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Tumor Ablation
by Yona KeisariThe growing knowledge on tumor-immune response interactions and on the tumor microenvironment did not translate so far into better control of cancer by anti-tumor vaccination. The percentage of patients who benefited from vaccination strategies is still too small to justify their general use. It is the aim of this book to present an alternative to the conventional approach of developing injected tumor vaccines to activate anti-tumor immunity, which will fight cancer. It is argued that in situ tumor ablation (destruction) that involves tumor antigen release; cross presentation and the release of danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can make the tumor its own cellular vaccine. Tumor ablation methods using chemicals, radiation, photodynamic therapy, cryoablation, high-temperature, radiofrequency, high intensity focused ultrasound, and electric-based ablation have been developed for focal tumors. In this book experts will deal with two main topics: I. What are the principles of the various ablation modalities, and II. How each method affects the tumor cells and their microenvironment, and how these effects are responsible for the induction of specific anti-tumor immunity. The aims of this book are thus: 1. Familiarize the readers with various methods of in situ tumor ablation. 2. Review the literature and stimulate comparisons on the efficacy of different ablation methods for the treatment of tumors of different histotypes. 3. Review the literature on the effects of various ablation methods on systemic and local anti tumor immunity and on other manifestations of the interactions of tumors with their microenvironment. 4. Stimulate comparative studies on the immunostimulatory effects of different ablation modalities.
Tumor Angiogenesis Assays
by Domenico RibattiThis volume aims to provide a range of methods and protocols for studying tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo to reflect advances in the field. The chapters in this book cover topics such as: morphological aspects of tumor angiogenesis, aortic ring assay and its use for the study of tumor angiogenesis, ex vivo tissue culture model for anti-angiogenic drug testing, transgenic zebrafish, orthotopic models of ovarian cancer, and uncovering metabolic effects of anti-angiogenic therapy in tumors by induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting edge and thorough, Tumor Angiogenesis Assays: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for anyone interested in tumor angiogenesis assay research.
Tumor Angiogenesis Assays: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2572)
by Domenico RibattiThis second edition provides new and updated methods and protocols for studying tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Chapters detail morphological aspects of tumor angiogenesis, aortic ring, ex vivo tissue culture model for anti-angiogenic drug testing, transgenic zebrafish, orthotopic models of ovarian cancer, and uncovering metabolic effects of anti-angiogenic therapy in tumors by induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging.Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Tumor Angiogenesis Assays: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for all researchers interested in learning more about this important and developing field.
Tumor Antigens Recognized by T Cells and Antibodies (Tumor Immunology Ser.)
by Hans J. Stauss Yutaka Kawakami Giorgio ParmianiRecent progress in fundamental tumor immunology has led to immunotherapy trials in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. In the past, immunotherapy approaches were primarily based on enhancement of tumor immunity with cytokines and adjuvant therapy, without knowledge of relevant tumor antigens. The discovery of tumor antigens c
Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts and their Matrix
by Margareta M. Mueller Norbert E. FusenigDuring the last 20 years it has become increasingly clear that the tumor micro-environment, the tumor stroma with its cellular end extracellular components, plays an crucial role in regulating tumor growth and progression. This book on "Tumor-associated fibroblasts and their matrix" as part of the series on "Tumor-Microenvironment" is the first comprehensive discussion of these two main players of the tumor microenvironment. The best experts in this new area of tumor research and therapy review the role of these major components in the tumor stroma in the process of tumor development and progression. They discuss their interaction with other players such as blood vessels and immune cells, and show novel perspectives for tumor therapy. This compilation of excellent contributions of the best known experts in this important field in cancer research and therapy is a must for all scientists engaged in basic and clinical research. Increasing evidence of successful targeting of both cellular and matrix components in tumor therapy renders this book of particular interest for scientists engaged in pharmaceutical industry searching for new components for cancer therapy.
Tumor Biomarker Discovery
by Michael A. TainskyThrough a variety of mechanisms, cancer cells provide the biomarker material that can lead to their own detection, which then grants clinicians the opportunity for non-invasive body fluid and tissue analysis able to indicate the presence of tumors or the level of tumor burden. In Tumor Biomarker Discovery: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field present detailed chapters focused on the use and development of panels of biomarker analytes while covering subjects such as nucleic acids and protein-based technologies, metabolic profiling by analytic means or spectroscopy, as well as study designs for biomarker discovery and validation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include brief introductions to the topics, lists of the necessary materials or reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Tumor Biomarker Discovery: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide to the technologies that can be used to discover and validate tumor biomarker panels suitable for the presymptomatic early detection of cancer.
