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Toxicology and Regulatory Process
by Sidney GreenProviding detailed examples and valuable discussions of the development of specific methods, approaches, and legislation, this reference presents the latest information on the impact of toxicology on the regulatory process and illustrates the interrelationship between toxicology and the regulation of chemicals, pharmaceutical compounds, and food su
Toxicology at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations in Caenorhabditis elegans
by Dayong Wang“This book uses Caenorhabditis elegans as model animal to introduce the toxicity induction of toxicants at environmentally relevant concentrations under different conditions. It also discusses the systematic introduction of different molecular signaling pathways, as well as G protein coupled receptors and ion channels, in regulating the toxicity of toxicants at environmentally relevant concentrations. The intestinal, neuronal, and germline molecular networks required for the regulation of toxicity of toxicants at environmentally relevant concentrations is further introduced and discussed. This book aims at providing a systematic understanding of the knowledge system on toxicology at environmentally relevant concentrations in Caenorhabditis elegans. ”
Toxicology for the Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences
by Mark D. Evans Marcus S. Cooke Antonio Peña-FernándezThere is an increasing need for knowledge of toxicology to safeguard the use of chemicals in industry and in the public and private sectors. The study of toxicology is becoming increasingly relevant in human health sciences, as future health and clinical professionals will be pivotal in addressing and managing emerging chemical threats and hazards related to modern anthropogenic activities and technological development. Comprising a series of chapters from leading toxicology, pharmacy and public health academics and experts across Europe, the United States and beyond, Toxicology for the Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences provides a concise yet comprehensive volume that can be used as a relevant textbook on toxicology for the clinical, healthcare, educational and professional sectors. Key Features: Includes cutting edge information regarding the very lastest environmental threats to public health Provides a detailed case study based on a real-world scenario that allows the reader to practice human health risk assessment Describes innovative guidance and tools to respond to chemical incidents and attacks, which enables the reader to tailor an effective protection and remediation response This book covers the fundamentals and recent developments in toxicology, to respond to local and global chemical, pharmaceutical and environmental threats. Thus, this volume has chapters specifically designed to support the understanding of the most current toxicology-related subjects for any undergraduate/postgraduate health programs as well as aid the delivery of continuing professional development training on up-to-date topics in toxicology for current practicing health professionals wishing to improve their background knowledge in toxicology. The book is also vital reading and reference for policy makers and others that influence and set regulations that have an impact on the environment and human health.
Toxicology of 1 - 3-Beta-Glucans: Glucans as a Marker for Fungal Exposure
by Shih-Houng Young Vincent CastranovaThe investigation of indoor air quality has shown that microbial contamination is often a problem in buildings. Recent evidence indicates that fungi are often a part of the picture. A component of the fungal cell wall, 1 3-glucans not only affect human health, they are a marker for the existence of fungi in environmental samples. Toxicology
Toxicology of Amphibian Tadpoles
by Juliane Silberschmidt Freitas Eduardo Alves de AlmeidaAnuran amphibians are among the animal groups with the highest rate of population decline on the planet. Among the factors driving this decline are environmental pollutants, whose negative effects on larvae and tadpoles are still relatively little studied. This is the first book devoted entirely to studying the effects of environmental pollutants on amphibian tadpoles. Throughout its 14 chapters, various aspects of the toxic effects of different classes of environmental contaminants are explored, such as the toxicokinetics of toxic compounds in tadpoles and their health effects, which may result in negative consequences at populations level.
Toxicology of Biological Communication: Lessons from Endocrine Disruptors and the Exposome
by Robert Barouki Xavier Coumoul Etienne BlancCommunication is vital for biological systems. This book covers how environmental stressors can disrupt these communications leading to adverse outcomes and goes beyond endocrine disruption. Since the endocrine system is primarily a communication system, endocrine disruption is the clearest example of communication toxicology. However, other physiological systems rely heavily on communication and therefore its disruption by toxicants can have considerable impacts. This is illustrated with the effects of toxicants on the nervous and the immune system. The exposome concept has considerably changed the field of toxicology as it tends to integrate different exposures and highlights their interactions. This book discusses how it has also fueled the relevance of communication between different systems to better understand the mechanisms of toxicity. The dialogue between chemicals and the dietary imbalance as well as between chemicals and psycho-social stress is further discussed and integrated into the global communication disruption concept. This book is intended for researchers, scientists, students, NGO experts, and all interested citizens with some biological background.
Toxicology of Cyanides and Cyanogens
by Gary A. Rockwood Alan H. Hall Gary E. IsomThe basic and applied toxicology of cyanides and cyanogens has widespread commercial, occupational, environmental, clinical, forensic, military, and public health implications. <P><P> This book provides a detailed and updated reference describing the properties, uses, general and human toxicology, clinical recognition, diagnosis and medical management, and countermeasures is therefore required in academic, medical, occupational, environmental, medico-legal, regulatory, emergency response, and military arenas. Edited by a world-renowned team of experts from academia, defense and industry, this book will be an invaluable reference for professionals, researchers and students in cyanide and cyanogens.
Toxicology of Essential and Xenobiotic Metals
by Michael Aschner João Batista Teixeira da Rocha Pablo Andrei NogaraThis book explores how metals like cadmium, mercury, lead, aluminium, manganese, and chromium can harm our health, whether through short-term or long-term exposure. It covers symptoms ranging from immediate nausea to long-term issues like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Understanding how these metals interact with our bodies is crucial for identifying their harmful effects. The book, divided into 11 chapters, provides straightforward explanations about how these metals affect our health, making it useful for anyone interested in understanding how metals can impact the environment as well as human and animal health.
Toxicology of Fishes
by Kristine L. Willett Neelakanteswar AluruThis up-to-date, comprehensive toxicology handbook is devoted to the effects of environmental pollution on fish. Fish species represent nearly half of all vertebrates and have become important sentinels for environmental contamination and model organisms for understanding adverse outcomes from exposures. This new edition is written by recognized experts, and it highlights the significant research progress in fish toxicology that has resulted from rapid technological developments in analytical, biochemical, and genomic sciences. The book: Discusses fundamental topics such as toxicokinetics in fishes, processes governing biotransformation within these organisms, and reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Explains key target organ systems for chemical impacts in fish, such as the nervous and immune systems, and how fishes can develop resistance to chemical toxicity. Covers multi-transgenerational effects on fishes, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics, and adverse outcome pathways. Replacing the case studies in the first edition, this update delves into the impacts of microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and oil spills in dedicated final chapters. With nearly 200 illustrations and tables, this comprehensive reference work presents concepts in a way that is useful for both novices to and experts in the field of fish toxicology.
Toxicology of Glutathione Transferases
by Yogesh C. AwasthiSince the discovery of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) or Glutathione transferase, studies have probed important questions about its pharmacological and physiological significance. Toxicology of Glutathione Transferases is the only text that details the methods used in GST research. With chapters written by experts who have been involved in
Toxicology of Herbal Products
by Olavi Pelkonen Pierre Duez Pia Maarit Vuorela Heikki VuorelaThis volume provides a comprehensive overview of the hazards inherent in herbal medicinal products, with systematic coverage of major toxicities. Topics include composition and quality control, toxicokinetics, interactions, safety pharmacology, approaches to studying complex mixtures including metabolomics and systems network pharmacology, and long-term toxicity. The volume also discusses various organ toxicities with a special emphasis on basic mechanisms of actions and the multicomponent and multi-target nature of herbal products. It concludes with a look to future challenges and opportunities. With contributions from noted experts, Toxicology of Herbal Products is a necessary resource for physicians, pharmacists, and toxicologists interested in complex plant-derived products.
Toxicology of Nanoparticles: Insights from Drosophila
by Namita Agrawal Prasanna ShahThis book offers an unparalleled source of information on in vivo assessment of nanoparticle toxicity by using Drosophila as a model organism. Nanoparticles have emerged as an useful tool for wide variety of biomedical, cosmetics, and industrial applications. However, our understanding of nanomaterial-mediated toxicity under in vivo condition remains limited. The book begins with a chapter on synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles used for various biological, medical and commercial purposes. The rest of the chapters deal with the impact of nanoparticles on different biological aspects like behavior, physiology and metabolic homoeostasis using Drosophila as a model organism. Lastly, the book summarizes how proper characterization and evaluation of safe dosage of nanoparticles can be a boon if incorporated in consumer goods and for biomedical applications.Overall, the book pursues an interdisciplinary approach by connecting nanotechnology and biology from various angles using Drosophila as a model system, so as to develop more efficient, safe and effective use of nanoparticles for human beings.
Toxicology of Organophosphate Poisoning: New Insights
by Tanu Jindal Anuj RanjanThis book addresses the consequences of high agricultural pesticide use over the last few decades in the form of organophosphate poisoning. The authors provide a background overview of organophosphate compounds, their environmental toxicity, non-target exposures and cases of human poisoning. The authors also compile and analyze data from the last two decades to demonstrate the toxicological aspects of organophosphates, and how they can pose a threat to human health. Readers will learn about the clinical manifestation of organophosphate exposure in humans, as well as the enzymatic pathways and mechanisms by which organophosphates are processed in the body and cause harm. The book concludes by providing techniques, practices and recommendations for how to manage organophosphate exposure and poisoning. It will be useful for clinicians and public health professionals, scientists, medical practitioners, researchers and environmental toxicologists.
