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Ancient Civilizations of Mexico and Central America (Native American)
by Herbert J. SpindenFrom the archaic period, through the great Mayan civilization and the "Middle" civilizations of Olmecs, Toltecs and others, to the glory of the Aztecs, this classic study offers a comprehensive survey of the extent and variety of pre-Columbian civilizations in the New World. Profusely illustrated with 47 black-and-white plates, 86 text figures. New Introduction by Bruce E. Byland. Bibliography. Index, Map. Diagram of American Chronology.
Ancient Civilizations Of The New World (Essays In World History Ser.)
by Richard Ew AdamsIn this concise, yet sweeping look at the origins and development of ancient New World civilizations, Richard Adams provides a superb introductory overview of these unique and fascinating cultures. Incorporating the latest breakthroughs in the study of the cultures of Mesoamerica and the Andes, Adams examines the development of the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca peoples, among others, from simple agricultural societies to urban civilizations with complex transportation networks, distinct social hierarchies, rich artistic and religious traditions, and writing systems that have defied anthropological investigation until recently. }In this concise, yet sweeping look at the origins and development of ancient New World civilizations, Richard Adams provides a superb introductory overview of these unique and fascinating cultures. Incorporating the latest breakthroughs in the study of the culture s of Mesoamerica and the Andes, Adams examines the development of the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca peoples, among others, from simple agricultural societies to urban civilizations with complex transportation networks, distinct social hierarchies, rich artistic and religious traditions, and writing systems that have defied anthropological investigation until recently.The question of why these thriving cultures collapsed so suddenly when faced with the European conquest is explored, as are comparisons with ancient Old World civilizations of the Middle East and Asia. }
The Ancient Cliff Dwellers of Mesa Verde
by Caroline ArnoldDiscusses the Native Americans known as the Anasazi, who migrated to southwestern Colorado in the first century A.D. and mysteriously disappeared in 1300 A.D. after constructing extensive dwellings in the cliffs of the steep canyon walls. For children.
Ancient Coins Were Shaped Like Hams: And Other Freaky Facts about Coins, Bills, and Counterfeiting
by Barbara SeulingMoney may make the world go around, but whose money is it, where did it come from, and whose idea was it? You will get your money's worth in this book full of facts about coins, bills, counterfeiting, and other interesting money topics.
An Ancient Commentary on the Book of Revelation
by P. TzamalikosThis is a new critical edition, with translation and commentary, of the Scholia in Apocalypsin, which were falsely attributed to Origen a century ago. They include extensive sections from Didymus the Blind's lost Commentary on the Apocalypse (fourth century) and therefore counter the current belief that Oecumenius' commentary (sixth century) was the most ancient. Professor Tzamalikos argues that their author was in fact Cassian the Sabaite, an erudite monk and abbot at the monastery of Sabas, the Great Laura, in Palestine. He was different from the alleged Latin author John Cassian, placed a century or so before the real Cassian. The Scholia attest to the tension between the imperial Christian orthodoxy of the sixth century and certain monastic circles, who drew freely on Hellenic ideas and on alleged 'heretics'. They show that, during that period, Hellenism was a vigorous force inspiring not only pagan intellectuals, but also influential Christian quarters.
The Ancient Commentators on Plato and Aristotle (Ancient Philosophies Ser. #6)
by Miira TuominenIn late antiquity the works of Plato and Aristotle were subject to intense study, which eventually led to the development of a new literary form, the philosophical commentary. Until recently these commentaries were understood chiefly as sources of information for the masters - Plato and Aristotle - they commented upon. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly acknowledged that the commentators themselves - Aspasius, Alexander, Themistius, Porphyry, Proclus, Philoponus, Simplicius and others - even though they worked in the Platonist - Aristotelian framework, contributed to this tradition in original, innovative and significant ways such that their commentaries are philosophically important sources in their own right. This book provides the first systematic introduction to the 'philosophy' of the commentators: their way of doing philosophy and the kind of philosophical problems they found interesting.Although there was no philosophy of the commentators in the sense of a definite set of doctrines, Tuominen shows how the commentary format was nevertheless a vehicle for original philosophical theorizing and argues convincingly that the commentators should take their place alongside other philosophers of antiquity in the history of western philosophy.