Tumor Blood Circulation: Angiogenesis, Vascular Morphology and Blood Flow of Experimental and Human Tumors (Routledge Revivals)
by Hans-Inge PetersonFirst Published in 1979, this book offers a full, insight into the relationship between malignant tumors and blood flow. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of oncology, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Tumor Cell Metabolism
by Sybille Mazurek Maria ShoshanThe four sections of this book cover cell and molecular biology of tumor metabolism, metabolites, tumor microenvironment, diagnostics and epigenetics. Written by international experts, it provides a thorough insight into and understanding of tumor cell metabolism and its role in tumor biology. The book is intended for scientists in cancer cell and molecular biology, scientists in drug and diagnostic development, as well as for clinicians and oncologists.
Tumor Dormancy and Recurrence
by Yuzhuo Wang Francesco CreaThis volume will be the first to provide a comprehensive description of tumor dormancy. It will define the clinical and biological aspects of this phenomenon, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with tumor dormancy. Chapters will be authored by world-renewed experts who are conducting cutting-edge research in the field. A unique feature will be a conclusive paragraph detailing future development and foreseeable clinical applications at the end of each chapter. The volume will serve as a fundamental instrument for every researcher and clinician interested in the field of tumor dormancy as well as a means of disseminating stimulating concepts and prompting the development of innovative technological solutions.
Tumor Dormancy, Quiescence, and Senescence, Vol. 3
by M. A. HayatThis third volume in the series Tumor Dormancy, Quiescence, and Senescence discusses the role of tumor dormancy and senescence in a number of diseases, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer and leukemia. The contents are organized under five subheadings: General Applications, Role in Breast Cancer, Role in Ovarian Cancer, Role in Leukemia and Role in Cardiovascular Disease. The first section includes basic information on the definition of dormancy, how cells become senescent and what they do, along with an appraisal of the current state of research on dormancy. Section Two explores dormancy in breast cancer, including the progression of hormone-dependent mammary tumors after dormancy. Section Three details the resistance of Type II ovarian tumors, in which the resistant tumor cell population persists after chemotherapy in a state of dormancy, with recurrent tumors arising upon transformation of such dormant cells back to malignant growth. This section explains how lineage, histological subtypes and grade influence the differential response of ovarian cancer resistance to platinum drugs. The fourth section explores leukemia, discussing regulation of the promyelocytic leukemia protein and its role in premature senescence. The final section explores the role of senescence and autophagy in age-related cardiovascular diseases and the observation that autophagy seems to retard cardiac senescence. Like the two preceding volumes in the series, Volume 3 stands out for its comprehensive approach, its roster of some 26 expert contributors representing seven different countries and its up-to-date review of leading-edge technology and methods.
Tumor Dormancy, Quiescence, and Senescence, Volume 2
by M. A. HayatIn this second volume in the series exploring Tumor Dormancy, Quiescence, and Cellular Senescence, discussion is focused on the role of tumor dormancy in diseases such as breast cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, liver cancer and lung cancer. M. A. Hayat, the series editor, writes in the preface that little is known of factors regulating the transition of residual cancer into a dormant state or the subsequent reinitiation of growth. A majority of us, he says, have in situ tumors that may remain dormant or may progress into a lethal form of cancer; the former are prevented from recruiting their own blood supply. Section I covers Molecular Mechanisms, with chapters on the role of NAE inhibitor MLN4924; oncogene-induced senescence; the role played by mitogen-activated protein kinase in the induction of cellular senescence; mechanisms of premature cell senescence and other topics. Section II examines Tumor and Cancer, discussing defects in chromatin structure and diseases; the role of fibrosis in tumor progression and the dormant to proliferative switch; the function of ING proteins in cancer and senescence and more. The final section is devoted to Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, featuring chapters showing that senescent-derived pluripotent stem cells are able to redifferentiate into fully rejuvenated cells; that the transcription factor Gata2 regulates quiescence in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; and discussing dormancy and recurrence of cancer stem cells in bone. The contributors point out that the quiescent state regulates hematopoietic stem cells and muscle stem cells, and detail the role of kinase in the mediation of reversible quiescent state in a subset of ovarian, pancreatic, and colon cancers. Molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced cellular senescence and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and induction of premature senescence are also presented. Discussion includes the important role of microRNAs in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and senescence and the effect of microRNA as a modulator of cell proliferation in lung cancer. The book includes an explanation of the suppression of cellular senescence in glioblastoma brain tumor. Taking a broad and varied perspective, this volume was written by 70 contributors representing 11 countries.
