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Oral Drug Delivery for Modified Release Formulations
by Edmund S. Kostewicz Maria Vertzoni Heather A. E. Benson Michael S. RobertsORAL DRUG DELIVERY FOR MODIFIED RELEASE FORMULATIONS Provides pharmaceutical development scientists with a detailed reference guide for the development of MR formulations Oral Drug Delivery for Modified Release Formulations is an up-to-date review of the key aspects of oral absorption from modified-release (MR) dosage forms. This edited volume provides in-depth coverage of the physiological factors that influence drug release and of the design and evaluation of MR formulations. Divided into three sections, the book begins by describing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and detailing the conditions and absorption processes occurring in the GIT that determine a formulation’s oral bioavailability. The second section explores the design of modified release formulations, covering early drug substance testing, the biopharmaceutics classification system, an array of formulation technologies that can be used for MR dosage forms, and more. The final section focuses on in vitro, in silico, and in vivo evaluation and regulatory considerations for MR formulations. Topics include biorelevant dissolution testing, preclinical evaluation, and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) of in vivo behaviour. Featuring contributions from leading researchers with expertise in the different aspects of MR formulations, this volume: Provides authoritative coverage of physiology, physicochemical determinants, and in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) Explains the different types of MR formulations and defines the key terms used in the field Discusses the present status of MR technologies and identifies current gaps in research Includes a summary of regulatory guidelines from both the US and the EU Shares industrial experiences and perspectives on the evaluation of MR dosage formulations Oral Drug Delivery for Modified Release Formulations is an invaluable reference and guide for researchers, industrial scientists, and graduate students in general areas of drug delivery including pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical engineering, polymer and materials science, and chemical and biochemical engineering.
Oral Epidemiology: A Textbook on Oral Health Conditions, Research Topics and Methods (Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry)
by Marco A. Peres Jose Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes Richard G. WattThis intermediate textbook on oral epidemiology is designed to meet the needs of advanced students in the fields of Dentistry and Oral Health and dentists in the early stages of their career. Readers will find detailed information on the epidemiology of individual diseases and disorders and on hot topics and methods in oral health research. The extensive first part of the book explores the international epidemiological literature regarding a wide range of conditions, from dental caries and periodontal diseases to halitosis and malocclusions. In each case, the prevalence, disease-specific measures, and associated factors are identified. Attention is then focused on cutting-edge research topics in oral epidemiology, such as the intriguing mechanisms linking oral diseases and chronic general diseases, life course epidemiology, and the role of socioeconomic determinants of oral health. The final part of the book is devoted to description of the epidemiological methods and tools applied in the field of oral health. Here, the coverage includes validation of questionnaires, data collection and data analyses, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Oral Formulation Roadmap from Early Drug Discovery to Development
by Elizabeth KwongDetailing formulation approaches by stage of discovery to early development, this book gives a “playbook” of practical and efficient strategies to formulate drug candidates with the least chance of failing in clinical development. • Comes from contributing authors with experience developing formulations on the frontlines of the pharmaceutical industry• Focuses on pre (or non-) clinical and early stage development, the phases where most compounds are used in drug research• Features case studies to illustrate practical challenges and solutions in formulation selection• Covers regulatory filing, drug metabolism and physical and chemical properties, toxicology formulation, biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS), screening approaches, early stage clinical formulation development, and outsourcing
Oral Health and Aging
by Christie-Michele Hogue Jorge G. RuizThis book provides a comprehensive review of the assessment and management of older people’s oral health care needs. Discussing recent initiatives to emphasize oral health promotion and prevention, the book describes improvements in pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for special populations in geriatrics and illuminates the role of barriers to oral health care for older people. Divided into three sections, the book first explores aging and oral health, including age-related changes, epidemiology, nutrition, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, xerostomia and hyposalivation, management of periodontal disease and caries, systemic diseases that influence oral health, and considerations for chronic orofacial pain. The second section illuminates the ways in which frailty and other geriatric syndromes influence oral health care in older adults with a special focus on frailty, dementia, delirium and depression, and the delivery of oral health care to vulnerable geriatric populations in long-term care, home care, palliative care, and hospice. Lastly, the book addresses inequalities in the oral health of older minority populations, the disproportionate burden of oral disease and tooth loss, the contribution of these issues to further complications in comorbidities, the association of extended health literacy and periodontal disease, and the social and cultural conditions that might be altered or improved by healthcare programs and health policies.Oral Health and Aging is a useful book written by an international group of experts and designed to educate geriatricians, primary care physicians, nurses, dentists, dental hygienists, speech and language pathologists, dietitians, and health policy advocates.
Oral Health and Dental Care in the Ageing Population (BDJ Clinician’s Guides)
by Mili Doshi Andrew Geddis-ReganThis book aims to provide the dental team with an improved understanding of management of the oral health needs of the ageing population, in whom increasing cognitive, medical and physical disabilities impact significantly on oral health and dental care needs. All significant aspects of caring for older people are covered. The nature and implications of changing demographics are explained and information provided on common medical co-morbidities and the impact of cognitive conditions, including dementia, on dental treatment. The changing pattern of dental disease in older people is clearly described, with explanation of the consequences of these changes for aspects of restorative dentistry, oral medicine, and oral surgery. Advice is given on considerations for dental treatment planning, including the importance of prevention and utilization of dental care professionals. Provision of care for older people under general anaesthesia or sedation and domiciliary care are also covered. The book is written by specialist practicing clinicians and delivers information in an accessible way with a person-centered approach.
Oral Health and Herbal Medicine (SpringerBriefs in Public Health)
by Syed Shoeb Razvi Mohd Muzzammil Hussain Waseem Mohammed Abdul Khalid Rehman HakeemOral health loss is one of the major problems existing all over the world and is one of the top causes of death when unmanaged. The oral cavity is home to numerous pathogenic microorganisms, some of which are responsible for the progression and development of various systemic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and myocardial infarction. Worldwide, 60–90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults have dental cavities, often leading to pain and discomfort. There are implications for the global economy as well, due to the continuous burden of investing resources to maintain oral hygiene. Not surprisingly, developing countries are disproportionally affected. There is thus an urgent need to develop economical solutions for the treatment of oral diseases. The trend of exploring plants or plant-derived compounds for the prevention and cure of death-causing diseases is on the rise. The use of traditional medicine for oral diseases is an ancient practice in which medicinal herbs play a major role. Medicinal plants have minimal side effects and no denigrating properties. Accordingly the use of medicinal plants to curtail oral pathogens has been reported by a number of studies.The present book updates the issues related to oral health, oral diseases and the role of medicinal plants in overcoming orally-derived health problems. We also highlight the knowledge gaps in oral health related problems with medicinal plants as one of the solutions. Our ultimate goal is to encourage future research and application of medicinal plants for economical and efficient treatment of oral diseases.
The Oral Health Bible
by Michael P. Bonner DDS Earl L. Mindell RphAnother health revolution has arrived, says Dr. Michael Bonner in his well-researched new book The Oral Health Bible, and there is no longer any separation between mouth medicine and body medicine. The mouth is completely connected to the body, he says, and is a doorway to achieving peak health and wellness in all the body's systems. This informative book contains an action plan for taking charge of our oral health and it educates us and our physicians and dentists by detailing how many debilitating health problems-conditions such as arteriosclerosis, heart attacks, strokes, rheumatoid arthritis, and premature and low-birth-weight babies-are intimately linked to oral health and hygiene. . Dr. Bonner emphasizes the importance of finding and treating periodontal (gum) disease because, untreated, it can lead to heart attacks and strokes. He sees more gum disease now than he did twenty-five years ago, he says, largely because of the increasing availability of harmful oral hygiene products on the market. Mouthwashes, for example, are generally considered trustworthy, but in reality, they are the cause of 36,000 cases of oral cancer a year. Moreover, 500 people are killed annually from alcohol ingestion related to mouthwashes. Dr. Bonner discusses safe, effective oral health techniques and products in order to reverse gum disease with its far-reaching negative consequences. He also outlines how nutritional supplements can help deliver potentially enormous benefits to oral, as well as overall, health. In 1910, the Mayo (clinic) brothers said, "A person with a healthy mouth will live ten years longer. "
Oral Health Literacy
by Maria HewittThe Institute of Medicine (IOM) Roundtable on Health Literacy focuses on bringing together leaders from the federal government, foundations, health plans, associations, and private companies to address challenges facing health literacy practice and research and to identify approaches to promote health literacy in both the public and private sectors. The roundtable serves to educate the public, press, and policy makers regarding the issues of health literacy, sponsoring workshops to discuss approaches to resolve health literacy challenges. It also builds partnerships to move the field of health literacy forward by translating research findings into practical strategies for implementation. The Roundtable held a workshop March 29, 2012, to explore the field of oral health literacy. The workshop was organized by an independent planning committee in accordance with the procedures of the National Academy of Sciences. The planning group was composed of Sharon Barrett, Benard P. Dreyer, Alice M. Horowitz, Clarence Pearson, and Rima Rudd. The role of the workshop planning committee was limited to planning the workshop. Unlike a consensus committee report, a workshop summary may not contain conclusions and recommendations, except as expressed by and attributed to individual presenters and participants. Therefore, the summary has been prepared by the workshop rapporteur as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.
