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Organ Shortage
by Muireann Quigley Anne-Maree Farrell David PriceOrgan shortage is an ongoing problem in many countries. The needless death and suffering which have resulted necessitate an investigation into potential solutions. This examination of contemporary ethical means, both practical and policy-oriented, of reducing the shortfall in organs draws on the experiences of a range of countries. The authors focus on the resolution and negotiation of ethical conflict, examine systems approaches such as the 'Spanish model' and the US Breakthrough Collaboratives, evaluate policy proposals relating to incentives, presumed consent, and modifications regarding end-of-life care, and evaluate the greatly increased use of (non-heart-beating) donors suffering circulatory death, as well as living donors. The proposed strategies and solutions are not only capable of resolving the UK's own organ-shortage crisis, but also of being implemented in other countries grappling with how to address the growing gap between supply and demand for organs.
Organ Specific Drug Delivery and Targeting to the Lungs (Organ-specific Drug Delivery and Targeting)
by Ajit S. Narang and Ram I. MahatoOrgan Specific Drug Delivery and Targeting to the Lungs provides up to date information on the multidisciplinary field of particle engineering and drug delivery to the lungs, including advancements of nanotechnology. The text presents a unique, pragmatic focus with case studies, that help translate scientific understanding to practical implementation. In addition to highlighting the successful case studies, it also offers practical advice on watchouts, limitations, and ‘bookend’ boundaries involved in the stages of testing and development. Additional Features Include: Provides an account of particle engineering, discovery, biology, development, and delivery in relation with the advancements of nanotechnology, unlike any previous book. Brings together the leading experts and researchers in the field to critically assess and discuss various topics influencing drug delivery. Highlights the interplay of different scientific disciplines and the balance of requirements that are critical to molecule and product design. With the strategic focus on what matters during new product development, this book provides a guide to understanding and navigating new drug discovery and development for lung targets.
Organ Transplantation
by Andrew A. Klein Clive J. Lewis Joren C. MadsenOrgan Transplantation: A Clinical Guide covers all aspects of transplantation in both adult and pediatric patients. Cardiac, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas and small bowel transplantation are discussed in detail, as well as emerging areas such as face and pancreatic islet cell transplantation. For each organ, chapters cover basic science of transplantation, recipient selection, the transplant procedure, anesthetic and post-operative care, and long-term follow-up and management of complications. Important issues in donor selection and management are also discussed, including recruitment and allocation of potential donor organs and expanding the donor pool. Summary tables and illustrations enhance the text, and long-term outcome data are provided where available. Written by expert transplant surgeons, anesthetists and physicians, Organ Transplantation: A Clinical Guide is an invaluable multidisciplinary resource for any clinician involved in transplantation, providing in-depth knowledge of specialist areas of transplantation and covering the full range of management strategies.
Organ Transplantation and Native Peoples: An Interdisciplinary Approach (SpringerBriefs in Public Health)
by Estevão Rafael Fernandes Ana Karoline Nobrega CavalcantiThis book presents important concepts from medical and socio-cultural anthropology to health professionals working with organ transplantation involving indigenous populations. Written by an anthropologist and a nephrologist working at the Brazilian Amazon region, it presents an interdisciplinary approach merging perspectives from medical and socio-cultural anthropology, social epidemiology and clinical medicine to blend philosophical concerns around tissue and organ exchange with transplant-related initiatives in order to help health professionals develop care protocols that take into account the specific cultures of indigenous populations.The approach proposed in this book is based on the assumption that there are other concepts of bodies, personhood, health, sickness, and collectivity implicated in processes of organ transplantation and health care in general that must be taken into consideration beyond strictly biomedical perspectives. Such cultural aspects also imply challenges in terms of bioethics and legislation, given the need to respect indigenous cultures. So, in order to offer health professionals practical insights, the book presents a review of the literature available about experiences of organ transplantation in ethnically diverse countries and how the professionals involved have addressed this diversity respecting these groups from a cultural, ethical, and epidemiological point of view. Organ Transplantation and Native Peoples: An Interdisciplinary Approach is primarily aimed at being a practical tool for health professionals working with indigenous populations, but will also be of interest to researchers in different fields of the social and health sciences, such as medical anthropology, public health, nursing, bioethics and epidemiology.
