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Viruses: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)
by Dorothy H. CrawfordViruses are big news. From pandemics such as HIV, swine flu, and SARS, we are constantly being bombarded with information about new lethal infections. In this Very Short Introduction Dorothy Crawford demonstrates how clever these entities really are. From their discovery and the unravelling of their intricate structures, Crawford demonstrates how these tiny parasites are by far the most abundant life forms on the planet. With up to two billion of them in each litre of sea water, viruses play a vital role in controlling the marine environment and are essential to the ocean's delicate ecosystem. Analyzing the threat of emerging virus infections, Crawford recounts stories of renowned killer viruses such as Ebola and rabies as well as the less known bat-borne Nipah and Hendra viruses. Pinpointing wild animals as the source of the most recent pandemics, she discusses the reasons behind the present increase in potentially fatal infections, as well as evidence suggesting that long term viruses can eventually lead to cancer. By examining our lifestyle in the 21st century, Crawford looks to the future to ask whether we can ever live in harmony with viruses, and considers the ways in which we may need to adapt to prevent emerging viruses with devastating consequences.
Visceral Leishmaniasis: Global Status 2010 edition
by Gideon Informatics Dr Stephen BergerVisceral Leishmaniasis: Global Status is one in a series of GIDEON ebooks which summarize the status of individual infectious diseases, in every country of the world. Data are based on the GIDEON database (www.gideononline.com) which relies on standard text books, peer-review journals, Health Ministry reports and ProMED, supplemented by an ongoing search of the medical literature. Chapters are arranged alphabetically, by country name. Each section is divided into five subsections. 1. Descriptive epidemiology 2. Summary of clinical features 3. Global status of the disease 4. Status of the disease in a specific country 5. References
Visceral Pain
by Stuart M. Brierley Nick J. SpencerThe chapters in this book are based on the Visceral Pain conference in Adelaide, Australia, under the auspices of the International Federation for Neurogastroenterology and Motility in 2021. This is one of the hottest fields of science and includes mechanisms involving how the microbiome communicates with the brain and how, when disordered, these mechanisms contribute to clinical diseases such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Researchers from around the globe presented their latest findings as a review of the current state of the art in the field from both the clinical and scientific points of view. These systems are now appreciated as being critical for shaping our well-being and their disorders underlie chronic clinical conditions of significant morbidity and mortality. The author team includes long-established authorities who significantly contributed to the advances in visceral pain research over the past two decades and the new generation that will continue to contribute to advancing our understanding of the field.
Visceral Pain: From Bench to Bedside
by Hong Jiang Ming Xia Bifa FanPatients with chronic visceral pain present a challenge for medical providers because of their vague presenting symptoms and frequent lack of identifiable pathology. Despite this, chronic visceral pain can be a debilitating medical condition that increases morbidity and decreases quality of life; the long-term consequences of which cause significant socioeconomic burden and debility. Covering the newest trends, studies, diagnosis and treatments in visceral pain care, as well as the pain treatment strategies that have been successfully employed in the past, this book brings readers fully up to date with effective recognitions and treatments for visceral pain. The clinical evaluation and presentation of common chronic visceral pain conditions and multimodal treatment options that can be used to assist patients and providers are focused.
Vision: How It Works and What Can Go Wrong
by John E. Dowling Joseph L. DowlingDescriptions of basic visual mechanisms and related clinical abnormalities, by a neuroscientist and an ophthalmologist.Over the past fifty years, enormous progress has been made in understanding visual mechanisms and treating eye disorders. And yet the scientist is not always aware of the latest clinical advances and the clinician is often not up to date on the basic scientific discoveries. Writing in nontechnical language, John and Joseph Dowling, a neuroscientist and an ophthalmologist, examine vision from both perspectives, providing concise descriptions of basic visual mechanisms and related clinical abnormalities. Thus, an account of the photoreceptors is followed by a consideration of retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration; an explanation of the retina's function is followed by details of glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.The authors begin with the cornea and lens, which project an image on the light-sensitive elements inside the eye, the photoreceptors, and how that process can be compromised by such disorders as cataracts and corneal disease. They go on to describe, among other things, how the photoreceptors capture light; retinal and visual cortical anatomy and physiology; and higher level visual processing that leads to perception. Cortical disorders such as amblyopia are discussed as well as specific deficits such as the inability to recognize faces, colors, or moving objects. Finally, they survey the evolution of our knowledge of vision, and speculate about future advances.