Oral Health Psychology: Psychological Aspects Related to Dentistry (Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry)
by Tiril Willumsen Jostein Paul Årøen Lein Ronald C. Gorter Lena MyranThis textbook is exceptional in its coverage of modern theories on the patient-centered approach to communication, preventive dentistry, and dental anxiety. It provides the knowledge and tools required in order to implement a trauma-sensitive approach that will enhance the treatment experience for both the patient and the dental practitioner. General psychological aspects of dentistry and behavior management in patients who experience dental fear, anxiety, and pain are considered in detail. Extensive attention is devoted to the effective delivery of preventive care and dental treatment in a wide range of specific patient groups, including fearful and abused children and patients suffering from depression, personality disorders, psychosis, substance abuse disorders, and eating disorders. The importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and self-care in the dental clinic is also discussed. The book is an international collaborative effort between dentists and psychologists who draw on scientific research as well as their personal experiences in clinical practice. It is an excellent educational resource and will help readers to solve challenges in their own clinical settings.
Oral Healthcare and the Frail Elder: A Clinical Perspective
by Michael I. MacEnteeOral healthcare is an integral part of overall health and well-being, and it is a significant and increasing challenge as people grow frail. Incidence of caries and gingivitis among residents of long-term care facilities are on the rise, and daily oral hygiene is often difficult for patients who are frail or in need of assistance. Oral Healthcare and the Frail Elder: A Clinical Perspective provides dentists, dental hygienists, and other healthcare professionals with comprehensive, practical instruction on managing the multifaceted oral healthcare needs of frail elders. By discussing background information and relevant literature, the book provides a holistic approach to clinical issues such as oral pain, dry mouth, and periodontal disease. Edited by experts in the field, Oral Healthcare and the Frail Elder enhances clinical application with thorough reviews of pertinent social and ethical issues, access to care issues, and the practicalities for overcoming these in order to provide high-quality oral healthcare to an aging population.
Oral History for the Qualitative Researcher
by Ruthellen Josselson Valerie JanesickOral history is a particularly useful way to capture ordinary people's lived experiences. This innovative book introduces the full array of oral history research methods and invites students and qualitative researchers to try them out in their own work. Using choreography as an organizing metaphor, the author presents creative strategies for collecting, representing, analyzing, and interpreting oral history data. Instructive exercises and activities help readers develop specific skills, such as nonparticipant observation, interviewing, and writing, with a special section on creating found data poems from interview transcripts. Also covered are uses of journals, court transcripts, and other documents; Internet resources, such as social networking sites; and photography and video. Emphasizing a social justice perspective, the book includes excerpts of oral histories from 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, among other detailed case examples.
An Oral History of the Special Olympics in China Volume 1: Overview (Economy and Social Inclusion)
by William P. Alford Mei Liao Fengming CuiThis open access book is unique in presenting the first oral history of individuals with an intellectual disability and their families in China. In this summary volume and the two accompanying volumes that follow, individuals with an intellectual disability tell their life stories, while their family members, teachers, classmates, and co-workers describe their professional, academic, and family relationships. Besides interview transcripts, each volume provides observations and records in real time the daily experiences of people with an intellectual disability. Drawing on the methodologies of sociology and oral history, the summary volume provides an unprecedented account of how people with intellectual disabilities in China understand themselves while also examining pertinent issues of public policy and civil society that have ramifications beyond the field of disability itself.
An Oral History of the Special Olympics in China Volume 2: The Movement (Economy and Social Inclusion)
by William P. Alford Mei Liao Fengming CuiThis open access book contains the oral histories that were inspired by the work of the Special Olympics in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of its founding. The foreword and prefatory materials provide an overview of the Special Olympics and its growth in the People’s Republic of China. The sections that follow record interview transcripts of individuals with intellectual disabilities living in Shanghai. In addition to chronicling the involvement of these individuals and their families in the Special Olympics movement, the interview transcripts also capture their daily lives and how they have navigated school and work.
An Oral History of the Special Olympics in China Volume 3: Finding and Keeping a Job (Economy and Social Inclusion)
by William P. Alford Mei Liao Fengming CuiThis open access book brings together oral histories that record the experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities in Shanghai as they participate in their careers. Employees with intellectual disabilities describe their experiences seeking, attaining, and maintaining employment. Their managers, colleagues, and family members also provide keen insight into the challenges and opportunities these individuals have encountered in the process of securing employment. An appendix provides a compilation of employment policies related to people with intellectual disabilities, particularly with respect to Shanghai.