Toxicology of Skin
by Howard I. MaibachToxic injury to the skin in the general population, and particularly in western populations, is on the increase. This is partly due to the expanding number of natural and man-made chemicals present in our everyday environment. The need for a thorough understanding of the skin, and the mechanisms of toxicity therein, has never been more pressing. Th
Toxicology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Second Edition (Target Organ Toxicology Series)
by Shayne Cox GadThe gastrointestinal tract is the most important of the three major routes of entry (and clearance) of xenobiotics and biologic entities into the bodies of mammals. As such, it is also the major route for administration of pharmaceuticals to humans. Gastrointestinal Toxicology, Second Edition describes the mechanism for entry and clearance of xenobiotics, as well as the barriers, immunologic and metabolic issues, and functions present in the GI tract. Appearing in this volume are also considerations of the microbiome and its actions and influence on the function of the GI tract and on the toxicity and pharmacodynamics of ingested substances (including nutrients, toxins, and therapeutics). These fifteen chapters written by experienced experts in the field address methods to evaluate GI function; specifics of GI function and toxicity assessment in canines and minipigs; classes of compounds with their toxicity; species differences; and the toxicity (and promise) of nanoparticles. Those needing to understand the structure, function, and methods of studying the GI tract will find this volume a singular source of reference.
Toxicology of the Kidney
by Ferdinand Rodriguez Christopher K. Ober Lynden Archer Ferdinand CohenThe kidney plays a vital role in certain endocrine functions. Abnormalities caused by toxic chemicals or other interventions can have profound effects on these functions and consequently, on total functions. Toxicology of the Kidney, Third Edition is updated to reflect the latest research in this field and focuses on the correlation between anatomy
Toxicology of the Liver (Target Organ Toxicology Series)
by Gabriel L. Plaa William R. HewittThis second edition looks at the physiologic, biochemical, and morphologic characteristics of hepatotoxicity and includes an analysis of techniques in molecular biology and immunochemistry, among others contributing to the growth in understanding of the toxic events involved. It focuses on clinical characterization of chemical hepatotoxicity, micro
Toxicology of the Lung (Target Organ Toxicology Series)
by Donald E. GardnerThe most up-to-date treatment of inhalation toxicology available, Toxicology of the Lung, Fourth Edition examines the subject from a target-organ perspective. Completely revised and updated, the book includes contributions from an entirely new set of authors, each of them a leading international authority in their respective specialties. As with th
Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways
by John B. Morris Dennis J. ShustermanThe application of molecular biologic methods, recognition of neurogenic inflammatory processes, and utilization of genetic knockout animals are just some of the advances in toxicology of the upper airways in recent years. Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways presents a culmination of knowledge gained as a result of both human and experimental
Toxicology of the Skin (Target Organ Toxicology Series)
by Nancy A. Monteiro-RiviereThis key volume of the Target Organ Toxicology Series provides a fresh and modern approach to the subject of skin toxicology from the perspective of how the skin forms a barrier that protects the body from the external environment and how chemicals and drugs interact with the barrier properties of the skin. Any defects or perturbations to this barr
Toxicology-A Primer on Toxicology Principles and Applications
by Michael A. KamrinDifferent from other books, this unique volume presents basic toxicology principles and applications in a sophisticated yet nontechnical style. It provides an understanding of both the strengths and limitations of the discipline of toxicology and its benefits. This primer is valuable for virtually any non-toxicologist.
