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Neurogeriatrie: ICF-basierte Diagnose und Behandlung
by Walter Maetzler Richard Dodel Andreas H. Jacobs Jürgen Bauer Günther Deuschl John E. MorleyIn diesem Buch werden die Funktionseinschränkungen des Alters beschrieben, die führend durch Erkrankungen des Nervensystems bedingt sind. Basierend auf der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) werden die einzelnen Themen in Bezug auf Diagnose und Therapie dargestellt. Der Behandler wird so geschult, den Fokus der Arbeits- und Denkweise der Altersmedizin nicht primär auf die Grunderkrankung, sondern auf die Funktionseinbuße zu lenken und damit das Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis einer medizinischen Maßnahme sorgfältig abzuwägen
Neuroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1175)
by Alexei Verkhratsky Margaret S. Ho Robert Zorec Vladimir ParpuraThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of neuroglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroglia are the most abundant cells in the nervous system and consist of several distinct cell types, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,and microglia. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroglia participate in the neurodegenerative process, and as such are essential players in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. Intended for researchers and students, the book presents recent advances concerning the biology of neuroglia as well as their interaction with neurons during disease progression. In addition, to highlight the function of neuroglia in different types of neurodegenerative disease, it also discusses their mechanisms and effects on protecting or damaging neurons.
Neurohistology and Imaging Techniques (Neuromethods #153)
by Wolfgang Walz Radek Pelc J. Ronald DoucetteThis volume explores major light microscopic imaging modalities that can be used to view nervous tissue, and discusses the steps needed to use each of them, and ways to interpret the data. The chapters in this book cover topics such as atlasing of insect brain; neuroanatomical tracing through fluorochrome expression; fluorescent probes for amyloids; or optical clearing for ultramicroscopy of GFP-expressing tissues. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Neurohistology and Imaging Techniques is a valuable resource for both expert and novice users of major light microscopic imaging techniques, and those interested in exploring alternate imaging tools.
Neurohospitalist Medicine
by S. Andrew Josephson W. David Freeman David J. LikoskyOver the past decade, the hospitalist model has become a dominant system for the delivery of inpatient care. Forces such as national mandates to improve safety and quality, and intense pressure to safely reduce length of hospital stays, are now exerting pressure on neurologists. To meet these challenges, a new neurohospitalist model is emerging. This is the first authoritative text to detail the advances and strategies for treating neurologic disease in a hospital setting. It includes chapters on specific acute neurologic diseases including stroke, epilepsy, neuromuscular disease and traumatic brain injury and also addresses common reasons for neurologic consultation in the hospital including encephalopathy, electrolyte disturbances and neurologic complications of pregnancy. Ethical and structural issues commonly encountered in neurologic inpatients are also addressed. This will be a key resource for any clinician or trainee caring for neurologic patients in the hospital including practising neurologists, internists and trainees across multiple subspecialities.
Neuroimaging: Anatomy Meets Function
by Nivedita Agarwal John D. PortThis book combines classic MR anatomy with current understanding of human brain function. Recent advances in neuroscience have highlighted the importance of correlating brain anatomy with underlying brain function, since the brain contains a highly sophisticated organization of anatomical and functional relationships that are not readily "visible" with standard imaging. The use of magnetic resonance imaging is rapidly increasing in the field of neuroscience, and remains at the forefront for offering insights into the normal and pathologic structure and function of the human brain. The relatively recent concepts of structural and functional connectivity make it even more important to visualize the brain as a whole rather than looking at its individual parts. This holistic approach is vital in understanding concepts such as neuroplasticity that are currently incorporated into physical and cognitive rehabilitation programs for patients with stroke or neurodegenerative diseases. Ultimately this combined approach may reduce both overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis when integrated into routine clinical routine. This book will be of interest to neuroradiologists, general radiologists and neurologists alike, as well as medical students, residents and fellows.