Oral Infections and General Health
by Anne Marie Lynge PedersenThis book provides a wide-ranging update on the associations between oral infections and general health. Detailed consideration is given to the underlying mechanisms or pathways linking oral infections to general health, including metastatic spread of infection from the oral cavity as a result of transient bacteremia, metastatic injury from the effects of circulating oral microbial toxins, and metastatic inflammation caused by immunological dysfunction induced by oral microorganisms. The book also reviews the complex structure and development of oral biofilms in health and disease, and the molecular tools that are currently available for their analysis. The advantages and limitations of such techniques, as well as their impact on the future of diagnostics, prevention and patient management, are discussed.
Oral Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Lesions: Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
by Gaetano Isola Simona Santonocito Rosalia Leonardi Alessandro PolizziThis book is an extensive, evidence-based, in-depth review of all aspects of the frequent oral potentially malignant disorder Oral Lichen Planus, from the complex pathogenesis and differential diagnosis to therapeutic management. It highlights the main discoveries and the limits of current knowledge in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy of this oral disorder, projecting clinicians to the best possible therapeutic management and researchers to the main research fields potentially interesting for the understanding of etiopathogenesis and the establishment of a universally recognized diagnostic criteria. Detailed orientation is provided on oral lichen planus and on the main oral disorders clinically and histologically very similar to it. This work is aimed at clinicians, who are often faced with oral lesions that are not always easily diagnosed, and researchers who are interested in dentistry, oral medicine, and the partly mysterious disease Oral Lichen Planus.
Oral Medicine (Medical Color Handbook Series)
by Michael Lewis Richard JordanThis is a revised edition of a bestselling handbook. The authors have fully updated the text to include the most up to date treatment options, have added a section on head and neck imaging (CT/MRI), a series of self-test clinical cases, and 100 new photographs. The book uses a symptom-based approach to assist the clinician in the diagnosis and mana
Oral Medicine and Medically Complex Patients
by Peter B. LockhartOral Medicine and Medically Complex Patients, Sixth Edition provides succinct, yet comprehensive information on in-hospital care and outpatient management of the medically complex dental patient, as well as the management of non-surgical problems of the maxillofacial region. Fully revised to include up-to-date information on procedures and medications, the Sixth Edition contains over 15 additional charts and tables for rapid reference and expanded coverage on maxillofacial prosthodontics and increasingly prevalent conditions, such as ONJ.Oral Medicine and Medically Complex Patients follows a practical approach, organizing essential information into quickly referenced tables, easy-to-read diagrams and step-by-step procedures. Replete with examples of hospital charts, operative notes, and consultations, the book provides thorough coverage of the broad scope of clinical problems and patient populations encountered by dentists. A truly must-have resource Oral Medicine and Medically Complex Patients serves the needs of an increasing number of dental students, residents in general practice and specialty training, and practitioners engaged in the care of both hospitalized and ambulatory patients.
Oral Medicine and Pathology at a Glance (At a Glance (Dentistry))
by Crispian Scully Oslei Paes de Almeida Jose Bagan Pedro Diz Dios Adalberto Mosqueda TaylorOral Medicine and Pathology At A Glance is a title in the highly popular at a Glance series. It provides a concise and accessible introduction and revision aid. Following the familiar, easy-to-use at a Glance format, each topic is presented as a double-page spread with key facts accompanied by clear diagrams, clinical photographs, and useful quick-reference tables, encapsulating essential information. Systematically organized and succinctly delivered, Oral Medicine and Pathology At A Glance covers: The most important conditions, by frequency and severity, in oral medicine and pathology Commonly encountered oral lesions and pathologies Oral manifestations of common systemic diseases Differential diagnosis Clinical management of these conditions Oral Medicine and Pathology At A Glance is the ideal companion for all students of dentistry and recently qualified clinicians. In addition, through its focus on oral health care provision in general practice, the text will provide valuable insight for general dental practitioners wanting to update their knowledge of oral medicine and pathology, dental nurses, hygienists and therapists.
Oral Medicine and Pathology at a Glance
by Adalberto Mosqueda Taylor Crispian Scully José V. Bagán Oslei Paes de Almeida Pedro Diz DiosOral Medicine and Pathology at a Glance, 2nd Edition offers a comprehensive overview of essential aspects of oral medicine and pathology, with an emphasis on oral health care provision in general practice. Updated new edition, covering the most important conditions and commonly encountered oral pathologies and their clinical management Presented in the popular, highly-illustrated At a Glance style with clinical photographs throughout Written by an international author team Includes a companion website with self-assessment MCQs, further reading and downloadable images
Oral Medicine - A Clinical Guide
by Ramesh Balasubramaniam Sue-Ching Yeoh Tami Yap S. R. PrabhuThis handbook is a practical guide covering pertinent topics in the specialty of Oral Medicine, which focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and management of local and systemic conditions affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. Each topic covers a specific disease or disorder with overarching emphasis on diseases presenting with oral mucosal involvement and orofacial pain conditions. Each topic is presented as a summary of key clinical information for quick reference prepared by leading experts in the field. This clinical guide will serve as a valuable resource for students and clinicians in practice.
Oral Medicine in Primary Dental Care (BDJ Clinician’s Guides)
by Michael A. Lewis Philip-John LameyThis book is an up-to-date guide to the diagnosis and management of the oral and orofacial conditions that may be encountered by dentists in primary care. Now in its fourth edition, the book has been completely restructured to provide a clinical signs and symptoms approach to disease that will enhance the ability of clinicians to establish the correct diagnosis. This is achieved by the lavish use of high-quality colour clinical illustrations that cover the full spectrum of conditions seen most frequently in the dental surgery. In addition, contemporary information on patient management is presented in a clear and reader-friendly style. The book provides the clinician with an extremely useful tool for clinical diagnosis and delivery of the highest quality patient care. The contents are of direct relevance to all members of the dental team, not only in general practice but also in specialist settings.
Oral Microbiology and Immunology (ASM Books)
by Richard J. Lamont George N. Hajishengallis Hyun Michel Koo Howard F. JenkinsonThe field of oral microbiology has seen fundamental conceptual changes in recent years. Microbial communities are now seen as the fundamental etiological agent in oral diseases through their interface with host inflammatory responses. Study of structured microbial communities has increased our understanding of the roles of each member in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, principles that apply to both periodontitis and dental caries. Against this backdrop, the third edition of Oral Microbiology and Immunology has been substantially expanded and rewritten by an international team of authors and editors. Featured in the current edition are: links between oral infections and systemic disease revised and updated overview of the role of the immune system in oral infections thorough discussions of biofilm development and control more extensive illustrations and Key Points for student understanding Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians as well as students will find this new edition valuable in study and practice. The field of oral microbiology has seen fundamental conceptual changes in recent years. Microbial communities are now seen as the fundamental etiological agent in oral diseases through their interface with host inflammatory responses. Study of structured microbial communities has increased our understanding of the roles of each member in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, principles that apply to both periodontitis and dental caries. Against this backdrop, the third edition of Oral Microbiology and Immunology has been substantially expanded and rewritten by an international team of authors and editors. Featured in the current edition are: links between oral infections and systemic disease revised and updated overview of the role of the immune system in oral infections thorough discussions of biofilm development and control more extensive illustrations and Key Points for student understanding Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians as well as students will find this new edition valuable in study and practice.
The Oral Microbiome: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2327)
by Guy R. AdamiThis volume discusses the oral microbiome, and oral and systemic health. The chapters in this book cover topics such as analytical techniques for identifying and measuring oral bacteria; strategies for controlling common sources of variability in oral microbiome methods for viral bacterial and fungal analysis; ways to study oral DNA and RNA samples to identify molecular pathways to disease; approaches to functional assays for oral bacteriophage, antibiotic purging of systemic bacteria; and metaproteomic analysis of various oral samples. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, The Oral Microbiome: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any scientist or researcher looking to further study this exciting and developing field.
Oral Mucosa in Health and Disease
by Lesley Ann BergmeierThis book is designed to re-establish the position of the oral cavity and its mucosa at the forefront of defence and maintenance of homeostatic mechanisms that protect against disease not just locally but also systemically. The oral mucosa is a unique collection of tissues that constitutes a highly active environment with its own unique microflora and homeostatic interaction with the innate and adaptive immune responses. As an immune tissue the oral mucosa was somewhat neglected in the past owing to the tendency to assume similarity to the gut mucosa. More recently it has become apparent that the oral mucosa is a complex environment and, like the esophageal mucosa, has more in common with vaginal tissue than with the gut. Furthermore, the ability of the oral mucosa to act as an immune inductive site has made it an attractive area of research in terms of desensitization for allergic reactions and possibly autoimmune responses. In this book, recognized experts in the field provide up-to-date coverage of all aspects of the structure and function of the oral mucosa, reflecting important recent advances in knowledge, including at the molecular level.