Ancient Complex Societies
by Jennifer C. Ross Sharon R. SteadmanAncient Complex Societies examines the archaeological evidence for the rise and functioning of politically and socially “complex” cultures in antiquity. Particular focus is given to civilizations exhibiting positions of leadership, social and administrative hierarchies, emerging and already developed complex religious systems, and economic differentiation. Case studies are drawn from around the globe, including Asia, the Mediterranean region, and the American continents. Using case studies from Africa, Polynesia, and North America, discussion is dedicated to identifying what “complex” means and when it should be applied to ancient systems. Each chapter attempts to not only explore the sociopolitical and economic elements of ancient civilizations, but to also present an overview of what life was like for the later population within each system, sometimes drilling down to individual people living their daily lives. Throughout the chapters, the authors address problems with the idea of complexity, the incomparability of cultures, and the inconsistency of archaeological and historical evidence in reconstructing ancient cultures.
Ancient Concepts of Philosophy (Issues in Ancient Philosophy)
by William JordanFirst published in 1993. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Ancient Cosmologies (Routledge Library Editions: The Ancient World)
by Michael Loewe Carmen BlackerIn Ancient Cosmologies (1975) nine eminent scholars seek to answer the question, what was the shape of the universe imagined by those ancient peoples to whom all modern knowledge of geography and astronomy was inaccessible? How did the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Jews, Indians, Chinese, Arabs, Greeks and Norsemen conceive the form of the cosmos which accommodated not only the known face of the earth and the visible heavenly bodies but also those other worlds which it was deemed necessary to locate comprehensibly in space – the realms of the dead, both blessed and damned, and the countries inhabited by gods and demons?
Ancient Crete: From Early Times Until the Roman Occupation (Phoenix Press Ser.)
by R. F. WillettsFirst published in 2006. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Ancient Culture of the Bering Sea and the Eskimo Problem (Arctic Institute of North America Anthropology of the North #No. 1)
by Sergei Rudenko Paul Tolstoy Henry N. MichaelThe original work, in Russian, appeared in 1947 and is still regarded as an important contribution to knowledge of the early history of the Eskimo. This translation makes available in English the results of archaeological research in a significant area, the extreme northeast of continental Asia, and the data reported are a valuable addition to previous information on the ethnology, linguistics and physical anthropology of the peoples of the Arctic. In particular this book reports investigations made by the author on the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula from the village of Uwelen in the north to the village of Sirhenik in the south.<P><P> This is volume I in a series Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources being sponsored by the Arctic Institute of North America.
Ancient Cuzco: Heartland of the Inca
by Brian S. BauerThe Cuzco Valley of Peru was both the sacred and the political center of the largest state in the prehistoric Americas-the Inca Empire. From the city of Cuzco, the Incas ruled at least eight million people in a realm that stretched from modern-day Colombia to Chile. Yet, despite its great importance in the cultural development of the Americas, the Cuzco Valley has only recently received the same kind of systematic archaeological survey long since conducted at other New World centers of civilization. Drawing on the results of the Cuzco Valley Archaeological Project that Brian Bauer directed from 1994 to 2000, this landmark book undertakes the first general overview of the prehistory of the Cuzco region from the arrival of the first hunter-gatherers (ca. 7000 B. C. ) to the fall of the Inca Empire in A. D. 1532. Combining archaeological survey and excavation data with historical records, the book addresses both the specific patterns of settlement in the Cuzco Valley and the larger processes of cultural development. With its wealth of new information, this book will become the baseline for research on the Inca and the Cuzco Valley for years to come.
The Ancient Dialect: Thomas Carlyle and Comparative Religion
by Ruth apRobertsThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1988.