Neuroimaging Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias
by Hiroshi Matsuda Takashi Asada Aya Midori TokumaruThis book describes the latest modalities such as tau PET imaging for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and also provides information on handling and analyzing imaging data that is not found in other books. In addition, it introduces routine imaging studies in the management of dementia in Japan. The prevalence of dementia has increased over the past few decades, either because of greater awareness and more accurate diagnosis, or because increased longevity has created a larger population of the elderly, the age group most commonly affected. Although only clinical assessment can lead to a diagnosis of dementia, neuroimaging in dementia is recommended by most clinical guidelines, and its adjunct role has traditionally been to exclude a mass lesion rather than to support a specific diagnosis. Neuroimaging may be also helpful for developing new strategies to achieve diagnoses as early as possible for therapies aimed at slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases manifesting dementia. Under these conditions, all clinicians and researchers who are involved in neuroimaging for dementia should decide which patients to scan, when imaging patients is most useful, which modality to use, how to handle imaging data from many institutions, and which analytical tool to use. This edition comprises contributions from leading Japanese experts in their fields.
Neuroimaging in Addiction
by Elliot A. Stein Bryon AdinoffNeuroimaging in Addiction presents an up-to-date, comprehensive review of the functional and structural imaging human studies that have greatly advanced our understanding of this complex disorder. Approaching addiction from a conceptual rather than a substance-specific perspective, this book integrates broad neuropsychological constructs that consider addiction as a neuroplastic process with genetic, developmental, and substance-induced contributions.The internationally recognized contributors to this volume are leaders in clinical imaging with expertise that spans the addiction spectrum.Following a general introduction, an overview of neural circuitry and modern non-invasive imaging techniques provides the framework for subsequent chapters on reward salience, craving, stress, impulsivity and cognition. Additional topics include the use of neuroimaging for the assessment of acute drug effects, drug-induced neurotoxicity, non-substance addictive behaviors, and the application of imaging genetics to identify unique intermediate phenotypes. The book concludes with an exploration of the future promise for functional imaging as guide to the diagnosis and treatment of addictive disorders.Scientists and clinicians will find the material in this volume invaluable in their work towards understanding the addicted brain, with the overall goal of improved prevention and treatment outcomes for patients.Features a Foreword by Edythe London, Director of the Center for Addictive Behaviors, University of California at Los Angeles.
Neuroimaging in Dementia
by Philip Scheltens Frederik Barkhof António J. Bastos-Leite Nick C. FoxThis up-to-date, superbly illustrated book is a practical guide to the effective use of neuroimaging in the patient with cognitive decline. It sets out the key clinical and imaging features of the various causes of dementia and directs the reader from clinical presentation to neuroimaging and on to an accurate diagnosis whenever possible. After an introductory chapter on the clinical background, the available "toolbox" of structural and functional neuroimaging techniques is reviewed in detail, including CT, MRI and advanced MR techniques, SPECT and PET, and image analysis methods. The imaging findings in normal ageing are then discussed, followed by a series of chapters that carefully present and analyze the key findings in patients with dementias. Throughout, a practical approach is adopted, geared specifically to the needs of clinicians (neurologists, radiologists, psychiatrists, geriatricians) working in the field of dementia, for whom this book will prove an invaluable resource.
Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience
by Judith M. Rumsey Monique Ernst Husseini K. ManjiModern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Neuroimaging in Forensic Psychiatry
by Henry Greely Joseph R. SimpsonThis important volume is the first to address the use of neuroimaging in civil and criminal forensic contexts and to include discussion of prior precedents and court decisions. Equally useful for practicing psychiatrists and psychologists, it reviews both the legal and ethical consideraitons of neuroimaging.
Neuroimaging in Forensic Psychiatry: From the Clinic to the Courtroom
by Joseph R. SimpsonThis important volume is the first to address the use of neuroimaging in civil and criminal forensic contexts and to include discussion of prior precedents and court decisions. Equally useful for practicing psychiatrists and psychologists, it reviews both the legal and ethical consideraitons of neuroimaging.
