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Organs for Sale: Bioethics, Neoliberalism, and Public Moral Deliberation
by Ryan GillespieOrgans for Sale is a study of the bioethical question of how to increase human organ supply. But it is also an inquiry into public moral deliberation and the relationship between economic worth and the value systems of a society. Looking closely at human organ procurement debates, the author offers a critique of neoliberalism in bioethics and asks what kind of society we truly want. While society has shown concern over debates surrounding organ procurement, a better understanding of the rhetoric of advocates and philosophical underpinnings of the debate might indeed improve our public moral deliberation in general and organ policy more specifically. Examining public arguments, this book uses a range of source material, from medical journals to congressional hearings to newspaper op-eds, to provide the most up-to-date and thorough analysis of the topic. Organs for Sale posits that deciding together on the limits of markets, and on what is and ought to be for sale, sheds light on the moral fibre of our society and what it needs to thrive.
Organs for Sale: An Ethnographic Examination of the International Organ Trade
by Susanne LundinOrgans for Sale.
Organs for Sale: An Ethnographic Examination of the International Organ Trade
by Susanne LundinIn this book, Susanne Lundin explores the murky world of organ trade. She tracks exploited farm workers in Moldova, prosecutors in Israel and surgeons in the Philippines. Utilizing unique source material she depicts a rapidly growing organ market characterized by both advanced medical technology and human trafficking.
Organspende – Geschenk oder moralische Pflicht? (#philosophieorientiert)
by Peter SchaberHaben wir eine moralische Pflicht, unsere Organe postmortal zu spenden? Oder handelt es sich dabei lediglich um einen Akt, der zwar wünschenswert, aber nicht gefordert ist? Und wie soll die Organspende geregelt werden? Soll man sich an der Zustimmungs- oder an der Widerspruchslösung orientieren und was genau sehen diese Regelungen jeweils vor? Und welche Rolle im Entscheidungsprozess soll den hinterbliebenen Angehörigen zukommen? Schaber argumentiert dafür, dass wir eine moralische Pflicht haben, unsere Organe postmortal zur Verfügung zu stellen, und dass die Organentnahme nach Maßgabe einer von ihm sogenannten ‚Erklärungslösung‘ geregelt werden sollte: Der Staat müsste die Bürger*innen regelmäßig darauf hinweisen, sich zur Organspende zu äußern, falls keine Bereitschaft zur Organentnahme vorliegt.
Organspende als Herausforderung gelingender Kommunikation (Medizin, Kultur, Gesellschaft)
by Elena Link Julia Inthorn Monika E. Fuchs Charlotte Koscielny Frank LogemannKommunikation im Kontext der Organspende gehört zu den sensibelsten und herausforderndsten Aufgaben im Klinikalltag. Angehörige und medizinisches Fachpersonal begegnen sich in einer äußerst belastenden Phase der Unsicherheit, Trauer und Verletzlichkeit. Dennoch müssen sie gemeinsam klären, ob ein Organspendeausweis vorliegt und das bereits intensivmedizinisch betreute Familienmitglied einer Organspende zustimmen würde. Die Interessen der Beteiligten unterscheiden sich und treffen sich zugleich in der Zielsetzung, den Willen des Patienten mit dieser Entscheidung umzusetzen. Der interdisziplinär angelegte Band reflektiert die im Feld bestehenden Kontingenzen. Er zielt auf eine Präzisierung der Wahrnehmung und erörtert Handlungsoptionen, die dazu beitragen können, diese spezifische Kommunikationssituation konkret zu entlasten.
Organtransplantation mit Lebendspende
by Utz Settmacher Falk RauchfußAlle Aspekte der Lebendorganspende sind in diesem Buch fundiert und detailliert beschrieben. Die Kapitel wurden von Experten verfasst, die die aktuelle Literatur und ihre klinische Erfahrung in die Darstellung einbeziehen. Neben der Durchführung der Organ(teil)entnahme und –transplantation bei Kindern und Erwachsenen nehmen die Vor- und Nachbetreuung sowohl der Spender als auch der Empfänger breiten Raum ein. Dazu gehört auch, betroffene Patienten überhaupt auf die Möglichkeit einer Lebendspende anzusprechen. Zusätzlich zu den beiden häufigen Eingriffen (Nierenspende und Leberteilorganspende) werden seltene Verfahren der Teilorgantransplantation (Lunge, Pankreas, Darm, Uterus) dargestellt.Das Buch wendet sich an Ärzte in den Transplantationszentren sowie an die Kollegen, die Patienten vor der Transplantation bzw. der Indikationsstellung zur Transplantation betreuen.Angesichts des bestehenden Organmangels stellt die Lebendspende eine wichtige Therapieoption dar, um potentiellen Empfängern die Transplantation zu ermöglichen.
