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Medical Conditions In The Athlete
by Micki Cuppett Katie FlanaganMedical Conditions in the Athlete, Third Edition, equips health care providers with the information they need to develop a framework for decision making when working with injured and recovering athletes and active populations.
Medical Confidentiality and Crime
by Sabine MichalowskiMedical confidentiality is universally recognised as a value worth protecting. However, difficulties arise when confidential medical information becomes relevant in the context of crime prevention and criminal prosecution. Should medical confidentiality be upheld where the physician holds information which is essential for the investigation of a serious crime; for establishing the truth in a criminal trial; for an accused’s defence; or for the prevention of a criminal offence? And according to which criteria should such decisions be made? Based on an examination of different approaches in medical ethics and a comparison of the relevant law of France, Germany, England and Wales and the US, this book analyses how a balance of the competing interests can best be struck.
Medical Countermeasures Dispensing: Emergency Use Authorization and the Postal Model - Workshop Summary
by Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesDuring public health emergencies such as terrorist attacks or influenza outbreaks, the public health system's ability to save lives could depend on dispensing medical countermeasures such as antibiotics, antiviral medications, and vaccines to a large number of people in a short amount of time. The IOM's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events held a workshop on November 18, 2009, to provide an overview of current threats, recent progress made in the public health system for distributing and dispensing countermeasures, and remaining vulnerabilities.
Medical Cultures of the Early Modern Spanish Empire (New Hispanisms: Cultural and Literary Studies)
by John Slater Maríaluz López-Terrada José Pardo-TomásEarly modern Spain was a global empire in which a startling variety of medical cultures came into contact, and occasionally conflict, with one another. Spanish soldiers, ambassadors, missionaries, sailors, and emigrants of all sorts carried with them to the farthest reaches of the monarchy their own ideas about sickness and health. These ideas were, in turn, influenced by local cultures. This volume tells the story of encounters among medical cultures in the early modern Spanish empire. The twelve chapters draw upon a wide variety of sources, ranging from drama, poetry, and sermons to broadsheets, travel accounts, chronicles, and Inquisitorial documents; and it surveys a tremendous regional scope, from Mexico, to the Canary Islands, the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and Germany. Together, these essays propose a new interpretation of the circulation, reception, appropriation, and elaboration of ideas and practices related to sickness and health, sex, monstrosity, and death, in a historical moment marked by continuous cross-pollination among institutions and populations with a decided stake in the functioning and control of the human body. Ultimately, the volume discloses how medical cultures provided demographic, analytical, and even geographic tools that constituted a particular kind of map of knowledge and practice, upon which were plotted: the local utilities of pharmacological discoveries; cures for social unrest or decline; spaces for political and institutional struggle; and evolving understandings of monstrousness and normativity. Medical Cultures of the Early Modern Spanish Empire puts the history of early modern Spanish medicine on a new footing in the English-speaking world.
Medical Data Analysis and Processing using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Explainable AI (XAI) for Engineering Applications)
by Om Prakash Jena Mrutyunjaya Panda Utku KoseThe text presents concepts of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in solving real world biomedical and healthcare problems. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in diverse fields of engineering including electrical, electronics and communication, computer, and biomedical. Presents explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) based machine analytics and deep learning in medical science. Discusses explainable artificial intelligence (XA)I with the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for healthcare applications. Covers algorithms, tools, and frameworks for explainable artificial intelligence on medical data. Explores the concepts of natural language processing and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) on medical data processing. Discusses machine learning and deep learning scalability models in healthcare systems. This text focuses on data driven analysis and processing of advanced methods and techniques with the help of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) algorithms. It covers machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT), and deep learning algorithms based on XAI techniques for medical data analysis and processing. The text will present different dimensions of XAI based computational intelligence applications. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and biomedical engineering.
Medical Data Privacy Handbook
by Aris Gkoulalas-Divanis Grigorios LoukidesThis handbook covers Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems, which enable the storage, management, and sharing of massive amounts of demographic, diagnosis, medication, and genomic information. It presents privacy-preserving methods for medical data, ranging from laboratory test results to doctors' comments. The reuse of EMR data can greatly benefit medical science and practice, but must be performed in a privacy-preserving way according to data sharing policies and regulations. Written by world-renowned leaders in this field, each chapter offers a survey of a research direction or a solution to problems in established and emerging research areas. The authors explore scenarios and techniques for facilitating the anonymization of different types of medical data, as well as various data mining tasks. Other chapters present methods for emerging data privacy applications and medical text de-identification, including detailed surveys of deployed systems. A part of the book is devoted to legislative and policy issues, reporting on the US and EU privacy legislation and the cost of privacy breaches in the healthcare domain. This reference is intended for professionals, researchers and advanced-level students interested in safeguarding medical data.