Neuroimaging in Psychiatry
by Carl Senior Cynthia H Y Fu Tamara A Russell Daniel Weinberger Robin MurrayNew neuroimaging techniques are developing at a break neck pace-every academic journal contains glossy pictures of brain activity corresponding to a particular task emblazoned in glorious technicolor. Discoveries about brain function in psychiatric disorders have been made at an equally rapid rate. However, most books on the subject have been writt
Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia
by Martha E. Shenton Marek KubickiThis comprehensive book explains the importance of imaging techniques in exploring and understanding the role of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. The findings obtained using individual imaging modalities and their biological interpretation are reviewed in detail, and updates are provided on methodology, testable hypotheses, limitations, and new directions for research. The coverage also includes important recent applications of neuroimaging to schizophrenia, for example in relation to non-pharmacological interventions, brain development, genetics, and prediction of treatment response and outcome. Written by world renowned experts in the field, the book will be invaluable to all who wish to learn about the newest and most important developments in neuroimaging research in schizophrenia, how these developments relate to the last 30 years of research, and how they can be leveraged to bring us closer to a cure for this devastating disorder. Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia will assist clinicians in navigating what is an extremely complex field and will be a source of insight and stimulation for researchers.
The Neuroimaging of Brain Diseases: Structural and Functional Advances (Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience)
by Christophe HabasNotable experts in the field of neuroimaging provide comprehensive overviews of advances in functional and structural aspects of both common and uncommon brain disorders. Functional imaging is evolving quickly but researchers and clinicians do not always have a strong understanding of the fundamental basis of the imaging techniques that they use. By focusing on both structure and function this book will provide a strong foundation for emerging developments in the field.
Neuroimaging of Consciousness
by Andrea Eugenio Cavanna Andrea Nani Hal Blumenfeld Steven LaureysWithin the field of neuroscience, the past few decades have witnessed an exponential growth of research into the brain mechanisms underlying both normal and pathological states of consciousness in humans. The development of sophisticated imaging techniques to visualize and map brain activity in vivo has opened new avenues in our understanding of the pathological processes involved in common neuropsychiatric disorders affecting consciousness, such as epilepsy, coma, vegetative states, dissociative disorders, and dementia. This book presents the state of the art in neuroimaging exploration of the brain correlates of the alterations in consciousness across these conditions, with a particular focus on the potential applications for diagnosis and management. Although the book has a practical approach and is primarily targeted at neurologists, neuroradiologists, and psychiatrists, it will also serve as an essential reference for a wide range of researchers and health care professionals.
Neuroimaging of Covid-19. First Insights based on Clinical Cases
by Simonetta GereviniThis book presents the variability of the effects of Covid-19 on the nervous system (NS), with the purpose to update content and images based on improved scientific evidence. Current available data show that involvement of the NS is frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common neurologic syndromes include cerebrovascular disorders, encephalopathies, inflammatory Central Nervous System (CNS) syndromes, peripheral neurologic disorders, psychiatric disorders. The pathophysiology of neurological manifestations is far from being understood. They can be coincidental, common complications of severe viral infection, or direct consequence of the viral infection either via indirect para-infective mechanisms or direct viral penetration of NS. Experimental animal models had previously demonstrated the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV and the detection of viral particles in special structures such as the thalamus, nucleus ambiguous and nucleus of the solitary tract, suggesting that CNS invasion can contribute significantly to the severe outcome not only through direct damage to neurological structures, but also through a potential detrimental effect on cardiorespiratory responses. Up to now, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients has been reported occasionally and conclusive pathological demonstration of the virus in the CNS is lacking. In this scenario, the role of neuroimaging is fundamental. These considerations highlight the urgent need to better clarify the neurotropic potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and to verify on human autoptic tissue the mechanisms demonstrated in the experimental animal model in order to develop potential strategies to prevent CNS invasion and to adapt treatment protocols based on neurological involvement. CT scan is useful to detect large hemorrhage and ischemic lesions, that have been reported in Covid-19 patients, but lacks identifying other possible neurological complications, such as microhemorrhage or encephalitis. MRI could overcome these limitations; in particular the use of specific sequences may reveal microvascular lesions that can occur during the disease course, according to the described pathogenesis. This book will be an invaluable tool for neuroradiologists, radiologists, neurologists, and all physicians involved in the pandemic.