Vision: How It Works and What Can Go Wrong
by Joseph L. Dowling John E. DowlingOver the past fifty years, enormous progress has been made in understanding visual mechanisms and treating eye disorders. And yet the scientist is not always aware of the latest clinical advances and the clinician is often not up to date on the basic scientific discoveries. Writing in nontechnical language, John and Joseph Dowling, a neuroscientist and an ophthalmologist, examine vision from both perspectives, providing concise descriptions of basic visual mechanisms and related clinical abnormalities. Thus, an account of the photoreceptors is followed by a consideration of retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration; an explanation of the retina's function is followed by details of glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The authors begin with the cornea and lens, which project an image on the light-sensitive elements inside the eye, the photoreceptors, and how that process can be compromised by such disorders as cataracts and corneal disease. They go on to describe, among other things, how the photoreceptors capture light; retinal and visual cortical anatomy and physiology; and higher level visual processing that leads to perception. Cortical disorders such as amblyopia are discussed as well as specific deficits such as the inability to recognize faces, colors, or moving objects. Finally, they survey the evolution of our knowledge of vision, and speculate about future advances.
Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information
by David MarrAvailable again, an influential book that offers a framework for understanding visual perception and considers fundamental questions about the brain and its functions. David Marr's posthumously published Vision (1982) influenced a generation of brain and cognitive scientists, inspiring many to enter the field. In Vision, Marr describes a general framework for understanding visual perception and touches on broader questions about how the brain and its functions can be studied and understood. Researchers from a range of brain and cognitive sciences have long valued Marr's creativity, intellectual power, and ability to integrate insights and data from neuroscience, psychology, and computation. This MIT Press edition makes Marr's influential work available to a new generation of students and scientists. In Marr's framework, the process of vision constructs a set of representations, starting from a description of the input image and culminating with a description of three-dimensional objects in the surrounding environment. A central theme, and one that has had far-reaching influence in both neuroscience and cognitive science, is the notion of different levels of analysis—in Marr's framework, the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the hardware implementation level. Now, thirty years later, the main problems that occupied Marr remain fundamental open problems in the study of perception. Vision provides inspiration for the continuing efforts to integrate knowledge from cognition and computation to understand vision and the brain.
Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information
by David Marr Tomaso Poggio Shimon UllmanDavid Marr's posthumously published Vision (1982) influenced a generation of brain and cognitive scientists, inspiring many to enter the field. In Vision, Marr describes a general framework for understanding visual perception and touches on broader questions about how the brain and its functions can be studied and understood. Researchers from a range of brain and cognitive sciences have long valued Marr's creativity, intellectual power, and ability to integrate insights and data from neuroscience, psychology, and computation. This MIT Press edition makes Marr's influential work available to a new generation of students and scientists. In Marr's framework, the process of vision constructs a set of representations, starting from a description of the input image and culminating with a description of three-dimensional objects in the surrounding environment. A central theme, and one that has had far-reaching influence in both neuroscience and cognitive science, is the notion of different levels of analysis -- in Marr's framework, the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the hardware implementation level. Now, thirty years later, the main problems that occupied Marr remain fundamental open problems in the study of perception. Vision provides inspiration for the continuing efforts to integrate knowledge from cognition and computation to understand vision and the brain.
Vision and Aging: Crossroads for Service Delivery
by Alberta L. OrrVision and Aging: Crossroads for Service Delivery focuses on the impact of visual impairment on older persons and their families. It also discusses the extent of that impact when services in the aging and blindness fields theoretically designed to enable older visually impaired persons to function independently are not available or accessible.
Vision And The Brain: Understanding Cerebral Visual Impairment In Children
by Amanda Hall Lueck Gordon DuttonCerebral visual impairment (also known as cortical visual impairment, or CVI) has become the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the United States and the developed world. Vision and the Brain is a unique and comprehensive sourcebook geared especially to professionals in the field of visual impairment, educators, and families who need to know more about the causes and types of CVI and the best practices for working with affected children. Expert contributors from many countries represent education, occupational therapy, orientation and mobility, ophthalmology, optometry, neuropsychology, psychology, and vision science, and include parents of children with CVI. The book provides an in-depth guide to current knowledge about brain-related vision loss in an accessible form to enable readers to recognize, understand, and assess the behavioral manifestations of damage to the visual brain and develop effective interventions based on identification of the spectrum of individual needs. Chapters are designed to help those working with children with CVI ascertain the nature and degree of visual impairment in each child, so that they can "see" and appreciate the world through the child's eyes and ensure that every child is served appropriately.