Orgullo enfermero: Ni héroes ni villanos, lo que siempre fuimos
by Enfermera SaturadaEl testimonio de cómo las enfermeras luchamos contra un virus que paralizó al mundo. 2020 fue el Año Internacional de las Enfermeras. Lo celebramos de un modo extraño y al que no estamos acostumbradas: luchando contra el coronavirus debajo de un EPI, siendo protagonistas en los balcones de cada casa, en los medios de comunicación y, finalmente, en los centros de vacunación. No hubo fiestas ni actos especiales en nuestro año ni en el siguiente, pero sí hubo un sentimiento de orgullo por saber que estábamos haciendo historia. Siempre habíamos estado ahí, pero pocas veces se nos había visto tanto. También seguiremos estando cuando se apaguen los focos. Esta es la historia de todo lo que sucedió después de la primera ola, cuando veíamos con desesperación cómo la Covid-19 volvía a llenar hospitales, de una pandemia que jamás olvidaremos y de la campaña de vacunación más grande que la humanidad ha vivido. Millones de dosis de esperanza administradas con orgullo por enfermeros y enfermeras alrededor del mundo, los mismos que primero lucharon armados con bolsas de basura y que lo hicieron después con una jeringuilla en la mano. Esta es la historia de una enfermera que luchó contra el coronavirus en primera línea, armada con una bolsa de basura y una mascarilla reutilizada. Pero, en realidad, es también la de todos los enfermeros y las enfermeras que plantaron cara al virus, esos a los que la sociedad llamó héroes, y por quienes aplaudía a las ocho, mientras ellos y ellas vivían con el miedo pegado a su espalda. Es el testimonio de sus lágrimas, temores y sacrificios, y a la vez de la inmensa felicidad que sentían cada vez que apagaban un respirador y entregaban el alta a un paciente. "El testimonio de cómo las enfermeras vivimos los días en que un virus paralizó el mundo en poco más de tres meses y sumió a España en la peor pandemia del siglo XXI."
ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research
by Nicholas H. Steneck David ZinnThe ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research draws together in a single, easy-to-read book the fundamentals of responsible research. Readers are guided through the complex world of regulations and best practices, from initial design through to publication. Each chapter is devoted to one of ORI’s nine core areas, include: research misconduct, human and animal research, data management, conflict of interest, collaboration, mentoring, authorship and peer review. <p><p> While it is often assumed that researchers learn responsible practices on the job, many do not. And unfortunately, sometimes what they learn on the job is misguided or wrong. The ORI Introduction to RCR provides an easy way for anyone from beginning undergraduate researcher to experienced postdoc, faculty member or industrial scientist to learn what society expects of them as professionals. Opening cases, study questions, and additional readings make this book ideal for classroom use. A series of original cartoons by artist David Zinn at the beginning of each chapter use humor as a way to engage the reader in this serious and vitally important topic. <p><p> This important and authoritative publication was created by the U.S. Government to further activities and support programs that enhance education in the responsible conduct of scientific research. It supplements existing resources by making a comprehensive overview of basic rules of the road for responsible research available to all Public Health Service funded researchers, with a special focus on the needs of small and mid-size research institution and beginning researchers in mind.
Oriental Stories as Tools in Psychotherapy: The Merchant and the Parrot
by N. PeseschkianIf you give someone a fish, you feed him only once. If you teach him how to fish, he can feed himself forever. ---Oriental wisdom When a German or American comes home in the evening, he wants his peace and quiet. That, at least, is the general rule. He sits down in front of the television, drinks his hard-earned beer and reads his newspaper, as if to say, "Leave me in peace. After working so hard, I have a right to it." For him, this is relaxation. In the East, a man relaxes in a different way. By the time he comes home, his wife has already invited a few guests, relatives, or family and business friends. By chatting with his guests, he feels relaxed, as though freely translating the motto "Guests are a gift from God." Relaxation can thus mean many things. There is no set definition for everything that relaxation comprises. People relax in the way they have learned how, and the way they hav~earned is what is customary in their family or group, or in the social circle to which they belong.