Neuroimaging of Movement Disorders
by Fatta B. Nahab Noriaki HattoriIn the diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders, the use of neuroimaging has expanded widely and has been an exciting, important modality for unlocking the causes of abnormal motor control. With ever improving machinery, data collection techniques and analysis methods, researchers are now being presented with an exponentially increasing amount of data that they must wade through and interpret in the context of existing knowledge about movement disorders. In Neuroimaging in Movement Disorders, the editors have produced a gold-standard resource that brings together an impressive international group of authorities in their respective fields to outline the current state of knowledge. Controversies, such as conflicting findings and methodological limitations, are covered and provide the reader with a comprehensive yet pragmatic understanding of the state of science. The chapters offer both comprehensive reviews of various neuroimaging methods and also more in-depth summaries of the contributions made by neuroimaging in individual movement disorders. Although many of the neuroimaging methods that are discussed have not been routinely used in clinical practice, the authors skillfully provide the reader with adequate detail to understand the requirements for using these methods and in some cases even the starting knowledge to begin local implementation. Neuroimaging in Movement Disorders is an indispensable reference that will be of value to all physicians and researchers involved in the care of patients with movement disorders.
Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
by Michael J. Thorpy Eric Nofzinger Pierre MaquetThis up-to-date, superbly illustrated book is a practical guide to the effective use of neuroimaging in the patient with sleep disorders. There are detailed reviews of new neuroimaging techniques - including CT, MRI, advanced MR techniques, SPECT and PET - as well as image analysis methods, their roles and pitfalls. Neuroimaging of normal sleep and wake states is covered plus the role of neuroimaging in conjunction with tests of memory and how sleep influences memory consolidation. Each chapter carefully presents and analyzes the key findings in patients with sleep disorders indicating the clinical and imaging features of the various sleep disorders from clinical presentation to neuroimaging, aiding in establishing an accurate diagnosis. Written by neuroimaging experts from around the world, Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders is an invaluable resource for both researchers and clinicians including sleep specialists, neurologists, radiologists, psychiatrists, psychologists.
Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury
by Natalia Zakharova Valery Kornienko Alexander Potapov Igor ProninThe main purpose of this book is to present emerging neuroimaging data in order to define the role of primary and secondary structural and hemodynamic disturbances in different phases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to analyze the potential of diffusion tensor MRI, tractography and CT perfusion imaging in evaluating the dynamics of TBI. The authors present a new MRI classification of brain stem and hemispheric cortical/subcortical damage localization that is of significant prognostic value. New data are provided regarding the pathogenesis and dynamics of diffuse and focal brain injuries and qualitative and quantitative changes in the brain white matter tracts. It is shown that diffuse axonal injury can be considered a clinical model of multidimensional "split brain" with commissural, association and projection fiber disorders. The book will be of interest for neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists and others with an interest in the subject.
Neuroimaging Pharmacopoeia
by Daniel Thomas Ginat Juan E. Small Pamela Whitney SchaeferThis book reviews the imaging features associated with selected classes of pharmaceuticals and drugs on brain, head and neck, and spine and explains the implications of the imaging findings for the neuroradiologist and the clinician. Some agents produce characteristic abnormalities with distinctive imaging features, while others have a spectrum of manifestations on imaging. Still further agents produce rather nonspecific changes on imaging, requiring a differential diagnosis. In this book, informative cases are depicted by rich images, with concise accompanying explanatory text that reviews the class of agent and the mechanism of action and discusses image interpretation and its significance.