Tumor Ecosystem: An Ecological View of Cancer Growth and Survival
by Erwei SongThis book intends to report new concept of onco-spheres in cancer ecosystem. Onco-spheres are defined as where cancer cells (living organisms) dynamically interact with nontumor cellular (other living organisms) and noncellular components (non-living environmental factors) in the ‘host’ internal environment (habitat) to construct a self-sustainable cancer ecosystem, which can be scoped at three different levels: primary/regional, distal and systemic onco-spheres. Cancer cells should be conceived as ‘living organisms’, interacting with cellular or noncellular components in the host internal environment, not only with the local tumor microenvironment (TME) but also constantly communicating with a distant organ niche as well interacting with the host’s nervous, endocrine and immune systems, to construct a self-sustainable ‘biosphere’, as we termed the tumor ecosystem. By looking at the interaction of cancer and host as a unique ecosystem, we will use ecology principles to further delineate the features of the dynamics of the tumor ecosystem. As the pioneer in proposing this concept, we feel that this full-scale overview of the tumor ecosystem is able to inform the readers about this concept, and to pave the way for designing novel therapeutic strategies on actionable targets within tumor ecosystem. The book is likely to be of interest to immunologist, biologist, medical students, researchers and general public who wish to learn more on this new concept of tumor ecosystem, and how this could be applied in many fields of research.
Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Cancer Progression and Cancer Therapy (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1036)
by Pawel KalinskiThe tumor microenvironment has become a very important and hot topic in cancer research within the past few years. The tumor microenvironment is defined as the normal cells, molecules, and blood vessels that surround and feed a tumor cell. As many scientists have realized, studying the tumor microenvironment has become critical to moving the field forward, since there are many players in a tumor’s localized and surrounding area, which can significantly change cancer cell behavior. There is a dual relationship wherein the tumor can change its microenvironment and the microenvironment can affect how a tumor grows and spreads. Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression and Cancer Therapy aims to shed light on the mechanisms, factors, and mediators that are involved in the cancer cell environment. Recent studies have demonstrated that in addition to promoting tumor progression and protecting tumor cells from the spontaneous immune-mediated rejection and different forms of cancer therapeutics, tumor microenvironment can also be a target and mediator of both standard and newly-emerging forms of cancer therapeutics. Thus, the dual role of the tumor microenvironment is the integral focus of the volume. The volume highlights the bi-directional interactions between tumor cells and non-malignant tumor component during tumor progression and treatment. It also focuses on the three groups of the reactive tumor component: stromal cells, blood vessels and the infiltrating immune cells. These three groups are discussed under the lens of their role in promoting tumor growth, shielding the tumor from rejection and from standard forms of cancer therapies. They are emerging as targets and mediators of standard and new forms of potential therapy.
The Tumor Immunoenvironment
by Michael R. Shurin Anatoli Malyguine Viktor UmanskyAnalysis of multidirectional immunological responses at the tumor site allows forming a new concept of The Tumor Immunoenvironment, which is introduced and discussed in the present book with a particular focus on the role of immune cells in controlling the tumor microenvironment at different stages of cancer development. The main goal of this publication is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the complex and unique role of the immune system, tumor-associated inflammation and tumor-mediated immunomodulation in cancer progression in a way that allows understanding the logistics of cellular and molecular interactions in the tumor lesions.
Tumor Immunology
by Monica Casucci Attilio BondanzaThis volume explores the still undiscovered secrets of tumor immunology and cancer immunology by discussing the methods and techniques that world-renowned experts in the field use in their laboratories. This book provides a better understanding of the rules governing tumor and cancer immunology, and discusses innovations in the technology of the immunological "smart bullets" (monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, tumor-reactive T cells) used to specifically target cancer cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and cutting-edge, Tumor Immunology: Methods and Protocols contains a wide breadth of subject coverage that any scientist, clinician, or industry professional interested in this field will find valuable.
Tumor Immunology and Cancer Therapy
by R. H. GoldfarbBased on a Tumor Immunology Symposium held in Pittsburgh, this work provides comprehensive coverage of the most important aspects of tumor immunology. It reveals novel approaches to the immunotherapy of cancer and presents complex issues in an accessible manner.
Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression
by Dmitry I. Gabrilovich Arthur Andrew HurwitzTumor-Induced Immune Suppression - Prospects and Progress in Mechanisms and Therapeutic Reversalpresents a comprehensive overview of large number of different mechanisms of immune dysfunction in cancer and therapeutic approaches to their correction. This includes the number of novel mechanisms that has never before been discussed in previous monographs. The last decades were characterized by substantial progress in the understanding of the role of the immune system in tumor progression. Researchers have learned how to manipulate the immune system to generate tumor specific immune response, which raises high expectations for immunotherapy to provide breakthroughs in cancer treatment. It is increasingly clear that tumor-induced abnormalities in the immune system not only hampers natural tumor immune surveillance, but also limits the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the mechanisms of tumor-induced immune suppression to make any progress in the field and this monograph provides these important insights.