Organ Transplantation in Religious, Ethical, and Social Context: No Room for Death
by William R. DeLongEnter the world of organ transplantation and develop a new understanding of processes and techniques for working effectively with patients in this increasing medical population. This multidisciplinary overview of organ transplantation contains chapters by major figures in the medical arena, internationally known bioethics writers, and experienced chaplains from the clinical setting of transplantation, as well as respected pastoral theologians. The authors, who include Art Caplan, Donald Capps, and Jack Copeland, explain transplantation completely for the nonmedical person and delve into the myriad ethical and religious issues and controversies surrounding organ donation and transplantation. Enlightening chapters clarify issues and help readers better understand the transplantation process, making them more effective in their work with transplant patients.Organ Transplantation in Religious, Ethical and Social Context is divided into three sections. The first emphasizes transplantation as a team effort. Chapters focus on the various roles of chaplains and other team members. Section two addresses ethical questions which arise from transplantation and organ donation and includes interfaith perspectives. The third section is dedicated to theological and pastoral views concerning transplantation.Some specific topics discussed in this book include: a surgeon’s perspective of the role of the chaplain influence of psychosocial factors in the heart transplantation decision process ministry to organ recipients and their families the special relationship between the transplant coordinator and the transplant patient Catholic and interfaith perspectives on organ donation using the Psalms as a pastoral resource with transplant patientsHospital chaplains, transplant social workers, transplant coordinators, and other professionals interested or involved in the process of organ transplantation will find this book to be full of interesting and thought-provoking insights and information.
Organ Transplantation in Times of Donor Shortage
by Ralf J. Jox Galia Assadi Georg MarckmannThis book analyzes the reasons for organ shortage and ventures innovative ideas for approaching this problem. It presents 29 contributions from a highly interdisciplinary group of world experts and upcoming professionals in the field. Every year thousands of patients die while waiting for organ transplantation. Health authorities, medical professionals and bioethicists worldwide point to the urgent and yet unsolved problem of organ shortage, which will be even intensified due to the increasing life expectancy. Even though the practical problem seems to be well known, the search for suitable solutions continues and often restricts itself by being limited through disciplinary and national borders. Combining philosophical reflection with empirical results, this volume enables a unique insight in the ethics of organ transplantation and offers fresh ideas for policymakers, health care professionals, academics and the general public.
Organ Transplantation Policy
by Frank A. Sloan James F. BlumsteinOrgan transplantation as a high-cost surgical and medical procedure poses an extraordinarily rich and complex set of social, ethical, and policy issues.A June 1988 symposium at Vanderbilt University gathered leaders in a wide variety of fields to synthesize the current state of knowledge concerning organ transplantation policy and to access policy options. Collected here are the revised papers presented at that symposium; also included is one influential earlier paper on the same topic. Together, they constitute a major contribution to the debate on organ transplantation policy and its moral, legal, financial, and political implications.
Organ Transplants and Ethics
by David LambOriginally published in 1990, this study of the moral problems bound up with transplant therapy addresses a finely balanced distinction between ethical issues relating to its experimental nature on the one hand and those which arise when transplantation is routine on the other. Among the issues examined are proposals for routine cadaveric harvesting, criteria for organ and tissue procurement from living donors, foetuses, non-human animals and current ethical problems with artificial implants. Written as a contribution to practical philosophy, this book will interest ethicists and health care professionals.