Medical Decision Making
by Stefan Felder Thomas MayrhoferThis textbook offers a comprehensive theory of medical decision making under uncertainty, combining informative test theory with the expected utility hypothesis. The book shows how the parameters of Bayes' theorem can be combined with a value function of health states to arrive at informed test and treatment decisions. The authors distinguish between risk neutral, risk averse and prudent decision makers and demonstrate the effects of risk preferences on physicians' decisions. They analyze individual tests, multiple tests and endogenous tests where the test result is determined by the decision maker. Finally, the topic is examined in the context of health economics by introducing a trade-off between enjoying health and consuming other goods, so that the extent of treatment and thus the potential improvement in the patient's health become endogenous.
Medical Decision Making
by Stefan Felder Thomas MayrhoferThis textbook offers a comprehensive analysis of medical decision making under uncertainty by combining Test Information Theory with Expected Utility Theory. The book shows how the parameters of Bayes' theorem can be combined with a value function of health states to arrive at informed test and treatment decisions. The authors distinguish between risk-neutral, risk-averse and prudent decision makers and demonstrate the effects of risk preferences on physicians' decisions. They analyze individual tests, multiple tests and endogenous tests where the test outcome is chosen by the decision maker. Moreover, the topic is examined in the context of health economics by introducing a trade-off between enjoying health and consuming other goods, so that the extent of treatment and thus the potential improvement in the patient's health becomes endogenous. Finally, non-expected utility models of choice under risk and uncertainty (i. e. ambiguity) are presented. While these models can explain observed test and treatment decisions, they are not suitable for normative analyses aimed at providing guidance on medical decision making.
Medical Decision Making: A Health Economic Primer
by Stefan Felder Thomas MayrhoferThis textbook offers a comprehensive analysis of medical decision-making under uncertainty by combining test information theory with expected utility theory. The authors show how the parameters of Bayes’ theorem can be combined with a value function of health states in order to arrive at informed test and treatment decisions in the face of diagnostic and therapeutic risks. Distinguishing between risk-neutral, risk-averse, and prudent decision-makers, they demonstrate the effects of risk preferences on medical decisions. Furthermore, they analyze individual and multiple tests as well as diagnostic models in which the decision-maker chooses the test outcome. The consequences of test and treatment decisions for the patient are encompassed by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the standard economic model, which applies the willingness to pay for health approach. Lastly, non-expected utility models of choice under risk and uncertainty are presented. Although these models can explain some of the test and treatment decisions observed, they are less suitable for normative analyses aimed at providing guidance on medical decision-making. This third edition provides extensively revised versions of all chapters and reflects recent innovations in medical decision-making such as decision curve analysis. New chapters focus on the health economics of and revealed preferences in medical decisions. The book is intended for students of (health) economics and medicine as well as for medical decision-makers and physicians dealing with uncertainty in their test and treatment decisions.
Medical Decision Making
by Alan Schwartz George BergusDecision making is a key activity, perhaps the most important activity, in the practice of healthcare. Although physicians acquire a great deal of knowledge and specialised skills during their training and through their practice, it is in the exercise of clinical judgement and its application to individual patients that the outstanding physician is distinguished. This has become even more relevant as patients become increasingly welcomed as partners in a shared decision making process. This book translates the research and theory from the science of decision making into clinically useful tools and principles that can be applied by clinicians in the field. It considers issues of patient goals, uncertainty, judgement, choice, development of new information, and family and social concerns in healthcare. It helps to demystify decision theory by emphasizing concepts and clinical cases over mathematics and computation.
Medical Decision Making
by Harold C. Sox Michael C. Higgins Douglas K. OwensThis book clearly demonstrates how to best make medical decisions while incorporating clinical practice guidelines and decision support systems for electronic medical record systems. New to this edition is how medical decision making ideas are being incorporated into clinical decision support systems in electronic medical records and also how they are being used to shape practice guidelines and policies.