Tumor Liquid Biopsies (Recent Results in Cancer Research #215)
by Florence Schaffner Jean-Louis Merlin Nikolas Von BubnoffThis book is a comprehensive guide to the techniques, clinical applications, and benefits of the different forms of liquid biopsy employed in patients with a variety of tumor types, including lung, breast and colorectal cancer. Offering detailed explanations, it discusses the how changes in tumors can be tracked using these cutting-edge technologies, which enable the detection and analysis of diverse circulating biomarkers: tumor cells, tumor DNA, tumor RNA (free or in exosomes), and fluid biomarkers identifiable by means of targeted proteomics. The use of such advanced technologies is enabling us to tackle questions and problems in a way that was not possible just a few years ago. We now have at our disposal an effective means of overcoming the problem of intratumor heterogeneity, which has limited the value of conventional biopsy approaches. As a consequence, oncology practice is about to change radically, toward truly personalized precision medicine. This book provides both clinicians and researchers with a thorough and up-to-date overview of progress in the field.
Tumor Marker and Carcinogenesis
by Manjul TiwariCancer may be regarded as a group of diseases characterized by an (i) abnormal growth of cells (ii) ability to invade adjacent tissue and even distant organs and(iii) the eventual death of the affected patient if the tumor has progressed beyond that stage when it can be successfully removed.
Tumor Marker Protocols
by Zbigniew Walaszek Margaret HanausekA much-needed collection of cutting-edge methods for the detection and discovery of new cancer markers, particularly molecular tumor markers. Each method is fully described by a hands-on expert who regularly uses it in the laboratory and has perfected it to a high degree of ready reproducibility. Special emphasis is given to statistical considerations in the analysis of tumor markers, recent discoveries in the field of serum and tissue marker proteins, cytogenetic markers, molecular markers, and markers for the early detection of cancer. The well-honed procedures detailed here will enable cancer researchers and clinical oncologists alike to realize the promise of these powerful new diagnostic strategies for the detection, therapy, and successful prevention of cancer.
Tumor Matrix Biology (CRC Press Revivals)
by Roza AdanyThis book would like to present the latest findings on different aspects of tumor matrix formation in connection with the tumor progression and metastasis and on alterations in the cellular components of tumor stroma during tumor demarcation and invasion.
Tumor Metabolome Targeting and Drug Development
by Steven KannerIn this volume, the major metabolic alterations identified in cancer and tumor-associated cells are explored, including discussions of former and emerging approaches to drug development in targeting cancer cell metabolism. The metabolic network in cells promotes the generation of both energy and biomass needed for them to grow, divide and differentiate. However, the metabolism of malignant cells generally varies from that of normal cells. These differences provide a platform for the discovery of new approaches to targeting potential vulnerabilities in cancer cells for therapeutic options Some of the significant changes that occur involve ATP production and consumption that modulates the ATP to ADP ratio, hypoxia and the effects of reactive oxygen species on glycolysis, regulation of mitochondrial respiration, induction and suppression of autophagy, and the Warburg effect and "reverse" Warburg effect--these topics and more are discussed in this volume.
The Tumor Microenvironment
by Rebecca G. BagleyThis book will explore the many biological and physical aspects of the tumor microenvironment. The book will include chapters on the various cells that influence tumor growth and function as well as the cell-associated and soluble proteins that can promote invasion and metastasis. Several chapters will describe endothelial cells and pericytes that form tumor vasculature. Insights on the role of progenitor and stem cells will be included. The contribution of the supporting stroma will be addressed in addition to cell-cell signaling and cell-matrix interactions. Additional chapters will describe the influence of infiltrating cells of the immune system on tumor growth.
Tumor Microenvironment: Signaling Pathways – Part A (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1223)
by Alexander BirbrairRevealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on how different signaling pathways are important in the tumor microenvironment. Multiple signaling pathways are covered, including S1P, neuregulin, Notch, erythropoietin, Rho-ROCK, mTOR, and more.Taken alongside its companion volumes, these books update us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment as well as future directions. Tumor Microenvironment: Signaling Pathways – Part A is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment.
Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Interleukins – Part A (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1240)
by Alexander BirbrairRevealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of interleukins in the tumor microenvironment. Each chapter focuses on the various ways to target the tumor microenvironment by intervention in the interleukin biology, including IL-1, IL-8, IL-21, IL-36 signaling, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Interleukins – Part A updates us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as future directions. This book is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment.