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Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid: Biological Applications
by rer.nat. Georg J. Schmitz Ulrich PrahlAbout 40 % of current atomic force microscopy (AFM) research is performed in liquids, making liquid-based AFM a rapidly growing and important tool for the study of biological materials. This book focuses on the underlying principles and experimental aspects of AFM under liquid, with an easy-to-follow organization intended for new AFM scientists. The book also serves as an up-to-date review of new AFM techniques developed especially for biological samples. Aimed at physicists, materials scientists, biologists, analytical chemists, and medicinal chemists. An ideal reference book for libraries. From the contents: Part I: General Atomic Force Microscopy * AFM: Basic Concepts * Carbon Nanotube Tips in Atomic Force Microscopy with * Applications to Imaging in Liquid * Force Spectroscopy * Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid * Fundamentals of AFM Cantilever Dynamics in Liquid * Environments * Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy * High-Speed AFM for Observing Dynamic Processes in Liquid * Integration of AFM with Optical Microscopy Techniques Part II: Biological Applications * DNA and Protein-DNA Complexes * Single-Molecule Force Microscopy of Cellular Sensors * AFM-Based Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy * Nano-Surgical Manipulation of Living Cells with the AFM
Atomic Force Microscopy in Molecular and Cell Biology
by Jiye CaiThe book addresses new achievements in AFM instruments – e.g. higher speed and higher resolution – and how AFM is being combined with other new methods like NSOM, STED, STORM, PALM, and Raman. This book explores the latest advances in atomic force microscopy and related techniques in molecular and cell biology. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to detect the superstructures of the cell membrane, cell morphology, cell skeletons and their mechanical properties.
Atomic Fragments: A Daughter's Questions
by Mary PalevskyMore than most of us, Mary Palevsky needed to come to terms with the moral complexities of the atomic bomb: Her parents worked on its development during World War II and were profoundly changed by that experience. After they died, unanswered questions sent their daughter on a search for understanding. <p><p>This compelling, sometimes heart-wrenching chronicle is the story of that quest. It takes her, and us, on a journey into the minds, memories, and emotions of the bomb builders. Scientists Hans Bethe, Edward Teller, Joseph Rotblat, Herbert York, Philip Morrison, Robert Wilson, and philosopher David Hawkins responded to Palevsky's personal approach in a way that dramatically expanded their previously published statements. Her skill and passion as an interlocutor prompt these men to recall their lives vividly and to reexamine their own decisions, debating within themselves the complex issues raised by the bomb. The author herself, seeking to comprehend the widely differing ways in which individual scientists made choices about the bomb and made sense of their work, deeply reconsiders those questions of commitment and conscience her parents faced. <p><p>In personal vignettes that complement the interviews, she captures other remembrances of the bomb through commemorative events and chance encounters with people who were "there." Her concluding chapter reframes the crucial moral questions in terms that show the questions themselves to be the abiding legacy we all share. This beautifully written book bridges generations to make its readers participants in the ongoing dialogue about science and philosophy, war and peace.
Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones
by James ClearThe #1 New York Times bestseller. Over 20 million copies sold!Translated into 60+ languages!Tiny Changes, Remarkable ResultsNo matter your goals, Atomic Habits offers a proven framework for improving--every day. James Clear, one of the world's leading experts on habit formation, reveals practical strategies that will teach you exactly how to form good habits, break bad ones, and master the tiny behaviors that lead to remarkable results.If you're having trouble changing your habits, the problem isn't you. The problem is your system. Bad habits repeat themselves again and again not because you don't want to change, but because you have the wrong system for change. You do not rise to the level of your goals. You fall to the level of your systems. Here, you'll get a proven system that can take you to new heights.Clear is known for his ability to distill complex topics into simple behaviors that can be easily applied to daily life and work. Here, he draws on the most proven ideas from biology, psychology, and neuroscience to create an easy-to-understand guide for making good habits inevitable and bad habits impossible. Along the way, readers will be inspired and entertained with true stories from Olympic gold medalists, award-winning artists, business leaders, life-saving physicians, and star comedians who have used the science of small habits to master their craft and vault to the top of their field.Learn how to:make time for new habits (even when life gets crazy);overcome a lack of motivation and willpower;design your environment to make success easier;get back on track when you fall off course;...and much more.Atomic Habits will reshape the way you think about progress and success, and give you the tools and strategies you need to transform your habits--whether you are a team looking to win a championship, an organization hoping to redefine an industry, or simply an individual who wishes to quit smoking, lose weight, reduce stress, or achieve any other goal.
