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Total Synthesis of Natural Products
by Jie Jack Li E. J. Corey'Total Synthesis of Natural Products' is written and edited by some of today's leaders in organic chemistry. Eleven chapters cover a range of natural products, from steroids to alkaloids. Each chapter contains an introduction to the natural product in question, descriptions of its biological and pharmacological properties and outlines of total synthesis procedures already carried out. Particular emphasis is placed on novel methodologies developed by the respective authors and their research groups. This text is ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, as well as organic chemists in academia and industry.
Total Synthesis of Natural Products with Antimicrobial Activity (Springer Theses)
by Andrew GiltrapThis thesis focuses on the development of efficient and scalable total syntheses of natural products that can be used as preferred scaffolds for anti-infective drug discovery. It describes the total synthesis of two classes of antimicrobial non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) – teixobactin and the skyllamycins – with subsequent biological evaluation. The first part describes the first total synthesis of teixobactin by means of a solid-phase peptide synthesis-macrolactamisation approach, yielding a synthetic natural product that can combat a number of clinically relevant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. The second part describes the first total synthesis of skyllamycins A-C, a family of structurally complex cyclic NRPs, which inhibit the growth of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms that are responsible for significant mortality among cystic fibrosis patients.
Total allergisch - na und?: Das Mutmacherbuch bei Neurodermitis, Heuschnupfen, Asthma & Co
by Daniela HalmJuckreiz, Niesattacken, Atemnot – wer allergisch ist, kennt diese Symptome und auch den Frust, dass es schon wieder losgeht, mit dem Heuschnupfen, mit einem Neurodermitisschub oder einer allergischen Reaktion auf Lebensmittel. Dabei gibt es viele Tipps und Tricks für den Alltag, um Allergien in den Griff zu bekommen. Auch Herausforderungen wie ein Kindergeburtstag, ein Schulausflug oder eine Urlaubsreise lassen sich mit guter Vorbereitung meistern. Das Miteinander ist ebenfalls Thema des Buchs: Wie gehe ich mit Belastungen oder mit unsensiblen Kommentaren anderer um? Sicher ist: Man steht nicht alleine da, es gibt Hilfe!Die Medizinjournalistin Daniela Halm ist selbst Mutter einer Tochter mit verschiedenen Allergien und kennt beides: persönliche Erfahrungen im Umgang mit der Erkrankung, aber auch die medizinischen Fakten rund um Allergien und was Patienten in Zukunft helfen könnte. Mit diesem Buch will sie vor allem Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Allergien und ihren Familien Mut machen und ihnen mit praktischen Tipps das Leben erleichtern. Eine spannende Reise durch die Welt der Allergie, nicht nur informativ, sondern auch mit einem Augenzwinkern erzählt.Empfehlung des Deutschen Allergie- und Asthmabunds: "Aus Sicht des DAAB schließt das Buch "Total allergisch - na und?" von Frau Halm eine Lücke auf dem deutschen Bücher- und Ratgebermarkt. Die Kombination aus praktischen Tipps, gut verständlich dargestelltem Stand der Wissenschaft und eigenen Erfahrungen und Erlebnissen aus dem Alltag einer Familie, die von Allergien, Asthma und Neurodermitis betroffen ist, macht die Besonderheit des Buches aus. Es ist dadurch ein hilfreicher Begleiter nicht nur für Betroffene selber, sondern auch für Fachpersonal, das mit allergischen Patienten zu tun hat.“
Total, Subtotal and Proximal Gastrectomy in Cancer
by Walter SiquiniThis richly illustrated volume describes the performance of total and subtotal gastrectomy with extended D2 lymphadenectomy by providing a detailed step-by-step guide to both manual and mechanical procedures. Gastric cancer is the fourth most commonly occurring cancer and the second most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide, and surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment. Although several aspects of surgical management are still controversial, all guidelines for the treatment of curable gastric cancer recommend subtotal gastrectomy (for tumors located in the antrum and corpus) or total gastrectomy (for tumors located in the fundus) with extended D2 lymphadenectomy. Various technical tips and secrets are revealed that serve to simplify the procedure and simultaneously make it more effective: by rendering esophagojejunal and gastrojejunal anastomosis more secure, the risk of leakage is minimized. High-quality intraoperative color photographs and drawings covering all steps facilitate understanding of these complex operations and will prove an invaluable tool for surgeons, residents and professionals in the field.
