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Athens and Sparta: Constructing Greek Political and Social History from 478 BC
by Anton PowellAthens and Sparta is an essential textbook for the study of Greek history. Providing a comprehensive account of the two key Greek powers in the years after 478 BC, it charts the rise of Athens from city-state to empire after the devastation of the Persian Wars, and the increasing tensions with their rivals, Sparta, culminating in the Peloponnesian Wars. As well as the political history of the period, it also offers an insight into the radically different political systems of these two superpowers, and explores aspects of social history such as Athenian democracy, life in Sparta, and the lives of Athenian women. More than this though, it encourages students to develop their critical skills, guiding them in how to think about history, demonstrating in a lucid way the techniques used in interpreting the ancient sources. In this new third edition, Anton Powell includes discussion of the latest scholarship on this crucial period in Greek history. Its bibliography has been renewed, and for the first time it includes numerous photographs of Greek sites and archaeological objects discussed in the text. Written in an accessible style and covering the key events of the period – the rise to power of Athens, the unusual Spartan state, and their rivalry and eventual clash in all out war – this is an invaluable tool for students of the history of Greece in the fifth century BC.
Athens and Sparta: Constructing Greek Political and Social History from 478 BC
by Anton PowellAthens and Sparta has established itself as a handbook to the main topics of Greek history in the classical period. It deals not only with the established areas of political history, but also with some of the most important aspects of Greek social history and historical methods to the main topics of Greek history in the classical period.
Athens and the Greek Miracle (Routledge Library Editions: The Ancient World)
by C.P. RodocanachiAthens and the Greek Miracle (1948) is a work of interpretation, poetic in character rather than scientific or historical, that attempts to penetrate some of the primary causes of this unique Athenian culture, to evoke its past spirit in the modern world.
Athens at the Margins: Pottery and People in the Early Mediterranean World
by Nathan T. ArringtonHow the interactions of non-elites influenced Athenian material culture and societyThe seventh century BC in ancient Greece is referred to as the Orientalizing period because of the strong presence of Near Eastern elements in art and culture. Conventional narratives argue that goods and knowledge flowed from East to West through cosmopolitan elites. Rejecting this explanation, Athens at the Margins proposes a new narrative of the origins behind the style and its significance, investigating how material culture shaped the ways people and communities thought of themselves.Athens and the region of Attica belonged to an interconnected Mediterranean, in which people, goods, and ideas moved in unexpected directions. Network thinking provides a way to conceive of this mobility, which generated a style of pottery that was heterogeneous and dynamic. Although the elite had power, they were unable to agree on the norms of conspicuous consumption and status display. A range of social actors used objects, contributing to cultural change and to the socially mediated production of meaning. Historiography and the analysis of evidence from a wide range of contexts—cemeteries, sanctuaries, workshops, and symposia—offers the possibility to step outside the aesthetic frameworks imposed by classical Greek masterpieces and to expand the canon of Greek art.Highlighting the results of new excavations and looking at the interactions of people with material culture, Athens at the Margins provocatively shifts perspectives on Greek art and its relationship to the eastern Mediterranean.
Athens, Attica and the Megarid: An Archaeological Guide
by Hans Rupprecht GoetteThis exciting new guide is the ideal companion to Greece if you are a traveller with historical and archaeological interests, as it combines practical information with impeccable scholarly research.Written by an expert on Greece's landscape and archaeology, the guide is unique in exploring a wide range of sites off the beaten track. It also tours all the best-known monuments and regions, from the Acropolis to Aegina, from Megara to Marathon and from Sounion to Salamis.Beautifully illustrated with over 200 plates, maps, plans and drawings, it includes:* precise descriptions of routes and individual sites* artistic, historical, social and political background* unprecedented coverage outside Athens* detailed exploration of the post-classical, Byzantine and post-Byzantine periods.Take it with you on your travels or read it at home; either way, you will gain a deeper appreciation and enjoyment of Greece's history and archaeology.
Athens Burning: The Persian Invasion of Greece and the Evacuation of Attica (Witness to Ancient History)
by Robert GarlandThe gripping story of how the Athenians survived the Persian invasion of their homeland—one of the central events in ancient Greek history.Winner of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title of the Choice ACRLBetween June 480 and August 479 BC, tens of thousands of Athenians evacuated, following King Xerxes’ victory at the Battle of Thermopylae. Abandoning their homes and ancestral tombs in the wake of the invading Persian army, they sought refuge abroad. Women and children were sent to one safe haven, the elderly to another, while all men of military age were conscripted into the fleet. During this difficult year of exile, the city of Athens was set on fire not once, but twice. In Athens Burning, Robert Garland explores the reasons behind the decision to abandon Attica, the peninsular region of Greece that includes Athens, while analyzing the consequences, both material and psychological, of the resulting invasion.Garland introduces readers to the contextual background of the Greco-Persian wars, which include the famous Battle of Marathon. He describes the various stages of the invasion from both the Persian and Greek point of view and explores the siege of the Acropolis, the defeat of the Persians first by the allied Greek navy and later by the army, and, finally, the return of the Athenians to their land.Taking its inspiration from the sufferings of civilians, Athens Burning also works to dispel the image of the Persians as ruthless barbarians. Addressing questions that are largely ignored in other accounts of the conflict, including how the evacuation was organized and what kind of facilities were available to the refugees along the way, Garland demonstrates the relevance of ancient history to the contemporary world. This compelling story is especially resonant in a time when the news is filled with the suffering of nearly 5 million people driven by civil war from their homes in Syria. Aimed at students and scholars of ancient history, this highly accessible book will also fascinate anyone interested in the burgeoning fields of refugee and diaspora studies.
Athens Burning: The Persian Invasion of Greece and the Evacuation of Attica (Witness to Ancient History)
by Robert Garland“A fresh approach to the Greco-Persian wars focusing on Athens’s evacuation, Persian occupation, and rebuilding . . . [a] compelling book.” —John O. Hyland, Christopher Newport UniversityWinner of the Choice Outstanding Academic TitleBetween June 480 and August 479 BC, tens of thousands of Athenians evacuated, following King Xerxes’ victory at the Battle of Thermopylae. Abandoning their homes and ancestral tombs in the wake of the invading Persian army, they sought refuge abroad. During this difficult year of exile, the city of Athens was set on fire not once, but twice. In Athens Burning, Robert Garland explores the reasons behind the decision to abandon Attica, the peninsular region of Greece that includes Athens, while analyzing the consequences, both material and psychological, of the resulting invasion.Taking its inspiration from the sufferings of civilians, Athens Burning also works to dispel the image of the Persians as ruthless barbarians. Addressing questions that are largely ignored in other accounts of the conflict, including how the evacuation was organized and what kind of facilities were available to the refugees along the way, Garland demonstrates the relevance of ancient history to the contemporary world. This compelling story is especially resonant in a time when the news is filled with the suffering of nearly 5 million people driven by civil war from their homes in Syria. Aimed at students and scholars of ancient history, this highly accessible book will also fascinate anyone interested in the burgeoning fields of refugee and diaspora studies.“The fullest account of the Persian sack of Athens in September 480 and in June 479 BCE available in English.” —Canadian Journal of History
Athens in Decline: 404-86 B.C. (Routledge Revivals)
by Claude MosséAthens has, at different times and from different points of view, been cited as a model of moderate democracy and triumphant humanism, or, on the contrary, as an illustration of the disorders due to demagoguery and misguided imperialism. Professor Mossé looks beyond these judgments to discuss the exceptional destiny of Athens – a city which for two centuries dominated the Eastern Mediterranean world, but then faded from the political scene when Rome extended its control over the whole Mediterranean. The history of Athenian democracy does not end in 404 BC, as is sometimes thought, when the city capitulated to Sparta at the end of its Golden Age. Athens in Decline, first published in 1973, demonstrates how the city experienced another seventy-five years of greatness, and survived, more or less curtailed, under Macedonian domination. She examines the reasons for the final collapse and follows the stages of a decline which was not wholly without grandeur.
The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone (African Studies)
by Daniel J. Paracka, Jr.This book is about Fourah Bay College (FBC) and its role as an institution of higher learning in both its African and international context. The study traces the College's development through periods of missionary education (1816-1876), colonial education (1876-1938), and development education (1938-2001).
Athens on Trial: The Antidemocratic Tradition in Western Thought
by Jennifer Tolbert RobertsThe Classical Athenians were the first to articulate and implement the notion that ordinary citizens of no particular affluence or education could make responsible political decisions. For this reason, reactions to Athenian democracy have long provided a prime Rorschach test for political thought. Whether praising Athens's government as the legitimizing ancestor of modern democracies or condemning it as mob rule, commentators throughout history have revealed much about their own notions of politics and society. In this book, Jennifer Roberts charts responses to Athenian democracy from Athens itself through the twentieth century, exploring a debate that touches upon historiography, ethics, political science, anthropology, sociology, philosophy, gender studies, and educational theory.
Athens, Rome, and England: America's Constitutional Heritage
by Matthew A PauleyUncovering the roots of the U.S. ConstitutionThe U.S. Constitution influences nearly every aspect of our lives. But for all the fierce disputes about what the Constitution means, the historical foundations of America&’s legal and political institutions pass almost unnoticed today. This is a glaring oversight, one that clouds our understanding of the Constitution and American law and politics in general. For the Constitution did not spring up suddenly in 1787. The framers were influenced at every turn by a tradition of constitutional development dating back to ancient times. Political scientist and legal scholar Matthew A. Pauley fills in the blanks in our understanding by chronicling the three most important influences on the American constitutional experience: ancient Greece, ancient Rome, and England. Pauley&’s masterful historical survey sheds new light on our system of representative democracy, our court structure, and our traditions of law—civil and criminal, public and private. No student of law or government can afford to ignore this highly readable, deeply informative work. Athens, Rome, and England adds immeasurably to our appreciation and understanding of the roots of the American Constitution and our legal and political system.
Athens, Thrace, and the Shaping of Athenian Leadership
by Matthew A. SearsFrom the mid-sixth to the mid-fourth century BCE a nexus of connections to Thrace defined the careers of several of Athens' most prominent figures, including Pisistratus, Miltiades, Alcibiades, and Iphicrates. This book explores the importance of Thrace to these individuals and its resulting significance in the political, cultural, and social history of Athens. Thrace was vitally important for Athens thanks to its natural resources and access to strategic waterways, which were essential to a maritime empire, and connections to the area conferred wealth and military influence on certain Athenians and offered them a refuge if they faced political persecution at home. However, Thrace's importance to prominent individuals transcended politics: its culture was also an important draw. Thrace was a world free of Athenian political, social, and cultural constraints - one that bore a striking resemblance to the world of Homeric epic.
Athens Transformed, 404-262 BC: From Popular Sovereignty to the Dominion of Wealth (Routledge Monographs in Classical Studies)
by Phillip HardingDuring the heady, democratic days of the fifth and fourth centuries, the poorer members of Athenian society, the lower two classes of zeugitai and thetes, enjoyed an unprecedented dominance in both domestic and foreign politics. At home, the participatory nature of the constitution required their presence not only in the lawcourts and assembly, but also in most of the minor magistracies; abroad, they were the driving force of the navy, which ensured Athens’ control of the Aegean and the Black seas. Their participation at all levels was made possible by state pay (for jury duty, attendance in the assembly, public office and military service). In the fifth century state pay was financed largely through the tribute paid by members of the empire, supplemented by the liturgical contributions of the rich and, beginning during the war, a property tax (the eisphora). In the fourth century, almost the whole burden was shouldered by taxation upon the wealthy, especially those who owned property. In this book, author Phillip Harding traces the major changes that occurred in the administration of the state that eventually deprived the lower classes of their supremacy and transferred power into the hands of the wealthy land-owners. Things changed radically after Athens’ defeat in the Lamian (or Hellenic) War in 322BC. Over the next several decades, restriction of the franchise, elimination of pay for some public offices, the loss of the navy, the increased dependence upon local grain from the larger estates in Attika, the removal of the tax burden from the rich by the ending of such major liturgies as the trierarchia and the choregia and the abandoning of the eisphora all contributed to this transformation.
Ätherische Öle & Aromaöle
by Sherry StylesMöchten Sie Beschwerden, Entzündungen und Schmerzen endlich loswerden? Schon seit langem werden ätherische Öle zur Behandlung von einer Reihe von Krankheiten wie Schlafstörungen, Angstzuständen, Stress, Akne, Allergien, Erkältungen, Erschöpfung und vielem mehr verwendet! Die Verwendung von ätherischen Ölen hilft auch bei Entzündungen, stärkt das Immunsystem, steigert das Energielevel, das allgemeine Wohlbefinden und vieles mehr! Diese Einführung in die Geheimnisse von Aromatherapie-Profis hilft Ihnen, sich gesünder als je zuvor zu fühlen! Mit jahrzehntelang erprobten Strategien zeigt Ihnen dieses E-Book die schnellste und effektivste Möglichkeit, ätherische Öle für Ihr Wohlbefinden zu verwenden! Sie werden lernen, wie Sie Ihr Wohlbefinden in nur wenigen Wochen steigern können. Nicht nur das, sondern Sie werden buchstäblich jeden einzelnen Aspekt Ihres Lebens verbessern. Möchten Sie wissen, wie andere Menschen mit zu viel Stress umgehen? Lernen auch Sie die Geheimnisse, um glücklicher und gesünder zu werden. Dieser Ratgeber vermittelt Ihnen bewährte Techniken ohne die Verwendung teurer Ergänzungsmittel oder Kurse. Was finden Sie hier? - Heilmittel. - Arten von Ölen. - Stressreduktion. - Mehr Energie. - Besser schlafen. - Alles, was Sie wissen müssen. + VIEL MEHR! Wenn Sie gesünder sein, Beschwerden heilen oder Ihre Konzentrationsfähigkeit und Wohlbefinden verbessern möchten, ist dieser Ratgeber genau das Richtige für Sie. -> Scrollen Sie zum Seitenanfang und klicken Sie auf "In den Warenkorb", um dieses Buch sofort zu kaufen.
Ätherische Öle für Katzen: Rezepte, Anwendung und Unbedenklichkeit von Ätherischen Ölen für Ihre Katze
by The BlokeheadIn diesem Buch erfahren Sie, mit welchen Ölen Sie Ihre Katze beruhigen oder ihr beim Entspannen helfen, wie Sie Flöhe oder Zecken bekämpfen, die Haut Ihrer Katzen gesund erhalten und ihre empfindlichen Ohren und Nasen generell pflegen können. Es gibt viele gezielte Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von ätherischen Ölen bei Katzen. In diesem Buch erfahren Sie, mit welchen Ölen Sie Ihre Katze beruhigen oder ihr beim Entspannen helfen, wie Sie Flöhe oder Zecken bekämpfen, die Haut Ihrer Katzen gesund erhalten und ihre empfindlichen Ohren und Nasen generell pflegen können. Sie finden auch einige Ölrezepte, mit denen Sie die Umgebung Ihrer Katze desodorieren und Insekten bekämpfen können. Schnappen Sie sich das Buch, um mehr zu erfahren!
Atherosclerosis: Experimental Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine #52)
by Angela F. DrewIn Atherosclerosis: Experimental Methods and Protocols, Angela Drew and a panel of experts have assembled a comprehensive collection of traditional and cutting-edge techniques for investigating this disease and its possible treatments. Each readily reproducible method includes step-by-step instructions and practical information regarding sample collection, the choice of animal model system, experimental design, and practical data analysis techniques. Comprehensive and richly detailed, Atherosclerosis: Experimental Methods and Protocols enables all biomedical investigators to select those optimized techniques that may be most fruitfully used to study the development, progression, and treatment of atherosclerotic lesions today.
Atherosclerosis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2419)
by Dipak P. RamjiThis volume provides detailed, up-to-date methods used in research on Atherosclerosis. Chapters guide readers through an overview of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and model systems together with in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo and emerging methods in atherosclerosis research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Atherosclerosis: Methods and Protocols serves as an invaluable resource for those engaging in research on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as for researchers who are new to the field and students at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level.
Atherosclerosis: Clinical Perspectives Through Imaging
by Allen J Taylor Todd C VillinesAtherosclerosis: Clinical Perspectives Through Imaging is aimed at practicing clinicians and relies on didactic tabular and bullet points and a host of fine imagery describing the common features of the imaging of atherosclerosis, enabling the reader to understand more about the advantages and limitations of each modality in investigating athersclosis. Edited by and contributed to by a host of international experts in cardiac imaging, this book is a must read by all who image the heart.
Atherosclerosis
by Hong Wang Cam PattersonComprehensive and in-depth in its coverage, Atherosclerosis: Cellular, Molecular & Biochemical Mechanism and Novel Therapy reviews the recent progress in atherosclerosis research and offers cutting edge perspectives from experts in the field. Written by an international team of authors including leading physician-scientists, research experts and physicians, chapters are divided into four major sections, covering risk factors, cellular and molecular mechanisms, biochemical mechanisms and novel and future therapeutics. Atherosclerosis: Cellular, Molecular & Biochemical Mechanism and Novel Therapy analyses recent progress from both conceptual and technological perspectives, suggesting new directions for atherosclerosis research and treatment for a growing population of researchers and clinicians in cardiovascular and related fields.
Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis
by Rodney A. WhiteSelected as an outstanding book in vascular surgery by members of the Society for Vascular Surgery.*This unique new text describes the current understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis. It also details the methods for quantitating and characterizing both experimental and clinical lesions, and describes the methods for preparing available animal models. Providing an in-depth review of each of these topics, the text organizes the information in one volume for the convenience of the reader. The text is divided into two sections. First is a description of the cell biology, biochemistry and pharmacology of normal vessels and of atherosclerotic human lesions, with details of the methods to accurately characterize and quantitate the disease. Secondly, it presents a description of the methods for preparing the available experimental animal models, including a discussion of the distribution and pathological characteristics of the lesions. It also includes comparisons of human atherosclerosis and experimental animal models. Intended to provide a basis for expediting future research in this priority health care area, this text compiles the available information for those who treat patients with atherosclerosis or who are involved in atherosclerosis research. It is of particular interest to students, physicians, and academic and commercial researchers.