Medical Decision Making
by Harold C. Sox Michael C. Higgins Douglas K. Owens Gillian Sanders SchmidlerMEDICAL DECISION MAKING Detailed resource showing how to best make medical decisions while incorporating clinical practice guidelines and decision support systems Sir William Osler, a legendary physician of an earlier era, once said, “Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability.” In Osler’s day, and now, decisions about treatment often cannot wait until the diagnosis is certain. Medical Decision Making is about how to make the best possible decision given that uncertainty. The book shows how to tailor decisions under uncertainty to achieve the best outcome based on published evidence, features of a patient’s illness, and the patient’s preferences. Medical Decision Making describes a powerful framework for helping clinicians and their patients reach decisions that lead to outcomes that the patient prefers. That framework contains the key principles of patient-centered decision-making in clinical practice. Since the first edition of Medical Decision Making in 1988, the authors have focused on explaining key concepts and illustrating them with clinical examples. For the Third Edition, every chapter has been revised and updated. Written by four distinguished and highly qualified authors, Medical Decision Making includes information on: How to consider the possible causes of a patient’s illness and decide on the probability of the most important diagnoses. How to measure the accuracy of a diagnostic test. How to help patients express their concerns about the risks that they face and how an illness may affect their lives. How to describe uncertainty about how an illness may change over time. How to construct and analyze decision trees. How to identify the threshold for doing a test or starting treatment How to apply these concepts to the design of practice guidelines and medical policy making. Medical Decision Making is a valuable resource for clinicians, medical trainees, and students of decision analysis who wish to fully understand and apply the principles of decision making to clinical practice.
The Medical Detectives: The Classic Collection of Award-Winning Medical Investigative Reporting
by Berton Roueche Berton Rouche<p>What do Lyme’s disease in Long Island, a pig from New Jersey, and am amateur pianist have in common? All are subjects in three of 24 utterly fascinating tales of strange illnesses, rare diseases, poisons, and parasites—each tale a thriller of medical suspense by the incomparable Berton Roueché. The best of his New Yorker articles are collected here to astound readers with intriguing tales of epidemics in America’s small towns, threats of contagion in our biggest cities, even bubonic plague in a peaceful urban park. <p>In each true story, local health authorities and epidemiologists race against time to find the clue to an unknown and possibly fatal disease. Sometimes a life hangs in the balance, and the culprit may be as innocuous as a bowl of oatmeal. Award-winning journalist Berton Roueché is unfailingly exact, informative, and able to keep anyone reading till dawn.</p>
Medical Device Design for Six Sigma
by Khalid S. Mekki Basem El-HaikThe first comprehensive guide to the integration of Design for Six Sigma principles in the medical devices development cycleMedical Device Design for Six Sigma: A Road Map for Safety and Effectiveness presents the complete body of knowledge for Design for Six Sigma (DFSS), as outlined by American Society for Quality, and details how to integrate appropriate design methodologies up front in the design process. DFSS helps companies shorten lead times, cut development and manufacturing costs, lower total life-cycle cost, and improve the quality of the medical devices. Comprehensive and complete with real-world examples, this guide:Integrates concept and design methods such as Pugh Controlled Convergence approach, QFD methodology, parameter optimization techniques like Design of Experiment (DOE), Taguchi Robust Design method, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Design for X, Multi-Level Hierarchical Design methodology, and Response Surface methodologyCovers contemporary and emerging design methods, including Axiomatic Design Principles, Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), and Tolerance DesignProvides a detailed, step-by-step implementation process for each DFSS tool includedCovers the structural, organizational, and technical deployment of DFSS within the medical device industryIncludes a DFSS case study describing the development of a new devicePresents a global prospective of medical device regulationsProviding both a road map and a toolbox, this is a hands-on reference for medical device product development practitioners, product/service development engineers and architects, DFSS and Six Sigma trainees and trainers, middle management, engineering team leaders, quality engineers and quality consultants, and graduate students in biomedical engineering.
