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Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
by Abdeslem El Idrissi Dan McCloskeyThis book brings together the exciting new findings that will bring us closer to a better understanding of the alterations of neuronal connectivity in autistic brains. This volume authoritatively covers the epidemiology, physiology, neurodevelopment, genetics, environmental influences, imaging studies, neuroanatomy, and neurochemistry of autism spectrum disorders. While the neurobiology of autism is still a long way from being understood, this book posits techniques, such as using brain imaging to find signatures in early days of life, that could help move the diagnosis and help identify neural pathways. Understanding these mechanisms opens the possibility to pharmacological, behavioral, and psychosocial therapeutic interventions. With contributions from the leading international autism researchers, Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders is the go-to reference for researchers and clinicians with an interest in understanding the underlying neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders.
The Neurobiology of Childhood
by Susan L. Andersen Daniel S. PineDuring the past years there has been rapid progress in the understanding of how early life stress impacts psychopathology in children. The first two parts of this book present the basic principles of brain development and describe the most important neuronal systems This includes systems involved in emotion processing, cognitive control, and social processes These first two general sections are followed by an overview about recent research on various neuronal and psychiatric disorders, where environmental exposures and altered brain development play an important role: sleep, autism, ADHD and other developmental forms of psychopathology.
The Neurobiology of Childhood (Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences #16)
by Susan L. Andersen and Daniel S. PineDuring the past years there has been rapid progress in the understanding of how early life stress impacts psychopathology in children. The first two parts of this book present the basic principles of brain development and describe the most important neuronal systems. This includes systems involved in emotion processing, cognitive control, and social processes. These first two general sections are followed by an overview about recent research on various neuronal and psychiatric disorders, where environmental exposures and altered brain development play an important role: sleep, autism, ADHD and other developmental forms of psychopathology.
Neurobiology of Grooming Behavior
by Allan V. Kalueff Justin L. Laporte Carisa L. BergnerGrooming is among the most evolutionary ancient and highly represented behaviours in many animal species. It represents a significant proportion of an animal's total activity and between 30-50% of their waking hours. Recent research has demonstrated that grooming is regulated by specific brain circuits and is sensitive to stress, as well as to pharmacologic compounds and genetic manipulation, making it ideal for modelling affective disorders that arise as a function of stressful environments, such as stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Over a series of 12 chapters that introduce and explicate the field of grooming research and its significance for the human and animal brain, this book covers the breadth of grooming animal models while simultaneously providing sufficient depth in introducing the concepts and translational approaches to grooming research. Written primarily for graduates and researchers within the neuroscientific community.
Neurobiology of Interval Timing
by Hugo Merchant Victor De LafuenteThe study of how the brain processes temporal information is becoming one of the most important topics in systems, cellular, computational, and cognitive neuroscience, as well as in the physiological bases of music and language. During the last and current decade, interval timing has been intensively studied in humans and animals using increasingly sophisticated methodological approaches. The present book will bring together the latest information gathered from this exciting area of research, putting special emphasis on the neural underpinnings of time processing in behaving human and non-human primates. Thus, Neurobiology of Interval Timing will integrate for the first time the current knowledge of both animal behavior and human cognition of the passage of time in different behavioral context, including the perception and production of time intervals, as well as rhythmic activities, using different experimental and theoretical frameworks. The book will the composed of chapters written by the leading experts in the fields of psychophysics, functional imaging, system neurophysiology, and musicology. This cutting-edge scientific work will integrate the current knowledge of the neurobiology of timing behavior putting in perspective the current hypothesis of how the brain quantifies the passage of time across a wide variety of critical behaviors.