Orientation And Mobility: Techniques For Independence
by Steve La Grow Richard LongSuccess-based programme of instruction to overcome limitations to independent movement in a range of situations including stairs, doors, narrow spaces and seating.
The Origin and Onset of Thrombus Disease: Collapsed Balancing Function Of Immune Cells And Triggering Factors
by Lemin WangThis book analyzes the internal and external causes of acquired and familiar venous thrombosis and proposes the origins and onset of venous thrombus diseases and their triggering factors. It discusses venous and arterial thrombus in two parts, each starting from the genomics and the findings of immunocytological research conducted in a variety of clinical groups and on different experimental models and revealing the mechanisms behind the development of thrombotic diseases and the pathogenesis processes. Further, the book describes the clinical manifestation and the nature of the diseases. The book offers valuable insights important in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disease.
The Origin of a New Progenitor Stem Cell Group in Human Development: An Immunohistochemical-, Light- And Electronmicroscopical Analysis (Advances In Anatomy, Embryology And Cell Biology Ser. #230)
by Hubert Wartenberg Andreas Miething Kjeld MøllgårdThis book presents an overview of a new group of progenitor stem cells. Their origins were originally detected in light- and electron microscopical sections of plastic embedded human embryonal and fetal organs. The distribution of these cells can result in a large quantity of ectopic stem cells. The observation of these ectopic stem cells leads us to postulate the existence of a basic wave of stem cell progenitors. This process proceeds earlier and independently from germ cell migration. This first wave of progenitor stem cell migration initially reaches the peri-aortal AMG-region (Aortal-Mesonephric-Gonadal region). From here, some of these progenitor cells enter the aorta, are distributed through the vascular system and become the embryonal stem cells (reserve cells) in many peripheral tissues. A second part delivers progenitor cells for the adrenal 'anlage'. Within the peripheral Zona definitiva of the adrenal cortex the progenitor cells multiplicate and subsequently leave the adrenal cortex through a gate of the capsule. The progenitor cells arrive at the pre-aortal sympathic plexus ('second brain'). Within the plexus ganglia they form new organ-like clusters, the paraganglia. In a second process the progenitor cells (Chromaffine cells) enter sympathetic nerve bundles. Here an 'axonal migration' starts, which guides the progenitor cells to several peripheral organs. During this migration process the stem cells develop into their final state. In the adrenal cortex the ingrowing nerves guide the stem cells to the adrenal medulla. In the pancreas the ingrowing nerve fibers guide the stem cells to the islets. These newly detected stem cells represent a specific developmental step which is found only in humans.
Origin of Cancers
by Shi-Ming TuThe theory of a stem-cell origin of cancer is neither ground breaking nor earth shattering. Many prominent investigators have established the foundation for this concept and performed the vital experiments to support its validity and merit. The purpose of this book is to illustrate how this theory may completely transform our current views and perspective about cancer. It is anticipated that the variety of ramifications of a stem-cell origin of cancers will be embraced by the medical research community to bring new treatment modalities to the cancer patient.
Origin of Group Identity
by Luis P. VillarrealThe molecular evolution of viruses is fascinating and quite controversial, relevant to the evolution of living organisms, a determinant in pathogenesis by viruses, and amenable to detailed study in various laboratories around the globe. Evolution is the product of variation and selection. Genetic recombination is a major source of variation for evolutionary selection. Full understanding of virus evolution requires knowledge of the inventory of existing viruses, their distribution in biological space and time and their interactions with other viruses and living organisms. The basic focus of this volume will be to trace the evolution (or accumulation) of biological identity systems from molecules to microbes, through animals to primate and human social structure. Overall, the volume will be organized so that it will trace the evolution of group identification systems from simple unicellular life forms, through the 'tree of life' all the way to complex hominid social structures. Such an evolutionary tracing has not been previously published, thus the book will develop and present a unique organization of information. The focus of this book will also be to understand the mechanisms that allow group (social) identification and communication systems to function. Sensory identification systems, especially receptors, will be emphasized. In unicellular and early multicellular organisms, addiction modules (toxins and antitoxins, often from genetic parasites) are most commonly used as biological group identification systems. Later in evolution, odor receptors, in particular, provide a clear evolutionary trail that can be followed from microbes to humans. Photo and visual receptors are also considered along with the neurological systems that process receptor information. Visual and audio based social imprinting will also be presented. In addition, the book will seek to understand the underlying evolutionary forces that drive the creation of group identification systems. In particular, 'addiction' based molecular strategies will be examined. A unique element of this book will be to evaluate the role of genetic parasites in the origination of such addiction modules. The recent explosion of genomic databases and information will be called on heavily as evidence for this part of the book.