Toxicology: A Case-Oriented Approach
by John Joseph FentonREAL-LIFE CASES, TUTORIAL QUESTIONS, NARRATIVE HISTORYIntriguing anecdotal pedagogy, like the alleged arsenical poisonings of Napoleon and President Taylor and the probable mercury overdose of Isaac Newton, is one of the things that set Toxicology: A Case-Oriented Approach apart from other toxicology texts. Based on an undergraduate-graduat
Toxikologie für Einsteiger
by Holger Barth Katharina Ernst Panagiotis PapatheodorouIn diesem kurzen Lehrbuch werden grundlegende wissenschaftliche und klinische Aspekte der Toxikologie dargestellt und ihre wichtigsten Inhalte, Ziele und Aufgaben beschrieben. Das Buch richtet sich an Studierende biowissenschaftlicher und chemischer Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge, die Toxikologie als medizinisches Wahlfach belegen. Zu Beginn werden wichtige toxikologische Fachbegriffe definiert, um den Einstieg zu erleichtern. Es wird beschrieben was ein „Gift“ ausmacht und wie Giftstoffe in den menschlichen Körper gelangen können. Akute Vergiftungen, ihre Ursachen und die wichtigsten Maßnahmen für ihre Therapie werden im Einzelnen vorgestellt. Der Großteil des Lehrbuches beschreibt die Wirkung ausgewählter, medizinisch relevanter Giftstoffe aus Natur und Umwelt, häuslicher Umgebung und dem Arbeitsplatz wie Toxine aus Tieren, Pflanzen, Pilzen und Bakterien, Giftgase, Stäube, Metalle, Pestizide, Lösungsmittel und Alkohol. Am Ende werden die grundlegenden Prinzipien der chemischen Kanzerogenese zusammengefasst und die krebsauslösende Wirkung einiger toxikologisch wichtiger Substanzen exemplarisch vorgestellt sowie rechtliche Grundlagen im Umgang mit Giftstoffen zusammengefasst.
Toxikologie für alle: Wann ist ein Stoff gefährlich?
by Helmut Greim Heidrun GreimWas man über Giftstoffe, deren Wirkung und Bewertung wissen muss: Zwei erfahrene Toxikologen erklären allgemeinverständlich, wann ein Stoff zum Schadstoff wird. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den allgemeinen Grundlagen einer toxikologischen Untersuchung und Bewertung von Schadstoffen, sowie den daraus abgleiteten Handlungsempfehlungen. Anhand bekannter Beispiele aus den letzten Jahren, u. a. des Unkrautvernichters Glyphosat oder des Insektizids Fipronil, die beide in Nahrungsmitteln nachgewiesen wurden, wird erläutert, wie konkrete Gesundheitsgefährdungen anhand toxikologischer Daten und Verfahren ermittelt und welche Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Gesundheit daraus abgeleitet werden. Die Anwendung der toxikologischen Verfahren für die Bewertung von Gesundheitsrisiken wird anhand von Beispielen aus dem Alltag anschaulich dargestellt, von Lebensmitteln über Kosmetika bis hin zu Arzneimitteln und Alltagsprodukten. Ein kompakter, aber fundierter Einstieg in ein wichtiges und oft kontrovers diskutiertes Thema - für alle, die Toxine und deren Wirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt verstehen wollen.
Toxikologie und Rechtskunde: Kompetenzfördernde Wissensvermittlung der Gefahrstoffkunde
by Peter-Jürgen KramerAuf dieses Buch haben Lehrende und Studierende in Chemie, Biochemie, aber auch in anderen chemienahen Fachgebieten lange gewartet. Dieses Buch ist ideal für Lehrende und Studierende im Fach Gefahrstoffkunde an Hochschulen und Universitäten, denn es bietet ihnen das Rüstzeug für die Gestaltung erfolgreicher Lehrveranstaltungen bzw. für einen erfolgreichen Abschluss in diesem Studienfach.Die Besorgnis, dass chemische Stoffe eine Gefährdung für die Gesundheit der Menschen und ihrer Umwelt darstellen können, ist begründet. Chemische Stoffe können schädigen, und daher gefährlich sein. Die zahlreichen Berichte von dramatischen Chemieunfällen und Umweltkatastrophen wie die von Seveso (1976) und Basel (1986) sind präsent und prägen das Bewusstsein in Gesellschaft und Politik. Nach den Gründen, warum die Geschichten katastrophaler Chemieunfälle in der Vergangenheit liegen und in heutiger Zeit in der europäischen Welt nicht mehr vorgekommen sind, wird jedoch selten gefragt.Dabei ist die Antwort auf diese Frage einfach: Die in der Chemie arbeitenden Menschen und die Behörden haben gelernt, mit den Gefährdungen und Risiken, die von chemischen Stoffen ausgehen, kompetent umzugehen. Die angewandte Wissenschaft, die diese Kompetenz vermitteln muss, ist die Gefahrstoffkunde, eine Kombination aus Toxikologie und Rechtskunde, im Studium ein Pflichtfach für jede Chemikerin und jeden Chemiker, aber auch für weitere Studiengänge, bei denen chemische Stoffe eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Der mit dem erfolgreichen Abschluss im Fach Gefahrstoffkunde verbundene amtliche Sachkundenachweis muss auch nach dem Studium regelmäßig aktualisiert werden.