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Extended Abstracts MWCAPDE 2023: Methusalem Workshop on Classical Analysis and Partial Differential Equations (Trends in Mathematics #1)
by Michael Ruzhansky Berikbol TorebekThis collection consists of selected scientific results stemming from the conference "Methusalem Workshop on Classical Analysis and PDEs", held at the Ghent University from 27th February 2023 to 1st March 2023. The workshop was organized by the "Ghent Analysis & PDE Center". The presented materials mainly consist of scientific results on classical analysis and problems of PDEs. In particular, results on harmonic analysis, functional spaces, functional inequalities, inverse problems, non-local PDEs, non-classical problems of PDEs, integro-differential equations, hypoelliptic operators, pseudo-differential calculus, and others are given.
Extended Abstracts Spring 2014
by Montserrat Corbera Josep Maria Cors Jaume Llibre Andrei KorobeinikovThe two parts of the present volume contain extended conference abstracts corresponding to selected talks given by participants at the "Conference on Hamiltonian Systems and Celestial Mechanics 2014" (HAMSYS2014) (15 abstracts) and at the "Workshop on Virus Dynamics and Evolution" (12 abstracts), both held at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) in Barcelona from June 2nd to 6th, 2014, and from June 23th to 27th, 2014, respectively. Most of them are brief articles, containing preliminary presentations of new results not yet published in regular research journals. The articles are the result of a direct collaboration between active researchers in the area after working in a dynamic and productive atmosphere. The first part is about Central Configurations, Periodic Orbits and Hamiltonian Systems with applications to Celestial Mechanics - a very modern and active field of research. The second part is dedicated to mathematical methods applied to viral dynamics and evolution. Mathematical modelling of biological evolution currently attracts the interest of both mathematicians and biologists. This material offers a variety of new exciting problems to mathematicians and reasonably inexpensive mathematical methods to evolutionary biologists. It will be of scientific interest to both communities. The book is intended for established researchers, as well as for PhD and postdoctoral students who want to learn more about the latest advances in these highly active areas of research.
Extended Abstracts Spring 2015
by Dolors Herbera Wolfgang Pitsch Santiago ZarzuelaThis book includes 33 expanded abstracts of selected talks given at the two workshops "Homological Bonds Between Commutative Algebra and Representation Theory" and "Brave New Algebra: Opening Perspectives," and the conference "Opening Perspectives in Algebra, Representations, and Topology," held at the Centre de Recerca Matem#65533;tica (CRM) in Barcelona between January and June 2015. These activities were part of the one-semester intensive research program "Interactions Between Representation Theory, Algebraic Topology and Commutative Algebra (IRTATCA). " Most of the abstracts present preliminary versions of not-yet published results and cover a large number of topics (including commutative and non commutative algebra, algebraic topology, singularity theory, triangulated categories, representation theory) overlapping with homological methods. This comprehensive book is a valuable resource for the community of researchers interested in homological algebra in a broad sense, and those curious to learn the latest developments in the area. It appeals to established researchers as well as PhD and postdoctoral students who want to learn more about the latest advances in these highly active fields of research.
Extended Abstracts Spring 2016
by Alessandro Colombo Mike Jeffrey J. Tomàs Lázaro Josep M. OlmThis volume contains extended abstracts outlining selected talks and other selected presentations given by participants throughout the "Intensive Research Program on Advances in Nonsmooth Dynamics 2016", held at the Centre de Recerca Matem#65533;tica (CRM) in Barcelona from February 1st to April 29th, 2016. They include brief research articles reporting new results, descriptions of preliminary work or open problems, and outlines of prominent discussion sessions. The articles are all the result of direct collaborations initiated during the research program. The topic is the theory and applications of Nonsmooth Dynamics. This includes systems involving elements of: impacting, switching, on/off control, hybrid discrete-continuous dynamics, jumps in physical properties, and many others. Applications include: electronics, climate modeling, life sciences, mechanics, ecology, and more. Numerous new results are reported concerning the dimensionality and robustness of nonsmooth models, shadowing variables, numbers of limit cycles, discontinuity-induced bifurcations and chaos, determinacy-breaking, stability criteria, and the classification of attractors and other singularities. This material offers a variety of new exciting problems to mathematicians, but also a diverse range of new tools and insights for scientists and engineers making use of mathematical modeling and analysis. The book is intended for established researchers, as well as for PhD and postdoctoral students who want to learn more about the latest advances in these highly active areas of research.