The Atomic Human: What Makes Us Unique in the Age of AI
by Neil D. LawrenceFrom a renowned computer scientist, this book seeks the distinctive human quality that will prevail against artificial intelligence. If artificial intelligence takes over decision-making what, then, is unique and irreplaceable about human intelligence? The Atomic Human is a journey of discovery to the core of what it is to be human, in search of the qualities that cannot be replaced by the machine. Neil Lawrence brings a timely, fresh perspective to this new era, recounting his personal journey to understand the riddle of intelligence. By contrasting our own intelligence with the capabilities of machine intelligence through history, The Atomic Human reveals the technical origins, capabilities, and limitations of AI systems, and how they should be wielded–not just by the experts, but ordinary people.
Atomic Information Technology: Safety and Economy of Nuclear Power Plants (Springer Series in Reliability Engineering)
by Taeho WooAtomic Information Technology revaluates current conceptions of the information technology aspects of the nuclear industry. Economic and safety research in the nuclear energy sector are explored, considering statistical methods which incorporate Monte-Carlo simulations for practical applications. Divided into three sections, Atomic Information Technology covers: Atomic economics and management, Atomic safety and reliability, and Atomic safeguarding and security. Either as a standalone volume or as a companion to conventional nuclear safety and reliability books, Atomic Information Technology acts as a concise and thorough reference on statistical assessment technology in the nuclear industry. Students and industry professionals alike will find this a key tool in expanding and updating their understanding of this industry and the applications of information technology within it.
Atomic Junction: Nuclear Power in Africa after Independence
by Abena Dove Osseo-AsareAfter Atomic Junction, along the Haatso-Atomic Road there lies the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, home to Africa's first nuclear programme after independence. Travelling along this road, Abena Dove Osseo-Asare gathers together stories of conflict and compromise on an African nuclear frontier. She speaks with a generation of African scientists who became captivated with 'the atom' and studied in the Soviet Union to make nuclear physics their own. On Pluton Lane and Gamma Avenue, these scientists displaced quiet farming villages in their bid to establish a scientific metropolis, creating an epicentre for Ghana's nuclear physics community. By placing interviews with town leaders, physicists and local entrepreneurs alongside archival records, Osseo-Asare explores the impact of scientific pursuit on areas surrounding the reactor, focusing on how residents came to interpret activities on these 'Atomic Lands'. This combination of historical research, personal and ethnographic observations shows how Ghanaians now stand at a crossroad, where some push to install more reactors, whilst others merely seek pipe-born water.
Atomic Layer Deposition: Principles, Characteristics, and Nanotechnology Applications
by Arthur Sherman David Cameron Marja-Leena Kääriäinen Tommi KääriäinenSince the first edition was published in 2008, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) has emerged as a powerful, and sometimes preferred, deposition technology. The new edition of this groundbreaking monograph is the first text to review the subject of ALD comprehensively from a practical perspective. It covers ALD's application to microelectronics (MEMS) and nanotechnology; many important new and emerging applications; thermal processes for ALD growth of nanometer thick films of semiconductors, oxides, metals and nitrides; and the formation of organic and hybrid materials.
Atomic Layer Deposition for Semiconductors
by Cheol Seong HwangOffering thorough coverage of atomic layer deposition (ALD), this book moves from basic chemistry of ALD and modeling of processes to examine ALD in memory, logic devices and machines. Reviews history, operating principles and ALD processes for each device.