Total-Body PET/CT: Prospective Clinical Applications
by Hongcheng Shi Guobing Liu Yiqiu Zhang Hui Tan Pengcheng HuThis book systemically introduces physical properties and clinical applications of total-body PET/CT. Firstly, based on the results of a comparative study between total-body PET/CT and conventional digital PET/CT, the feasibility and diagnostic efficacy of rapid scanning are overviewed. Following chapters present the unique value of total-body PET/CT dynamic acquisition in pharmacokinetic research and its potential advantages, feasibility and optimized imaging of half-dose and one-tenth-dose total-body PET/CT scans. In addition, new technologies that are still being explored and perfected, such as gating technology and ultra-low dose CT are also included. It will be a useful reference for nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists who are interested in total body PET/CT.
Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices
by Isidoro Di Carlo Roberto BiffiSince their first application in 1982, Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices (TIVADs) have become increasingly important in the clinical practice, as more intensive chemotherapy and parenteral treatments have come into use. At this time, there is objective evidence that TIVADs are a safe, effective strategy for long-term venous access; they play a significant role throughout the management of the oncology patient, as they are needed in the initial phases for active treatments as well as in the last stages for palliative measures, making possible repeated administration of chemotherapeutic vesicant agents, nutrients, antibiotics, analgesics, and blood products. According to a number of prospective studies, use of TIVADs is associated with a significant complication rate (10% to 25% of all patients). Evidence-based data support that most complications are directly related to inappropriate technique of placement and/or nursing care, sometimes leading to TIVAD loss, significant morbidity, increased duration of hospitalization, and additional medical cost. A group of world-renowned experts - both in the clinical and research fields - contributed to this volume, whose aim is to provide clinicians, nurses and medical students with a multidisciplinary, full update on these devices, as long term central venous access can no be longer considered a routine matter, and serious complications can be maintained at a very low level only if strict adherence to a well-defined protocol of surgical technique and of catheter care is maintained.
Totem And Taboo: Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics
by Sigmund FreudThis is Volume IX of twenty-eight in the Psychoanalysis series. First published in 1950, the four essays comprised in this volume were originally published in the pages of the periodical Imago (Vienna) under the title 'Dber einige Obereinstimmungen im Seelenleben der Wilden und der Neurotiker'.
Touch
by David J. LindenThe New York Times bestselling author examines how our sense of touch and emotion are interconnectedJohns Hopkins neuroscientist and bestselling author of The Compass of Pleasure David J. Linden presents an engaging and fascinating examination of how the interface between our sense of touch and our emotional responses affects our social interactions as well as our general health and development. Accessible in its wit and clarity, Touch explores scientific advances in the understanding of touch that help explain our sense of self and our experience of the world.From skin to nerves to brain, the organization of the body's touch circuits powerfully influences our lives--affecting everything from consumer choice to sexual intercourse, tool use to the origins of language, chronic pain to healing. Interpersonal touch is crucial to social bonding and individual development. Linden lucidly explains how sensory and emotional context work together to distinguish between perceptions of what feels good and what feels bad. Linking biology and behavioral science, Linden offers an entertaining and enlightening answer to how we feel in every sense of the word.From the Hardcover edition.
Touch and Blindness: Psychology and Neuroscience
by Morton A. Heller Soledad BallesterosThis is a scholarly document concerning the neurological aspects of visual impairment.
Touched By Fire: Doctors Without Borders in a Third World Crisis
by Elliott LeytonWhen the rapes and massacres, the plagues, the famines, the floods, or the droughts erupt in far-off places, the world stands still. MSF does not. They are the “smoke jumpers” among international aid organizations. While others are often stymied or delayed by bureaucratic red tape, the men and women of Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières or MSF) move in. They provide food and clean water. They dig latrines. They set up first-aid stations and field hospitals. They treat all-comers according to need. Often they are the last to remain in situations abandoned by others as too dangerous. The risks they take are moral and ethical as well as mortal. They are acutely aware that giving aid is controversial. Does it really do any good to save a child from murder one day when it will probably starve in the weeks ahead? Is it appropriate to bring expensive western medicine into a country that, in the long run, can’t afford it? Should relief be given to civilians who are being starved on purpose, as part of a cynical political game, by a local warlord? Elliot Leyton and Greg Locke saw something of the implications of these and other questions when they travelled to Rwanda in the fall of 1996. There they found themselves plunged into a humanitarian crisis of epic proportions. Hundreds of thousands of people were on the move. Armed militias and hostile armies lurked in the background. Mass starvation, plague, and an eruption into civil or criminal violence were immediate possibilities. The two Canadians, one an internationally recognized expert on the psychology of killing, the other an experienced photo-journalist, had a rare opportunity to observe MSF in action at a time when the stress was enormous and its resources were stretched to the limit. They watched and listened, to the perpetrators of violence and their victims, to the survivors and those who gave them assistance, and, above all, to the people of MSF who dedicate themselves to saving lives because, in the words of one MSFer: “The world can afford a humanitarian ideal. ” The result of Leyton and Locke’s research is an extraordinary written and visual record of small miracles performed in the midst of catastrophe.
Touched by Angels
by Jennifer TaylorSome risks are worth taking... Meg's healing touch could give hope to the people of Oncamba, but she despaired of ever getting through to the leader of the medical aid team, Jack Trent. As the spitting image of his flighty ex-wife, Meg had a hard time convincing him that she was up to the job, let alone fighting her own desire for him. And when passion flared and Jack took her in his arms, Meg had to be sure that it was her he would be making love to....
Touched by Fire
by Greg DinalloAmid the flames, a killer is waiting . . .Appearances are deceiving when it comes to Dr. Lilah Graham, a hardworking, uncompromising genetic researcher who is driven by uncontrollable impulses that even she can&’t understand. When she suddenly becomes the target of a deranged firebomber while studying the link between genetic makeup and violent behavior, her tough outer shell begins to crumble and those around her suspect that something is amiss. Dan Merrick, the lead arson investigator assigned to the case, begins to rule out suspects while also developing an interest in Graham, which eventually leads him to the discovery of a startling past she has never mentioned. When her parents&’ home is set on fire and her father is killed, Graham is forced to confront her repressed childhood memories of the death of her twin and her own sexual abuse.An inferno of sex and danger, action and desire, Touched by Fire is a taut, fast-paced thriller that races to a final, fiery climax.
Tourette's Syndrome: The Facts
by Mary M. Robertson Simon Baron-CohenGilles de la Tourette's syndrome (or Tourettes syndrome) is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder affecting five people inn every 10,000. It is characterized by multiple verbal and motor tic, which occur in bouts many times each day. These can be mild in some cases, but can reach a disabling extent in some sufferers, and can include some upsetting and anti-social behavior, such as involuntary swearing and obscene gestures in others. This book, written by a physiologist and a psychiatrist, who have been researching Tourette's syndrome for many years, explains the causes of the syndrome, how it is diagnosed, and the ways in which it can be treated. It includes a section providing clear answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about the disorder and another chapter devoted to coping strategies for close relatives of people diagnosed as having Tourette's syndrome.
Tourism and Animal Welfare: Rights, Welfare, And Wellbeing (Routledge Research In The Ethics Of Tourism Ser.)
by Neil Carr Donald Broom"This text is long overdue and timely. Carr and Broom have placed the issues firmly in the broader context of the relationship between our species and the others which share this planet with us...As they argue it is possible for tourists and the travel and tourism sector to take and exercise responsibility to drive change, Carr and Broom's text helps us to understand the issues and the context and to make better-informed choices." Harold Goodwin Responsible Tourism Partnership Animals are among the most sought after tourist attractions and the impact on them is a matter of concern to an increasing number of people. Tourism and Animal Welfare uniquely addresses the issue of animal welfare within the tourism experience. It explores important foundations such as the meaning of 'animal welfare' and its relation to ethics, animal rights and human obligations to animals. It also explores the nature and diversity of the position and role of animals within tourism. 'Tales from the front line' is the section of the book that provides the reader with the views and experiences of animal welfare organisations, individual leaders, tourism industry organisations and operators, and academic experts. These case studies and opinion pieces will encourage the reader to consider their own position regarding animals in tourism and their welfare. The book: · is written by an authoritative author team that draws from the fields of tourism studies (Neil Carr) and animal welfare science (Donald Broom); · contains 14 case studies written by internationally recognised experts and iconic individuals in the field of animal welfare; · is written in an engaging style and features full colour illustrations. From students and academics to vets and those working within the tourism industry, this book will provide an engaging and thought-provoking read. It will also appeal to those with an interest in animal welfare, particularly in relation to the tourism industry.