Organelle and Molecular Targeting
by Lara Scheherazade Milane and Mansoor M. AmijiWe have surpassed the omics era and are truly in the Age of Molecular Therapeutics. The fast-paced development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, such as the mRNA vaccines encoding the viral spike protein, demonstrated the need for and capability of molecular therapy and nanotechnology-based solutions for drug delivery. In record speed, the SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA genome was sequenced and shared with the scientific community, allowing the rapid design of molecular therapeutics. The mRNA vaccines exploit the host cell endoplasmic reticulum to produce viral spike proteins for antigen presentation and recognition by the innate and adaptive immune system. Lipid nanoparticles enable the delivery of the fragile, degradation-sensitive nucleic acid payloads. Molecular-based therapeutics and nanotechnology solutions continue to drive the scientific and medical response to the COVID-19 pandemic as new mRNA, DNA, and protein-based vaccines are developed and approved and the emergency use approved vaccines are rapidly manufactured and distributed throughout the globe. The need for molecular therapies and drug delivery solutions is clear, and as these therapies progress and become more specialized there will be important advancements in organelle targeting. For example, using organelle targeting to direct lipid nanoparticles with mRNA payloads to the endoplasmic reticulum would increase the efficacy of mRNA vaccines, reducing the required dose and therefore the biomanufacturing demand. Likewise, improving the delivery of DNA therapeutics to the nucleus would improve efficacy. Organelles and molecules have always been drug targets, but until recently we have not had the tools or capability to design and develop such highly specific therapeutics. Organelle targeting has far-reaching implications. For example, mitochondria are central to both energy production and intrinsic apoptosis. Effectively targeting and manipulating mitochondria has therapeutic applications for diseases such as myopathies, cancer, neurodegeneration, progerias, diabetes, and the natural aging process. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that exploit the endoplasmic reticulum (for mRNA vaccines) and the nucleic translational process (DNA vaccines) attest to the need for organelle and molecular therapeutics. This book covers the status, demand, and future of organelle- and molecularly targeted therapeutics that are critical to the advancement of modern medicine. Organelle and molecular targeting is the drug design and drug delivery approach of today and the future; understanding this approach is essential for students, scientists, and clinicians contributing to modern medicine.
Organic Cation Transporters in the Central Nervous System (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology #266)
by Lynette C. DawsRapidly growing interest in the role of organic cation transporters (OCTs) and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) in central monoamine homeostasis makes this book especially timely, given its thematic alignment with the role of OCTs and PMAT in CNS. This book discusses latest insights into the field laying an emphasis on health, disease and therapeutics. The chapter, “General Overview of Organic Cation Transporters in Brain”, of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Organic Chemistry: A Mechanistic Approach
by Penny ChalonerOffering a different, more engaging approach to teaching and learning, Organic Chemistry: A Mechanistic Approach classifies organic chemistry according to mechanism rather than by functional group. The book elicits an understanding of the material, by means of problem solving, instead of purely requiring memorization. The text enables a deep unders
Organic Chemistry: An Acid-Base Approach
by Michael B. SmithBased on the premise that many, if not most, reactions in organic chemistry can be explained by variations of fundamental acid–base concepts, Organic Chemistry: An Acid–Base Approach provides a framework for understanding the subject that goes beyond mere memorization. Using several techniques to develop a relational understanding, it helps students fully grasp the essential concepts at the root of organic chemistry. This new edition was rewritten largely with the feedback of students in mind and is also based on the author’s classroom experiences using the previous editions. Highlights of the Third Edition Include: Extensively revised chapters that improve the presentation of material. Features the contributions of more than 65 scientists, highlighting the diversity in organic chemistry. Features the current work of over 30 organic chemists, highlighting the diversity in organic chemistry. Many new reactions are featured that are important in modern organic chemistry. Video lectures are provided in a .mov format, accessible online as a ‘built-in’ ancillary for the book. The homework is available online, gratis to all users. The third edition of Organic Chemistry: An Acid–Base Approach constitutes a significant improvement upon a unique introductory technique to organic chemistry. The reactions and mechanisms it covers are the most fundamental concepts in organic chemistry that are applied to industry, biological chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and pharmacy. Using an illustrated conceptual approach rather than presenting sets of principles and theories to memorize, it gives students a more concrete understanding of the material.