Medical Device Guidelines and Regulations Handbook
by Prakash Srinivasan Timiri Shanmugam Pugazhenthan Thangaraju Nandakumar Palani Thamizharasan SampathThis comprehensive resource features in-depth discussions of important guidelines and regulations needed to understand and properly meet medical device code-related requirements. Focusing on the practical application of the regulations, the Medical Device Guidelines and Regulations Handbook delivers clear explanations, real-world examples, and annotation on the applicable provisions that will allow you to safely and confidently choose materials and processes for medical device development, testing, and manufacturing. A critical resource for researchers and professionals in the medical device field;Thoroughly covers ISO 10993, ISO 22442, ISO 14971, ISO 13485, ISO 21534, REACH, RoHS, CLP, EU MDR;Presents simplified guidelines and regulation points.
Medical Device Packaging Handbook, Revised and Expanded
by Max ShermanThis volume details current developments in industry practices and standards relating to medical device packaging. This edition offers entirely new as well as revised chapters on packaging materials, package validation and methods and integrity testing, bar-coding technology, environmentally sound packaging and disposal procedures, storage autoclave sytems, international standards, customer needs, regulatory aspects, and more.
The Medical Device R&D Handbook
by Theodore R. KucklickExploring the practical, entrepreneurial, and historical aspects of medical device development, this second edition of The Medical Device R&D Handbook provides a how-to guide for medical device product development. The book offers knowledge of practical skills such as prototyping, plastics selection, and catheter construction, allowing designer
Medical Device Safety: The Regulation of Medical Devices for Public Health and Safety
by G.R HigsonMedical Device Safety: The Regulation of Medical Devices for Public Health and Safety examines the prospects for achieving global harmonization in medical device regulation and describes a possible future global system. Unresolved difficulties are discussed while solutions are proposed. An essential book for all those involved in health physics, en
Medical Device Use Error: Root Cause Analysis
by Erin Davis Michael Wiklund Andrea DwyerMedical Device Use Error: Root Cause Analysis offers practical guidance on how to methodically discover and explain the root cause of a use error-a mistake-that occurs when someone uses a medical device. Covering medical devices used in the home and those used in clinical environments, the book presents informative case studies about the use errors
Medical Devices: European Union Policymaking and the Implementation of Health and Patient Safety in France
by Christa AltenstetterMedical devices are the bread and butter from which health care and clinical research are derived. Such devices are used for patient care, genetic testing, clinical trials, and experimental clinical investigations. Without medical devices, there is no clinical research or patient care. Without life-adjusting devices, there are no medical procedures or surgery. Without life-saving and life-maintaining devices, there is no improvement in well-being and quality of life. Without innovative medical devices and experimentation, there can be no medical progress or patient safety. Medical devices and medical technology are used to create or support many different products and medical-surgical procedures. This volume on the regulation of medical devices in the European Union, with a focus on France, tackles a topic of interdisciplinary interest and significance for policymakers in countries around the globe. The EU regulatory regime is one of three global regional regimes, and medical products manufactured in EU countries are sold worldwide. As countries confront an aging population on a global scale, with associated increases in chronic diseases, physical handicaps, and multi-morbidity, there will inevitably be an increase in the demand for health services and, concomitantly, the use of medical devices in medical and surgical procedures. This will be the case regardless of whether services are delivered in hospitals, doctors' offices, or at home. The associated risks of a particular device will be the same whatever the country of origin for the device, or where the need occurs. Revolutionary medical advances increase diagnostic capabilities, but they increase the potential of harm and risks to patients. Medical technologies and devices are used ethically most of the time; yet they have the potential for unethical use when scientific medicine is elevated over human life and death. Assumptions that are taken for granted can be dangerous to a patient's health. That is why our understanding of appropriate and effective regulation of medical devices is significant to all people on all continents.
Medical Devices: Improving Health Care Through a Multidisciplinary Approach (Research for Development)
by Sergio Cerutti Carlo Boccato Joerg VienkenThis book provides caregivers and administrators with high-quality support for strategic decision making in the selection and use of medical devices so as to ensure value optimization. Medical treatment is increasingly complex, with wide application of medical devices and corresponding involvement of physics and engineering. A multidisciplinary methodology that brings together expertise from key disciplines in a holistic, system-oriented approach is essential in controlling this complexity and further improving health care. This book will help readers to understand the design, validation, and application of medical devices and the standards and regulations that apply to them across the world. In addition, it provides technical, operational, and economic perspectives on their use. The relevance of concepts such as expenditure optimization and sustainability to medical device technology is explained and healthcare reimbursement systems are discussed from different points of view. Readers will gain a clear appreciation of the managerial and economic implications of the use of medical devices and how to get the most out of them. Academic research, industrial experiences, and case studies are presented as appropriate.