The Neurobiology of Learning: Perspectives From Second Language Acquisition (Language Learning Monograph Ser.)
by John H. Schumann Sheila E. Crowell Nancy E. Jones Namhee Lee Sara Ann SchuchertThis book constitutes a timely contribution to the existing literature by presenting a relatively comprehensive, neurobiological account of certain aspects of second language acquisition. It represents the collaborative efforts of members of the Neurobiology of Language Research Group in the Applied Linguistics and TESL Department at UCLA. Members of the group are trained in neurobiology and then use this knowledge to develop biological accounts of various aspects of applied linguistics.The volume avoids the corticocentric bias that characterizes many brain-language publications--both cortical and subcortical structures receive their appropriate attention. In addition, it demonstrates that enough is presently known about the brain to inform our conceptualizations of how humans acquire second languages, thus, it provides a refreshingly novel, highly integrative contribution to the (second) language acquisition literature.The goal of the research program was based on the need to draw more links between the neurobiological mechanisms and second language acquisition. As such, the book promotes a neurobiology of language that starts with the brain and moves to behavior. The fundamental insights presented should guide second language acquisition researchers for years to come.
Neurobiology of Motor Control: Fundamental Concepts and New Directions
by Ansgar Büschges Scott L. HooperA multi-disciplinary look at the current state of knowledge regarding motor control and movement—from molecular biology to robotics The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the number of sophisticated tools and methodologies for exploring motor control and movement. Multi-unit recordings, molecular neurogenetics, computer simulation, and new scientific approaches for studying how muscles and body anatomy transform motor neuron activity into movement have helped revolutionize the field. Neurobiology of Motor Control brings together contributions from an interdisciplinary group of experts to provide a review of the current state of knowledge about the initiation and execution of movement, as well as the latest methods and tools for investigating them. The book ranges from the findings of basic scientists studying model organisms such as mollusks and Drosophila, to biomedical researchers investigating vertebrate motor production to neuroengineers working to develop robotic and smart prostheses technologies. Following foundational chapters on current molecular biological techniques, neuronal ensemble recording, and computer simulation, it explores a broad range of related topics, including the evolution of motor systems, directed targeted movements, plasticity and learning, and robotics. Explores motor control and movement in a wide variety of organisms, from simple invertebrates to human beings Offers concise summaries of motor control systems across a variety of animals and movement types Explores an array of tools and methodologies, including electrophysiological techniques, neurogenic and molecular techniques, large ensemble recordings, and computational methods Considers unresolved questions and how current scientific advances may be used to solve them going forward Written specifically to encourage interdisciplinary understanding and collaboration, and offering the most wide-ranging, timely, and comprehensive look at the science of motor control and movement currently available, Neurobiology of Motor Control is a must-read for all who study movement production and the neurobiological basis of movement—from molecular biologists to roboticists.
The Neurobiology of Orthodontics
by Margaritis Z. PimenidisThis book presents the neurobiology of orthodontics according to the most recently acquired knowledge on the interaction of the brain activity with the senses. In particular, it highlights the ability of orofacial sensory input to modulate and change the brain activity underlying functions of the stomatognathic system, such as chewing, biting, speech, and occlusal feedback. The approach adopted thereby represents a significant departure from traditional orthodontics, in which malocclusions of the teeth have been interpreted as deriving from DNA coding errors. The described new conceptualization of the etiology and diagnosis of malocclusions has profound implications for orthodontic therapy, as is clearly explained. Orthodontic therapy in turn has significant effects on the brain, which are documented in a chapter devoted to neuroimaging methods. By opening up new and creative pathways in the world of orthodontics, this book will hopefully both educate and excite the practitioner. It is recommended reading for all orthodontists.
Neurobiology of Respiration
by Mieczyslaw PokorskiRespiration is an area of the medical study that undergoes fast developments. A better understanding of the neural and cellular mechanisms underlying respiratory disorders and lung function is essential for the evidence-based pharmacotherapy and for optimizing the patient care and prophylactic measures to improve the health and quality of life. This comprehensive book is a blend of basic and clinical research. The book is thought to promote the translation of science into clinical practice. The book presents an update on the areas of current research and clinical interest in the neurobiology of the respiratory system. Recent innovations in detection and management of respiratory diseases are described. The book will be a base of reference in the field of respiration for years to come and a source of future research ideas. This book is a required text for respiratory scientists, neuropathologists, and for clinicians searching for 'bench to bedside' treatments of lung diseases.
