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Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas
by Masao TanakaIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) represent an opportunity to treat pancreatic tumors before they develop into aggressive, hard-to-treat cancers. Beginning with morphological classification and its clinical significance, natural history, and malignant change of both main duct and branch duct IPMNs, this book covers the whole field of IPMNs of the pancreas. It reviews the various methods of investigation: imaging, diagnostic investigation of cyst fluid, and those using pancreatic juice; and also examines aspects ranging from the development of malignancy to the timing and method of resection, focusing on both main duct and branch duct IPMNs. Aimed at residents, clinical fellows, and pancreatologists who treat patients with this common disease of the pancreas, this book is a landmark in the current understanding and future perspectives of IPMNs of the pancreas.
Intragastric Balloon for Weight Management: A Practical Guide
by Manoel Galvao Neto Lyz Bezerra Silva Eduardo N. Usuy Josemberg M. CamposIntragastric balloons are steadily gaining popularity among the medical treatments available for obesity. Their efficacy and safety are reinforced by growing body of evidence obtained around the globe. Intragastric balloons are now considered one of the safest and most effective medical procedures for weight reduction. Additionally, the reduced potential for side effects and low invasiveness (compared to bariatric surgeries) are important considerations. This book is edited by renowned surgeons and endoscopists from Brazil, a country known for its reputation on the field of bariatric endoscopy and surgery. Such reputation is especially valid where the use of intragastric balloons is concerned. These devices, approved by the FDA only in 2015, have been used in Brazil since the 1990s, attesting to Brazilian expertise in the field. This book describes the various types of intragastric balloons used for the treatment of obesity, an alternative to bariatric surgery and other more invasive methods. It addresses their indications, procedures and outcomes, providing readers an overview of the therapeutic options available worldwide. It is divided into seven main sections: I - Introductory Issues; II - Devices; III - Technical Procedures and Related Issues; IV - Acute Complications and Treatment; V - Chronic Complications and Treatment; VI - Special Populations; and VII - Miscellaneous. This structure helps to promote a better knowledge construction and a reasonable flow of ideas throughout the book, guiding the reader from introductory topics to surgical procedures and complications.The book ultimately intends to offer an essential reference guide for all physicians and surgeons interested in the treatment of obese patients. It is intended for both experienced professionals looking for in-depth information and for trainees and residents seeking to broaden their perspectives concerning the treatment of obesity.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnosis and Management
by Timothy M. Pawlik Jordan M. Cloyd Mary DillhoffThis book provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). It brings together an impressive group of international experts in cholangiocarcinoma research and clinical care. The book was organized and written to aid the clinician’s understanding of emerging research in cholangiocarcinoma and its application to the clinical care of patients with ICC. Each chapter details the scientific evidence to support clinical decisions that are needed to care for these complex patients. Focused chapters detail the epidemiology, diagnostic evaluation, as well as staging and prognosis of this disease. In addition to dedicated chapters on surgical management of ICC, a broad emphasis on locoregional therapies, including percutaneous ablation and transarterial therapies, is included. An up-to-date overview of the molecular pathogenesis and pathological assessment of ICC is detailed prior to chapters focusing on systemic chemotherapy and emerging novel therapy options. Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma is not only an invaluable resource for many as they seek to provide the best multidisciplinary cancer care to patients with ICC, but also an opportunity to identify new avenues of scientific discovery that lead to significant advances in the diagnosis and management of ICC.
Intramedullary Nailing
by Pol M. Rommens Martin H. HessmannThis book contributes to the enhancement of fundamental and practical knowledge in the treatment of fractures, healing disturbances and bone disorders with intramedullary nailing. It promotes this biological and mechanical outstanding technique for appropriate indications and ameliorate the standard of care for those patients, who can profit from intramedullary nailing. Orthopedic trauma surgeons from all over the world, who work in the most different circumstances and with the most diverse technical and logistical equipment, will find this book to be an essential resource and guide for their daily practice with intramedullary nailing.
Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure Gradient in Glaucoma (Advances in Visual Science and Eye Diseases #1)
by Ningli WangThis book focuses on the characteristic of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and its relationship with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. It also explores the potential novel methods to manage glaucoma by adjusting CSF pressure. This book covers several interesting topics such as why normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients still develops into glaucoma without high intraocular pressure (IOP); and whether there are factors other than IOP contributing to the pathogenesis of NTG why the role of IOP in the pathogenesis of POAG becomes vague and controversial. This book contains over 40 chapters, including numerous images from clinical patients and experiments on gross anatomy, pathological tissue, and immunohistochemistry, electronic speculum etc. The ophthalmologists and researchers can also benefit from the clinical cases. We hope this book serves as a clinical guidance with practical significant for the understanding, prevention and diagnosis of glaucoma.
Intraocular Drug Delivery
by Glenn J. Jaffe Paul Ashton P. Andrew PearsonThis reference studies the most recent advances in the development of ocular drug delivery systems. Covering methods to treat or prevent ocular inflammation, retinal vascular disease, retinal degeneration, and proliferative eye disease, this source covers breakthroughs in the management of endophthalmitis, uveitis, diabetic macular edema, and age-r
Intraocular Inflammation
by Manfred Zierhut Carlos Pavesio Shigeaki Ohno Fernando Oréfice Narsing A. RaoThis well-structured and lavishly illustrated book is a comprehensive reference on intraocular inflammation that encompasses all anatomic forms, settings and etiologies. Individual sections are devoted to uveitis associated with systemic disorders, uveitis syndromes restricted to the eye, bacterial uveitis, viral uveitis, fungal uveitis, parasitic uveitis, uveitis caused by other microbes, traumatic uveitis, and masquerade syndromes. Chapters on the different forms of uveitis are in a homogeneous reader-friendly format, with identification of core messages, explanation of etiology and pathogenesis, up-to-date information on diagnostics and differential diagnosis and guidance on the most appropriate forms of treatment and prognosis. Helpful flow charts are included to assist in identification of potential underlying disorders and the reader will also have online access to one hundred informative case reports demonstrating the different courses of intraocular inflammation. The authors are world experts keen to share their vast experience with the reader. Intraocular Inflammation will be a valuable resource for all physicians who deal with patients with inflammatory eye disease.
Intraocular Surgery
by Thomas H. WilliamsonThis book instructs postgraduate trainees inophthalmology on the basic methodology required to perform intraocular surgery. The text is written clearly and concisely, investigating basic surgical skillsfor the eye to facilitate the training process. The subject material of eachchapter has been carefully chosen to explain separate conceptual areas insurgery to allow easy understanding and rapid attainment of knowledge. Theconcepts can be transferred from one surgical method to another, giving thereader the flexibility to adapt to new methods quickly. Intraocular Surgery - A Basic Surgical Guide provides variousinsights to allow the development of a thoughtful and considered approach tosurgery. It encourages the reader to more intelligently scrutinize whichsurgical methods to apply, and to utilize the most effective procedures inclinical practice. After reading thisbook, the reader will be well-equipped to perform the simple steps of surgery,improving the overall quality of surgery.
Intraocular Tumors
by Vikas KhetanThis book aims to cover all aspects of intraocular tumors. The chapters explain diagnosis and treatment plan in detail with the aid of step-by-step descriptions in the form of flow charts. An additional chapter covers imaging modalities that help in diagnosing these conditions. The book is written by subject experts from all over the world. The book includes latest treatment protocols and changing trends in management of ocular tumors. Chapter with special focus on genetics is included to help clinicians understand the condition better.
An Intraoperative Beta--Probe for Cancer Surgery (Springer Theses)
by Francesco CollamatiThis thesis focuses on a novel radio-guided surgery technique for complete tumor resections. It describes all aspects of the intraoperative probe, as well as testing and simulation of the novel technique. The presentation develops the technique from the initial idea to realistic feasibility studies that have been the subject of a press release of the American Society of Nuclear Medicine. Just a year after completing this work, the technique has now been tested for the first time on a meningioma patient, confirming all of the predictions made in this thesis.
Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
by Gregory W. Randolph Joseph ScharpfThis book covers the scope of cranial nerve monitoring of all cranial nerves that are of practical importance in head, neck, and thyroid surgery. It discussed enhanced patient outcomes in a wide array of surgical procedures in the head and neck that require the maintenance of complex regional functions by protecting cranial nerve integrity.Organized into four parts, the book begins with Part I offering historical perspectives on the subject while simultaneously reviewing various basic and advanced electrophysiology. Part II thoroughly reviews the extra-temporal bone facial nerve (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX), Vagal/Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (CN X), Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI), and Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII). Subsequent chapters in Part III provide a complete and applied understanding of the neurophysiological principles that facilitate the surgeon’s ability to monitor any nerve and intraoperative neural stimulation and nerve monitoring. The book presents various techniques as the standard of care to provide optimal neural detection, understand the neural functional real-time status during surgery and optimize specific surgical outcomes such as thyroid surgical outcomes. Closing chapters offer essential conversations regarding ethical considerations in nerve monitoring and medical malpractice.Filling a gap in the literature, Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring in Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery provides a single source for surgeons who wish to optimize their outcomes in patient care and accelerate their learning curve to the level of more experienced surgeons.
Intraoperative Flow Cytometry
by Georgios Alexiou Georgios VartholomatosThis book describes intraoperative flow cytometry in solid tumours. Intraoperative flow cytometry is an innovative technique for assessing tumour margins and grade of malignancy intraoperatively. The authors have been working on this procedure for more than 14 years and have introduced it in the surgery of intracranial tumours, breast cancer, liver cancer and head and neck neoplasms, as described in the book. A detailed description of the main pathological findings will be followed by an explanation of the intraoperative flow cytometry’s role. In each chapter, information will be provided to stimulate further research on this topic. The book will also include new topics that have not been published till now. The book is aimed at neurosurgeons, general surgeons, ENT specialists, breast surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, oncologists, biologists, biochemists and scientists working with on flow cytometry.
Intraoperative Imaging
by M. Necmettin Pamir Volker Seifert Talat KirisIntraoperative imaging technologies have taken an ever-increasing role in the daily practice of neurosurgeons and the increasing attention and interest necessitated international interaction and collaboration. The Intraoperative Imaging Society was formed in 2007. This book brings together highlights from the second meeting of the Intraoperative Imaging Society, which took place in Istanbul-Turkey from June 14 to 17, 2009. Included within the contents of the book is an overview of the emergence and development of the intraoperative imaging technology as well as a glimpse on where the technology is heading. This is followed by in detail coverage of intraoperative MRI technology and sections on intraoperative CT and ultrasonography. There are also sections on multimodality integration, intraoperative robotics and other intraoperative technologies. We believe that this book will provide an up-to date and comprehensive general overview of the current intraoperative imaging technology as well as detailed discussions on individual techniques and clinical results.
Intraoperative Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy
by Ferenc A. JoleszImage-guided therapy (IGT) uses imaging to improve the localization and targeting of diseased tissue and to monitor and control treatments. During the past decade, image-guided surgeries and image-guided minimally invasive interventions have emerged as advances that can be used in place of traditional invasive approaches. Advanced imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) entered into operating rooms and interventional suites to complement already-available routine imaging devices like X-ray and ultrasound. At the same time, navigational tools, computer-assisted surgery devices, and image-guided robots also became part of the revolution in interventional radiology suites and the operating room. Intraoperative Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy explores the fundamental, technical, and clinical aspects of state-of the-art image-guided therapies. It presents the basic concepts of image guidance, the technologies involved in therapy delivery, and the special requirements for the design and construction of image-guided operating rooms and interventional suites. It also covers future developments such as molecular imaging-guided surgeries and novel innovative therapies like MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery. IGT is a multidisciplinary and multimodality field in which teams of physicians, physicists, engineers, and computer scientists collaborate in performing these interventions, an approach that is reflected in the organization of the book. Contributing authors include members of the National Center of Image-Guided Therapy program at Brigham and Women's Hospital and international leaders in the field of IGT. The book includes coverage of these topics: - Imaging methods, guidance technologies, and the therapy delivery systems currently used or in development. - Clinical applications for IGT in various specialties such as neurosurgery, ear-nose-and-throat surgery, cardiovascular surgery, endoscopies, and orthopedic procedures. - Review and comparison of the clinical uses for IGT with conventional methods in terms of invasiveness, effectiveness, and outcome. - Requirements for the design and construction of image-guided operating rooms and interventional suites.