Atomic Layer Deposition in Energy Conversion Applications
by Julien BachmannCombining the two topics for the first time, this book begins with an introduction to the recent challenges in energy conversion devices from a materials preparation perspective and how they can be overcome by using atomic layer deposition (ALD). By bridging these subjects it helps ALD specialists to understand the requirements within the energy conversion field, and researchers in energy conversion to become acquainted with the opportunities offered by ALD. With its main focus on applications of ALD for photovoltaics, electrochemical energy storage, and photo- and electrochemical devices, this is important reading for materials scientists, surface chemists, electrochemists, electrotechnicians, physicists, and those working in the semiconductor industry.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Nanostructured Materials
by Nicola Pinna Mato KnezAtomic layer deposition, formerly called atomic layer epitaxy, was developed in the 1970s to meet the needs of producing high-quality, large-area fl at displays with perfect structure and process controllability. Nowadays, creating nanomaterials and producing nanostructures with structural perfection is an important goal for many applications in nanotechnology. As ALD is one of the important techniques which offers good control over the surface structures created, it is more and more in the focus of scientists. The book is structured in such a way to fi t both the need of the expert reader (due to the systematic presentation of the results at the forefront of the technique and their applications) and the ones of students and newcomers to the fi eld (through the first part detailing the basic aspects of the technique). This book is a must-have for all Materials Scientists, Surface Chemists, Physicists, and Scientists in the Semiconductor Industry.
Atomic Layer Processing: Semiconductor Dry Etching Technology
by Thorsten LillLearn about fundamental and advanced topics in etching with this practical guide Atomic Layer Processing: Semiconductor Dry Etching Technology delivers a hands-on, one-stop resource for understanding etching technologies and their applications. The distinguished scientist, executive, and author offers readers in-depth information on the various etching technologies used in the semiconductor industry, including thermal, isotropic atomic layer, radical, ion-assisted, and reactive ion etching. The book begins with a brief history of etching technology and the role it has played in the information technology revolution, along with a collection of commonly used terminology in the industry. It then moves on to discuss a variety of different etching techniques, before concluding with discussions of the fundamentals of etching reactor design and newly emerging topics in the field such as the role played by artificial intelligence in the technology. Atomic Layer Processing includes a wide variety of other topics as well, all of which contribute to the author’s goal of providing the reader with an atomic-level understanding of dry etching technology sufficient to develop specific solutions for existing and emerging semiconductor technologies. Readers will benefit from: A complete discussion of the fundamentals of how to remove atoms from various surfaces An examination of emerging etching technologies, including laser and electron beam assisted etching A treatment of process control in etching technology and the role played by artificial intelligence Analyses of a wide variety of etching methods, including thermal or vapor etching, isotropic atomic layer etching, radical etching, directional atomic layer etching, and more Perfect for materials scientists, semiconductor physicists, and surface chemists, Atomic Layer Processing will also earn a place in the libraries of engineering scientists in industry and academia, as well as anyone involved with the manufacture of semiconductor technology. The author’s close involvement with corporate research & development and academic research allows the book to offer a uniquely multifaceted approach to the subject.
Atomic & Molecular Symmetry Groups and Chemistry
by S.C. RakshitAtomic Symmetry Groups, being continuous groups, are just a fallout of the Lie Groups and Lie Algebras. Atoms are structurally simpler than molecules but atomic symmetry is more complex than molecular symmetry. In quantum mechanics we study atoms first and then the molecules. In symmetry studies, we do just the reverse. In this book, apart from theories, the description of both the symmetry groups – atomic and molecular, are attended with adequate applications. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Atomic Mumbai: Living with the Radiance of a Thousand Suns
by Raminder KaurAtomic Mumbai offers an insightful historical and ethnographic account of how nuclear issues are represented in popular culture, print media, films, documentaries, advertising and superhero comics, driven by perceptions of those based in the city of Mumbai, a prime site of nuclear establishments in India since the mid-1940s. Based on long-term fieldwork, and including rare photographs, narratives and extensive interviews, the volume documents urban nuclear imaginaries, along with their terrifying association with genetic mutation and death.
Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry (Devices, Circuits, and Systems)
by Taeho WooDevelopments at the nanoscale are leading to new possibilities and challenges for nuclear applications in areas ranging from medicine to international commerce to atomic power production/waste treatment. Progress in nanotech is helping the nuclear industry slash the cost of energy production. It also continues to improve application reliability and safety measures, which remain a critical concern, especially since the reactor disasters in Japan. Exploring the new wide-ranging landscape of nuclear function, Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry details the breakthroughs in nanoscale applications and methodologies that are revolutionizing power production, biotechnology, and material science. Developments in atomic nanoscale technology have given us the ability to: Use ion beams to Investigate and optimize radiation energy losses at the nanoscopic level Assess nanoscopic safety circumstances involved in a reactor failure Analyze characteristics of nuclear spacecraft operating in the nanogravity of deep space Evaluate light collection enhancement for digital X-ray detection Apply brachytherapy using radioisotopes for cancer therapy Treat nuclear waste at the nanoscopic level Use systems-thinking decision making to analyze financial progress of nanotech in the energy industry Assess safety (and safety management methods) for nuclear nanomaterials used in plant operations Representing a first step in multi-combinatorial research, this text incorporates advanced studies that use Monte Carlo and solid-state measurement (including radiation detection) methods. Researchers used these to demonstrate the potential to upgrade methods of radiation protection and nuclear reactor operation (safety, waste disposal, etc.). The author also addresses how we can use nanotechnology to address industrial concerns and enhance nuclear medicine techniques. He highlights several nanomaterial systems and devices to illustrate developments in this area. About the Author: Taeho Woo launched the specialized field of atomic multinology (interdisciplinary research of nuclear technology), which combines the application of information technology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology in the nuclear industry.
Atomic Particles and Atom Systems: Data for Properties of Atomic Objects and Processes (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #51)
by Boris M. SmirnovThis book presents physical units and widely used physical formulas, which are given together with conversion factors in various units. It includes frequently used atomic spectra and data for atoms, ions and molecules, as well as potential curves for diatomic molecules, and provides numerical parameters for transport phenomena in gases and plasmas. Further, the rate constants of a number of processes in atmospheric ionized air have been added to this second edition of the book. The numerical data has been selected from the information on atoms, atomic systems, atomic processes and models for atomic physics in this area, and the numerical parameters of atoms, ions and atom systems are included in periodical tables of elements.
Atomic Physics: 8th Edition
by Max BornFirst published in English in 1935, this classic treatment is well known to students and teachers of physics around the world. Since its original publication, Professor Born (Nobel laureate, 1954) continually updated the book to incorporate new developments in all branches of physics, particularly in the field of elementary particles. For this eighth edition he also wrote a new chapter on the quantum theory of solids.Contents include:Kinetic theory of gasesElementary particlesSpin of the electron and Paul's principleThe nuclear atomWave-corpusclesAtomic structure and spectral linesQuantum statisticsMolecular structureQuantum theory of solidsNuclear physicsOver 40 helpful appendixes, dealing with the mean square deviation, theory of relativity, electron theory, the Compton effect, Hamiltonian theory and action variables, atomic form factor, meson theory, van der Waals forces, and other topics supplement the main text. A bibliography and numerous figures and graphs further enhance the usefulness of Atomic Physics, which retains its value as a broad treatment of basic physics from the special perspective of a towering figure in the field.
Atomic Physics
by D.C.G JonesUsing the quantum approach to the subject of atomic physics, this text keeps the mathematics to the minimum needed for a clear and comprehensive understanding of the material. Beginning with an introduction and treatment of atomic structure, the book goes on to deal with quantum mechanics, atomic spectra and the theory of interaction between atoms and radiation. Continuing to more complex atoms and atomic structure in general, the book concludes with a treatment of quantum optics. Appendices deal with Rutherford scattering, calculation of spin-orbit energy, derivation of the Einstein B coefficient, the Pauli Exclusion Principle and the derivation of eigenstates in helium. The book should be of interest to undergraduate physics students at intermediate and advanced level and also to those on materials science and chemistry courses.
Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge (Dover Books On Physics Series #Vol. Iii)
by Niels BohrThis collection of articles, which were first published in 1958 and written on various occasions between 1932 and 1957, forms a sequel to Danish physician Niels Bohr’s earlier essays in Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature (1934).“The theme of the papers is the epistemological lesson which the modern development of atomic physics has given us and its relevance for analysis and synthesis in many fields of human knowledge.“The articles in the previous edition were written at a time when the establishment of the mathematical methods of quantum mechanics had created a firm foundation for the consistent treatment of atomic phenomena, and the conditions for an unambiguous account of experience within this framework were characterized by the notion of complementarity. In the papers collected here, this approach is further developed in logical formulation and given broader application.”
Atomic Processes in Basic and Applied Physics (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #68)
by Hiro Tawara Viacheslav ShevelkoThe book is a comprehensive edition which considers the interactions of atoms, ions and molecules with charged particles, photons and laser fields and reflects the present understanding of atomic processes such as electron capture, target and projectile ionisation, photoabsorption and others occurring in most of laboratory and astrophysical plasma sources including many-photon and many-electron processes. The material consists of selected papers written by leading scientists in various fields.
Atomic Quest
by Arthur Holly ComptonDr. Compton’s book gives the reader an inside view of history in the making of the weapon that changed the world – the atomic bomb. As director of the Metallurgical Laboratory of the Manhattan Project he was a major participant in the research, production and testing of the bomb.From the vantage point of the key position he held from 1941 until 1945, Dr. Compton tells the whole story of the bomb’s progress from the presentation of the project to President Roosevelt, through its planning, research, and building phases, to its use in Japan. He depicts the project as a tremendous group effort enlisting the knowledge and talents of countless scientists, industrialists, and administrators, all of whom were working for the greater good of a nation in need of their help.“an absorbing and eminently readable account…It is packed with new information and enlivened with precious detail and illuminating insights into the minds and personalities of the chief actors in the drama.”—Henry Guerlac, The New York Times Book Review“Dr. Compton is a thinking man whose reflections range far beyond the confines of his scientific work: indeed, the distinctive quality of his book lies in his ability to reconcile the atomic bomb and similar operations with his belief as a practicing Christian.”—John Barkham, Saturday Review Syndicate“It should be required reading for every American, for the free world…The narrative alone makes the book worth reading; its hopeful philosophy makes it mandatory reading.”—Robert S. Kleckner, Chicago Sunday Tribune“For those who were in the project, it will mean many recollections. For those who were not, it should give an inkling of the character and capacity of many of the individuals, including Arthur Compton, who made success possible.”—Lieutenant General Leslie R. Groves, U.S. Army (Retired)
Atomic Ranch: Design Ideas for Stylish Ranch Homes
by Michelle Gringeri-BrownAtomic Ranch is an in-depth exploration of post-World War II residential architecture in America.Mid-century ranches (1946-1970) range from the decidedly modern gable-roofed Joseph Eichler tracts in the San Francisco Bay area and butterfly wing houses in Palm Springs, Florida, to the unassuming brick or stucco L-shaped ranches and split-levels so common throughout the United States. Authors Michelle Gringeri-Brown and Jim Brown, founders and publishers of the popular quarterly Atomic Ranch magazine, extol the virtues of the tract, split-level, rambler home and its many unique qualities: private front facades, open floor plans, secluded bedroom wings, walls of glass, and an easy-living lifestyle. From updated homes with high-end Italian kitchens, terrazzo floors, and modern furniture to affordable homeowner renovations with eclectic thrift-store furnishings, Atomic Ranch presents twenty-five homes showcasing inspiring examples of stylish living through beautiful color photographs, including before and after shots, design-tip sidebars, and a thorough resource index. Atomic Ranch reveals:Hallmarks of the ranch styleInspiring original ranch homesRanch house transformations and makeoversPreservation of mid-century neighborhoodsAdding personality to a ranch home Yards and landscaping Plus, a helpful resource section and index!