Neurobiopsychosocial Perspectives on Aggression and Violence: From Biology to Law Enforcement (Advances in Preventing and Treating Violence and Aggression)
by József HallerThis book bridges the gap between basic science, which deals with general concepts of aggression and its neurobiological foundations, and law enforcement as one of the applied fields of aggression research. It addresses the current state of research and practice and compares and integrates the concept of aggression with violent crime. Chapters examine the types of criminal careers that cross the boundary between the two and summarize the biological, psychological, and social factors that underlie particular types of criminal careers. Subsequent chapters discuss overlaps between biological and psychological factors and detail how and to what extent aggression may serve as explanatory mechanisms for violence. The book also discusses the relationship between social problems and neuropsychological deficits, addressing how the neuropsychological deficits lead to the intergenerational recycling of social problems. Finally, the volume explores violence and aggression from a neurobiological perspective. Topics featured in this book include:The heritability of aggressiveness and violence-proneness.Glucocorticoids in humans.Aggression circuitry in animals.Distorted circuitry in violent animals.Biological factors of psychological change. Neurobiopsychosocial Perspectives on Aggression and Violence is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians and other professionals, and graduate students in forensic psychology, criminology/criminal justice, public health, developmental psychology, psychotherapy/counseling, psychiatry, social work, educational policy and politics, health psychology, nursing, and behavioral therapy/rehabilitation.
Neuroblastoma: Discoveries and Challenges (Pediatric Oncology)
by Shahab Asgharzadeh Frank WestermannThis book provides a state-of-the-art review of the biology, treatment, and other critical aspects of neuroblastoma, reflecting the dramatic advances that have been achieved in understanding and management. Topics are arranged according to the book’s dominant themes of the “seed” (tumor genomics, epigenetics, metabolism, and stem cells) and the “soil” (tumor microenvironment, adaptive and innate immunity, and exosomes) and how both of these influences can serve as rich targets for intervention, whether by targeted molecular therapy or immunotherapy. Therapeutic strategies that are currently in use or under consideration for the future are discussed in detail, with the focus on precision medicine. Further individual chapters are devoted to the biology and genetics of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma and emerging methods of evaluating tumor burden. Finally, in keeping with the, albeit modest, increase in cure rates in high-risk disease, immune and cellular therapies are reviewed. This coverage of what is becoming a not-so-enigmatic tumor will appeal to a broad readership including both experimental oncologists and clinicians who care for patients with neuroblastoma.
Neuroblastoma
by M. A. HayatIntroduction of new technologies and their applications to neuroblastoma diagnosis, treatment, and therapy assessment are explained. Role of molecular ghenetics in diagnosis and therapy for neuroblastoma patients is detailed. Molecular detection of minimal residual neuroblastoma is described. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy are detailed for diagnosing this solid, extracranial cancer. Targets for therapeutic intervention in neuroblastoma are identified, including targeting multidrug resistance in this cancer. Ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines are novel targets for therapeutic intervention. The effectiveness of chemotherapy with oral irinotecan and temozolomide is explained. The role of transcription factors (GATA) in neuroblastoma pregression is also included.
Neuroblastoma: Clinical and Surgical Management
by Sabine Sarnacki Luca PioThis book addresses neuroblastoma, a type of embryonic tumor derived from neural crest cells and one of the most frequent extra-cranial solid tumors in children. However, the term also describes a heterogeneous group of tumors, the prognosis of which can differ greatly according to age, stage and biology. Some forms undergo spontaneous regression, and some are cured by surgery alone or after chemo-reduction, while others exhibit extremely aggressive behavior. Their successful treatment is one of the best examples of tailored medicine, which involves close collaboration between pediatric surgeons, pediatric oncologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine specialists, biologists, oncogeneticists and radiotherapists. The book pursues a unique approach, as it combines most essential insights from all of these fields, together with key information regarding epidemiology, physiopathology and palliative care. The respective chapters were written by the leading international experts on neuroblastoma, and present the latest advances in terms of research, surgical approaches and medical treatments. The book offers an invaluable resource to all pediatric surgeons, pediatricians, oncologists, students, researchers and all others involved in neuroblastoma management who want to benefit from their colleagues’ expertise.