Origin of Intelligence in the Child: Selected Works vol 3 (Modern Psychology Ser.)
by Jean PiagetFirst published in 1997. This is Volume III of selected works of Jean Piaget which explores his concepts on the origins of intelligence in children. The theses developed in this volume, concern in particular the formation of the sensorimotor schemata and the mechanism of mental assimilation.
Origin of Life via Archaea: Shaped Droplets to Archaea First, with a Compendium of Archaea Micrographs (Astrobiology Perspectives on Life in the Universe)
by Richard GordonThis book surveys the models for the origin of life and presents a new model starting with shaped droplets and ending with life as polygonal Archaea; it collects the most published micrographs of Archaea (discovered only in 1977), which support this conclusion, and thus provides the first visual survey of Archaea. Origin of Life via Archaea’s purpose is to add a new hypothesis on what are called “shaped droplets”, as the starting point, for flat, polygonal Archaea, supporting the Vesicles First hypothesis. The book contains over 6000 distinct references and micrographs of 440 extant species of Archaea, 41% of which exhibit polygonal phenotypes. It surveys the intellectual battleground of the many ideas of the origin of life on earth, chemical equilibrium, autocatalysis, and biotic polymers. This book contains 17 chapters, some coauthored, on a wide range of topics on the origin of life, including Archaea’s origin, patterns, and species. It shows how various aspects of the origin of life may have occurred at chemical equilibrium, not requiring an energy source, contrary to the general assumption. For the reader’s value, its compendium of Archaea micrographs might also serve many other interesting questions about Archaea. One chapter presents a theory for the shape of flat, polygonal Archaea in terms of the energetics at the surface, edges and corners of the S-layer. Another shows how membrane peptides may have originated. The book also includes a large table of most extant Archaea, that is searchable in the electronic version. It ends with a chapter on problems needing further research. Audience This book will be used by astrobiologists, origin of life biologists, physicists of small systems, geologists, biochemists, theoretical and vesicle chemists.
Origin Story: The Trials of Charles Darwin
by Howard MarkelA lively account of how Darwin’s work on natural selection transformed science and society, and an investigation into the mysterious illness that plagued its author. By early morning of June 30, 1860, a large crowd began to congregate in front of Oxford University’s brand-new Museum of Natural History. The occasion was the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and the subject of discussion was Charles Darwin’s new treatise: fact or fiction? Darwin, a simultaneously reclusive and intellectually audacious squire from Kent, claimed to have solved “that mystery of mysteries,” introducing a logical explanation of the origin of species—how they adapted, even transmogrified, through natural selection. At stake, on that summer’s day of spirited debate, was the very foundation of modern biology, not to mention the future of the church. Without fear of exaggeration, Darwin’s thesis would forever change our understanding of the life sciences and the natural world. And yet the author himself was nowhere to be found in the debate hall—instead, he was miles away, seeking respite from a spate of illnesses that had plagued him for much of his adult life. In Origin Story, medical historian Howard Markel recounts the two-year period (1858 to 1860) of Darwin’s writing of On the Origin of Species through its spectacular success and controversy. Simultaneously, Markel delves into the mysterious health symptoms Darwin developed, combing the literature to emerge with a cogent diagnosis of a case that has long fascinated medical historians. The result is a colorful portrait of the man, his friends and enemies, and his seminal work, which resonates to this day.
The Origins And History Of Consciousness (Bollingen Ser. #Vol. 42)
by Neumann, ErichFirst Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Origins of AIDS
by Jacques PépinIt is now forty years since the discovery of AIDS, but its origins continue to puzzle doctors, scientists and patients. Inspired by his own experiences working as a physician in a bush hospital of Zaire, Jacques Pépin looks back to the early twentieth-century events in central Africa that triggered the emergence of HIV/AIDS and traces its subsequent development into the most dramatic and destructive epidemic of modern times. He shows how the disease was first transmitted from chimpanzees to man and then how military interventions, urbanisation, prostitution and large-scale colonial medical campaigns intended to eradicate tropical diseases combined to disastrous effect to fuel the spread of the virus from its origins in Léopoldville to the rest of Africa, the Caribbean and ultimately worldwide. This is an essential perspective on HIV/AIDS and on the lessons that must be learned as the world faces another pandemic.