Vision and the Brain
by Amanda Hall Lueck Gordon N. Dutton EditorsCerebral visual impairment (also known as cortical visual impairment, or CVI) has become the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the United States and the developed world. Vision and the Brain is a unique and comprehensive sourcebook geared especially to professionals in the field of visual impairment, educators, and families who need to know more about the causes and types of CVI and the best practices for working with affected children. Expert contributors from many countries represent education, occupational therapy, orientation and mobility, ophthalmology, optometry, neuropsychology, psychology, and vision science, and include parents of children with CVI. The book provides an in-depth guide to current knowledge about brain-related vision loss in an accessible form to enable readers to recognize, understand, and assess the behavioral manifestations of damage to the visual brain and develop effective interventions based on identification of the spectrum of individual needs. Chapters are designed to help those working with children with CVI ascertain the nature and degree of visual impairment in each child, so that they can "see" and appreciate the world through the child's eyes and ensure that every child is served appropriately.
Vision and Value in Health Information
by Rigby MichaelVision and Value in Health Information offers a significant challenge: to find a place for health information in the modernization of health services in the UK. It comprises a collection of key essays from eminent contributors on the innovative use and development of information in health care.
Vision Facts: Questions about the Human Eye
by Jason Yang Pidgeon CharlesVision Facts is a question and answer guide to the wonders of the human eye, its complex structures and the process of visual perception. It traces the journey of vision from a ray of light entering the eye to the processing done by the brain, to the development and aging of the human visual system and common disorders associated with both processes. Organized in an intuitive question-and-answer format and accompanied by clear diagrams, Vision Facts provides answers regarding your vision in a manner accessible to all who are interested. Each topic includes references to external resources such as lecture notes and research papers for those who wish to delve deeper. It is a perfect handbook for anyone who is interested in visual science, sensory processing, neuroscience, or physiology; and is an excellent reference for anyone considering a career in ophthalmology or optometry.°Some examples of the questions include the following. What is the resolution of the eye? Why do astronomers often cover flashlights with a red filter while stargazing? What is color-blindness and how does it occur? What role does vision play in the circadian rhythm? What chemical signals cause the eye to develop into its mature form? How does alcohol during pregnancy affect eye development? How well can a newborn baby see? How does being born prematurely affect vision? What is 20/20 vision? How does aging affect vision? These are all questions that are addressed in Vision Facts, along with countless more.
Vision for Life
by Meir SchneiderIn Vision for Life, natural health pioneer Meir Schneider shares ten essential principles of healthy vision discovered in his forty-year personal and professional journey. Born blind, Schneider taught himself to see and developed an innovative program of healing and recovery that has helped thousands of people regain and improve their health. The exercises in this book will help you to create a basic eye health routine that you can immediately incorporate into your life. This program is not only strengthening but also restorative and deeply relaxing. You will learn how to reverse developing issues before they cause damage and how to remedy existing problems including near- and far-sightedness and lazy eye as well as cataracts, glaucoma, optic neuritis, detached retinas and tears, macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa. Vision for Life is not only for people who see poorly and would like to improve their vision, but also for those with 20/20 vision who wish to maintain their perfect eyesight as they grow older.Clients of the Meir Schneider Self-Healing Method experience their own capacity to bring about recovery, reversing the progress of a wide range of degenerative conditions such as arthritis and muscular dystrophy as well as eye disease. Based in part on the established Bates Method of eyesight improvement and in part on his own professional and personal discoveries, Meir Schneider's pioneering approach has helped thousands of people successfully treat a host of eye problems, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, lazy eye, double vision, glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, and nystagmus.Born blind to deaf parents, Schneider underwent a series of painful operations as a young child and was left with ninety-nine percent scar tissue on his eyes, resulting in his being declared incurably blind. At the age of seventeen, he discovered how to improve his vision from one percent to fifty-five percent of normal vision with the eye exercises presented in this book. Today Schneider drives a car, reads, and proves time and again that vision can and does improve with exercise. His contributions to the field of self-healing are recognized by alternative health practitioners and medical doctors alike.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Vision For Life: Ten Steps To Natural Eyesight Improvement
by Meir SchneiderIn Vision for Life, natural health pioneer Meir Schneider shares ten essential principles of healthy vision discovered in his forty-year personal and professional journey. Born almost blind, Schneider taught himself to see and developed an innovative program of healing and recovery that has helped thousands of people regain and improve their health. Vision for Life is packed with exercises for a natural eye health routine, which you can immediately incorporate into your life, and includes a set of eye chart posters to use together with the book. This program is not only strengthening but also restorative and deeply relaxing. You will learn how to reverse developing issues before they cause damage and how to remedy existing problems including near- and far-sightedness and lazy eye as well as cataracts, glaucoma, optic neuritis, detached retinas and tears, macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa. Vision for Life is not only for people who see poorly and would like to improve their vision, but also for those with 20/20 vision who wish to maintain their perfect eyesight as they grow older. Clients of the Meir Schneider Self-Healing Method experience their own capacity to bring about recovery, reversing the progress of a wide range of degenerative conditions such as arthritis and muscular dystrophy as well as eye disease. Based in part on the established Bates Method of eyesight improvement and in part on his own professional and personal discoveries, Meir Schneider's pioneering approach has helped thousands of people successfully treat a host of eye problems, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, lazy eye, double vision, glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, and nystagmus. Born blind to deaf parents, Schneider underwent a series of painful operations as a young child and was left with ninety-nine percent scar tissue on his eyes, resulting in his being declared incurably blind. At the age of seventeen, he discovered how to improve his vision from one percent to fifty-five percent of normal vision with the eye exercises presented in this book. Today Schneider drives a car, reads, and proves time and again that vision can and does improve with exercise. His contributions to the field of self-healing are recognized by alternative health practitioners and medical doctors alike.
Vision for Life, Revised Edition: Ten Steps to Natural Eyesight Improvement
by Meir Schneider M. Fernanda RibeiroAll parts of the body need exercise for optimal health, and the eyes are no different. Vision for Life presents an approach to eye health for people with 20/20 vision who wish to maintain their perfect vision as well as people who see poorly and would like to improve their eyesight. Clients of the Meir Schneider Self-Healing Method experience their own capacity to bring about recovery, reversing the progress of a wide range of degenerative conditions including eye disease. Based in part on the established Bates Method of eyesight improvement and in part on his own professional and personal discoveries, Meir Schneider's pioneering approach has helped thousands of people successfully treat a host of eye problems, including near- and farsightedness, astigmatism, lazy eye, double vision, glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, and nystagmus. This revised edition includes a new chapter on children's eye health and new research and exercises for specific conditions, i.e., glaucoma and nystagmus, near- and farsightedness. Born blind to deaf parents, Schneider underwent a series of painful operations as a young child and was left with 99 percent scar tissue on the lenses of his eyes, resulting in his being declared incurably blind. At the age of seventeen, he discovered how to improve his vision from less than 1 percent to 55 percent of normal vision with the eye exercises presented in this book. Today Schneider drives a car, reads, and enjoys the benefits of full natural vision. He and his clients prove time and time again how much vision can improve with exercise. His contributions to the field of self-healing are recognized by alternative health practitioners and medical doctors alike. In Vision for Life, Schneider shares forty years of discoveries made on his personal and professional journey. The book details simple but effective techniques to gain great vision such as sunning and palming. Such exercises are not only strengthening but also restorative and deeply relaxing. The reader learns how to reverse developing issues before they cause damage or to remedy existing problems, including pathologies such as glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and optic nerve neuropathy.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Vision Loss in an Aging Society: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
by John E. Crews Frank J. WhittingtonThis book makes an important contribution to our understanding of the many facets of experience facing those with eye problems. It does so through a multidisciplinary examination of the elements of professional practice, research, policy, and intervention related to vision loss and vision rehabilitation.
Vision, Perception, and Cognition: A Manual for the Evaluation and Treatment of the Adult with Acquired Brain Injury
by Barbara ZoltanVision Perception and Cognition, Fourth Edition is a concisely structured text that expertly addresses clinical reasoning and decision making for the entire evaluation and treatment process of the adult with acquired brain injury. Provided are theoretical information, guidelines for both static and dynamic assessment, information on specific standardized evaluations, guidelines for adaptive and restorative treatment based on described theoretical and evidence-based information, and information on environmental impact of client performance.
Vision Rehabilitation: Multidisciplinary Care of the Patient Following Brain Injury
by Penelope S. Suter Lisa H. HarveyProviding all of the necessary information required to provide post-acute vision rehabilitative care following brain injury, this multidisciplinary book bridges the gap between theory and practice and presents clinical information and scientific literature supporting the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies applied. It covers all areas of vision care including the structure and function of the eye, organization of visual perception in the brain, and rehabilitation concepts applied to the visual system. It offers cutting-edge research, prescribing lenses and prisms, and therapy techniques that will enable even the experienced clinician to provide enhanced care to the brain injury patient.