Atomic Salvation: How the A-Bomb attacks saved the lives of 32 million people
by Doctor Tom LewisSo did not the atomic weapons bring about a great peace? Since the initial grateful acknowledgement of the success of the A-bomb attacks in ending World War II, there has been a steady reversal of opinion and sentiment: from a first hearty appreciation to a condemnation by many, of the United States for its actions.Atomic Salvation investigates the full situation of the times to a previously unplumbed depth. It examines documents from both Japanese and Allied sources, but it uses logical in-depth analysis to extend beyond the mere recounting of statistics. It charts the full extent of the possible casualties on both sides if a conventional assault akin to D-Day had gone ahead. The work is concerned solely with the military necessity to use the bombs, but it also investigates why that necessity has been increasingly challenged over the successive decades. Controversially, the book shows that the Japanese nation would have lost many millions of their people – likely around 28 million – if the nation had been attacked in the manner by which Germany was defeated: by amphibious assault; artillery and air attacks preceding infantry insertion, and finally by subduing the last of the defenders of the enemy capital. From the other side, the book investigates the enormous political pressure placed on America as a result of their military situation. The USA&’s Truman Administration had little choice but to use the new weapon given the more than a million deaths Allied forces would undoubtedly have suffered through conventional assault. Through investigation of reactions then and since, Atomic Salvation charts reaction to the bombings. It looks briefly at a range of reactions through the decades and shows that there has been relentless pressure on the world to condemn what at the time was seen as the best, and the only, military solution to end the war. Never has such an exhaustive analysis been made of the necessity behind bringing World War II to a halt.
Atomic Salvation: How the A-Bomb Saved the Lives of 32 Million People
by Tom Lewis<p>It has always been a difficult concept to stomach—that the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, causing such horrific suffering and destruction, also brought about peace. Attitudes toward the event have changed through the years, from grateful relief that World War II was ended to widespread condemnation of the United States.<p> <p>Atomic Salvation investigates the full situation—examining documents from both Japanese and Allied sources, but also using in-depth analysis to extend beyond the mere recounting of statistics. It charts the full extent of the possible casualties on both sides had a conventional assault akin to D-Day gone ahead against Japan. The work is not concerned solely with the military necessity to use the bombs; it also investigates why that necessity has been increasingly challenged over the successive decades.<p> <p>Controversially, the book demonstrates that Japan would have suffered far greater casualties—likely around 28 million—if the nation had been attacked in the manner by which Germany was defeated: by amphibious assault, artillery and air attacks preceding infantry insertion, and finally by subduing the last of the defenders of the enemy capital. It also investigates the enormous political pressure placed on America as a result of their military situation. The Truman administration had little choice but to use the new weapon given the more than a million deaths that Allied forces would undoubtedly have suffered through conventional assault.<p> <p>By charting reaction to the bombings over time, Atomic Salvation shows that there has been relentless pressure on the world to condemn what at the time was seen as the best, and only, military solution to end the conflict. Never has such an exhaustive analysis been made of the necessity behind bringing World War II to a halt.<p>
Atomic Scale Characterization and First-Principles Studies of Si₃N₄ Interfaces (Springer Theses)
by Weronika WalkoszThis thesis presents results from a combined atomic-resolution Z-contrast and annular bright-field imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, as well as first principles studies of the interfaces between crystalline β--Si3N4 and amorphous (i) CeO2-x as well as (ii) SiO2 intergranular film (IGF). These interfaces are of a great fundamental and technological interest because they play an important role in the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Si3N4 ceramics used in many high temperature and pressure applications. The main contribution of this work is its detailed description of the bonding characteristics of light atoms, in particular oxygen and nitrogen, at these interfaces, which has not been achieved before. The atomic-scale information on the arrangement of both light and heavy atoms is critical for realistic modeling of interface properties, such as interface strength and ion transport, and will facilitate increased control over the performance of ceramic and semiconductor materials for a wide-range of applications.