Tourism and Animal Welfare: Rights, Welfare, And Wellbeing (Routledge Research In The Ethics Of Tourism Ser.)
by Neil Carr Donald Broom"This text is long overdue and timely. Carr and Broom have placed the issues firmly in the broader context of the relationship between our species and the others which share this planet with us...As they argue it is possible for tourists and the travel and tourism sector to take and exercise responsibility to drive change, Carr and Broom's text helps us to understand the issues and the context and to make better-informed choices." Harold Goodwin Responsible Tourism Partnership Animals are among the most sought after tourist attractions and the impact on them is a matter of concern to an increasing number of people. Tourism and Animal Welfare uniquely addresses the issue of animal welfare within the tourism experience. It explores important foundations such as the meaning of 'animal welfare' and its relation to ethics, animal rights and human obligations to animals. It also explores the nature and diversity of the position and role of animals within tourism. 'Tales from the front line' is the section of the book that provides the reader with the views and experiences of animal welfare organisations, individual leaders, tourism industry organisations and operators, and academic experts. These case studies and opinion pieces will encourage the reader to consider their own position regarding animals in tourism and their welfare. The book: · is written by an authoritative author team that draws from the fields of tourism studies (Neil Carr) and animal welfare science (Donald Broom); · contains 14 case studies written by internationally recognised experts and iconic individuals in the field of animal welfare; · is written in an engaging style and features full colour illustrations. From students and academics to vets and those working within the tourism industry, this book will provide an engaging and thought-provoking read. It will also appeal to those with an interest in animal welfare, particularly in relation to the tourism industry.
Tourist Health, Safety and Wellbeing in the New Normal
by Donna Pendergast Jeff Wilks Peter A. Leggat Damian MorganThe COVID-19 pandemic has changed the face of international and domestic tourism and sharply focused attention on the importance of tourist health, safety and wellbeing like never before. This book offers a unique perspective on the challenges facing the world’s largest service industry to protect and care for customers in a rapidly evolving environment where borders have closed, social distancing rules apply and personal hygiene has become a key focus in everyday life. Yet tourism is a very resilient industry and history shows there is always an immediate surge toward recovery after a crisis has passed. Humans want to travel and see the world. While we appreciate that the pandemic is far from over, already there are reports of pent-up demand for travel as restrictions ease at some destinations and borders begin to open. As we move hopefully toward the recovery phase and people begin to move around for business and pleasure, this book presents the reader with key information and insights in both traditional and emerging areas of tourist health, safety and wellbeing, recognising that the world is now shaped by this pandemic, bringing change, potentially enduring benefits and lasting legacies.
Tourists in Space
by Erik SeedhouseForget Hawaii or the Mediterranean. Soon - very soon - you'll be able to add a much more exotic stamp to your passport: space. How will you get there, what will the trip be like and how much training will you need? All you need to know is right here in this guide. Tourists in Space: A Practical Guide supplies all the advice and information you need to make your spaceflight the most rewarding experience of your life. This definitive, real-world guide is packed with helpful facts and suggestions on everything from training, equipment, safety and in-flight procedures to techniques for avoiding space motion sickness and bone demineralization. You'll also find: * Advice on choosing your training agency * Techniques for minimizing the risk of space motion sickness * Information you need to prepare for your medical examination, training and flight * Tips on activities near your training location and much more.
