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ASVAB Total Prep 2024-2025: 7 Practice Tests + Proven Strategies + Video + Flashcards (Kaplan Test Prep)
by Kaplan Test PrepKaplan&’s ASVAB Total Prep 2024–2025 features proven strategies and realistic practice for all sections of the ASVAB and AFQT. Comprehensive subject review, expert tips, detailed explanations, and flashcards will help you face the test with confidence.Kaplan is so certain that ASVAB Total Prep offers all the knowledge you need to excel at the ASVAB that we guarantee it: After studying with the online resources and book, you&’ll score higher on the test—or you&’ll get your money back.Essential PracticeMore than 2,600 realistic practice questions with explanationsSeven full-length ASVAB practice tests with detailed explanations: 4 online and 3 in the bookFlashcards in the book and also in an app to review on the goQbank for more online practice with every question typeDetailed subject review, including targeted strategies for vocabulary questions and math problem solvingAn extensive word list to help you build your vocabularyMath video instruction to provide refreshers on the tested concepts Expert GuidanceComprehensive content review and specific methods for tackling all technical topics: science, electronics, auto/shop, mechanical information, and object assemblySpecific strategies for mastering the Computer Adaptive Test formatWe invented test prep—Kaplan (kaptest.com) has been helping students for 80 years. Our proven strategies have helped legions of students achieve their dreams.
Asylum: A Survivor's Flight from Nazi-Occupied Vienna Through Wartime France
by P. N. Singer Moriz ScheyerA recently discovered account of an Austrian Jewish writer's flight, persecution, and clandestine life in wartime France.As arts editor for one of Vienna's principal newspapers, Moriz Scheyer knew many of the city's foremost artists, and was an important literary journalist. With the advent of the Nazis he was forced from both job and home. In 1943, in hiding in France, Scheyer began drafting what was to become this book. Tracing events from the Anschluss in Vienna, through life in Paris and unoccupied France, including a period in a French concentration camp, contact with the Resistance, and clandestine life in a convent caring for mentally disabled women, he gives an extraordinarily vivid account of the events and experience of persecution. After Scheyer's death in 1949, his stepson, disliking the book's anti-German rhetoric, destroyed the manuscript. Or thought he did. Recently, a carbon copy was found in the family's attic by P.N. Singer, Scheyer's step-grandson, who has translated and provided an epilogue.
Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict
by Peter R. LavoyThe 1999 conflict between India and Pakistan near the town of Kargil in contested Kashmir was the first military clash between two nuclear-armed powers since the 1969 Sino-Soviet war. Kargil was a landmark event not because of its duration or casualties, but because it contained a very real risk of nuclear escalation. Until the Kargil conflict, academic and policy debates over nuclear deterrence and proliferation occurred largely on the theoretical level. This deep analysis of the conflict offers scholars and policymakers a rare account of how nuclear-armed states interact during military crisis. Written by analysts from India, Pakistan, and the United States, this unique book draws extensively on primary sources, including unprecedented access to Indian, Pakistani, and U. S. government officials and military officers who were actively involved in the conflict. This is the first rigorous and objective account of the causes, conduct, and consequences of the Kargil conflict.
Asymmetrical Warfare On The Great Plains: A Review Of The American Indian Wars-1865-1891
by Lieutenant Colonel Lowell Steven YarbroughThe American Indian policy, formulated at the turn of the 19th century, significantly impacted the national military strategy. President Jefferson's plan for Indian removal became the cornerstone for federal policy. Congress would bear the responsibility for crafting the nation's Indian policies, but the burden for execution was left to an unprepared and undermanned Army.From the end of the Civil War to the beginning of the Spanish-American War in 1898, the principal mission of the Army was fighting Indians. Returning to the Western frontier the Army attempted to fight the Indians using the tactics that proved successful in the Civil War. The diverse Great Plains tribes, using raids and ambushes, successfully fought a thirty-year war against a superior military force. It would finally take the unorthodox tactics of several field commanders to bring an end to the fighting.This paper examines the national policy and the means used to implement it. The paper examines asymmetrical warfare through its discussion on critical shortcomings in military preparedness and strategy. The past several conflicts that U.S. military forces have participated in (Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan) suggest that the American Indian Wars offer valuable strategic lessons.