Extended Abstracts Spring 2018: Singularly Perturbed Systems, Multiscale Phenomena and Hysteresis: Theory and Applications (Trends in Mathematics #11)
by Andrei Korobeinikov Magdalena Caubergh Tomás Lázaro Josep SardanyésThis volume contains extended abstracts outlining selected presentations delivered by participants of the joint international multidisciplinary workshop MURPHYS-HSFS-2018 (MUltiRate Processes and HYSteresis; Hysteresis and Slow-Fast Systems), dedicated to the mathematical theory and applications of the multiple scale systems, the systems with hysteresis and general trends in the dynamical systems theory. The workshop was jointly organized by the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, and the Collaborative Research Center 910, Berlin, and held at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica in Bellaterra, Barcelona, from May 28th to June 1st, 2018. This was the ninth workshop continuing a series of biennial meetings started in Ireland in 2002, and the second workshop of this series held at the CRM. Earlier editions of the workshops in this series were held in Cork, Pechs, Suceava, Lutherstadt and Berlin. The collection includes brief research articles reporting new results, descriptions of preliminary work, open problems, and the outcome of work in groups initiated during the workshop. Topics include analysis of hysteresis phenomena, multiple scale systems, self-organizing nonlinear systems, singular perturbations and critical phenomena, as well as applications of the hysteresis and the theory of singularly perturbed systems to fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics, cancer modeling, population modeling, mathematical economics, and control.The book is intended for established researchers, as well as for PhD and postdoctoral students who want to learn more about the latest advances in these highly active research areas.
Extended Abstracts Spring 2019: Advances in the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (Trends in Mathematics #13)
by Berta Barquero Ignasi Florensa Pedro Nicolás Noemí Ruiz-MunzónThe book presents research works developed within the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD) by senior and young researchers that participated in the Intensive Research Program “Advances in the anthropological theory of the didactic and their consequences in curricula and teacher education” held at the Centre de Recerca Matematica (CRM) in Barcelona. It is organized in three axes of current research on the ATD: teacher education and the professionalization of teaching; the curriculum problem in the historical transition from the classical paradigm of visiting works to the emerging didactic paradigm of questioning the world; and research in didactics at the university level.
Extended Abstracts Summer 2015
by Josep Díaz Lefteris Kirousis Luis Ortiz-Gracia Maria SernaThis book is divided into two parts, the first of which seeks to connect the phase transitions of various disciplines, including game theory, and to explore the synergies between statistical physics and combinatorics. Phase Transitions has been an active multidisciplinary field of research, bringing together physicists, computer scientists and mathematicians. The main research theme explores how atomic agents that act locally and microscopically lead to discontinuous macroscopic changes. Adopting this perspective has proven to be especially useful in studying the evolution of random and usually complex or large combinatorial objects (like networks or logic formulas) with respect to discontinuous changes in global parameters like connectivity, satisfiability etc. There is, of course, an obvious strategic element in the formation of a transition: the atomic agents "selfishly" seek to optimize a local parameter. However, up to now this game-theoretic aspect of abrupt, locally triggered changes had not been extensively studied. In turn, the book's second part is devoted to mathematical and computational methods applied to the pricing of financial contracts and the measurement of financial risks. The tools and techniques used to tackle these problems cover a wide spectrum of fields, like stochastic calculus, numerical analysis, partial differential equations, statistics and econometrics. Quantitative Finance is a highly active field of research and is increasingly attracting the interest of academics and practitioners alike. The material presented addresses a wide variety of new challenges for this audience.