Toward Dual and Targeted Cancer Therapy with Novel Phthalocyanine-based Photosensitizers
by Janet T LauJanet Lau's thesis describes her studies into the use of phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers in combined chemo- and photodynamic therapy (PDT) and targeted PDT. In order to carry out this study, Lau uses several approaches: conjugation with a chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin derivative, use of a polyamine ligand 2 with a view to targeting the polyamine transporters over-expressed in tumor cells, and employment of a quencher that can inhibit their photodynamic activity but can still be removed under a tumor-associated environment such as low pH and high thiol concentration. This thesis reports dual activatable photosensitizers for the first time. Overall the studies included are original and the effects have been well demonstrated at the cellular level. The work in this thesis is of much current interest and importance, and can pave foundation for further developments. Accordingly, part of the results has been published in prestigious scientific journals.
Toward Durability and Generalization in Support of Autistic Individuals (Autism and Child Psychopathology Series)
by Daniel R. MitteerThis book describes methods for improving the maintenance and generalization of behavior analytic treatment outcomes for individuals with autism. It introduces the concept of durability—not just treatments that maintain across days or weeks, or that generalize to a few new settings, but those that remain successful under increasingly challenging situations (e.g., over years, during changing reinforcement conditions, across service providers). Chapters address key topics, such as preventive care, early behavioral intervention, treatment of severe destructive behavior, teaching skills across the lifespan, and medication management. In addition, the book addresses ethical and cultural considerations as they relate to treatment maintenance and concludes with perspectives from autistic voices and caregivers. Chapters include case examples highlighting durable outcomes as well as schematics and materials (e.g., data sheets) to assess and maintain treatment gains. Key areas of coverage include: Behavioral persistence, durability of treatment effects, and relapse across the following domains. Early learner and academic skills. Toileting and self-care skills, feeding behavior, and verbal behavior. Social skills and socially reinforced destructive behavior. Automatically reinforced destructive behavior. Medical compliance, implementer behavior, and geriatric behavior.
Toward Good Simulation Practice: Best Practices for the Use of Computational Modelling and Simulation in the Regulatory Process of Biomedical Products (Synthesis Lectures on Biomedical Engineering)
by Marco Viceconti Luca EmiliThis open access book, the Community of Practice led by the VPH Institute, the Avicenna Alliance, and the In Silico World consortium has brought together 138 experts in In Silico Trials working in academia, the medical industry, regulatory bodies, hospitals, and consulting firms. Through a consensus process, these experts produced the first attempt to define some Good Simulation Practices on how to develop, evaluate, and use In Silico Trials. Good Simulation Practice constitutes an indispensable guide for anyone who is planning to engage at any title with In Silico Trials.
Toward Health Equity and Patient-centeredness: Integrating Health Literacy, Disparities Reduction, and Quality Improvement
by Institute of MedicineTo receive the greatest value for health care, it is important to focus on issues of quality and disparity, and the ability of individuals to make appropriate decisions based on basic health knowledge and services. The Forum on the Science of Health Care Quality Improvement and Implementation, the Roundtable on Health Disparities, and the Roundtable on Health Literacy jointly convened the workshop "Toward Health Equity and Patient-Centeredness: Integrating Health Literacy, Disparities Reduction, and Quality Improvement" to address these concerns. During this workshop, speakers and participants explored how equity in care delivered and a focus on patients could be improved.
Toward Post Ageing
by Scott D. Wright Katarina Friberg FelstedThis book examines the emergent and expanding role of technologies that hold both promise and possible peril for transforming the ageing process in this century. It discusses the points and counterpoints of technological advances that would influence a reconstruction of what it means to age when embedded in a post-human vision for a post-biological future. The book presents a provocative interdisciplinary meta-analysis that contrasts paradigms with inflection points, making the case that society has entered a new inflection point, provisionally labeled as Post Ageing. It goes on to discuss the moderate and radical versions of this inflection point and the philosophical issues that need to be addressed with the advent of post ageing activities: postponing and possibly ending ageing, primarily through technological advances. This book will be a valuable resource for professionals who wish to review the continuum of varied constructs and intersects of technologies ranging from those purporting to enhance the activities of daily living in older adults, to those that would enable the older worker to stay competitive in the labor market, to those that propose to extend longevity and ultimately, claim to transcend ageing itself--moving toward a transhumanistic domain and more specifically, a post-ageing inflection point.