Vision Research Protocols
by P. Elizabeth RakoczyElizabeth Rakcozy and a team of leading clinical and experimental scientists describe in step-by-step detail the key techniques essential to effective molecular biological research in ophthalmology and optometry. These readily reproducible methods are adapted to the special requirements of vision research, with coverage that ranges from the most basic to the most sophisticated technologies. Included are methods for the down-regulation of gene expression, new gene therapy techniques, and for the development of transgenic and knockout animal models for testing novel therapies. Eminently accessible and clinically relevant, Vision Research Protocols provides experimental and biomedical investigators in ophthalmology and optometry with a rich panoply of most powerful tools with which to ask--and answer--all the important questions emerging from the dramatically advancing work in vision research today.
The Vision Zero Handbook: Theory, Technology and Management for a Zero Casualty Policy
by Karin Edvardsson Björnberg Sven Ove Hansson Matts-Åke Belin Claes TingvallThis open access handbook provides a comprehensive treatment of Vision Zero, an innovative policy on public road safety developed in Sweden. Covering all the major topics of the subject, the book starts out with a thorough examination of the philosophy, ideas and principles behind Vision Zero. It looks at conditions for the effectiveness of the policy, principles of safety and responsibility as well as critique on the policy. Next, the handbook focuses on how the Vision Zero ideas have been received and implemented in various legislations and countries worldwide. It takes into account the way Vision Zero is looked at in the context of international organizations such as the WHO, the UN, and the OECD. This allows for a comparison of systems, models and effects. The third part of the handbook discusses the management and leadership aspects, including ISO standards, equity issues, other goals for traffic and transportation, and opportunities for the car industry. Part four delves into tools, technologies and organizational measures that contribute to the implementation of Vision Zero in road traffic. Examples of specific elements discussed are urban and rural road designs, human factor designs, and avoiding drunk and distracted driving. The final part of the handbook offers perspectives on the transfer of Vision Zero policy to other areas, ranging from air traffic to suicide prevention and nuclear energy. Vision Zero is a public road safety policy including both a long-term goal that no one shall be killed or seriously injured as a consequence of accidents in road traffic and a safety principle stating that the design and function of the road transport system shall be adapted to meet the requirements that follow from that goal. It is a new road safety paradigm which has resulted in new types of responsibilities among stakeholders, technological innovations, and new strategies and organizational measures to achieve a safe system. The road safety work based on Vision Zero has shown promising results, and although Sweden has not yet reached a safe system, the number of fatalities and severe injuries has decreased substantially.This is an open access book.
Visions of DNA Nanotechnology at 40 for the Next 40: A Tribute to Nadrian C. Seeman (Natural Computing Series)
by Nataša Jonoska Erik WinfreeThis open access book provides a unique and state-of-the-art view on DNA nanotechnology with an eye toward future developments. Intended as a tribute to Nadrian C. Seeman, who founded the field of DNA nanotechnology, the content is an exciting mixture of technical and non-technical material, reviews, tutorials, perspectives, new findings, and open questions. The book aims to inspire current researchers to sit back and think about the big picture, while also enticing new researchers to enter the field. Most of all, the book captures voices from a unique moment in time: 40 years after the publication of the first paper that envisioned DNA nanotechnology.From this vantage point, what are the untold stories, the unspoken concerns, the underlying fundamental issues, the overlooked opportunities, and the unifying grand challenges? What will help us see more clearly, see more creatively, or see farther? What is transpiring right now that could pave the way for the future? To address these questions, leading researchers have contributed 22 chapters, grouped into five sections: perspectives, chemistry and physics, structures, biochemical circuits, and spatial systems.This book will be an important reference point in the field of DNA nanotechnology, both for established researchers looking to take stock of the field and its future, and for newcomers such as graduate students and researchers in other fields who are beginning to appreciate the power and applicability of its methods.
Visite! - Kommunikation auf Augenhöhe im interdisziplinären Team
by Alexander ForsterGeballte Fachkompetenz!Dieses Buch zeigt Pflegenden, Ärzten und weiteren Mitgliedern der Gesundheitsfachberufe, wie man eine Visite effizient und erfolgreich im Team durchführen kann. Dabei ist eine sinnvolle Rollenverteilung genauso wichtig, wie die örtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und zeitlichen Absprachen.
The Visiting Surgeon
by Lucy ClarkSurgeon Susie Monahan has no intention of acting on the high-voltage, instant attraction between her and gorgeous visiting orthopedic professor Jackson Myers. For one, she's been badly hurt before.Two, he's only in Brisbane for one week. And three, he's supposed to be married! But then Susie discovers the truth about Jackson's marriage, and despite her own fears she longs to hold him in her arms and never let him go--if she dares....
Visual Agnosia (Second Edition)
by Martha J. FarahThe second edition of the classic book on visualagnosia, updated to include disorders of semantic knowledge andtopographic recognition, and integrating perspectives from functional neuroimaging throughout.