Extended Abstracts Summer 2016: Slow-Fast Systems and Hysteresis: Theory and Applications (Trends in Mathematics #10)
by Andrei KorobeinikovThis volume contains extended abstracts outlining selected presentations given by participants of the joint international multidisciplinary workshop MURPHYS-HSFS-2016 (MUltiRate Processes and HYSteresis; Hysteresis and Slow-Fast Systems), which was dedicated to the mathematical theory and applications of multiple scale systems and systems with hysteresis, and held at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) in Barcelona from June 13th to 17th, 2016. The collection includes brief research articles on new results, preliminary work, open problems, and the outcomes of group work initiated during the workshop.The book addresses multiple scale phenomena, singular perturbations, phase transitions, and hysteresis phenomena occurring in mathematical, physical, economic, engineering and information systems. Its scope includes both new results in the theory of hysteresis, singularly perturbed systems and dynamical systems in general; and applications to the physical, chemical, biological, microbiological, economic, and engineering sciences, such as: elasto-plasticity and mechanical structures, damage processes, magnetic materials, photonics and optoelectronics, energy storage systems, hydrology, biology, semiconductor lasers, and shock phenomena in economic modeling. Given its breadth of coverage, the book offers a valuable resource for established researchers, as well as for PhD and postdoctoral students who want to learn more about the latest advances in these highly active research areas.
Extending Children's Mathematics: Innovations In Cognitively Guided Instruction
by Susan B. Empson Linda LeviThis highly anticipated follow-up volume to the landmark Children's Mathematics: Cognitively Guided Instruction addresses the urgent need to help teachers understand and teach fraction concepts. Fractions remain one of the key stumbling blocks in math education, and here Empson and Levi lay a foundation for understanding fractions and decimals in ways that build conceptual learning. They show how the same kinds of intuitive knowledge and sense making that provides the basis for children's learning of whole number arithmetic can be extended to fractions and decimals. Just as they did in Children's Mathematics and Thinking Mathematically, Empson and Levi provide important insights into children's thinking and alternative approaches to solving problems.
Extending Modules (Pitman Research Notes In Mathematics Ser.)
by Nguyen Viet DungModule theory is an important tool for many different branches of mathematics, as well as being an interesting subject in its own right. Within module theory, the concept of injective modules is particularly important. Extending modules form a natural class of modules which is more general than the class of injective modules but retains many of its
Extending R (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series)
by John M. ChambersUp-to-Date Guidance from One of the Foremost Members of the R Core Team Written by John M. Chambers, the leading developer of the original S software, Extending R covers key concepts and techniques in R to support analysis and research projects. It presents the core ideas of R, provides programming guidance for projects of all scales, and introduces new, valuable techniques that extend R. The book first describes the fundamental characteristics and background of R, giving readers a foundation for the remainder of the text. It next discusses topics relevant to programming with R, including the apparatus that supports extensions. The book then extends R’s data structures through object-oriented programming, which is the key technique for coping with complexity. The book also incorporates a new structure for interfaces applicable to a variety of languages. A reflection of what R is today, this guide explains how to design and organize extensions to R by correctly using objects, functions, and interfaces. It enables current and future users to add their own contributions and packages to R. A 2017 Choice Outstanding Academic Title
Extending Structures: Fundamentals and Applications (Chapman & Hall/CRC Monographs and Research Notes in Mathematics)
by Ana Agore Gigel MilitaruExtending Structures: Fundamentals and Applications treats the extending structures (ES) problem in the context of groups, Lie/Leibniz algebras, associative algebras and Poisson/Jacobi algebras. This concisely written monograph offers the reader an incursion into the extending structures problem which provides a common ground for studying both the extension problem and the factorization problem. Features Provides a unified approach to the extension problem and the factorization problem Introduces the classifying complements problem as a sort of converse of the factorization problem; and in the case of groups it leads to a theoretical formula for computing the number of types of isomorphisms of all groups of finite order that arise from a minimal set of data Describes a way of classifying a certain class of finite Lie/Leibniz/Poisson/Jacobi/associative algebras etc. using flag structures Introduces new (non)abelian cohomological objects for all of the aforementioned categories As an application to the approach used for dealing with the classification part of the ES problem, the Galois groups associated with extensions of Lie algebras and associative algebras are described