The Origins of AIDS
by Jacques PepinIt is now thirty years since the discovery of AIDS but its origins continue to puzzle doctors and scientists. Inspired by his own experiences working as an infectious diseases physician in Africa, Jacques Pepin looks back to the early twentieth-century events in Africa that triggered the emergence of HIV/AIDS and traces its subsequent development into the most dramatic and destructive epidemic of modern times. He shows how the disease was first transmitted from chimpanzees to man and then how urbanization, prostitution, and large-scale colonial medical campaigns intended to eradicate tropical diseases combined to disastrous effect to fuel the spread of the virus from its origins in Léopoldville to the rest of Africa, the Caribbean and ultimately worldwide. This is an essential new perspective on HIV/AIDS and on the lessons that must be learnt if we are to avoid provoking another pandemic in the future.
The Origins of COVID-19: China and Global Capitalism
by Li ZhangA new strain of coronavirus emerged sometime in November 2019, and within weeks a cluster of patients began to be admitted to hospitals in Wuhan with severe pneumonia, most of them linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. China's seemingly effective containment of the first stage of the epidemic, in glaring contrast with the uncontrolled spread in Europe and the United States, was heralded as a testament to the Chinese Communist Party's unparalleled command over the biomedical sciences, population, and economy. Conversely, much academic and public debate about the origins of the virus focuses on the supposedly "backwards" cultural practice of consuming wild animals and the perceived problem of authoritarianism suppressing information about the outbreak until it was too late. The Origins of COVID-19, by Li Zhang, shifts debate away from narrow cultural, political, or biomedical frameworks, emphasizing that we must understand the origins of emerging diseases with pandemic potential (such as SARS and COVID-19) in the more complex and structural entanglements of state-making, science and technology, and global capitalism. She argues that both narratives, that of China's victory and the racist depictions of its culpability, do not address—and even aggravate—these larger forces that degrade the environment and increase the human-wildlife interface through which novel pathogens spill over into humans and may rapidly expand into global pandemics.
The Origins of Health and Disease
by Michael E. HylandSome phenomena in medicine and psychology remain unexplained by current theory. Chronic fatigue syndrome, repetitive strain injury and irritable bowel syndrome, for example, are all diseases or syndromes that cannot be explained in terms of a physiological abnormality. In this intriguing book, Michael E. Hyland proposes that there is a currently unrecognised type of illness which he calls 'dysregulatory disease'. Hyland shows how such diseases develop and how the communication and art of medicine, good nursing care, complementary medicine and psychotherapy can all act to reduce the dysregulation that leads to dysregulatory disease. The Origins of Health and Disease is a fascinating book that develops a novel theory for understanding health and disease, and demonstrates how this theory is supported by existing data, and how it explains currently unexplained phenomena. Hyland also shows how his theory leads to new testable predictions that, in turn, will lead to further scientific advancement and development.
The Origins Of Love And Hate (Key Texts In The Psychology Of Health And Illness)
by Suttie, Ian DFirst published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Origins of Schizophrenia
by Alan Brown Paul PattersonThe Origins of Schizophrenia synthesizes key findings on a devastating mental disorder that has been increasingly studied over the past decade. Advances in epidemiology, translational neuroscience technology, and molecular and statistical genetics have recast schizophrenia's neurobiological nature, identifying new putative environmental risk factors and candidate susceptibility genes. Providing the latest clinical and neuroscience research developments in a comprehensive volume, this collection by world-renowned investigators answers a pressing need for balanced, thorough information, while pointing to future directions in research and interdisciplinary collaboration.The book, featuring a foreword by Robert Freedman, M.D., thoroughly examines these topics from the vantage points of epidemiologic, clinical, and basic neuroscience approaches, making it an essential resource for researchers in psychiatry, psychology, and neuroscience and for clinical mental health professionals.
Origins of the Modern Mind: Three Stages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition
by Merlin DonaldThis bold and brilliant book asks the ultimate question of the life sciences: How did the human mind acquire its incomparable power? In seeking the answer, Merlin Donald traces the evolution of human culture and cognition from primitive apes to artificial intelligence, presenting an enterprising and original theory of how the human mind evolved from its presymbolic form.