Toward Quality Measures for Population Health and the Leading Health Indicators
by Institute of Medicine Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice Committee on Quality Measures for the Healthy People Leading Health IndicatorsThe Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Quality Measures for the Healthy People Leading Health Indicators was charged by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health to identify measures of quality for the 12 Leading Health Indicator (LHI) topics and 26 Leading Health Indicators in Healthy People 2020 (HP2020), the current version of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 10-year agenda for improving the nation's health. The scope of work for this project is to use the nine aims for improvement of quality in public health (population-centered, equitable, proactive, health promoting, risk reducing, vigilant, transparent, effective, and efficient) as a framework to identify quality measures for the Healthy People Leading Health Indicators (LHIs). The committee reviewed existing literature on the 12 LHI topics and the 26 Leading Health Indicators. Quality measures for the LHIs that are aligned with the nine aims for improvement of quality in public health will be identified. When appropriate, alignments with the six Priority Areas for Improvement of Quality in Public Health will be noted in the Committee's report. Toward Quality Measures for Population Health and the Leading Health Indicators also address data reporting and analytical capacities that must be available to capture the measures and for demonstrating the value of the measures to improving population health. Toward Quality Measures for Population Health and the Leading Health Indicators provides recommendations for how the measures can be used across sectors of the public health and health care systems. The six priority areas (also known as drivers) are population health metrics and information technology; evidence-based practices, research, and evaluation; systems thinking; sustainability and stewardship; policy; and workforce and education.
Toward Scientific Medicine
by O. S. MiettinenScientific medicine in Miettinen's conception of it is very different from the two ideas about it that come to eminence in the 20th century. To him, medicine is scientific to the extent that it has a rational theoretical framework and a knowledge-base from medical science. He delineates the nature of that theoretical framework and of the research to develop the requisite knowledge for application in such a framework. The knowledge ultimately needed is about diagnostic, etiognostic, and prognostic probabilities, and it necessarily is to be codified in the form of probability functions, embedded in practice-guiding expert systems. In these terms, today's medicine still is mostly pre-scientific, and major innovations are needed within and around medicine for healthcare to get to be in tune with reasonable expectations about it in this Information Age. Thus, while the leading cause of litigation for medical malpractice in the U. S. is failure to expeditiously and correctly diagnose the probability of myocardial infarction in a hospital's emergency room, this book shows that a typical modern textbook of cardiology, just as one of medicine at large, imparts no knowledge about the diagnostic probabilities needed in this, and that the prevailing type of diagnostic research will not produce the requisite knowledge. If the diagnostic pursuits in an ER would be guided by an emergency-room diagnostic expert system, this would guarantee expert diagnoses by all ER doctors. Academic leaders of medicine and medical researchers concerned to advance the knowledge-base of medicine will find a wealth of stimulus for thinking about the deficiencies of the prevailing knowledge culture in and surrounding medicine, and about the directions of the needed progress toward genuinely scientific medicine.
Toward Sustainable Transitions in Healthcare Systems (Routledge Studies in Sustainability Transitions)
by Jacqueline E.W. Broerse and John GrinHealth systems have long been considered key determinants of well-being within modern societies, a valuable resource which have faced a series of reform initiatives throughout the past decades. These reforms have been used to manage the cost of development, measure the tenability of health systems in globalizing economies and promote the increasing importance of health problems related to lifestyle and living conditions, yet they have failed to provide a true resolution to the persistent economical and logistical problems facing modern-day health systems. This rich, interdisciplinary work explores the hypothesis that many of these problems cannot be adequately addressed without structural changes to our health systems, and examines the embedded features of our health systems that underlie contemporary challenges as well as how, and under what conditions, our health systems can be made more sustainable. Combining and building upon theoretical approaches from transition and innovation studies for analysing health system deficits, Toward Sustainable Transitions in Healthcare Systems raises fundamental questions about how new research, new needs and exogenous trends are transforming current health innovation systems. Providing an original and substantial analysis of the complex structural features of the health innovation system, this book will be of interest to students and practitioners of the politics of health, social epidemiology, medical sociology and those with an interest in transition theory.