Intraoperative Irradiation
by Louis B. Harrison Felipe A. Calvo Leonard L. Gunderson Christopher G. WillettThe rationale for using intraoperative irradiation (IORT) is based on the realization that tolerable doses of eternal beam radiation are often insufficient to achieve control of locally advanced malignancies. In these instances, the IORT component of treatment becomes the optimal conformal technique of irradiation, since dose-limiting organs or structures can either be surgically displaced or protected by placement of lead shielding. This fully revised and expanded second edition is of interest to those with intraoperative electron (IOERT) capabilities, high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-IORT) capabilities, or both. Techniques, indications, and results are discussed by disease site. Each chapter is dual authored by a radiation oncologist and a surgeon, giving a balanced presentation of clinical scenarios. Issues of basic science and physics are also covered, and a notable chapter on normal tissue tolerance is included. Intraoperative Irradiation: Techniques and Results, Second Edition is a superb compilation, providing essential cutting-edge knowledge. It is a foundation for physicians as IORT develops and becomes more widely available.
Intraoperative Mapping of Cognitive Networks: Which Tasks for Which Locations
by Emmanuel Mandonnet Guillaume HerbetThis book aims to give the state-of-the-art of intraoperative brain function mapping for resection of brain tumors in awake conditions, and to become a reference for acquiring the fundamental expertise necessary to select the right intraoperative task at the right time of the surgery. The chapters, all focused on a specific brain function, are divided in 4 parts: sensori-motor and visuo-spatial functions, language functions, higher-order functions, and prospects. Each chapter follows the same outline, including a brief review of the current knowledge about the networks sustaining the function in healthy subjects, the description of the intraoperative tasks designed to monitor the function, a review of the literature describing the deficits in that function after surgery, and a critical appraisal of the benefit provided by intraoperative mapping of that function.
Intraoperative Monitoring: Neurophysiology and Surgical Approaches
by Silvia Mazzali Verst Maria Rufina Barros Marcos Vinicius Calfat MaldaunIn recent decades, the advances in and consolidation of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IOM) in several highly complex surgical areas have been undeniable. Currently all modalities of neurophysiological tests (SSEP, MEP, EMG, PEATC, VEP, BRAIN MAPPING, ETC) are performed in the operating room, where they are used to provide trans operative information on the patient’s neurological status in real time (monitoring), and to identify neural structures which are at immediate risk (mapping). With the inarguably positive impact of IOM on surgical outcomes, there is an increasing interest in reliable, technically focused literature. This volume provides cutting-edge information in the field of IOM, and highlights new neurophysiological tools being used in various surgeries. The book’s initial sections cover a range of topics, including an anatomical overview, electrical safety, and detailed technical descriptions of the neurophysiological tests used in IOM. The subsequent sections address e.g. the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, vascular and peripheral nerves, epilepsy, head and neck, movement disorders and special topics.Some chapters are accompanied by videos of surgeries and IOM so that the reader will have the real sensation of having been in the operating room and will gain an overview of the key steps. Written by experts in the field of IOM, the book offers a valuable resource for both experienced and early-career neurophysiologists, neurosurgeons, vascular and orthopedic surgeons, and surgeons involved with pelvic procedures. Further, its goal is to provide a real rapport, never before attained, between neurophysiologists and surgeons with a sole focus: excellence in terms of the final outcome.
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: Fundamentals, Possibilities, Limitations (Issn Ser.)
by Josef Zentner David B. MacDonald Celine WegnerIntraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has gained increasing interest during the past decades and is now an integral part of various surgical disciplines, especially in neurosurgery, but also in otolaryngology, orthopedics, vascular surgery and general surgery. With expanding applications and evolving techniques, the monitoring team is faced with increasingly complex tasks and responsibilities. Despite its importance and significance in modern surgical medicine and the expectations associated with it, IONM is still not a regular part of the training program of medical professionals. Although knowledge on monitoring is imparted in basic courses offered by a few professional societies, systematic training of medical and non-medical staff according to a standardized curriculum is still lacking.This book aims to contribute to closing this gap. It provides a practical guide to help medical, nursing, and technical personnel get familiar with intraoperative neuromonitoring. The basic tenor is to combine theoretical and practical knowledge and thus to systematically convey essential skills about fundamentals, possibilities, but also limitations of IONM to a broad circle of readers. In order to achieve this goal, the text has been reduced to the absolutely necessary length in favor of numerous illustrations and tables.After an introduction to the tasks, the significance, and the historical development of IONM, the anatomical, physiological and physical basics are presented. This is followed by a presentation of various modalities as well as stimulation and recording techniques. The intraoperative part begins with some information on the organizational processes in the operating room, the presentation of safety aspects, and a description of the influences of anesthesia on monitoring, including the special aspects of awake surgery. This is followed by some basic remarks on the interpretation of monitoring results and a rough overview of the application fields of IONM in various disciplines including representative case examples. The manual concludes with an evaluation of the efficiency of monitoring and practical recommendations for the detection and elimination of intraoperative sources of error. Self-tests in individual chapters are intended to give readers the opportunity to determine their level of knowledge.
Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring
by Khaled M. Zamel Marc R. Nuwer Gloria M. Galloway Jaime R. LopezIntraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring has shown a steady increase in use for surgeries in which neural structures may be at risk of injury. Some of the surgical techniques used carry inherent risks, and these risks have changed the way in which neurophysiologic monitoring has impacted patient safety and quality of care during surgical procedures. It is therefore crucial that those performing and interpreting intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring are adequately trained. This book is a comprehensive guide to the current practice of intraoperative neurophysiology with chapters on various modalities and clinical uses. Separate chapters devoted to anesthesia, operating room environment, special considerations in pediatrics and the interpretation and reporting of neurophysiologic data are useful and complementary. Questions and detailed answers on the topics covered can be found on the accompanying website for study review. This book will be useful to the trainee as well as the neurophysiologist already in practice.
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring
by Aage R. MøllerThe third edition of this classic text again provides practical, comprehensive coverage of the anatomical and physiological basis for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Written by a leading authority in the field, Dr. Aage Moller has updated this important title to again offer all the leading-edge knowledge needed to perform electrophysiological recordings in the operating room, to interpret the results, and to present the results to the surgeon. The field known as "intraoperative monitoring" has expanded rapidly to cover other uses of neurophysiology and electrophysiologic recordings during surgical operations that affect the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the nervous system. These new areas are covered in this new edition. To better represent the content of the book and the field as it now stands, many of the chapters have been revised and new material has been added. While the general organization of the book is maintained, chapters such as monitoring of motor systems have been revised and extended with new material, including more detailed description of the anatomy and physiology of motor systems and new information about intraoperative monitoring.
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Hemifacial Spasm: A Practical Guide
by Sang-Ku Park Byung-Euk Joo Kwan ParkThis book is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in patients with hemifacial spasm, one of the very few neuromuscular disorders that can be treated surgically. It covers various aspects including brainstem auditory evoked potentials, lateral spread response, free-running EMG and prognosis, and intraoperative hearing loss patterns. In particular, we present detailed explanations and realistic pictures of various and subtle changes in the waveform of brainstem auditory evoked potentials and postoperative hearing. In addition, detailed explanations and actual photos are provided for various cases, such as when the amplitude of the lateral spread response is slightly smaller during surgery, when it is lost and then measured again, or when the surgery is terminated without disappearing. The various situations that may occur during surgery are fully covered, and the causes of and solutions to particular challenges are clearly described. In addition, the results of each test and their association with the postoperative prognosis are explained in detail. The authors have vast experience and recognized expertise in the performance of microvascular decompression surgery and intraoperative neuromonitoring. The book draws on their practical knowledge and many scientific contributions to offer the very latest insights into the management of hemifacial spasm. It will be an excellent guide for young neurosurgeons, neurological monitoring technologists, and neurological interpreters.