Neuroimaging Pharmacopoeia
by Daniel Thomas Ginat Juan E. Small Pamela Whitney SchaeferThis book, now in a revised and updated second edition, reviews the imaging-relevant features of selected classes of pharmaceuticals and drugs regarding CNS and head and neck images. The agents discussed belong to classes like Drugs and Alcohol; Contrast Agents; Chemotherapy; Immunotherapy; Antibiotics, Antiviral Agents, and Vaccines; Antiepilectic and Antipsychotic Agents; and Hematologic Agents, each of which is addressed in a separate chapter. The book’s closing part addresses agents from various other classes. For each class, concise texts and rich images review and illustrate the mechanism of action. All chapters from the previous edition have been extensively updated, and new chapters on certain pharmaceuticals have been added. Highlighting the implications of these agents for imaging findings, the book offers an excellent resource for neuroradiologists and clinicians alike.
Neuroimaging, Software, and Communication: The Social Code of Source Code
by Edison BicudoThis book analyses the social contexts in which programmers design neuroimaging software used in brain studies. It shows that in the same way people engage in everyday communication, programmers are involved in a series of communicative processes to realize the negotiations and discussions generated by software development. In this way, highly technical activities such as computer code writing are also underpinned by values, preferences, and power relations.At the same time, the book sheds new light on scientists’ increasing dependence on software. On the one hand, many scientific tasks can no longer be performed without the help of computational technologies. On the other hand, most scientists have only superficial computing knowledge. As a result, inequalities emerge whereby some scientists take the most strategic methodological decisions whereas other scientists can only rely on the technical help provided by user-friendly computer applications.
Neuroimaging Techniques in Clinical Practice: Physical Concepts and Clinical Applications
by Manoj Mannil Sebastian F.-X. WinklhoferThis book provides a concise overview of emerging technologies in the field of modern neuroimaging. Fundamental principles of the main imaging modalities are described as well as advanced imaging techniqes including diffusion weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, arterial spin labeling, diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, MR spectroscopy, functional MRI, and artificial intelligence. The physical concepts underlying each imaging technique are carefully and clearly explained in a way suited to a medical audience without prior technical knowledge. In addition, the clinical applications of the various techniques are described with the aid of illustrative clinical examples. Helpful background information is also presented on the core principles of MRI and the evolution of neuroimaging, and important references to current medical research are highlighted. The book will meet the needs of a range of non-technological professionals with an interest in advanced neuroimaging, including radiology researchers and clinicians in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.
Neuroimmune Diseases: From Cells to the Living Brain (Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience)
by Mario Manto Hiroshi MitomaA translational overview of neuroimmune diseases for neuroscientists and clinicians that clarifies the pathological mechanisms underlying neuroimmune diseases and builds a comprehensive bridge between the latest research findings and their clinical implications in daily practice. The material is presented in two steps. The first section comprises a review of the pathogenic actions of immune cells in brain diseases. Here the authors discuss the mechanisms through which immune cells disrupt the functions of nerve cells. The second section explores the ways in which the brain becomes dysfunctional due to impaired nerve cell function. Based on pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed for each clinical category. The book will be invaluable for use in clinical practice of neuroimmune diseases
Neuroimmune Interactions in Pain: Mechanisms and Therapeutics
by Ru-Rong Ji Jianguo Cheng Jasmine JiAs lifespans increase, more people around the world find themselves victims of chronic pain. In spite of this, treatment options continue to be severely limited. Anti-inflammatory drugs can only do so much, while painkillers like opioids have led to crippling addictions and fatal overdoses. The subject of the book is the role of immune cells, including glial cells, and neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain. The book begins by examining the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the involvement of non-neuronal cells in chronic pain. It discusses the interactions between non-neuronal cells and neurons in the regulation of chronic pain. It then presents the implications of these findings, including promising and emerging treatments such as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs, such as resolvins and protectins), immune cell therapy, and complementary and alternative medicine, as well as neuromodulation and regenerative medicine, which may prove to be the turning point for hundreds of millions of patients world-wide who struggle to escape from the shadow of chronic pain. The book presents ground-breaking research that will alter current perspectives on chronic pain.