Asymmetries of Conflict: War Without Death
by John LeechDecisions about defence and security are becoming increasingly open to public influence. This book therefore aims to give both the voter and the decision maker a new vision of how to manage crises and avert hostilities with non-traditional means.
At All Costs: Stories Of Impossible Victories (Cassell Military Classics Ser.)
by Bryan PerrettFrom the jaws of defeat, incredible victories.
At All Costs
by Bryan PerrettFrom the jaws of defeat, incredible victories.AT ALL COSTS! transports you to the battlefront for over two centuries of astonishing military confrontations. From the Battle of Minden in 1795 to dramatic second world war stories and the Battle for Goose Green in the Falklands, Bryan Perrett gives astoundingly vivid accounts of international forces in daring actions, achieving victory against the odds.These real-life military adventures are meticulously, accurately described, giving a true flavour of some of the most important moments in world history.
At All Costs
by Bryan PerrettFrom the jaws of defeat, incredible victories.AT ALL COSTS! transports you to the battlefront for over two centuries of astonishing military confrontations. From the Battle of Minden in 1795 to dramatic second world war stories and the Battle for Goose Green in the Falklands, Bryan Perrett gives astoundingly vivid accounts of international forces in daring actions, achieving victory against the odds.These real-life military adventures are meticulously, accurately described, giving a true flavour of some of the most important moments in world history.
At Any Price: The ANZACS at the Battle of Messines 1917
by Craig DeaytonThe enemy must not get the Messines Ridge at any price… So read the orders to German troops defending the vital high ground south of Ypres. On 7 June 1917, the British Second Army launched its attack with an opening like no other. In the largest secret operation of the First World War, British and Commonwealth mining companies placed over a million pounds of explosive beneath the German front-line positions in 19 giant mines which erupted like a volcano. This was just the beginning. By the end of that brilliant summer&’s day, one of the strongest positions on the Western Front had fallen in the greatest British victory in three long years of war. For the ANZACs, who comprised one third of the triumphant Second Army, it was their most significant achievement to that point; for the men of the New Zealand Division, it would be their finest hour. It is difficult to overstate the importance of Messines for the Australians, whose first two years of war had represented an almost unending catalogue of disaster. This was both the first real victory for the AIF and the first test in senior command for Major General John Monash, who commanded the newly formed 3rd Division. Messines was a baptism of fire for the 3rd Division which came into the line alongside the battle-scarred 4th Australian Division, badly mauled at Bullecourt just six weeks earlier. The fighting at Messines would descend into unimaginable savagery, a lethal and sometimes hand-to-hand affair of bayonets, clubs, bombs and incessant machine-gun fire, described by one Australian as &‘72 hours of Hell&’. After their string of bloody defeats over 1915 and 1916, Messines would prove the ultimate test for the Australians.
At Attention
by Annabeth AlbertLieutenant Apollo Floros can ace tactical training missions, but being a single dad to his twin daughters is more than he can handle. He needs live-in help, and he's lucky a friend's younger brother needs a place to stay. He's surprised to see Dylan all grown up with a college degree...and a college athlete's body. Apollo's widowed heart may still be broken, but Dylan has his blood heating up. It's been eight years since the teenage Dylan followed Apollo around like a lovesick puppy, and it's time he showed Lieutenant Hard-to-Please that he's all man now-an adult who's fully capable of choosing responsibility over lust. He can handle Apollo's muscular sex appeal, but Apollo the caring father? Dylan can't afford to fall for that guy. He's determined to hold out for someone who's able to love him back, not someone who only sees him as a kid brother. Apollo is shocked by the intensity of his attraction to Dylan. Maybe some no-strings summer fun will bring this former SEAL back to life. But the combination of scorching desire and warm affection is more than he'd expected, and the emotion between them scares him senseless. No fling lasts forever, and Apollo will need to decide what's more important-his past or his future-if he wants to keep Dylan in his life. Book Two of the Out of Uniform series This book is approximately 73,000 words One-click with confidence. This title is part of the Carina Press Romance Promise: all the romance you're looking for with an HEA/HFN. It's a promise!