Intraoperative Ultrasound (IOUS) in Neurosurgery
by Francesco Prada Luigi Solbiati Alberto Martegani Francesco DimecoThis book is intended as a practical manual on the use of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) as a tool for imaging guidance during cranial and spinal neurosurgical procedures. Full account is taken of the emergence of novel clinical applications and recent technical advances, with extensive coverage of the impact of developments such as improved probe technology, fusion imaging and virtual navigation, 3D ultrasound imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and elastosonography. Basic principles of ultrasound are elucidated in order to assist in the optimal use of IOUS and clear guidance is provided on the interpretation of imaging findings in various pathologies. Informative comparisons are also made of the use of techniques such as fusion imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in general radiology and neurosurgery. The aim of the authors is to enhance the general knowledge regarding intra-operative ultrasound brain imaging, standardizing its use and exploring new techniques, leading in some way toward compensating the lack of specific training in the application of ultrasound among theneurosurgical community. IOUS is a sensitive tool that can improve surgical precision and help to reduce morbidity.
Intrapartum Care for the MRCOG and Beyond
by Thomas F Baskett Sabaratnam ArulkumaranThis book provides a comprehensive overview of clinical intrapartum care, with an emphasis on a pragmatic approach which promotes the necessary vigilant care while also supporting the wishes of the pregnant woman who wants minimal interference. This second edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect current practice and developments in the field since publication of the first edition, with six new chapters added on topics that are of increasing importance: improving intrapartum care, lower genital tract trauma, emergency obstetric hysterectomy, acute uterine inversion, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute tocolysis. The book is primarily designed to provide a comprehensive summary for candidates preparing for the Part 2 MRCOG examination, and as such covers the RCOG curriculum for intrapartum care. It is also a valuable guide for all healthcare professionals working in the field, including trainees, consultants and midwives.
Intrapartum Ultrasonography for Labor Management
by Antonio MalvasiDuring intrapartum obstetric care clinicians evaluate the fetal head position manually, either by abdominal or digital vaginal palpation. However, digital examination has been shown to be highly operator-dependent (subjective). Intrapartum ultrasound, on the other hand, seems to be reproducible and easy to learn. In crucial situations like obstructed labor, likely to require medical intervention, there really is a need for ultrasound assessment of birth progress and on the busy labor ward. This is the first book devoted entirely to intrapartum ultrasound for the management of labor. Experts in the field present their own experiences and summarize the published state of the art. The use of intrapartum ultrasonography in evaluation of the first and second stages of labor and diagnosis of the occiput posterior and transverse positions is clearly documented. Each situation is analyzed with the help of informative images, and invaluable tips and tricks are provided, showing how fetal head engagement and progression can be documented objectively. The importance of ultrasound in obstetrics risk management is also addressed. This book explains how intrapartum ultrasonography can be used to assess whether a safe natural delivery is likely or whether operative procedures are required. We hope it will be valuable for all professionals, physicians and midwifes alike, who care for labouring women.
Intrapartum Ultrasonography for Labor Management: Labor, Delivery and Puerperium
by Antonio MalvasiThis updated book is a practical guide to intrapartum ultrasonography to help practitioners improve labor and delivery, and to limit, where possible, complications. Presenting the authors’ experiences, the book summarizes the state of the art in normal and abnormal labor. It clearly documents the use of intrapartum ultrasonography to evaluate the first and second stages of labor and diagnose the occiput posterior and transverse positions. Each situation is analyzed with the help of numerous informative images and invaluable tips and tricks showing how fetal head engagement and progression can be documented objectively. The importance of ultrasound in obstetrics risk management is also addressed. Explaining how intrapartum ultrasonography can be used to assess whether a safe natural delivery is likely or whether operative procedures are required, the book is a valuable resource for all professionals – physicians and midwifes alike – caring for women in labor.