Neurobrucellosis
by Oreste De Divitiis Fuad Sami Haddad Mehmet TurgutThis book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of neurobrucellosis, which remains common despite significant improvements in preventive measures, neuroradiological techniques, and treatment methods. The chapters are organized into five sections, the first three of which address cranial and intracranial brucellosis, spinal brucellosis, and brucellosis of the peripheral portions of the nervous system. The fourth section focuses on laboratory studies in neurobrucellosis, and the closing section is devoted to therapy, encompassing both medical approaches and the surgical procedures used to treat the complications associated with brucellosis involving the spine, brain, and peripheral nerves. Despite the impressive efforts to eradicate the disease, brucellosis still poses a great threat in the Mediterranean Basin, where it originated, as well as in South and Central America, the Caribbean, and Africa. Written and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this comprehensive book will be an ideal up-to-date reference for neurosurgeons, neurologists, and specialists in infectious disease who are seeking either basic or more advanced information on the disease and its diagnosis and treatment.
Neurochemical Aspects of Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Akhlaq A. FarooquiCollectively, neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic and progressive loss of neurons in discrete areas of the brain, producing debilitating symptoms such as dementia, loss of memory, loss of sensory or motor capability, decreased overall quality of life eventually leading to premature death. Two types of cell death are known to occur during neurodegeneration: (a) apoptosis and (b) necrosis. The necrosis is characterized by the passive cell swelling, intense mitochondrial damage with rapid loss of ATP, alterations in neural membrane permeability, high calcium influx, and disruption of ion homeostasis. This type of cell death leads to membrane lysis and release of intracellular components that induce inflammatory reactions. Necrotic cell death normally occurs at the core of injury site. In contrast, apoptosis is an active process in which caspases (a group of endoproteases with specificity for aspartate residues in protein) are stimulated. Apoptotic cell death is accompanied by cell shrinkage, dynamic membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA laddering, loss of phospholipids asymmetry, low ATP levels, and mild calcium overload. This type of cell death normally occurs in penumbral region at the ischemic injury site and in different regions in various neurodegenerative diseases.
The Neurochemical Basis of Autism
by Gene J. BlattThe Neurochemical Basis of Autism: From Molecules to Minicolumns is a uniquely interdisciplinary text that presents the latest findings regarding the physiological, neuropathological, neurochemical and clinical elements of autism. This book contains an array of unique perspectives on autism from top researchers, beginning with a clinical perspective that discusses etiologies, early identification, advancements in care and associated disorders. It then covers topics such as neuropathological changes in autism to the pre- and post-natal development timing of the disorder, changes in the cerebellum in autism, the role of oxytocin in autism, the relationship of oxidative stress and autism, and a comprehensive review of pharmacotherapies, as well as the hypotheses being used to explore its causes and cures. Lay abstracts make this book as accessible to the parents and caretakers of autistic children as it is indispensable to the scientists, researchers and clinicians on the front line of this affliction.
Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease
by John P. BlassThis newest volume of Advances in Neurobiology deals with the Neurochemistry of disease, with chapters covering both human diseases and animal "model" diseases.