Atherosclerosis and Heart Disease
by Andrew M TonkinExploring the entire range of recent advances, Atherosclerosis and Heart Disease covers all aspects of atherosclerotic disease, including chronic manifestations, bypass surgery, stroke prevention and methods to lower blood pressure. Prof. Tonkin brings together a team of internationally-recognized experts to discuss sound clinical practices, based
Atherosclerosis Disease Management
by Jasjit S. Suri Chirinjeev Kathuria Filippo MolinariAtherosclerosis is a degenerative process affecting blood vessels, which determines narrowing of the lumen, plaque growth, and hardening of the walls. It is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The focus of this book is on the management of the atherosclerotic disease. The coverage of this book spans from histological presentation of the various stages of atherosclerotic lesions to the earliest studies in atherosclerosis therapy, from advanced clinical diagnosis to monitoring, follow-up, and home-care of the atherosclerotic patient. The book shows well-established diagnostic techniques covering several medical imaging modalities such as Ultrasounds, IVUS, MRI, Computer Tomography, along with new trends in early and advanced atherosclerosis diagnosis (innovative drugs and tissue characterization procedures). Surgical standards will be presented along with innovative experimental trials for the treatment of the atherosclerotic patient. The book will also cover emerging techniques based on molecular imaging and vibro-acoustics.
Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis and Microvascular Dysfunction
by Axel Haverich Erin Colleen BoyleThis book provides new perspectives on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Chapters cover atherosclerosis risk factors, the effect of growth and aging on vascular architecture, and the crucial role the microvasculature plays in atherosclerosis development. Microvascular dysfunction would explain why the well-known risk factors actually put individuals at higher risk. This pathomechanism would also hold true not only for obstructive atheroma formation but also for aneurysmal dilatation as well as for aortic and peripheral artery dissection. When seen through this lens, novel preventive and therapeutic opportunities can be envisioned.Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis and Microvascular Dysfunction proposes a single unifying mechanism of atherosclerosis development and describes potential preventative and therapeutic avenues based on this concept. It therefore represents a timely and valuable resource for internal medicine, cardiology, angiology cardiovascular surgeons, pathology clinicians, researchers, trainees, and students.
Atherosklerose-Pathogenese und mikrovaskuläre Dysfunktion
by Axel Haverich Erin Colleen BoyleDieses Buch bietet neue Einblicke in die Pathogenese der Atherosklerose. Die Kapitel befassen sich mit den Risikofaktoren für Atherosklerose, den Auswirkungen von Wachstum und Alterung auf die Gefäßarchitektur und der entscheidenden Rolle, die das Mikrogefäßsystem bei der Entstehung von Atherosklerose spielt. Eine mikrovaskuläre Dysfunktion würde erklären, warum die bekannten Risikofaktoren das Risiko für den Einzelnen tatsächlich erhöhen. Dieser Pathomechanismus würde nicht nur für die obstruktive Atherombildung gelten, sondern auch für die aneurysmatische Dilatation sowie für die Dissektion der Aorta und der peripheren Arterien. Durch diese Brille betrachtet, ergeben sich neue präventive und therapeutische Möglichkeiten.In Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis and Microvascular Dysfunction wird ein einheitlicher Mechanismus für die Entstehung von Atherosklerose vorgeschlagen und es werden potenzielle präventive und therapeutische Möglichkeiten auf der Grundlage dieses Konzepts beschrieben. Das Buch stellt daher eine zeitgemäße und wertvolle Ressource für Ärzte der Inneren Medizin, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgen, Pathologen, Forscher, Auszubildende und Studenten dar.
An Athiest Defends Religion: Why Humanity Is Better Off with Religion than without It
by Bruce SheimanA new perspective. Defending religion as a cultural institution in the face of resurgent atheistic thought For centuries, the theism-atheism debate has been dominated by two positions: stringent believers committed to the "yes, there is a God" argument, and atheists vehemently driven to repudiate not only God, but also religion as a cultural institution. To date, this is the first and only mainstream book in which a nonbeliever criticizes atheism and affirms religion. An Atheist Defends Religion persuasively argues that religion is overwhelmingly beneficial for humanity, regardless of whether God exists, based on a new paradigm of 10 affirmative dimensions that make up religious experience. It also puts to rest the theory that religion is behind most of the world's sectarian violence by showing that religion becomes evil when it is politicized. Readers will learn they do not have to be fundamentalists to be believers, and about the value and benefits of religion itself.