Organic Chemist's Desk Reference
by Caroline Cooper Rupert PurchaseLaunched in 1995 as a companion to the Dictionary of Organic Compounds, the Organic Chemist’s Desk Reference has been essential reading for laboratory chemists who need a succinct guide to the ‘nuts and bolts’ of organic chemistry — the literature, nomenclature, stereochemistry, spectroscopy, hazard information, and laboratory data. This third edition reflects changes in the dissemination of chemical information, revisions to chemical nomenclature, and the adoption of new techniques in NMR spectroscopy, which have taken place since publication of the last edition in 2011. Organic chemistry embraces many other disciplines — from material sciences to molecular biology — whose practitioners will benefit from the comprehensive but concise information brought together in this book. Extensively revised and updated, this new edition contains the very latest data that chemists need access to for experimentation and research.
Organic Pollutants: Toxicity and Solutions (Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies)
by M. Vasanthy V. Sivasankar T. G. SunithaThis volume describes the identification of emerging organic pollutants, mainly from industrial sources, their associated toxicological threats, and the latest green methods and biotechnological solutions to abate harmful impacts on people and the environment. The chapters present reviews on current applied toxicology research, occupational health hazards and green remedial solutions for pollution control in terrestrial and aquatic environments, with the aim of raising public awareness of these issues and providing chemists, toxicologists and environmental scientists with the knowledge to combat organic pollutants through sustainable means. Readers will learn about the multi-dimensional applications of materials and processes which harvest energy out of environmental remediation technologies, as well as the roles of biotechnology and nanotechnology in addressing high pollutant load. Specific attention is paid to technologies that draw energy through wastewater remediation, as this covers the primary means by which organic pollutants are introduced into the environment from industry and other sources. The book will be of use to pollution control boards, industry regulators, and students and researchers in the fields of biotechnology, biomedical science, hydrology and water chemistry.
The Organic Psychoses: A Guide to Diagnosis
by John Dewan William SpauldingPsychoses due to physical disturbances involving the brain are common and can complicate a bewildering variety of illnesses. Patients with such disorders may be encountered in general practice, emergency wards, medical services, on the surgical ward, post-operatively as well as in psychiatric clinics and of course in mental hospitals. A specialist in psychiatry and a specialist in internal medicine have collaborated to fill an important gap in medical literature of practical value to the physician. Throughout the book the needs of doctors who are responsible for such patients has been kept in mind. In this well-organized, concise monograph the organic psychoses are classified in a comprehensive manner which can be easily applied to clinical cases. The chief diagnostic features of the various organic syndromes have been presented, together with full references to the clinical literature. The diagnostic approach to the various clinical problems has been considered and illustrated by a group of case histories. As teachers, the authors have become aware of the need for a clarification of this complicated area of medicine in order that the practitioner, postgraduate physician, interne, and undergraduate student may have a ready guide to aid him in the diagnosis of these complicated disorders. Many doctors in a number of branches of medical practice will find this a handy, useful book to own.
Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Selected Problems, and Solutions: Second Edition
by William C. Groutas Athri D. RathnayakeThis fully updated new edition presents organic reaction mechanism questions, carefully selected from the primary chemical literature, to understand how reactants are transformed into products. The author explains step-by-step solutions to all problems with appropriate contextual comments explaining the rationale and reasoning underlying each step, and identifying the underlying principles involved in each question. In the process the reader gains a better understanding of the fundamental principles of organic chemistry and how to become proficient in using the Lewis acid/Lewis base concept to complete organic reactions without resorting to memorization. Features : The questions are graded in difficulty with Part A containing questions aimed at students taking the sophomore-level organic chemistry class, while part B contains questions of somewhat greater difficulty suitable for students taking an honors course in organic chemistry or a beginning graduate course. Detailed answers are provided to all questions so students can check their answers and important points are highlighted in each answer. Special emphasis has been placed on the selection of questions to ensure that each question illustrates one or more fundamental principles of organic chemistry. Interspersed throughout the book are minireviews that cover the material pertaining to a particular topic. The specific literature references corresponding to each question are included and students can look up those references for more contextual information. Includes a large number of carefully-selected mechanism questions and step-by-step solutions, including explanatory comments
Organic Transistor Devices for In Vitro Electrophysiological Applications
by Andrea SpanuThis thesis reports on a novel system forextracellular recordings of the activity of excitable cells, which relies on anorganic, charge-modulated field-effect transistor (FET) called OCMFET. Thebook shows how, thanks to the intrinsic biocompatibility, lightness, andinexpensiveness of the material used, this new system is able to overcome severalproblems typical of of "classic" electronic andbioelectronic. Itprovides a full description of the system, together with a comprehensive reportof the successful experimental trials carried out on both cardiac and nervecells, and a concise yet comprehensive overview of bioelectronic interfaces andorganic sensors for electrophysiological applications.