Extending and Modifying LAMMPS Writing Your Own Source Code: A pragmatic guide to extending LAMMPS as per custom simulation requirements
by Dr. Shafat Mubin Jichen Li Dr. Steven PlimptonUnderstand the LAMMPS source code and modify it to meet your research needs, and run simulations for bespoke applications involving forces, thermostats, pair potentials and more with easeKey FeaturesUnderstand the structure of the LAMMPS source codeImplement custom features in the LAMMPS source code to meet your research needsRun example simulations involving forces, thermostats, and pair potentials based on implemented featuresBook DescriptionLAMMPS is one of the most widely used tools for running simulations for research in molecular dynamics. While the tool itself is fairly easy to use, more often than not you'll need to customize it to meet your specific simulation requirements. Extending and Modifying LAMMPS bridges this learning gap and helps you achieve this by writing custom code to add new features to LAMMPS source code. Written by ardent supporters of LAMMPS, this practical guide will enable you to extend the capabilities of LAMMPS with the help of step-by-step explanations of essential concepts, practical examples, and self-assessment questions. This LAMMPS book provides a hands-on approach to implementing associated methodologies that will get you up and running and productive in no time. You'll begin with a short introduction to the internal mechanisms of LAMMPS, and gradually transition to an overview of the source code along with a tutorial on modifying it. As you advance, you'll understand the structure, syntax, and organization of LAMMPS source code, and be able to write your own source code extensions to LAMMPS that implement features beyond the ones available in standard downloadable versions. By the end of this book, you'll have learned how to add your own extensions and modifications to the LAMMPS source code that can implement features that suit your simulation requirements.What you will learnIdentify how LAMMPS input script commands are parsed within the source codeUnderstand the architecture of the source codeRelate source code elements to simulated quantitiesLearn how stored quantities are accessed within the source codeExplore the mechanisms controlling pair styles, computes, and fixesModify the source code to implement custom features in LAMMPSWho this book is forThis book is for students, faculty members, and researchers who are currently using LAMMPS or considering switching to LAMMPS, have a basic knowledge of how to use LAMMPS, and are looking to extend LAMMPS source code for research purposes. This book is not a tutorial on using LAMMPS or writing LAMMPS scripts, and it is assumed that the reader is comfortable with the basic LAMMPS syntax. The book is geared toward users with little to no experience in source code editing. Familiarity with C++ programming is helpful but not necessary.
Extending the Challenge in Mathematics: Developing Mathematical Promise in K-8 Students
by Linda Jensen SheffieldThis guide provides the practical tips and tools educators need to help their mathematically promising students develop their potential to the fullest.
Extending the Linear Model with R: Generalized Linear, Mixed Effects and Nonparametric Regression Models, Second Edition (Chapman & Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science)
by Julian J. FarawayStart Analyzing a Wide Range of Problems Since the publication of the bestselling, highly recommended first edition, R has considerably expanded both in popularity and in the number of packages available. Extending the Linear Model with R: Generalized Linear, Mixed Effects and Nonparametric Regression Models, Second Edition takes advantage of the greater functionality now available in R and substantially revises and adds several topics.New to the Second Edition Expanded coverage of binary and binomial responses, including proportion responses, quasibinomial and beta regression, and applied considerations regarding these models New sections on Poisson models with dispersion, zero inflated count models, linear discriminant analysis, and sandwich and robust estimation for generalized linear models (GLMs) Revised chapters on random effects and repeated measures that reflect changes in the lme4 package and show how to perform hypothesis testing for the models using other methods New chapter on the Bayesian analysis of mixed effect models that illustrates the use of STAN and presents the approximation method of INLA Revised chapter on generalized linear mixed models to reflect the much richer choice of fitting software now available Updated coverage of splines and confidence bands in the chapter on nonparametric regression New material on random forests for regression and classification Revamped R code throughout, particularly the many plots using the ggplot2 package Revised and expanded exercises with solutions now included Demonstrates the Interplay of Theory and PracticeThis textbook continues to cover a range of techniques that grow from the linear regression model. It presents three extensions to the linear framework: GLMs, mixed effect models, and nonparametric regression models. The book explains data analysis using real examples and includes all the R commands necessary to reproduce the analyses.
Extensions of Positive Definite Functions
by Palle Jorgensen Steen Pedersen Feng TianThis monograph deals with the mathematics of extending given partial data-sets obtained from experiments; Experimentalists frequently gather spectral data when the observed data is limited, e. g. , by the precision of instruments; or by other limiting external factors. Here the limited information is a restriction, and the extensions take the form of full positive definite function on some prescribed group. It is therefore both an art and a science to produce solid conclusions from restricted or limited data. While the theory of is important in many areas of pure and applied mathematics, it is difficult for students and for the novice to the field, to find accessible presentations which cover all relevant points of view, as well as stressing common ideas and interconnections. We have aimed at filling this gap, and we have stressed hands-on-examples.
Extensions of Rings and Modules
by Jae Keol Park S Tariq Rizvi Gary F. BirkenmeierThe "extensions" of rings and modules have yet to be explored in detail in a research monograph. This book presents state of the art research and also stimulating new and further research. Broken into three parts, Part I begins with basic notions, terminology, definitions and a description of the classes of rings and modules. Part II considers the transference of conditions between a base ring or module and its extensions. And Part III utilizes the concept of a minimal essental extension with respect to a specific class (a hull). Mathematical interdisciplinary applications appear throughout. Major applications of the ring and module theory to Functional Analysis, especially C*-algebras, appear in Part III, make this book of interest to Algebra and Functional Analysis researchers. Notes and exercises at the end of every chapter, and open problems at the end of all three parts, lend this as an ideal textbook for graduate or advanced undergradate students.
Exterior Billiards
by Alexander PlakhovA billiard is a dynamical system in which a point particle alternates between free motion and specular reflections from the boundary of a domain. Exterior Billiards presents billiards in the complement of domains and their applications in aerodynamics and geometrical optics. This book distinguishes itself from existing literature by presenting billiard dynamics outside bounded domains, including scattering, resistance, invisibility and retro-reflection. It begins with an overview of the mathematical notations used throughout the book and a brief review of the main results. Chapters 2 and 3 are focused on problems of minimal resistance and Newton's problem in media with positive temperature. In chapters 4 and 5, scattering of billiards by nonconvex and rough domains is characterized and some related special problems of optimal mass transportation are studied. Applications in aerodynamics are addressed next and problems of invisibility and retro-reflection within the framework of geometric optics conclude the text. The book will appeal to mathematicians working in dynamical systems and calculus of variations. Specialists working in the areas of applications discussed will also find it useful.
Extra Dimensions in Space and Time
by Lawrence Krauss John Terning Farzad Nekoogar Itzhak BarsIn physics, the idea of extra spatial dimensions originates from Nordstöm's 5-dimensional vector theory in 1914, followed by Kaluza-Klein theory in 1921, in an effort to unify general relativity and electromagnetism in a 5 dimensional space-time (4 dimensions for space and 1 for time). Kaluza-Klein theory didn't generate enough interest with physicist for the next five decades, due to its problems with inconsistencies. With the advent of supergravity theory (the theory that unifies general relativity and supersymmetry theories) in late 1970's and eventually, string theories (1980s) and M-theory (1990s), the dimensions of space-time increased to 11 (10-space and 1-time dimension). There are two main features in this book that differentiates it from other books written about extra dimensions: The first feature is the coverage of extra dimensions in time (Two Time physics), which has not been covered in earlier books about extra dimensions. All other books mainly cover extra spatial dimensions. The second feature deals with level of presentation. The material is presented in a non-technical language followed by additional sections (in the form of appendices or footnotes) that explain the basic equations and formulas in the theories. This feature is very attractive to readers who want to find out more about the theories involved beyond the basic description for a layperson. The text is designed for scientifically literate non-specialists who want to know the latest discoveries in theoretical physics in a non-technical language. Readers with basic undergraduate background in modern physics and quantum mechanics can easily understand the technical sections. Part I starts with an overview of the Standard Model of particles and forces, notions of Einstein's special and general relativity, and the overall view of the universe from the Big Bang to the present epoch, and covers Two-Time physics. 2T-physics has worked correctly at all scales of physics, both macroscopic and microscopic, for which there is experimental data so far. In addition to revealing hidden information even in familiar "everyday" physics, it also makes testable predictions in lesser known physics regimes that could be analyzed at the energy scales of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN or in cosmological observations." Part II of the book is focused on extra dimensions of space. It covers the following topics: The Popular View of Extra Dimensions, Einstein and the Fourth Dimension, Traditional Extra Dimensions, Einstein's Gravity, The Theory Formerly Known as String, Warped Extra Dimensions, and How Do We Look For Extra Dimensions?
Extra Innings: More Baseball Between the Numbers from the Team at Baseball Prospectus
by Steven Goldman The Baseball ProspectusIn 1996, a brassy young team of fans produced a guide to baseball statistics. Printed on a photocopier, its distribution, which was in the low hundreds, was limited to friends, family, and die-hard stat heads. Sixteen years later, the Baseball Prospectus annual regularly hits best-seller lists and has become an indispensable guide for the serious fan. In Extra Innings, the team at Baseball Prospectus integrates statistics, interviews, and analysis to deliver twenty arguments about today's game. In the tradition of their seminal book, Baseball Between the Numbers, they take on everything from steroids to the amateur draft. They probe the impact of managers on the game. They explain the critical art of building a bullpen. In an era when statistics matter more than ever, Extra Innings is an essential volume for every baseball fan.
Extracting Knowledge From Time Series: An Introduction to Nonlinear Empirical Modeling
by Boris P. Bezruchko Dmitry A. SmirnovThis book addresses the fundamental question of how to construct mathematical models for the evolution of dynamical systems from experimentally-obtained time series. It places emphasis on chaotic signals and nonlinear modeling and discusses different approaches to the forecast of future system evolution. In particular, it teaches readers how to construct difference and differential model equations depending on the amount of a priori information that is available on the system in addition to the experimental data sets. This book will benefit graduate students and researchers from all natural sciences who seek a self-contained and thorough introduction to this subject.
Extraction of Quantifiable Information from Complex Systems
by Wolfgang Dahmen Stephan Dahlke Michael Griebel Wolfgang Hackbusch Klaus Ritter Reinhold Schneider Christoph Schwab Harry YserentantIn April 2007, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) approved the Priority Program 1324 "Mathematical Methods for Extracting Quantifiable Information from Complex Systems. " This volume presents a comprehensive overview of the most important results obtained over the course of the program. Mathematical models of complex systems provide the foundation for further technological developments in science, engineering and computational finance. Motivated by the trend toward steadily increasing computer power, ever more realistic models have been developed in recent years. These models have also become increasingly complex, and their numerical treatment poses serious challenges. Recent developments in mathematics suggest that, in the long run, much more powerful numerical solution strategies could be derived if the interconnections between the different fields of research were systematically exploited at a conceptual level. Accordingly, a deeper understanding of the mathematical foundations as well as the development of new and efficient numerical algorithms were among the main goals of this Priority Program. The treatment of high-dimensional systems is clearly one of the most challenging tasks in applied mathematics today. Since the problem of high-dimensionality appears in many fields of application, the above-mentioned synergy and cross-fertilization effects were expected to make a great impact. To be truly successful, the following issues had to be kept in mind: theoretical research and practical applications had to be developed hand in hand; moreover, it has proven necessary to combine different fields of mathematics, such as numerical analysis and computational stochastics. To keep the whole program sufficiently focused, we concentrated on specific but related fields of application that share common characteristics and as such, they allowed us to use closely related approaches.
Extrapolation and Rational Approximation: The Works of the Main Contributors
by Claude Brezinski Michela Redivo-ZagliaThis book paints a fresco of the field of extrapolation and rational approximation over the last several centuries to the present through the works of their primary contributors. It can serve as an introduction to the topics covered, including extrapolation methods, Padé approximation, orthogonal polynomials, continued fractions, Lanczos-type methods etc.; it also provides in depth discussion of the many links between these subjects.A highlight of this book is the presentation of the human side of the fields discussed via personal testimonies from contemporary researchers, their anecdotes, and their exclusive remembrances of some of the “actors.” This book shows how research in this domain started and evolved. Biographies of other scholars encountered have also been included. An important branch of mathematics is described in its historical context, opening the way to new developments. After a mathematical introduction, the book contains a precise description of the mathematical landscape of these fields spanning from the 19th century to the first part of the 20th. After an analysis of the works produced after that period (in particular those of Richardson, Aitken, Shanks, Wynn, and others), the most recent developments and applications are reviewed.
Extraterrestrische Maschinen: Auf der Suche nach außerirdischer Intelligenz
by Wilfried DomainkoIn diesem Buch wird die Suche nach extraterrestrischen Strukturen diskutiert, die möglicherweise künstlichen Ursprungs sind. Die Fahndung nach künstlichen, extraterrestrischen Objekten wird jedoch durch die extrem vielfältigen Erscheinungsformen von natürlichen Himmelkörpern erschwert. Trotzdem ist die gezielte Suche nach außerirdischen Maschinen von riesigen Ausmaßen eine Möglichkeit, extraterrestrische Intelligenz zu entdecken. Tatsächlich besteht die Möglichkeit, einige Beobachtungen von außergewöhnlichen Himmelsobjekten entweder im Zusammenhang mit exotischen natürlichen Phänomenen oder aber als solche Technologiesignaturen zu deuten. Extraterrestrische Maschinen könnten technologisch viel fortschrittlicher sein als ihre irdischen Gegenstücke. Im Rahmen des zweiten Erklärungsansatzes könnten modifizierte Sterne als stellare Maschinen dienen, ganze Planeten nach den Bedürfnissen ihrer Bewohner umgestaltet werden oder gigantische Megastrukturen ihre Heimatsterne verdunkeln. Auch in unserem Sonnensystem wären Signaturen von extraterrestrischen Maschinen denkbar. Entsprechend könnten Beobachtungen von einigen sich bewegenden Himmelsobjekten mitunter im Zusammenhang mit interstellaren Raumsonden oder extraterrestrischem Weltraumschrott interpretiert werden. Neben der Vorstellung von möglichen beobachteten Technologiesignaturen und deren natürlichen und künstlichen Erklärungsmodellen, werden in diesem Buch auch verwandte irdische Technikvorhaben mit den entsprechenden Beobachtungen verglichen. In diesem Zusammenhang könnte das Auffinden von extraterrestrischen Maschinen sogar die menschliche Technologieentwicklung verändern.
Extremal Finite Set Theory (Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications)
by Daniel Gerbner Balazs PatkosExtremal Finite Set Theory surveys old and new results in the area of extremal set system theory. It presents an overview of the main techniques and tools (shifting, the cycle method, profile polytopes, incidence matrices, flag algebras, etc.) used in the different subtopics. The book focuses on the cardinality of a family of sets satisfying certain combinatorial properties. It covers recent progress in the subject of set systems and extremal combinatorics. Intended for graduate students, instructors teaching extremal combinatorics and researchers, this book serves as a sound introduction to the theory of extremal set systems. In each of the topics covered, the text introduces the basic tools used in the literature. Every chapter provides detailed proofs of the most important results and some of the most recent ones, while the proofs of some other theorems are posted as exercises with hints. Features: Presents the most basic theorems on extremal set systems Includes many proof techniques Contains recent developments The book’s contents are well suited to form the syllabus for an introductory course About the Authors: Dániel Gerbner is a researcher at the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest, Hungary. He holds a Ph.D. from Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary and has contributed to numerous publications. His research interests are in extremal combinatorics and search theory. Balázs Patkós is also a researcher at the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He holds a Ph.D. from Central European University, Budapest and has authored several research papers. His research interests are in extremal and probabilistic combinatorics.