Ancient DNA: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #840)
by Michael Hofreiter Beth ShapiroResearch into ancient DNA began more than 25 years ago with the publication of short mitochondrial DNA sequence fragments from the quagga, an extinct relative of the zebra. Ancient DNA research really gained momentum following the invention of PCR, which allowed millions of copies to be made of the few remaining DNA molecules preserved in fossils and museum specimens. In Ancient DNA: Methods and Protocols expert researchers in the field describe many of the protocols that are now commonly used to study ancient DNA. These include instructions for setting up an ancient DNA laboratory, extraction protocols for a wide range of different substrates, details of laboratory techniques including PCR and NGS library preparation, and suggestions for appropriate analytical approaches to make sense of the sequences obtained. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Ancient DNA: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of ancient DNA and the methodological approaches in ancient research.
Ancient DNA: The Making of a Celebrity Science
by Elizabeth D JonesThe untold story of the rise of the new scientific field of ancient DNA research, and how Jurassic Park and popular media influenced its development Ancient DNA research—the recovery of genetic material from long-dead organisms—is a discipline that developed from science fiction into a reality between the 1980s and today. Drawing on scientific, historical, and archival material, as well as original interviews with more than fifty researchers worldwide, Elizabeth Jones explores the field&’s formation and explains its relationship with the media by examining its close connection to de-extinction, the science and technology of resurrecting extinct species. She reveals how the search for DNA from fossils flourished under the influence of intense press and public interest, particularly as this new line of research coincided with the book and movie Jurassic Park. Ancient DNA is the first account to trace the historical and sociological interplay between science and celebrity in the rise of this new research field. In the process, Jones argues that ancient DNA research is more than a public-facing science: it is a celebrity science.
Ancient DNA: Methods And Protocols (Methods In Molecular Biology Series #840)
by Beth Shapiro Axel Barlow Peter D. Heintzman Michael Hofreiter Johanna L. A. Paijmans André E. R. SoaresThis fully updated second edition explores protocols that address the most challenging aspects of experimental work in ancient DNA, such as preparing ancient samples for DNA extraction, the DNA extraction itself, and transforming extracted ancient DNA molecules for sequencing library preparation. The volume also examines the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data recovered from ancient specimens, which, because of the degraded nature of ancient DNA and common co-extraction of contaminant DNA, has challenges that are unique compared to data recovered from modern specimens.Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. <P><P> Authoritative and cutting-edge, Ancient DNA: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to serve both experts and beginners by presenting protocols in a manner that makes them easily accessible for everyday use in the lab.
Ancient Dynasties: The Families that Ruled the Classical World, circa 1000 BC to AD 750
by John D. GraingerA guide to the over 150 families that ruled the Classical world, from the 10th century BC to the 8th century AD, from western Europe to central Asia. Ancient Dynasties is a unique study of the ruling families of the ancient world known to the Greeks and Romans. The book is in two parts. The first offers analysis and discussion of various features of the ruling dynasties (including the leading families of republican Rome). It examines patterns, similarities and contrasts, categorizes types of dynasty and explores common themes such as how they were founded and maintained, the role of women, and the various reasons for their decline. The second part is a catalog of all the dynasties (over 150 of them) known to have existed between approximately 1000 BC and AD 750 from the Atlantic Ocean to Baktria (roughly modern Afghanistan). It provides genealogical tables as well as information on where and when they held power. Altogether, Ancient Dynasties offers an invaluable reference to ancient history buffs interested in the families that wielded power in the Classical world.
The Ancient East
by D. G. HogarthPublished in 1914, The Ancient East was written by British archaeologist David George Hogarth
Ancient Economic Thought (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics)
by Betsy PriceThis book explores the interrelationship between economic practice and religion, ethics and social structure in a number of ancient cultures, including ancient East Indian, Hebraic, Greek, Hellenistic, Roman and emerging European cultures.