Neurochemical Systems and Signaling: From Molecules to Networks
by Ghulam AshrafThe human brain is made up of billions of neurons that communicate with each other through chemical messengers, which are referred to as neuroactive substances. These neuroactive substances include neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. Some neurotransmitters also act as neuromodulators and neurohormones. It is unlikely that there would ever be a consensus about the meanings of these neuroactive substances, including neurotransmitters, since the term ‘neurotransmitter’ has traditionally been used very loosely indeed, to include neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuromodulators. Any alterations in the functioning of these neuroactive substances can cause diseases. The brain is the ultimate center that regulates all neurological and behavioral aspects of the body through neuronal communications mediated via various neurochemicals. Thus, neurological and psychiatric disorders are, in most cases, the result of disturbed neurochemical balance. Besides the multifaceted involvement of billions of neuronal cells, the central nervous system is a complex organization with a diverse number of neurotransmitter systems, as compared to the autonomic nervous system, in which the parasympathetic system works on the ‘rest and digest’ phenomenon, and the sympathetic system works on the ‘fight or flight’ phenomenon. There are more than 20 neurotransmitter systems and multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter. Any alterations in neurochemical balance are expressed in the form of neurological or psychiatric disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, depression, etc. Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-HT are of the utmost importance among neurotransmitters for their profound role in the pathogenesis of various neurological and psychiatric disorders in humans. Yet the involvement of various proteins and peptides, such as neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and endogenous chemical compounds, cannot be ignored. Day by day, the suffering of people due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters is increasing. Various factors, for example stress, diet, genetics, and toxins such as alcohol and nicotine, contribute to this imbalance. This imbalance may lead to mental health complaints. The main purpose of this book is to give a comprehensive overview of the neurological diseases associated with neurochemical imbalances. This book will help readers gain a comprehensive understanding of neuronal signaling and related neurological disorders, as well as status and future opportunities and challenges. It will provide a brief account of neurotransmission, as either a study or high-yield revision aid.
Neurochemistry & Clinical Disorders (Routledge Revivals)
by Fuad Lechin Bertha van der DijsFirst Published in 1989, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide to neurochemistry in certain mental health conditions and psychosomatic syndromes. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Neurochemistry in Clinical Practice
by Pradeep C. BolluThis book offers a comprehensive overview of the most important neurochemicals and approaches everything from the neurochemical’s perspective. It attempts to integrate the biochemical pathways of synthesis and metabolism of these neurochemicals with the disease states and point out the avenues of diagnostic testing and therapeutic intervention. Each chapter focuses on a specific neurochemical and provides a brief history, the biochemical profile, metabolism, physiological functions, and the clinical aspects. The clinical part of each chapter includes a discussion on disease states with either increased or reduced activity of the neurochemical and either activation or inhibition of the relevant receptors. This book is targeted toward practitioners and students of neuroscience and is written to emphasize the importance of these neurochemicals in the brain. With this emphasis on background neurochemical processes, the readers will be pointed towards logical diagnostic studies, laboratory investigations, and therapies based on the neurochemical dysfunction that underlies various disease states.
Neurochemistry of Abused Drugs
by Steven B. KarchExtracted from the Drug Abuse Handbook, 2nd edition, to give you just the information you need at an affordable price.Beginning with a detailed look at individual drugs and their effects on the brain, Neurochemistry of Abused Drugs considers the changes in neurotransmitter levels and discusses the relationship of these
Neurochirurgie
by Nicol VaessenDe reeks 'Operatieve Zorg en Technieken' is bestemd voor de opleiding tot operatieassistent. Naast het basisboek bestaat de reeks uit een aantal vervolgdelen, waarin de verschillende subspecialismen van de chirurgie worden behandeld.Elk deel in de reeks heeft dezelfde indeling. Ieder hoofdstuk begint met een inleiding, gevolgd door een uitwerking van de pre-, per- en postoperatieve fase van de operatie. Bij alle operatiebeschrijvingen staat een vermelding van de operatie-indicatie en het doel van de operatie. De opstelling van het operatieteam wordt per operatiebeschrijving verduidelijkt door een afbeelding. Achter in het boek wordt altijd een selectie opgenomen van veelvoorkomend specifiek instrumentarium. De reeks 'Operatieve Zorg en Technieken' benadert de beroepsuitoefening van de operatieassistent zo dicht mogelijk. De talrijke afbeeldingen onderbouwen deze benadering.Neurochirurgie omvat 4 delen. In deel 1 Algemene principes en richtlijnen komen zaken aan de orde zoals apparatuur, liggingen en specifieke gebruiksmaterialen voor de neurochirurgie. Deel 2 bespreekt de aandoeningen van schedel en hersenen. Deel 3 wervelkolom en ruggenmerg. En in deel 4 wordt het perifere zenuwstelsel besproken. In de bijlage wordt uitleg gegeven over het specifieke neurochirurgisch instrumentarium. In het boek komen de meest voorkomende neurochirurgische operaties aan bod. De auteur geeft niet alleen beschrijvingen van de operaties maar ook verhelderende achtergrondinformatie. Waar nodig wordt in het begin van elk hoofdstuk aandacht besteed aan de anatomie. De vele gedetailleerde afbeeldingen verduidelijken de theorie. Neurochirurgie is bedoeld als leerboek voor de operatieassistenten in opleiding. Behalve als leerboek kan het boek dienstdoen als naslagwerk voor werkers op de ok en verpleegkundigen die werkzaam zijn op de afdeling neurochirurgie.