Medical Devices: A Practical Guide (Crc Press Focus Shortform Book Program Ser.)
by Prakash Srinivasan Timiri ShanmugamAn overview of the wide variety of medical devices that are an integral part of clinical practice, this practical book includes descriptions of medical devices by both clinical specialty and purpose, thus ensuring that a wide variety of devices are included. Covering important elements such as body contact, duration of contact, the mechanism of each device, its intended use, single and/or multiple use, benefits and any side/adverse/toxicological effects to the patient, and how to avoid user error, and authored by clinicians, researchers and educators who are experienced in medical device use, regulation and research, the content will be of benefit to postgraduate clinicians and employees of medical device companies.
Medical Devices and Biomaterials for the Developing World
by Olumurejiwa A. Fatunde Sujata K. BhatiaThis book focuses on the adoption of medical technology in the developing world, and the role that can be played by new biomaterials. These authors urge that advanced technology be aligned with the needs of developing and emerging markets, and an alternative definition of technology be embraced. This "new technology" considers natural sources of materials and tools for treatment and is not restricted to the usual traditional computerized or electronic technology. This book explores the difficulties that accompany successful transfer of technologies between disparate settings. The book then leaves the world of traditional technology and focuses on biomaterials, which represent an enormous opportunity for developing societies to become active participants in the development of new technologies. Biomaterials can be used in the treatment of disease throughout the developing world and beyond. Biomaterials encompass a range of naturally derived substances; of particular interest here are naturally derived and synthetically manufactured materials with potential applications in different body systems. Because many of these materials can be grown, the agricultural output of developing nations is an obvious potential source of these biomaterials. The book considers the cases of Ghana and Nicaragua as examples of the broader situation in West Africa and Central/South America. These two regions are uniquely positioned with regard to both health care and technological capabilities, and both stand to grow significantly in the coming years. While the agricultural sectors of the two nations are quite different, both are major producers of corn and other materials that should be investigated further. Of course, the difficulty in using a foodstuff for medical purposes is fully explored.
Medical Devices and In Vitro Diagnostics: Requirements in Europe (Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering)
by Christian Baumgartner Johann Harer Jörg SchröttnerThis updatable reference work gives a comprehensive overview of all relevant regulatory information and requirements for manufacturers and distributors around medical and in-vitro diagnostic devices in Europe. These individual requirements are presented in a practice-oriented manner, providing the reader with a concrete guide to implementation with main focus on the EU medical device regulations, such as MDR 2017/745 and IVD-R 2017/746, and the relevant standards, such as the ISO 13485, ISO 14971, among others. This book offers a good balance of expert knowledge, empirical values and practice-proven methods. Not only it provides readers with a quick overview about the most important requirements in the medical device sector, yet it shows concrete and proven ways in which these requirements can be implemented in practice. It addresses medical manufacturing companies, professionals in development, production, and quality assurance departments, and technical and medical students who are preparing themselves for a professional career in the medical technlogy industries.
Medical Devices and the Public's Health: The FDA 510(k) Clearance Process at 35 Years
by Committee on the Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 510(k) Clearance ProcessMedical devices that are deemed to have a moderate risk to patients generally cannot go on the market until they are cleared through the FDA 510(k) process. In recent years, individuals and organizations have expressed concern that the 510(k) process is neither making safe and effective devices available to patients nor promoting innovation in the medical-device industry. Several high-profile mass-media reports and consumer-protection groups have profiled recognized or potential problems with medical devices cleared through the 510(k) clearance process. The medical-device industry and some patients have asserted that the process has become too burdensome and is delaying or stalling the entry of important new medical devices to the market. At the request of the FDA, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined the 510(k) process. Medical Devices and the Public's Health examines the current 510(k) clearance process and whether it optimally protects patients and promotes innovation in support of public health. It also identifies legislative, regulatory, or administrative changes that will achieve the goals of the 510(k) clearance process. Medical Devices and the Public's Health recommends that the U. S. Food and Drug Administration gather the information needed to develop a new regulatory framework to replace the 35-year-old 510(k) clearance process for medical devices. According to the report, the FDA's finite resources are best invested in developing an integrated premarket and postmarket regulatory framework.