At Close Quarters
by Robert J. BulkleySmall though they were, PT boats played a key role in World War II, carrying out an astonishing variety of missions where fast, versatile, and strongly armed vessels were needed. Called "weapons of opportunity," they met the enemy at closer quarters and with greater frequency than any other type of surface craft. Among the most famous PT commanders was John F. Kennedy, whose courageous actions in the Pacific are now well known to the American public. The author of the book, another distinguished PT boat commander in the Pacific, compiled this history of PT-boat operations in World War II for the U.S. Navy shortly after V-J Day, when memories were fresh and records easily assessable. The book was first made available to the public in 1962 after Kennedy's inauguration as president of the United States interest in PTs was at a peak.Bulkley provides a wealth of facts about these motor torpedo boats, whose vast range of operation covered two oceans as well as the Mediterranean and the English Channel. Although their primary mission was to attack surface ships and craft close to shore, they were also used effectively to lay mines and smoke screens, to rescue downed aviators, and to carry out intelligence and raider operations. The author gives special attention to the crews, paying well-deserved tribute to their heroism, skill, and sacrifice that helped to win the war.
At Close Quarters; PT Boats In The United States Navy [Illustrated Edition]
by Rear Admiral Earnest McNeill Eller President John F. Kennedy Captain Robert J. Bulkley Jr.Includes over 110 illustrations charting the history of the US Navy PT Boats."The destiny of our country has been inextricably interwoven with the sea. This was never more true than in the giant World War II that involved all seas and most of mankind. To fight the sea war we needed many types of ships, large and small, from aircraft carriers and battleships to PT boats."Small though they were, the PT boats played a key role. Like most naval ships, they could carry out numerous tasks with dispatch and versatility. In narrow waters or in-fighting close to land they could deliver a powerful punch with torpedo or gun. On occasion they could lay mines or drop depth charges. They could speed through reefs and shark infested waters to rescue downed pilots or secretly close the shore to make contacts with coast watchers and guerrilla forces. PT boats were an embodiment of John Paul Jones' words:"I wish to have no connection with any ship that does not sail fast for I intend to go in harm's way.""Naval strength must function from shore to shore and on inland waters where the mobility and flexibility provided by ships can be employed to support land operations. PT boats filled an important need in World War II in shallow waters, complementing the achievements of greater ships in greater seas. This need for small, fast, versatile, strongly armed vessels does not wane. In fact it may increase in these troubled times when operations requiring just these capabilities are the most likely of those which may confront us."The thorough and competent account herein of over-all PT boat operations in World War II, compiled by Captain Robert Bulkley, a distinguished PT boat commander, should therefore prove of wide interest. The widest use of the sea, integrated fully into our national strength, is as important to America in the age of nuclear power and space travel as in those stirring days of the birth of the Republic."-President John F Kennedy.
At Close Range (Tracers #11)
by Laura GriffinNew York Times bestselling author Laura Griffin &“delivers the goods&” (Publishers Weekly) again with the eleventh title in the gritty, heart-pounding Tracers series.When a lakeside tryst ends in a double murder, police detective Daniele Harper arrives on the scene determined to get answers. Clues are everywhere, but nothing adds up. Dani turns to the Delphi Center crime lab for help, but soon regrets it when her secret attraction to their chief firearms examiner threatens to distract her from the most important case of her career. As a ballistics expert and former Navy SEAL, Scott Black knows firearms, and he knows he can help Dani unravel her case. Scott has managed to hide his interest in his best friend’s younger sister for years, but when her investigation brings them together, the sparks between them quickly burn out of control. Scott resolves to keep his hands off Dani and his eyes on the goal—identifying a killer. But when that killer zeroes in on her, all bets are off. There isn’t a line Scott won’t cross to convince Dani to trust him so that he can help her take down a ruthless murderer who has her in his sights.
At Close Range: One Regiment 1939 - 1945
by Peter HartThe best way to understand what it was like to fight in the Second World War is to see it through the eyes of the soldiers who fought it. The South Notts Hussars fought at almost every major battle of the Second World War, from the Siege of Tobruk to the Battle of El Alamein and the D-Day Landings.Here, Peter Hart draws on detailed interviews conducted with members of the regiment, to provide both a comprehensive account of the conflict and reconstruct its most thrilling moments in the words of the men who experienced it.This is military history at its best: outlining the path from despair to victory, and allowing us to share in soldiers' hopes and fears; the deafening explosions of the shells, the scream of the diving Stukas and the wounded; the pleasures of good comrades and the devastating despair at lost friends.