Organisational Capacity Building in Health Systems
by Niyi AwofesoCapacity building – which focuses on understanding the obstacles that prevent organisations from realising their goals, while promoting those features that help them to achieve measurable and sustainable results – is vital to improve the delivery of health care in both developed and developing countries. Organisations are important structural building blocks of health systems because they provide platforms for delivery of curative and preventive health services, and facilitate health workforce financing and functions. Organisational capacity building involves more than training and equipment and this book discusses management capacity to restructure systems, structures and roles strategically to optimise organisational performance in healthcare. Examining the topic in a practical and comprehensive way, Organisational Capacity Building in Health Systems is divided into five parts, looking at: What health organisations are and do Management and leadership in health organisations How to build capacity in health systems Building capacity in a range of health system contexts Dealing with challenges in building capacity and evaluating work Looking at how to effectively design, implement and evaluate organisational capacity building initiatives, this book is ideal for public health, health promotion and health management researchers, students and practitioners.
Organisational Development in Healthcare: Approaches, Innovations, Achievements
by Edward PeckOrganisational Development in Healthcare introduces the practical ways in which change in health services can be promoted. It includes descriptions of all of the most important approaches to change currently being used in the NHS, discussion of when they work best and details of the evidence of their impact.
Organisational innovation in health services: Lessons from the NHS treatment centres
by John Gabbay Andrée Le MayAmid a welter of simultaneous policy initiatives, treatment centres were a top-down NHS innovation that became subverted into a multiplicity of solutions to different local problems. This highly readable account of how and why they evolved with completely unforeseen results reveals clear, practical lessons based on case study research involving over 200 interviews. Policy makers, managers and clinicians undertaking any organisational innovation cannot afford to ignore these findings.
Organisationsdesign 4.0 von A-Z.
by Gerhard WestermayerIn diesem Buch geht es um nachhaltige Organisationsentwicklung 4.0. Sie erfahren, wie Freude an der Arbeit bessere Arbeitsergebnisse schafft und Lernerfolge fördert, während Ärger zum Rückgang von Produktivität führt und krank macht. So lernen Sie, wie eine Unternehmenskultur geschaffen werden kann, die Freude und Mitarbeitermotivation steigert und Gefährdungen reduziert, während das Unternehmen Gewinne steigern kann.Analog den 26 Buchstaben des Alphabets wurden aus 16 bekannten Gesundheitspotenzialen für Arbeitsfreude und 10 Gesundheitsgefährdungen diejenigen identifiziert, die für Unternehmen die wichtigsten und stärksten Einflüsse auf die Motivation der Mitarbeiter haben, und damit zum begrifflichen Grundgerüst eines resilienten Organisationsdesign 4.0. gehören. Basierend auf einem Referenzdatenpool, der mehr als 20 000 Befragte aus allen Branchen umfasst, bietet dieses Fachbuch eine wertvolle Analyse und Hilfestellung für Unternehmer, Führungskräfte und Berater.Zielgruppen:Führungskräfte, Personalverantwortliche, Organisationsentwickler, Unternehmer, Betriebsräte, Krankenkassen, etc.Zum Autor: Dr. Gerhard Westermayer ist Autor von mehr als 60 wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen und seit mehr als 30 Jahren erfolgreich in der Organisationsentwicklung tätig.
