management, where we face natural disaster to enhance preparedness. Finally, the book proposes a World Grid Square Statistics Reference Architecture for constructing data applications across organizations and domains and reports on design concepts, system architecture, and the implication of a data platform for World Grid Square data and statistics.
Evaluation in Distance Education and E-Learning
by Valerie Ruhe Bruno ZumboWith the rapid proliferation of distance education and e-learning courses, the need is growing for a comprehensive, professional approach to evaluating their effectiveness. This indispensable book offers a road map to guide evaluation practice in these innovative learning environments. Providing practical, step-by-step guidelines and tools for conducting evaluation studies including how to deal with stakeholders, develop surveys and interview protocols, collect other scientific evidence, and analyze and blend mixed-methods data the work also features a template for writing high-quality reports. The "unfolding model" developed by the authors draws on Messick's influential assessment framework and applies it to program evaluation. Two case studies of actual programs (a distance learning course and an e-learning course) demonstrate the unfolding model in action.
Evaluation of the Achievement Levels for Mathematics and Reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress
by Engineering Medicine National Academies of SciencesSince 1969, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has been providing policymakers, educators, and the public with reports on academic performance and progress of the nation’s students. The assessment is given periodically in a variety of subjects: mathematics, reading, writing, science, the arts, civics, economics, geography, U.S. history, and technology and engineering literacy. NAEP is given to representative samples of students across the U.S. to assess the educational progress of the nation as a whole. Since 1992, NAEP results have been reported in relation to three achievement levels: basic, proficient, and advanced. However, the use of achievement levels has provoked controversy and disagreement, and evaluators have identified numerous concerns. This publication evaluates the NAEP student achievement levels in reading and mathematics in grades 4, 8, and 12 to determine whether the achievement levels are reasonable, reliable, valid, and informative to the public, and recommends ways that the setting and use of achievement levels can be improved.
Evaluierte Lernumgebungen zum Modellieren (Realitätsbezüge Im Mathematikunterricht Ser.)
by Werner Blum Stanislaw SchukajlowDas Buch stellt empirisch gesicherte Erkenntnisse über Lernumgebungen im Bereich Modellieren vor. Dabei wird den Bestrebungen nach mehr Wissenschaftlichkeit einerseits und einer hinreichend ausführlichen Beschreibung der untersuchten Lernumgebungen andererseits Rechnung getragen. Die vorgestellten Ansätze zur Förderung der Modellierungskompetenz sind in die aktuelle Modellierungsdiskussion eingebunden und wurden mit qualitativen oder quantitativen Methoden evaluiert. Der Hauptfokus wird in diesem Band aber auf die Lernumgebungen und zugehörige Unterrichtsmaterialien gelegt. Die Lernumgebungen wurden alle in der Praxis erprobt und stellen in diesem Sinne „Best-Practice“-Beispiele dar, die Anregungen und Ermutigungen für praktizierende und künftige Lehrer und Hochschullehrer geben sollen.