At Cold War's End: U.S. Intelligence on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 1989-1991
by Ben B. FischerThe last great drama of the Cold War—the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and the end of the four-decade-old East-West conflict—unfolded in three acts between 1989 and 1991. Even as the story began, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev already had made the largest opening to the outside world in Russian history. To convince the West, and above all the new administration in Washington, of his sincerity, Gorbachev had made major concessions on arms control, withdrawn Soviet troops from Afghanistan, pledged to reduce Soviet ground forces by half a million, and rejected class warfare in favor of “pan-human values” as the basis of Soviet foreign policy...The second act of the drama began in the fall of 1989 with peaceful revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe (except Romania) and the fall of the Soviet “outer empire.” The de facto collapse of the Warsaw Pact (it would formally dissolve itself a year later) plus a new treaty that substantially reduced Soviet superiority in conventional forces in Europe resulted in a stronger Western alliance—so strong that the US could redeploy forces from Europe to the Persian Gulf for use against Iraq...The third and final act closed with the 1991 dissolution of the USSR. The centrifugal forces in the “outer empire” stimulated and accelerated those in the “inner empire” as the Soviet republics sought sovereignty and then independence from Moscow. At the same time, Gorbachev’s domestic reforms ran into serious trouble, and the economy went into a tailspin. Gorbachev’s struggle with the old imperial elite in the communist party, the armed forces, and the military-industrial complex culminated in the August 1991 coup, which, when it failed, finished off the USSR—and Gorbachev himself...The USSR officially ceased to exist on 31 December.
At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor; Revised Edition
by Donald M. Goldstein Gordon W. Prange Katherine V. DillonRevisit the definitive book on Pearl Harbor in advance of the 75th anniversary (December 7, 2016) of the "date which will live in infamy"At 7:53 a.m., December 7, 1941, America's national consciousness and confidence were rocked as the first wave of Japanese warplanes took aim at the U.S. Naval fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor. As intense and absorbing as a suspense novel, At Dawn We Slept is the unparalleled and exhaustive account of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. It is widely regarded as the definitive assessment of the events surrounding one of the most daring and brilliant naval operations of all time. Through extensive research and interviews with American and Japanese leaders, Gordon W. Prange has written a remarkable historical account of the assault that-sixty years later-America cannot forget."The reader is bound to feel its power....It is impossible to forget such an account." —The New York Times Book Review"At Dawn We Slept is the definitive account of Pearl Harbor." —Chicago Sun-TimesFrom the Trade Paperback edition.
At Ease: Stories I Tell to Friends
by Dwight D. EisenhowerPresident Eisenhower here tells a number of stories for the simple pleasure of telling them. In warm and personal terms, he writes about his life, his acquaintances both celebrated and little known, and the history that unfolded before his eyes. In anecdote after anecdote, we learn about life at West Point, in turn-of-the-century Kansas, in an "ordinary" but remarkable family. His storytelling suggests what it was like to grow up and go to school at a time when the wild west had just become the rural west, when the frontier was his home town. It awakened the dreams of adventure in a boy's imagination--and carried him from the wrong side of the tracks in Abilene to the leadership of a great alliance and military expedition, a great university, and a great nation. The young Eisenhower's dreams, he thought, could probably best be realized at Annapolis. And yet--through a fortuitous turn or events--the future naval officer settled in at West Point. From the Point to the Presidency is a chronicle that now belongs to history, and the author has done his duty in Crusade in Europe, Mandate for Change and Waging Peace (THE WHITE HOUSE YEARS). This new book is written for fun--as he remembers his tour of duty in the Canal Zone, life with his young wife Mamie, and how, on patrol in tropical terrain, he was tutored in Clausewitz, Tacitus, and Plato by his mentor, a little known and wonderful general named Fox Conner. He recalls his first encounter with a spirited colonel, George Patton, and his appointment, later, as aide to the already controversial general, Douglas MacArthur. Roosevelt, Churchill, Zhukov, Marshall, Bradley, SHAPE, TORCH, Columbia, NATO--the men and events and institutions that have become household words are touched upon here and newly illumined, as are the lesser known people and places in a peaceful man's peacetime existence. Up to the moment he returns to the United States to run for the Presidency, we are given--as friends--stories written by a President at ease and rendered with all the sincerity, geniality, conviction, and persuasiveness the entire world has come to know.