Organisationskultur und Quartiersöffnung in der stationären Altenhilfe (Vallendarer Schriften der Pflegewissenschaft #8)
by Hermann Brandenburg Martin Lörsch Judith Bauer Bernadette Ohnesorge Christian GrebeDie Quartiersöffnung der stationären Altenhilfe bietet zwei Chancen: Einerseits kann die interne Organisation und die Struktur der Pflegeheime weiterentwickelt werden und anderseits ein Beitrag zu den „sorgenden Gemeinschaften“ geleistet werden. Aber in welcher Art und Weise stellen sich die Heime dieser Herausforderung? Welche Konzepte und Erfahrungen liegen bereits vor? Was sind fördernde und hemmende Bedingungen dieser Entwicklung? Mit diesen Fragen hat sich ein empirisches Forschungsprojekt beschäftigt – Gut alt werden in Rheinland-Pfalz (GALINDA), das seitens der Pflegewissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Philosophisch-Theologischen Hochschule Vallendar durchgeführt wurde. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass in der Organisationskultur der Einrichtungen ein Schlüssel der Veränderung und Innovation liegt. Hier die entsprechenden Akzente zu setzen, ist Aufgabe der Verantwortlichen vor Ort, der Träger, aber selbstverständlich auch der Politik. Eine interne und externe Unterstützungskultur im Hinblick auf Öffnung und De-Institutionalisierung ist erforderlich, hierzu kann GALINDA belastbare Aussagen treffen. Datengrundlage sind Interviews, Beobachtungen und Gruppendiskussionen in mehreren Standorten sowie eine landesweit durchgeführte standardisierte Erhebung in Rheinland-Pfalz.
Organising Care in a Time of Covid-19: Implications for Leadership, Governance and Policy (Organizational Behaviour in Healthcare)
by Justin Waring Jean-Louis Denis Anne Reff Pedersen Tim TenbenselThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to radical transformations in the organisation and delivery of health and care services across the world. In many countries, policy makers have rushed to re-organise care services to meet the surge demand of COVID-19, from re-purposing existing services to creating new ‘field’ hospitals. Such strategies signal important and sweeping changes in the organisation of both ‘COVID’ and ‘non-COVID’ care, whilst asking more fundamental questions about the long-term organisation of care ‘after COVID’. In some contexts, the pandemic has exposed the fragilities and vulnerabilities of care systems, whilst in others, it has shown how services are organised to be more resilient and adaptive to unanticipated pressures. The COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to examine empirically and to develop new theoretical frameworks on how and why health systems adapt to such unusual and intense pressures. International contributors consider how responses to COVID-19 are transforming the organisation and governance of health and care services and explore questions around strategic leadership at local, regional, national and transnational level. The book offers unique insight and analysis on the dynamics of policy-making, the organisation and governance of care organisations, the role of technologies in governing, the changing role of professionals and the possibilities for more resilient care systems.
Organising for Social Change: A Study in the Theory and Practice of Community Work (National Institute Social Services Library)
by David N. ThomasOriginally published in 1976, the aim of this book was to understand the contribution of community work to meeting some of the problems to be found in many of Britain’s inner city neighbourhoods. It describes the community work process and the tasks, roles and skills of the professional community worker as he interacts with neighbourhood groups and service agencies. The author also indicates some of the strengths of collective action and its likely benefits and costs to those who participate. The book includes an examination of how to effect changes in the delivery of services from statutory and voluntary agencies, as well as an assessment of the community project of which the author was a staff member. The book is a contribution to the theory of community work and practice, and it is based upon the experience of those who worked in, and used, the Southwark Community Project, established by the National Institute for Social Work. It was written for practitioners, teachers and students of community work, as well as for other closely involved in community affairs such as teachers, playground workers, planners and social workers.
The Organization from Within: A comparative study of social institutions based on a sociotherapeutic approach
by Cyril SoferTavistock Press was established as a co-operative venture between the Tavistock Institute and Routledge & Kegan Paul (RKP) in the 1950s to produce a series of major contributions across the social sciences. This volume is part of a 2001 reissue of a selection of those important works which have since gone out of print, or are difficult to locate. Published by Routledge, 112 volumes in total are being brought together under the name The International Behavioural and Social Sciences Library: Classics from the Tavistock Press. Reproduced here in facsimile, this volume was originally published in 1961 and is available individually. The collection is also available in a number of themed mini-sets of between 5 and 13 volumes, or as a complete collection.