Ancient Economies in Comparative Perspective: Material Life, Institutions and Economic Thought (Frontiers in Economic History)
by Marcella Frangipane Monika Poettinger Bertram SchefoldThis book investigates the economic organization of ancient societies from a comparative perspective. By pursuing an interdisciplinary approach, including contributions by archaeologists, historians of antiquity, economic historians as well as historians of economic thought, it studies various aspects of ancient economies, such as the material living conditions including production technologies, etc.; economic institutions such as markets and coinage; as well as the economic thinking of the time. In the process, it also explores the comparability of economic thought, economic institutions and economic systems in ancient history. Focusing on the Ancient Near East as well as the Mediterranean, including Greece and Rome, this comparative perspective makes it possible to identify historical permanencies, but also diverse forms of social and political organization and cultural systems. These institutions are then evaluated in terms of their capacity to solve economic problems, such as the efficient use of resources or political stability. The first part of the book introduces readers to the methodological context of the comparative approach, including an evaluation of the related historiographical tradition. Subsequent parts discuss a range of development models, elements of economic thinking in ancient societies, the role of trade and globalization, and the use of monetary and financial instruments, as well as political aspects.
Ancient Economy
by M. I. Finley Ian Morris"Technical progress, economic growth, productivity, even efficiency have not been significant goals since the beginning of time," declares M. I. Finley in his classic work. The states of the ancient Mediterranean world had no recognizable real-property market, never fought a commercially inspired war, witnessed no drive to capital formation, and assigned the management of many substantial enterprises to slaves and ex-slaves. In short, to study the economies of the ancient world, one must begin by discarding many premises that seemed self-evident before Finley showed that they were useless or misleading. Available again, with a new foreword by Ian Morris, these sagacious, fertile, and occasionally combative essays are just as electrifying today as when Finley first wrote them.
The Ancient Economy (Edinburgh Readings On The Ancient World Ser.)
by Walter Scheidel Sitta von RedenThe Ancient Economy introduces readers to the nature of economic life in the ancient world, and provides a valuable guide to scholarly debates on the subject. The book describes and examines the economic processes and fluctuations of the ancient world, and shows how these relate to political and social change and conditions. Leading experts address the central issues, from agricultural production to the uses of money and the creation of markets. Taken as a whole the book exemplifies the range of interdisciplinary perspectives on the ancient economy, and illustrates the methodological approaches scholars have deployed to understand it. In doing so it draws on literary, ecological and archaeological evidence.
Ancient Education and Its Meaning to Us
by J. F. DobsonWHAT is the true object of education? Should the educator aim at training the largest possible number of individuals to be of the greatest possible service to the State, up to the limit of the capability of each, or should he rather try to give each one an opportunity to develop fully the best qualities which he possesses, regardless of whether this method of training may or may not seem to be of immediate practical use either to the person or to the community? The question, in most ages and most countries, does not admit of a simple answer. It came nearest to being answered in Sparta, which of all nations known to history paid least attention to the individual as such, and in Republican Rome, which, though not so rigid as Sparta, regarded education as concerned mainly with the production of useful citizens. In Rome, at least before the great development which followed on the introduction of Greek ideas, and in Sparta throughout her history, this social side of education was predominant.In other Greek states there was at all times more of individualism. The Ionians of Asia Minor represent the extreme of the opposite attitude, and even democratic Athens did not wish to have all her citizens turned out of the same mould, but, while giving equal opportunities to all, neither expected nor wished that everyone should follow the same line or reach the same goal... Plato, for instance, who was deeply influenced by Spartan ideals, attached the highest importance to the State, and though, in his Republic, he would have the individuals highly trained in many branches of learning which in Sparta or early Rome would have been rejected as either superfluous or harmful, it has been often pointed out that the individuals in his State pass a laborious life of service and self-sacrifice in order to assure the greatest happiness to the greatest number; while his strictures on poetry and other imitative arts shew further that the individual is to him of little importance.
Ancient Egypt
by Penelope ArlonA new generation of reference books for kids used to surfing and swiping! This book is packed with exclusive photos so that kids can see ancient Egypt like never before! The images are accompanied by time lines, step-by-steps, and cross-section graphics for original and startling insights into pharaohs, mummy making, and pyramids. Most of all, the book encourages children to think for themselves: Was King Tut murdered, or did he die of natural causes? Can you decode hieroglyphics and read the Book of the Dead?
Ancient Egypt
by James BaikieThe author takes us through the land of Ancient Egypt, including glimpses of its people, their architecture, their trade, their culture etc.