At Empire's Edge (Empire #1)
by William C. DietzThe national bestselling author of Battle Hymn delivers a high-velocity sci-fi thriller in which a lone lawman must take down those who would topple an empire…For centuries, the Uman Empire has ruled the civilized universe. But not all of the alien races who were “invited” to join the Empire have done so willingly. To deal with these alien species, the Xeno Corps was formed—bio-engineered humans with extra-sensory enhancements who can hunt down, capture or eliminate all such threats to Pax Umana.Jak Cato is a one of them—but he’s far from a perfect specimen. Saddled with a dislike for authority and a penchant for self-destructive behavior, only his devotion to duty and sense of honor have kept him afloat in the Corps.When he and his comrades are waylaid on a remote planet while transferring a lethal, shapeshifting Sagathi prisoner, Cato is sent into town for supplies, only to end up drunk, beaten and robbed. But worse news awaits him when he wakes. His entire detachment has been mercilessly slaughtered and the Sagathi is gone.Now Cato must use all his innate skills to hunt down the fugitive and pay back the bastards who murdered his team. But what he doesn’t know is that his pursuit will lead him outside the law and into a shadowy world of Imperial intrigue—where those who seek justice rarely get it, and rarely survive…“A testosterone-soaked tale of violent retribution.”—Publishers Weekly"Dietz writes fast-paced military SF.”—Library Journal
At First Light: A True World War II Story of a Hero, His Bravery, and an Amazing Horse
by Walt Larimore Mike YorkeyWhat makes 2nd Lieutenant Phil Larimore&’s story special is what happened in World War II&’s closing days and the people—and horses—he interacted with in this Forrest Gump-like tale that is emotional, heartbreaking, and inspiring.Growing up in the 1930s in Memphis, Tennessee, Phil Larimore is the ultimate Boy Scout—able to read maps, put a compass to good use, and traverse wild swamps and desolate canyons. His other great skill is riding horses. Phil does poorly in school, however, leading his parents send to him to a military academy. After Pearl Harbor, Phil realizes he is destined for war. Three weeks before his eighteenth birthday, he becomes the youngest candidate to ever graduate from Officer Candidate School (OCS) at Fort Benning, Georgia. Landing on the Anzio beachhead in February 1944, Phil is put in charge of an Ammunition Pioneer Platoon in the 3rd Infantry Division. Their job: deliver ammunition to the frontline foxholes—a dangerous assignment involving regular forays into No Man&’s Land. As Phil fights his way up the Italian boot, into Southern France and across the Rhine River into Germany, he is caught up in some of the most intense combat ever. But it&’s what happens in the final stages of the war and his homecoming that makes Phil&’s story incredibly special and heartwarming. An emotional tale of courage, daring, and heroism, At First Light will remind you of the indomitable human spirit that lives in all of us.
At First Touch
by Cindy MilesDon't trust your eyes. Trust your heart... After suffering a tragic accident, Reagan Quinn has her military career cut short and her sight gone forever. Returning to her childhood home only reminds Reagan of what she's lost. No light, no color-just shadows and indistinct forms. But one man refuses to let her give up on herself. Reagan can't see Eric Malone. All she knows is that he's there every day, driving her completely bonkers. Eric pushes her out of the darkness and into a world shaped by taste, touch and scent. But Reagan isn't quite prepared for what happens when she stops depending on her sight...and starts seeing with her heart.
At The Front
by Lieutenant Alec JohnstonTHE purpose of this little volume is to preserve, for his friends and the many others who cared for his writings, a record of the work which Alec Johnston contributed to Punch during the War. Written under all sorts of impossible conditions, they never pretended to be more than the gay and cynical banter of one who brought to the hardships and perils of life at the Front an incurable habit of humour. For several years Alec Johnston had been associated with Punch as an occasional contributor of light verse and prose. After leaving Oxford where, as at St. Paul's School, he had given promise of a brilliant career, he became a schoolmaster, but his inclinations lay elsewhere and he would probably have followed the profession of letters but for the outbreak of war. Within two days he enlisted in the Artists' Rifles-he was then twenty-five years old-and went out with their first draft in October, 1914. In February of the next year he received a commission in the 1st King's Shropshire Light Infantry, and was with them first at Armentières, and then upon the Ypres salient till his death. He was promoted Lieutenant in September, 1915.