Neurochirurgie (Operatieve zorg en technieken)
by Nicol VaessenDit boek is een inleiding tot het specialisme neurochirurgie. Het is geschreven als studieboek voor operatieassistenten in opleiding, maar is ook van waarde voor verpleegkundigen, co-assistenten en beginnend assistenten. Neurochirurgie toont in vier delen de diversiteit van het specialisme. Het eerste deel behandelt algemene principes en richtlijnen van de neurochirurgie. Daarbij komen ook zaken aan de orde als apparatuur, liggingen en specifieke gebruiksmaterialen. Het tweede deel bespreekt de aandoeningen en operaties van schedel en hersenen, het derde deel van de wervelkolom en het ruggenmerg. Deel vier handelt over het perifere zenuwstelsel. Aan het begin van vrijwel elk hoofdstuk wordt aandacht besteed aan de anatomie. De chirurgische delen geven verder veel verhelderende achtergrondinformatie, en gedetailleerde afbeeldingen verduidelijken de theorie nog eens extra. In deze derde editie zijn twee hoofdstukken toegevoegd over breinchirurgie waarbij patiënten plaatselijk verdoofd worden. Dit zijn de zogenaamde wakkere craniotomie en de deep brain surgery (DBS). Ook gaat de auteur dieper in op navigatie, en op de anatomie en fysiologie van de wervelkolom.
Neurochirurgie bei älteren Patienten
by Eberhard Uhl Karsten SchöllerDie neurochirurgische Behandlung von Patienten, die das 65. Lebensjahr überschritten haben, weist zahlreiche Besonderheiten im Vergleich zur Behandlung jüngerer Patienten auf. Die Unterschiede, die beachtet werden sollten, sind von Experten detailliert und an der praktischen Tätigkeit orientiert in diesem Buch beschrieben. Die individuelle Belastbarkeit der Patienten muss bei allen Entscheidungen berücksichtigt werden. Das beginnt mit der Ansprache der Patienten und mit den präoperativen Maßnahmen und schließt den postoperativen Bereich bis zur Rehabilitation oder Palliativbehandlung ein. Für die wichtigsten Erkrankungen des Gehirns und der Wirbelsäule werden gezielte Empfehlungen für die Auswahl und Durchführung der Therapie gegeben. Ein eigenes Kapitel geht auf die typischen altersspezifischen Komplikationen ein.
Neurochirurgische Schmerztherapie: Schmerzsyndrome Und Therapieverfahren
by Volker TronnierDie operativen und interventionellen Verfahren der Schmerztherapie sowie die Therapie der wichtigsten Schmerzsyndrome sind systematisch und detailliert in diesem Buch dargestellt. Technik und Ausführung der einzelnen Methoden werden ausführlich beschrieben, dabei sind sowohl neuroläsionelle und neuromodulierende Verfahren als auch die neurochirurgischen Therapieoptionen bei Gesichts- und Kopfschmerzen berücksichtigt. Zahlreiche Hinweise auf Tipps und Tricks erleichtern die Durchführung und erhöhen die Sicherheit der Anwendung. Aus den publizierten Behandlungsergebnissen wird der Stellenwert der Verfahren für die möglichen Indikationen abgeleitet. Therapieempfehlungen für die einzelnen Schmerzsyndrome beziehen alle Behandlungsmodalitäten ein und ermöglichen so ein indikationsspezifisches, patientenorientiertes Vorgehen.