At The Front In A Flivver [Illustrated Edition]
by William Yorke StevensonMany American citizens flocked to join the Allied war effort against Germany during the First World War before their mother country eventually declared war in 1917. William Yorke Stevenson was one of their number, volunteering for service with the French Ambulance corps or Section Sanitaire. Never war from the frontlines in rather ramshackle old vehicles [the flivver of the title is a slang term for a run-down truck], these men risked their lives to evacuate and treat the wounded.The Author recounts his experiences of 1915-1917 based on his dairy of the period. It provides a day-by-day account of the medical services behind the lines during some of the heaviest French fighting of the war during the battle of the Somme. Illustrated throughout with the Author's own photos of the period, including his comrades, conditions and the battle damage of the towns and villages amongst which he worked and lived.Author -- William Yorke Stevenson (1878 - 1922)Text taken, whole and complete, from the edition published in Boston and New York, Houghton Miflin, 1917.Original Page Count - 334 pages.Illustrations -- 12 illustrations.
At G.H.Q.
by Brigadier-General John CharterisArguably the most personal of the major British command memoirs of WWI, covering the full duration of the conflict. Charteris was Haig's BGGS (Intelligence) from 1916 to 1918; his nickname 'The Principal Boy' derives from his early promotion (Brigadier-General at 38) and his perceived influence upon Haig himself.“All of us who served through those four eventful years from August 1914 onwards, have stored in our memories recollections that we treasure. We can hardly expect that any of the years still remaining to us will rival in interest that period of our lives.Many may have had the good fortune which was mine, that every scrap of writing sent home from the front was carefully preserved. Others also may have sought to frame from these letters for the benefit of their own families, some readable and coherent record of their doings and their thoughts in the years of crisis and strain. Such was my intention when I began the writing which has now developed into this volume. For, as I wrote, I found it necessary to refer to the records which I myself had of my work at G.H.Q. I had not kept a formal diary; but very early in my days at G.H.Q., I found it necessary to keep notes of my views from day to day, and in particular of the conversations which I had with many people in high places. A most careful and painstaking secretary had seen to it that all the letters which I received and wrote, other than those to my own home, were carefully filed.From these records I have compiled this volume. It is published in the hope that it will serve to give some idea of the life and problems of G.H.Q., and perhaps throw some light on events that are still obscure.”—Brig.-Gen. John Charteris
At Gettysburg, Or, What A Girl Saw And Heard Of The Battle. A True Narrative. [Illustrated Edition]
by Matilda "Tillie" Pierce AllemanIncludes Gettysburg Map and Illustrations Pack - 30 additional maps, plans and illustrations"The experience of a little girl, during three days of a hard fought battle, as portrayed in this volume is certainly of rare occurrence, and very likely has never been realized before.Such a narrative as the following, is worthy of preservation among the pages of our nations literature.The story is told with such marked faithfulness, such honesty of expression, such vividness of portrayal, that those who lived in, and passed through those scenes, or similar ones, will at once recognize the situations, and surroundings, as natural and real.While perusing its pages, the veteran will again live in the days gone by; when he tramped the dusty march, joined in the terrible charge, or suffered in the army hospital.The Heroine of this book, performed her part well; but it is doubtful whether, at the time, she fully realized the heart-felt thanks, and noble thoughts that sprang from the "Boys in Blue," in response to her heroism and kindness.How vividly is presented the weary march to the field of conflict; our eagerness to quaff the sparkling water, as she handed it to us, fresh from the cooling spring.We thanked her, but she did not hear the full gratitude that was in our hearts."-Preface.
At Her Majestys Secret Service: The Chiefs of Britains Intelligence Service, MI6
by Nigel WestIn August 1909, a kindly, balding, figure named Mansfield Smith-Cumming was summoned to London by Admiral Alexander Bethell, Director of Naval Intelligence. He was to assume the inaugural position of Chief – more famously known as ‘C – of what has become